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Wang C, Yu X, Wang J, Zhao Z, Wan J. Genetic and molecular mechanisms of reproductive isolation in the utilization of heterosis for breeding hybrid rice. J Genet Genomics 2024; 51:583-593. [PMID: 38325701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Heterosis, also known as hybrid vigor, is commonly observed in rice crosses. The hybridization of rice species or subspecies exhibits robust hybrid vigor, however, the direct harnessing of this vigor is hindered by reproductive isolation. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing reproductive isolation in inter-subspecific and inter-specific hybrids. This review encompasses the genetic model of reproductive isolation within and among Oryza sativa species, emphasizing the essential role of mitochondria in this process. Additionally, we delve into the molecular intricacies governing the interaction between mitochondria and autophagosomes, elucidating their significant contribution to reproductive isolation. Furthermore, our exploration extends to comprehending the evolutionary dynamics of reproductive isolation and speciation in rice. Building on these advances, we offer a forward-looking perspective on how to overcome the challenges of reproductive isolation and facilitate the utilization of heterosis in future hybrid rice breeding endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaowen Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China.
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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2
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Rode S, Kaur H, Sharma M, Shah V, Singh SS, Gubyad M, Ghosh DK, Sircar D, Kumar P, Roy P, Sharma AK. Characterization of Type1 Lipid Transfer Protein from Citrus sinensis: Unraveling its potential as an antimicrobial and insecticidal agent. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130811. [PMID: 38490399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Lipid Transfer Protein1 (LTP1) is a cationic, multifaceted protein belonging to the pathogenesis-related protein (PR14) family. Despite being involved in diverse physiological processes and defense mechanisms, the precise in-vivo role of LTP1 remains undiscovered. This work presents the characterization of recombinant Citrus sinensis LTP1 (CsLTP1) along with lipid binding studies through in-silico and in-vitro approaches. CsLTP1 demonstrated great thermal and pH stability with a huge biotechnological potential. It showed in-vitro binding capacity with jasmonic acid and lipids involved in regulating plant immune responses. Gene expression profiling indicated a significant upregulation of CsLTP1 in Candidatus-infected Citrus plants. CsLTP1 disrupted the cell membrane integrity of various pathogens, making it a potent antimicrobial agent. Further, in-vivo antimicrobial and insecticidal properties of CsLTP1 have been explored. The impact of exogenous CsLTP1 treatment on rice crop metabolism for managing blight disease has been studied using GC-MS. CsLTP1 triggered crucial metabolic pathways in rice plants while controlling the blight disease. CsLTP1 effectively inhibited Helicoverpa armigera larvae by impeding mid-gut α-amylase activity and obstructing its developmental stages. This study highlights the pivotal role of CsLTP1 in plant defense by offering insights for developing multi-target therapeutic agent or disease-resistant varieties to comprehensively tackle the challenges towards crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Rode
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Harry Kaur
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Monica Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Vivek Shah
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, India
| | - Shiv Shakti Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Mrugendra Gubyad
- Plant Virology Laboratory, Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Ghosh
- Plant Virology Laboratory, Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Debabrata Sircar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Pravindra Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
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Xu J, Zhou T, Wang Y, Yang Y, Pu Y, Chen Q, Zheng K, Sun G. Functional Analysis of the GhIQD1 Gene in Cotton Resistance to Verticillium Wilt. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1005. [PMID: 38611533 PMCID: PMC11013105 DOI: 10.3390/plants13071005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Cotton is a critical crop with massive economic implications worldwide. Verticillium wilt is a soil-borne ailment caused by Verticillium dahliae, which harms the growth and development of cotton. Therefore, investigating the genes associated with resistance to verticillium wilt is of particular significance. In this study, we identified the GhIQD1 gene through transcriptome analysis and experimentally characterized the role of the GhIQD1 gene in cotton against V. dahliae. The findings indicated that GhIQD1 acts as a calmodulin-binding protein. The expression of GhIQD1 was the highest in stems, and the expression level increased significantly following infection with V. dahliae. The expression in resistant cotton varieties was higher than in susceptible cotton varieties. Through overexpression of the GhIQD1 gene in tobacco, these transgenic plants exhibited improved resistance to V. dahliae. In contrast, by silencing the GhIQD1 gene in cotton through VIGS, the resistance to V. dahliae was reduced. Following inoculation, the leaves yellowed, and the disease index was higher. Transcriptome analysis of transgenic tobacco 72 h after inoculation indicated that overexpression of GhIQD1 increased the enrichment of the calmodulin pathway and stimulated the production of plant hormones alongside secondary metabolites. Consequently, we investigated the relationship between the GhIQD1 gene and plant disease-resistant hormones SA, JA, and ABA. In summary, this study uncovered the mechanism by which GhIQD1 conferred resistance to V. dahliae in cotton through positive regulation of JA and ABA, providing crucial information for further research on the adaptation of plants to pathogen invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Xu
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (J.X.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.)
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (T.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ting Zhou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (T.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (J.X.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.)
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (T.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yejun Yang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (T.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China
| | - Yuanchun Pu
- Institute of Western Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China;
| | - Quanjia Chen
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (J.X.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.)
| | - Kai Zheng
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (J.X.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.)
| | - Guoqing Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (T.Z.); (Y.Y.)
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Xu M, Zhang Z, Ling C, Jiao Y, Zhang X. Genome-Wide Identification of the IQM Gene Family and Their Transcriptional Responses to Abiotic Stresses in Kiwifruit ( Actinidia eriantha). Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:147. [PMID: 38397137 PMCID: PMC10887524 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
IQM is a plant-specific calcium-binding protein that plays a pivotal role in various aspects of plant growth response to stressors. We investigated the IQM gene family and its expression patterns under diverse abiotic stresses and conducted a comprehensive analysis and characterization of the AeIQMs, including protein structure, genomic location, phylogenetic relationships, gene expression profiles, salt tolerance, and expression patterns of this gene family under different abiotic stresses. Based on phylogenetic analysis, these 10 AeIQMs were classified into three distinct subfamilies (I-III). Analysis of the protein motifs revealed a considerable level of conservation among these AeIQM proteins within their respective subfamilies in kiwifruit. The genomic distribution of the 10 AeIQM genes spanned across eight chromosomes, where four pairs of IQM gene duplicates were associated with segmental duplication events. qRT-PCR analysis revealed diverse expression patterns of these AeIQM genes under different hormone treatments, and most AeIQMs showed inducibility by salt stress. Further investigations indicated that overexpression of AeIQMs in yeast significantly enhanced salt tolerance. These findings suggest that AeIQM genes might be involved in hormonal signal transduction and response to abiotic stress in Actinidia eriantha. In summary, this study provides valuable insights into the physiological functions of IQMs in kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyan Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chengcheng Ling
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Yuhuan Jiao
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Li X, Chen L, Zeng X, Wu K, Huang J, Liao M, Xi Y, Zhu G, Zeng X, Hou X, Zhang Z, Peng X. Wounding induces a peroxisomal H 2 O 2 decrease via glycolate oxidase-catalase switch dependent on glutamate receptor-like channel-supported Ca 2+ signaling in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1325-1341. [PMID: 37596913 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Sensing of environmental challenges, such as mechanical injury, by a single plant tissue results in the activation of systemic signaling, which attunes the plant's physiology and morphology for better survival and reproduction. As key signals, both calcium ions (Ca2+ ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) interplay with each other to mediate plant systemic signaling. However, the mechanisms underlying Ca2+ -H2 O2 crosstalk are not fully revealed. Our previous study showed that the interaction between glycolate oxidase and catalase, key enzymes of photorespiration, serves as a molecular switch (GC switch) to dynamically modulate photorespiratory H2 O2 fluctuations via metabolic channeling. In this study, we further demonstrate that local wounding induces a rapid shift of the GC switch to a more interactive state in systemic leaves, resulting in a sharp decrease in peroxisomal H2 O2 levels, in contrast to a simultaneous outburst of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-derived apoplastic H2 O2 . Moreover, the systemic response of the two processes depends on the transmission of Ca2+ signaling, mediated by glutamate-receptor-like Ca2+ channels 3.3 and 3.6. Mechanistically, by direct binding and/or indirect mediation by some potential biochemical sensors, peroxisomal Ca2+ regulates the GC switch states in situ, leading to changes in H2 O2 levels. Our findings provide new insights into the functions of photorespiratory H2 O2 in plant systemic acclimation and an optimized systemic H2 O2 signaling via spatiotemporal interplay between the GC switch and NADPH oxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linru Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuewen Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhisheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Ordaz NA, Nagalakshmi U, Boiteux LS, Atamian HS, Ullman DE, Dinesh-Kumar SP. The Sw-5b NLR Immune Receptor Induces Early Transcriptional Changes in Response to Thrips and Mechanical Modes of Inoculation of Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:705-715. [PMID: 37432156 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-23-0032-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The NLR (nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat) class immune receptor Sw-5b confers resistance to Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV). Although Sw-5b is known to activate immunity upon recognition of the TSWV movement protein NSm, we know very little about the downstream events that lead to resistance. Here, we investigated the Sw-5b-mediated early transcriptomic changes that occur in response to mechanical and thrips-mediated inoculation of TSWV, using near-isogenic tomato lines CNPH-LAM 147 (Sw5b+/+) and Santa Clara (Sw-5b-/-). We observed earlier Sw-5b-mediated transcriptional changes in response to thrips-mediated inoculation compared with that in response to mechanical inoculation of TSWV. With thrips-mediated inoculation, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed at 12, 24, and 72 h postinoculation (hpi). Whereas with mechanical inoculation, DEGs were observed only at 72 hpi. Although some DEGs were shared between the two methods of inoculation, many DEGs were specific to either thrips-mediated or mechanical inoculation of TSWV. In response to thrips-mediated inoculation, an NLR immune receptor, cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase, G-type lectin S-receptor-like kinases, the ethylene response factor 1, and the calmodulin-binding protein 60 were induced. Fatty acid desaturase 2-9, cell death genes, DCL2b, RIPK/PBL14-like, ERF017, and WRKY75 were differentially expressed in response to mechanical inoculation. Our findings reveal Sw-5b responses specific to the method of TSWV inoculation. Although TSWV is transmitted in nature primarily by the thrips, Sw-5b responses to thrips inoculation have not been previously studied. Therefore, the DEGs we have identified in response to thrips-mediated inoculation provide a new foundation for understanding the mechanistic roles of these genes in the Sw-5b-mediated resistance. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma A Ordaz
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | - Ugrappa Nagalakshmi
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | - Leonardo S Boiteux
- National Center for Vegetable Crops Research (CNPH), Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasilia-DF, Brazil
| | - Hagop S Atamian
- Biological Sciences program, Schmid College of Science & Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, U.S.A
| | - Diane E Ullman
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | - Savithramma P Dinesh-Kumar
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
- The Genome Center, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
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Lin R, Song J, Tang M, Wang L, Yu J, Zhou Y. CALMODULIN6 negatively regulates cold tolerance by attenuating ICE1-dependent stress responses in tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2105-2121. [PMID: 37565524 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Chilling temperatures induce an increase in cytoplasmic calcium (Ca2+) ions to transmit cold signals, but the precise role of Calmodulins (CaMs), a type of Ca2+ sensor, in plant tolerance to cold stress remains elusive. In this study, we characterized a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) CaM gene, CALMODULIN6 (CaM6), which responds to cold stimulus. Overexpressing CaM6 increased tomato sensitivity to cold stress whereas silencing CaM6 resulted in a cold-insensitive phenotype. We showed that CaM6 interacts with Inducer of CBF expression 1 (ICE1) in a Ca2+-independent process and ICE1 contributes to cold tolerance in tomato plants. By integrating RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) assays, we revealed that ICE1 directly altered the expression of 76 downstream cold-responsive (COR) genes that potentially confer cold tolerance to tomato plants. Moreover, the physical interaction of CaM6 with ICE1 attenuated ICE1 transcriptional activity during cold stress. These findings reveal that CaM6 attenuates the cold tolerance of tomato plants by suppressing ICE1-dependent COR gene expression. We propose a CaM6/ICE1 module in which ICE1 is epistatic to CaM6 under cold stress. Our study sheds light on the mechanism of plant response to cold stress and reveals CaM6 is involved in the regulation of ICE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lin
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jianing Song
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Mingjia Tang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Lingyu Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth and Development, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth and Development, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, PR China
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Yu T, Zhang J, Cao J, Ma X, Li W, Yang G. Hub Gene Mining and Co-Expression Network Construction of Low-Temperature Response in Maize of Seedling by WGCNA. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1598. [PMID: 37628649 PMCID: PMC10454290 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) is a research method in systematic biology. It is widely used to identify gene modules related to target traits in multi-sample transcriptome data. In order to further explore the molecular mechanism of maize response to low-temperature stress at the seedling stage, B144 (cold stress tolerant) and Q319 (cold stress sensitive) provided by the Maize Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences were used as experimental materials, and both inbred lines were treated with 5 °C for 0 h, 12 h, and 24 h, with the untreated material as a control. Eighteen leaf samples were used for transcriptome sequencing, with three biological replicates. Based on the above transcriptome data, co-expression networks of weighted genes associated with low-temperature-tolerance traits were constructed by WGCNA. Twelve gene modules significantly related to low-temperature tolerance at the seedling stage were obtained, and a number of hub genes involved in low-temperature stress regulation pathways were discovered from the four modules with the highest correlation with target traits. These results provide clues for further study on the molecular genetic mechanisms of low-temperature tolerance in maize at the seedling stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Maize Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (J.Z.); (J.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Northern Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150086, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Creation and Utilization of Maize, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Maize Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (J.Z.); (J.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Northern Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150086, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Creation and Utilization of Maize, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jingsheng Cao
- Maize Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (J.Z.); (J.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Northern Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150086, China
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Creation and Utilization of Maize, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xuena Ma
- Maize Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (J.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Wenyue Li
- Maize Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (J.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Gengbin Yang
- Maize Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; (J.Z.); (J.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Northern Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150086, China
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9
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Zhang L, Wu Y, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Wei F, Zhu QH, Zhou J, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Feng Z, Feng H, Sun J. Acetylation of GhCaM7 enhances cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:1405-1424. [PMID: 36948889 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein lysine acetylation is an important post-translational modification mechanism involved in cellular regulation in eukaryotes. Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous Ca2+ sensor in eukaryotes and is crucial for plant immunity, but it is so far unclear whether acetylation is involved in CaM-mediated plant immunity. Here, we found that GhCaM7 is acetylated upon Verticillium dahliae (V. dahliae) infection and a positive regulator of V. dahliae resistance. Overexpressing GhCaM7 in cotton and Arabidopsis enhances V. dahliae resistance and knocking-down GhCaM7 makes cotton more susceptible to V. dahliae. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing GhCaM7 with mutation at the acetylation site are more susceptible to V. dahliae than transgenics overexpressing the wild-type GhCaM7, implying the importance of the acetylated GhCaM7 in response to V. dahliae infection. Yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescent complementation, luciferase complementation imaging, and coimmunoprecipitation assays demonstrated interaction between GhCaM7 and an osmotin protein GhOSM34 that was shown to have a positive role in V. dahliae resistance. GhCaM7 and GhOSM34 are co-localized in the cell membrane. Upon V. dahliae infection, the Ca2+ content reduces almost instantly in plants with downregulated GhCaM7 or GhOSM34. Down regulating GhOSM34 enhances accumulation of Na+ and increases cell osmotic pressure. Comparative transcriptomic analyses between cotton plants with an increased or reduced expression level of GhCaM7 and wild-type plants indicate the involvement of jasmonic acid signaling pathways and reactive oxygen species in GhCaM7-enabled disease resistance. Together, these results demonstrate the involvement of CaM protein in the interaction between cotton and V. dahliae, and more importantly, the involvement of the acetylated CaM in the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yajie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yongang Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Feng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Qian-Hao Zhu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Jinglong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Zili Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Hongjie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
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10
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Morales-Cruz A, Aguirre-Liguori J, Massonnet M, Minio A, Zaccheo M, Cochetel N, Walker A, Riaz S, Zhou Y, Cantu D, Gaut BS. Multigenic resistance to Xylella fastidiosa in wild grapes (Vitis sps.) and its implications within a changing climate. Commun Biol 2023; 6:580. [PMID: 37253933 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylella fastidiosa is a bacterium that infects crops like grapevines, coffee, almonds, citrus and olives. There is little understanding of the genes that contribute to plant resistance, the genomic architecture of resistance, and the potential role of climate in shaping resistance, in part because major crops like grapevines (Vitis vinifera) are not resistant to the bacterium. Here we study a wild grapevine species, V. arizonica, that segregates for resistance. Using genome-wide association, we identify candidate resistance genes. Resistance-associated kmers are shared with a sister species of V. arizonica but not with more distant species, suggesting that resistance evolved more than once. Finally, resistance is climate dependent, because individuals from low ( < 10 °C) temperature locations in the wettest quarter were typically susceptible to infection, likely reflecting a lack of pathogen pressure in colder climates. In fact, climate is as effective a predictor of resistance phenotypes as some genetic markers. We extend our climate observations to additional crops, predicting that increased pathogen pressure is more likely for grapevines and almonds than some other susceptible crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Morales-Cruz
- U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jonas Aguirre-Liguori
- Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mélanie Massonnet
- Dept. of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Minio
- Dept. of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mirella Zaccheo
- Dept. of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Noe Cochetel
- Dept. of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Walker
- Dept. of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Summaira Riaz
- San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Center, United States Dept of Agriculture, Parlier, CA, USA
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 7 Pengfei Road, Shenzen, 518120, China.
| | - Dario Cantu
- Dept. of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- Dept. of Viticulture and Enology, One Shields Avenue, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616-5270, USA.
| | - Brandon S Gaut
- Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 321 Steinhaus Hall UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617-2525, USA.
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11
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Sun Q, Zhai L, Zhao D, Gao M, Wu Y, Wu T, Zhang X, Xu X, Han Z, Wang Y. Kinase MxMPK4-1 and calmodulin-binding protein MxIQM3 enhance apple root acidification during Fe deficiency. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1968-1984. [PMID: 36534987 PMCID: PMC10022619 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency is a long-standing issue in plant mineral nutrition. Ca2+ signals and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade are frequently activated in parallel to perceive external cues, but their interplay under Fe deficiency stress remains largely unclear. Here, the kinase MxMPK4-1, which is induced during the response to Fe deficiency stress in apple rootstock Malus xiaojinensis, cooperates with IQ-motif containing protein3 (MxIQM3). MxIQM3 gene expression, protein abundance, and phosphorylation level increased under Fe deficiency stress. The overexpression of MxIQM3 in apple calli and rootstocks mitigated the Fe deficiency phenotype and improved stress tolerance, whereas RNA interference or silencing of MxIQM3 in apple calli and rootstocks, respectively, worsened the phenotype and reduced tolerance to Fe deficiency. MxMPK4-1 interacted with MxIQM3 and subsequently phosphorylated MxIQM3 at Ser393, and co-expression of MxMPK4-1 and MxIQM3 in apple calli and rootstocks enhanced Fe deficiency responses. Furthermore, MxIQM3 interacted with the central-loop region of the plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase MxHA2. Phospho-mimicking mutation of MxIQM3 at Ser393 inhibited binding to MxHA2, but phospho-abolishing mutation promoted interaction with both the central-loop and C terminus of MxHA2, demonstrating phosphorylation of MxIQM3 caused dissociation from MxHA2 and therefore increased H+ secretion. Moreover, Ca2+/MxCAM7 (Calmodulin7) regulated the MxMPK4-1-MxIQM3 module in response to Fe deficiency stress. Overall, our results demonstrate that MxMPK4-1-MxIQM3 forms a functional complex and positively regulates PM H+-ATPase activity in Fe deficiency responses, revealing a versatile mechanism of Ca2+/MxCAM7 signaling and MAPK cascade under Fe deficiency stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiran Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Longmei Zhai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Danrui Zhao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Min Gao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, PR China
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12
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Iosip AL, Scherzer S, Bauer S, Becker D, Krischke M, Al-Rasheid KAS, Schultz J, Kreuzer I, Hedrich R. DYSCALCULIA, a Venus flytrap mutant without the ability to count action potentials. Curr Biol 2023; 33:589-596.e5. [PMID: 36693369 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The Venus flytrap Dionaea muscipula estimates prey nutrient content by counting trigger hair contacts initiating action potentials (APs) and calcium waves traveling all over the trap.1,2,3 A first AP is associated with a subcritical rise in cytosolic calcium concentration, but when the second AP arrives in time, calcium levels pass the threshold required for fast trap closure. Consequently, memory function and decision-making are timed via a calcium clock.3,4 For higher numbers of APs elicited by the struggling prey, the Ca2+ clock connects to the networks governed by the touch hormone jasmonic acid (JA), which initiates slow, hermetic trap sealing and mining of the animal food stock.5 Two distinct phases of trap closure can be distinguished within Dionaea's hunting cycle: (1) very fast trap snapping requiring two APs and crossing of a critical cytosolic Ca2+ level and (2) JA-dependent slow trap sealing and prey processing induced by more than five APs. The Dionaea mutant DYSC is still able to fire touch-induced APs but does not snap close its traps and fails to enter the hunting cycle after prolonged mechanostimulation. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that upon trigger hair touch/AP stimulation, activation of calcium signaling is largely suppressed in DYSC traps. The observation that external JA application restored hunting cycle progression together with the DYSC phenotype and its transcriptional landscape indicates that DYSC cannot properly read, count, and decode touch/AP-induced calcium signals that are key in prey capture and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anda-Larisa Iosip
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany; Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, University of Würzburg, Clara-Oppenheimer-Weg 32, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Scherzer
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Bauer
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Becker
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Krischke
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs Institute of Biosciences, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Khaled A S Al-Rasheid
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jörg Schultz
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, University of Würzburg, Clara-Oppenheimer-Weg 32, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ines Kreuzer
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany.
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13
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Jiang X, Walker BJ, He SY, Hu J. The role of photorespiration in plant immunity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1125945. [PMID: 36818872 PMCID: PMC9928950 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1125945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To defend themselves in the face of biotic stresses, plants employ a sophisticated immune system that requires the coordination of other biological and metabolic pathways. Photorespiration, a byproduct pathway of oxygenic photosynthesis that spans multiple cellular compartments and links primary metabolisms, plays important roles in defense responses. Hydrogen peroxide, whose homeostasis is strongly impacted by photorespiration, is a crucial signaling molecule in plant immunity. Photorespiratory metabolites, interaction between photorespiration and defense hormone biosynthesis, and other mechanisms, are also implicated. An improved understanding of the relationship between plant immunity and photorespiration may provide a much-needed knowledge basis for crop engineering to maximize photosynthesis without negative tradeoffs in plant immunity, especially because the photorespiratory pathway has become a major target for genetic engineering with the goal to increase photosynthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Jiang
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Berkley J. Walker
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Sheng Yang He
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jianping Hu
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory and Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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14
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Lv T, Liu Q, Xiao H, Fan T, Zhou Y, Wang J, Tian CE. Genome-wide identification and analysis of the IQM gene family in soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1093589. [PMID: 36684725 PMCID: PMC9853202 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1093589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
IQM, a plant-specific calmodulin-binding protein, plays multiple roles in plant growth and development. Although a comprehensive analysis has been carried out on the IQM family genes in Arabidopsis and rice, the number and functions of IQM genes in other species have not been explored. In this study, we identified 15 members of the soybean (Glycine max) IQM gene family using BLASTP tools. These members were distributed on 12 soybean chromosomes and constitute six pairs caused by fragment duplication events. According to phylogeny, the 15 genes were divided into three subfamilies (I, II, and III), and members of the same subfamily had similar gene and protein structures. Yeast two-hybrid experiments revealed that the IQ motif is critical for the binding of GmIQM proteins to GmCaM, and its function is conserved in soybean, Arabidopsis, and rice. Based on real-time PCR, the soybean IQM genes were strongly induced by PEG and NaCl, suggesting their important biological functions in abiotic stress responses. Overall, this genome-wide analysis of the soybean IQM gene family lays a solid theoretical foundation for further research on the functions of GmIQM genes and could serve as a reference for the improvement and breeding of soybean stress resistance traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiao Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiongrui Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxing Wang
- Suihua Branch Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suihua, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chang-en Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Calcium decoders and their targets: The holy alliance that regulate cellular responses in stress signaling. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 134:371-439. [PMID: 36858741 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signaling is versatile communication network in the cell. Stimuli perceived by cells are transposed through Ca2+-signature, and are decoded by plethora of Ca2+ sensors present in the cell. Calmodulin, calmodulin-like proteins, Ca2+-dependent protein kinases and calcineurin B-like proteins are major classes of proteins that decode the Ca2+ signature and serve in the propagation of signals to different parts of cells by targeting downstream proteins. These decoders and their targets work together to elicit responses against diverse stress stimuli. Over a period of time, significant attempts have been made to characterize as well as summarize elements of this signaling machinery. We begin with a structural overview and amalgamate the newly identified Ca2+ sensor protein in plants. Their ability to bind Ca2+, undergo conformational changes, and how it facilitates binding to a wide variety of targets is further embedded. Subsequently, we summarize the recent progress made on the functional characterization of Ca2+ sensing machinery and in particular their target proteins in stress signaling. We have focused on the physiological role of Ca2+, the Ca2+ sensing machinery, and the mode of regulation on their target proteins during plant stress adaptation. Additionally, we also discuss the role of these decoders and their mode of regulation on the target proteins during abiotic, hormone signaling and biotic stress responses in plants. Finally, here, we have enumerated the limitations and challenges in the Ca2+ signaling. This article will greatly enable in understanding the current picture of plant response and adaptation during diverse stimuli through the lens of Ca2+ signaling.
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16
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Melicher P, Dvořák P, Šamaj J, Takáč T. Protein-protein interactions in plant antioxidant defense. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1035573. [PMID: 36589041 PMCID: PMC9795235 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1035573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in plants is ensured by mechanisms preventing their over accumulation, and by diverse antioxidants, including enzymes and nonenzymatic compounds. These are affected by redox conditions, posttranslational modifications, transcriptional and posttranscriptional modifications, Ca2+, nitric oxide (NO) and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Recent knowledge about protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of antioxidant enzymes advanced during last decade. The best-known examples are interactions mediated by redox buffering proteins such as thioredoxins and glutaredoxins. This review summarizes interactions of major antioxidant enzymes with regulatory and signaling proteins and their diverse functions. Such interactions are important for stability, degradation and activation of interacting partners. Moreover, PPIs of antioxidant enzymes may connect diverse metabolic processes with ROS scavenging. Proteins like receptor for activated C kinase 1 may ensure coordination of antioxidant enzymes to ensure efficient ROS regulation. Nevertheless, PPIs in antioxidant defense are understudied, and intensive research is required to define their role in complex regulation of ROS scavenging.
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17
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The calcium signaling module CaM-IQM destabilizes IAA-ARF interaction to regulate callus and lateral root formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202669119. [PMID: 35763576 PMCID: PMC9271181 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202669119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of a pluripotent cell mass, called callus, from detached organs is an initial step in in vitro plant regeneration, during which phytohormone auxin-induced ectopic activation of a root developmental program has been shown to be required for subsequent de novo regeneration of shoots and roots. However, whether other signals are involved in governing callus formation, and thus plant regeneration capability, remains largely unclear. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis calcium (Ca2+) signaling module CALMODULIN IQ-MOTIF CONTAINING PROTEIN (CaM-IQM) interacts with auxin signaling to regulate callus and lateral root formation. We show that disruption of IQMs or CaMs retards auxin-induced callus and lateral root formation by dampening auxin responsiveness, and that CaM-IQM complexes physically interact with the auxin signaling repressors INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID INDUCIBLE (IAA) proteins in a Ca2+-dependent manner. We further provide evidence that the physical interaction of CaM6 with IAA19 destabilizes the repressive interaction of IAA19 with AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 7 (ARF7), and thus regulates auxin-induced callus formation. These findings not only define a critical role of CaM-IQM-mediated Ca2+ signaling in callus and lateral root formation, but also provide insight into the interplay of Ca2+ signaling and auxin actions during plant regeneration and development.
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18
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Grover S, Cardona JB, Zogli P, Alvarez S, Naldrett MJ, Sattler SE, Louis J. Reprogramming of sorghum proteome in response to sugarcane aphid infestation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 320:111289. [PMID: 35643611 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane aphid (SCA; Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner) is a key piercing-sucking pest of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) that cause significant yield losses. While feeding on host plants, complex signaling networks are invoked from recognition of insect attack to induction of plant defenses. Consequently, these signaling networks lead to the production of insecticidal compounds or limited access of nutrients to insects. Previously, several studies were published on the transcriptomics analysis of sorghum in response to SCA infestation, but no information is available on the physiological changes of sorghum at the proteome level. We used the SCA resistant sorghum genotype SC265 for the global proteomics analysis after 1 and 7 days of SCA infestation using the TMT-plex technique. Peptides matching a total of 4211 proteins were identified and 158 proteins were differentially expressed at day 1 and 7. Overall, proteome profiling of SC265 after SCA infestation at days 1 and 7 revealed the suppression of plant defense-related proteins and upregulation of plant defense and signaling-related proteins, respectively. The plant defense responses based on proteome data were validated using electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique to observe changes in aphid feeding. Feeding behavior analyses revealed that SCA spent significantly longer time in phloem phase on SCA infested plants for day 1 and lesser time in day 7 SCA infested sorghum plants, compared to their respective control plants. Overall, our study provides insights into underlying mechanisms that contribute to sorghum resistance to SCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjan Grover
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | | | - Prince Zogli
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Sophie Alvarez
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Nebraska Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Michael J Naldrett
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Nebraska Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Scott E Sattler
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Joe Louis
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68583, USA.
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19
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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Leads to Differential Regulation of Genes and miRNAs Associated with the Cell Wall in Tomato Leaves. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060854. [PMID: 35741375 PMCID: PMC9219611 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is an association that provides nutritional benefits to plants. Importantly, it induces a physiological state allowing plants to respond to a subsequent pathogen attack in a more rapid and intense manner. Consequently, mycorrhiza-colonized plants become less susceptible to root and shoot pathogens. This study aimed to identify some of the molecular players and potential mechanisms related to the onset of defense priming by mycorrhiza colonization, as well as miRNAs that may act as regulators of priming genes. The upregulation of cellulose synthases, pectinesterase inhibitors, and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase, as well as the downregulation of a pectinesterase, suggest that the modification and reinforcement of the cell wall may prime the leaves of mycorrhizal plants to react faster and stronger to subsequent pathogen attack. This was confirmed by the findings of miR164a-3p, miR164a-5p, miR171e-5p, and miR397, which target genes and are also related to the biosynthesis or modification of cell wall components. Our findings support the hypothesis that the reinforcement or remodeling of the cell wall and cuticle could participate in the priming mechanism triggered by mycorrhiza colonization, by strengthening the first physical barriers upstream of the pathogen encounter.
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20
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Zhu L, Yang Q, Yu X, Fu X, Jin H, Yuan F. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal a Potential Mechanism to Improve Soybean Resistance to Anthracnose. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:850829. [PMID: 35574068 PMCID: PMC9094087 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.850829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum truncatum, leads to large-scale reduction in quality and yield in soybean production. Limited information is available regarding the molecular mechanisms of resistance to anthracnose in soybean. We conducted a transcriptomic and targeted metabolomic analysis of pods from two soybean lines, "Zhechun No. 3" (ZC3) and ZC-2, in response to C. truncatum infection. Factors contributing to the enhanced resistance of ZC-2 to anthracnose compared with that of ZC3, included signal transduction (jasmonic acid, auxin, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Ca2+ signaling), transcription factors (WRKY and bHLH), resistance genes (PTI1, RPP13, RGA2, RPS6, and ULP2B), pathogenesis-related genes (chitinase and lipid transfer protein), and terpenoid metabolism. Targeted metabolomic analysis revealed that terpenoid metabolism responded more promptly and more intensely to C. truncatum infection in ZC-2 than in ZC3. In vitro antifungal activity and resistance induction test confirmed that jasmonic acid, auxin signaling and terpenoids played important roles in soybean resistance to anthracnose. This research is the first study to explore the molecular mechanisms of soybean resistance to anthracnose. The findings are important for in-depth analysis of molecular resistance mechanisms, discovery of resistance genes, and to expedite the breeding of anthracnose-resistant soybean cultivars.
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21
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Li C, Xu M, Cai X, Han Z, Si J, Chen D. Jasmonate Signaling Pathway Modulates Plant Defense, Growth, and Their Trade-Offs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073945. [PMID: 35409303 PMCID: PMC8999811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-derived jasmonates (JAs) play a crucial role in a variety of plant development and defense mechanisms. In recent years, significant progress has been made toward understanding the JA signaling pathway. In this review, we discuss JA biosynthesis, as well as its core signaling pathway, termination mechanisms, and the evolutionary origin of JA signaling. JA regulates not only plant regeneration, reproductive growth, and vegetative growth but also the responses of plants to stresses, including pathogen as well as virus infection, herbivore attack, and abiotic stresses. We also focus on the JA signaling pathway, considering its crosstalk with the gibberellin (GA), auxin, and phytochrome signaling pathways for mediation of the trade-offs between growth and defense. In summary, JA signals regulate multiple outputs of plant defense and growth and act to balance growth and defense in order to adapt to complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (D.C.)
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22
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Saini DK, Chahal A, Pal N, Srivastava P, Gupta PK. Meta-analysis reveals consensus genomic regions associated with multiple disease resistance in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2022; 42:11. [PMID: 37309411 PMCID: PMC10248701 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-022-01282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In wheat, meta-QTLs (MQTLs) and candidate genes (CGs) were identified for multiple disease resistance (MDR). For this purpose, information was collected from 58 studies for mapping QTLs for resistance to one or more of the five diseases. As many as 493 QTLs were available from these studies, which were distributed in five diseases as follows: septoria tritici blotch (STB) 126 QTLs; septoria nodorum blotch (SNB), 103 QTLs; fusarium head blight (FHB), 184 QTLs; karnal bunt (KB), 66 QTLs; and loose smut (LS), 14 QTLs. Of these 493 QTLs, only 291 QTLs could be projected onto a consensus genetic map, giving 63 MQTLs. The CI of the MQTLs ranged from 0.04 to 15.31 cM with an average of 3.09 cM per MQTL. This is a ~ 4.39 fold reduction from the CI of QTLs, which ranged from 0 to 197.6 cM, with a mean of 13.57 cM. Of 63 MQTLs, 60 were anchored to the reference physical map of wheat (the physical interval of these MQTLs ranged from 0.30 to 726.01 Mb with an average of 74.09 Mb). Thirty-eight (38) of these MQTLs were verified using marker-trait associations (MTAs) derived from genome-wide association studies. As many as 874 CGs were also identified which were further investigated for differential expression using data from five transcriptome studies, resulting in 194 differentially expressed candidate genes (DECGs). Among the DECGs, 85 genes had functions previously reported to be associated with disease resistance. These results should prove useful for fine mapping and cloning of MDR genes and marker-assisted breeding. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-022-01282-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab-141004 India
| | - Amneek Chahal
- College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab-141004 India
| | - Neeraj Pal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, G. B. Pant, University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttrakhand-263145 India
| | - Puja Srivastava
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab-141004 India
| | - Pushpendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004 India
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23
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Liu HL, Harris AJ, Wang ZF, Chen HF, Li ZA, Wei X. The genome of the Paleogene relic tree Bretschneidera sinensis: insights into trade-offs in gene family evolution, demographic history, and adaptive SNPs. DNA Res 2022; 29:6523039. [PMID: 35137004 PMCID: PMC8825261 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among relic species, genomic information may provide the key to inferring their long-term survival. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the genome of the Paleogene relic tree species, Bretschneidera sinensis, which is a rare endemic species within southeastern Asia. Specifically, we assembled a high-quality genome for B. sinensis using PacBio high-fidelity and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture reads and annotated it with long and short RNA sequencing reads. Using the genome, we then detected a trade-off between active and passive disease defences among the gene families. Gene families involved in salicylic acid and MAPK signalling pathways expanded as active defence mechanisms against disease, but families involved in terpene synthase activity as passive defences contracted. When inferring the long evolutionary history of B. sinensis, we detected population declines corresponding to historical climate change around the Eocene–Oligocene transition and to climatic fluctuations in the Quaternary. Additionally, based on this genome, we identified 388 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were likely under selection, and showed diverse functions in growth and stress responses. Among them, we further found 41 climate-associated SNPs. The genome of B. sinensis and the SNP dataset will be important resources for understanding extinction/diversification processes using comparative genomics in different lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - A J Harris
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Zheng-Feng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.,Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.,Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Hong-Feng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Zhi-An Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.,Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.,Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, 541006, China
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24
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Raman R, Warren A, Krysinska-Kaczmarek M, Rohan M, Sharma N, Dron N, Davidson J, Moore K, Hobson K. Genome-Wide Association Analyses Track Genomic Regions for Resistance to Ascochyta rabiei in Australian Chickpea Breeding Germplasm. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:877266. [PMID: 35665159 PMCID: PMC9159299 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.877266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ascochyta blight (AB), caused by a necrotrophic fungus, Ascochyta rabiei (syn. Phoma rabiei) has the potential to destroy the chickpea industry worldwide, due to limited sources of genetic resistance in the cultivated gene pool, high evolutionary potential of the pathogen and challenges with integrated disease management. Therefore, the deployment of stable genetic resistance in new cultivars could provide an effective disease control strategy. To investigate the genetic basis of AB resistance, genotyping-by-sequencing based DArTseq-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker data along with phenotypic data of 251 advanced breeding lines and chickpea cultivars were used to perform genome-wide association (GWAS) analysis. Host resistance was evaluated seven weeks after sowing using two highly aggressive single spore isolates (F17191-1 and TR9571) of A. rabiei. GWAS analyses based on single-locus and multi-locus mixed models and haplotyping trend regression identified twenty-six genomic regions on Ca1, Ca4, and Ca6 that showed significant association with resistance to AB. Two haplotype blocks (HB) on chromosome Ca1; HB5 (992178-1108145 bp), and HB8 (1886221-1976301 bp) were associated with resistance against both isolates. Nine HB on the chromosome, Ca4, spanning a large genomic region (14.9-56.6 Mbp) were also associated with resistance, confirming the role of this chromosome in providing resistance to AB. Furthermore, trait-marker associations in two F3 derived populations for resistance to TR9571 isolate at the seedling stage under glasshouse conditions were also validated. Eighty-nine significantly associated SNPs were located within candidate genes, including genes encoding for serine/threonine-protein kinase, Myb protein, quinone oxidoreductase, and calmodulin-binding protein all of which are implicated in disease resistance. Taken together, this study identifies valuable sources of genetic resistance, SNP markers and candidate genes underlying genomic regions associated with AB resistance which may enable chickpea breeding programs to make genetic gains via marker-assisted/genomic selection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosy Raman
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Rosy Raman,
| | - Annie Warren
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, Tamworth, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Maheswaran Rohan
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Niharika Sharma
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange Agricultural Institute, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole Dron
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, Tamworth, NSW, Australia
| | - Jenny Davidson
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | - Kevin Moore
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, Tamworth, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristy Hobson
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, Tamworth, NSW, Australia
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Zhao J, Sun Q, Quentin M, Ling J, Abad P, Zhang X, Li Y, Yang Y, Favery B, Mao Z, Xie B. A Meloidogyne incognita C-type lectin effector targets plant catalases to promote parasitism. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:2124-2137. [PMID: 34449897 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., secrete effectors to modulate plant immune responses and establish a parasitic relationship with host plants. However, the functions and plant targets of C-type lectin (CTL)-like effectors of Meloidogyne incognita remain unknown. Here, we characterized a CTL-like effector of M. incognita, MiCTL1a, and identified its target and role in nematode parasitism. In situ hybridization demonstrated the expression of MiCTL1 in the subventral glands; and in planta, immunolocalization showed its secretion during M. incognita parasitism. Virus-induced gene silencing of the MiCTL1 reduced the infection ability of M. incognita in Nicotiana benthamiana. The ectopic expression in Arabidopsis not only increased susceptibility to M. incognita but also promoted root growth. Yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that MiCTL1a interacts with Arabidopsis catalases, which play essential roles in hydrogen peroxide homeostasis. Knockout or overexpression of catalases showed either increased or reduced susceptibility to M. incognita, respectively. Moreover, MiCTL1a not only reduced catalase activity in vitro and in planta but also modulated stress-related gene expressions in Arabidopsis. Our data suggest that MiCTL1a interacts with plant catalases and interferes with catalase activity, allowing M. incognita to establish a parasitic relationship with its host by fine-tuning responses mediated by reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Zhao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Michaël Quentin
- INRAE, CNRS, ISA, Université Côte d'Azur, Sophia Antipolis, F-06903, France
| | - Jian Ling
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Pierre Abad
- INRAE, CNRS, ISA, Université Côte d'Azur, Sophia Antipolis, F-06903, France
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
- Chifeng University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, 024099, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bruno Favery
- INRAE, CNRS, ISA, Université Côte d'Azur, Sophia Antipolis, F-06903, France
| | - Zhenchuan Mao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bingyan Xie
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081, China
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26
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Zhang Y, Song R, Yuan H, Li T, Wang L, Lu K, Guo J, Liu W. Overexpressing the N-terminus of CATALASE2 enhances plant jasmonic acid biosynthesis and resistance to necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea B05.10. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:1226-1238. [PMID: 34247446 PMCID: PMC8435237 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) acts antagonistically to jasmonic acid (JA) in plant immunity. We previously reported that CATALASE2 (CAT2) promotes JA-biosynthetic acyl-CoA oxidase (ACX) activity to enhance plant resistance to necrotrophic Botrytis cinerea, and SA represses JA biosynthesis through inhibiting CAT2 activity, while the underlying mechanism remains to be further elucidated. Here, we report that the truncated CAT2 N-terminus (CAT2-N) interacts with and promotes ACX2/3, and CAT2-N-overexpressing plants have increased JA accumulation and enhanced resistance to B. cinerea B05.10, but compromised antagonism of SA on JA. Catalase inhibitor treatment or mutating CAT2 active amino acids abolished CAT2 H2 O2 -decomposing activity but did not affect its promotion of ACX2/3 activity via interaction. CAT2-N, a truncated protein with no catalase activity, interacted with and promoted ACX2/3. Overexpressing CAT2-N in Arabidopsis plants resulted in increased ACX activity, higher JA accumulation, and stronger resistance to B. cinerea B05.10 infection. Additionally, SA dramatically repressed JA biosynthesis and resistance to B. cinerea in the wild type but not in the CAT2-N-overexpressing plants. Together, our study reveals that CAT2-N can be utilized as an accelerator for JA biosynthesis during plant resistance to B. cinerea B05.10, and this truncated protein partly relieves SA repression of JA biosynthesis in plant defence responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and ImprovementSchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Ru‐Feng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and ImprovementSchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Hong‐Mei Yuan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Ting‐Ting Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound ScreeningJiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungangChina
| | - Lin‐Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and ImprovementSchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Kai‐Kai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and ImprovementSchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Jia‐Xing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and ImprovementSchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
| | - Wen‐Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and ImprovementSchool of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengChina
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27
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Fan T, Lv T, Xie C, Zhou Y, Tian C. Genome-Wide Analysis of the IQM Gene Family in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10091949. [PMID: 34579481 PMCID: PMC8469326 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Members of the IQM (IQ-Motif Containing) gene family are involved in plant growth and developmental processes, biotic and abiotic stress response. To systematically analyze the IQM gene family and their expression profiles under diverse biotic and abiotic stresses, we identified 8 IQM genes in the rice genome. In the current study, the whole genome identification and characterization of OsIQMs, including the gene and protein structure, genome localization, phylogenetic relationship, gene expression and yeast two-hybrid were performed. Eight IQM genes were classified into three subfamilies (I-III) according to the phylogenetic analysis. Gene structure and protein motif analyses showed that these IQM genes are relatively conserved within each subfamily of rice. The 8 OsIQM genes are distributed on seven out of the twelve chromosomes, with three IQM gene pairs involved in segmental duplication events. The evolutionary patterns analysis revealed that the IQM genes underwent a large-scale event within the last 20 to 9 million years. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR analysis of eight OsIQMs genes displayed different expression patterns at different developmental stages and in different tissues as well as showed that most IQM genes were responsive to PEG, NaCl, jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA) treatment, suggesting their crucial roles in biotic, and abiotic stress response. Additionally, a yeast two-hybrid assay showed that OsIQMs can interact with OsCaMs, and the IQ motif of OsIQMs is required for OsIQMs to combine with OsCaMs. Our results will be valuable to further characterize the important biological functions of rice IQM genes.
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28
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Yan Y, Wang P, Wei Y, Bai Y, Lu Y, Zeng H, Liu G, Reiter RJ, He C, Shi H. The dual interplay of RAV5 in activating nitrate reductases and repressing catalase activity to improve disease resistance in cassava. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:785-800. [PMID: 33128298 PMCID: PMC8051611 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cassava bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam) seriously affects cassava yield. Nitrate reductase (NR) plays an important role in plant nitrogen metabolism in plants. However, the in vivo role of NR and the corresponding signalling pathway remain unclear in cassava. In this study, we isolated MeNR1/2 and revealed their novel upstream transcription factor MeRAV5. We also identified MeCatalase1 (MeCAT1) as the interacting protein of MeRAV5. In addition, we investigated the role of MeCatalase1 and MeRAV5-MeNR1/2 module in cassava defence response. MeNRs positively regulates cassava disease resistance against CBB through modulation of nitric oxide (NO) and extensive transcriptional reprogramming especially in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling. Notably, MeRAV5 positively regulates cassava disease resistance through the coordination of NO and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) level. On the one hand, MeRAV5 directly activates the transcripts of MeNRs and NO level by binding to CAACA motif in the promoters of MeNRs. On the other hand, MeRAV5 interacts with MeCAT1 to inhibit its activity, so as to negatively regulate endogenous H2 O2 level. This study highlights the precise coordination of NR activity and CAT activity by MeRAV5 through directly activating MeNRs and interacting with MeCAT1 in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Peng Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Yunxie Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Yujing Bai
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Yi Lu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Hongqiu Zeng
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Guoyin Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Anatomy and Cell SystemUT Health San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA
| | - Chaozu He
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesCollege of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
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Mani SD, Pandey S, Govindan M, Muthamilarasan M, Nagarathnam R. Transcriptome dynamics underlying elicitor-induced defense responses against Septoria leaf spot disease of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:873-888. [PMID: 33967469 PMCID: PMC8055812 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00970-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Elicitor-induced defense response against potential plant pathogens has been widely reported in several crop plants; however, transcriptome dynamics underlying such defense response remains elusive. Our previous study identified and characterized a novel elicitor, κ-carrageenan, from Kappaphycus alvarezii, a marine red seaweed. Our preliminary studies have shown that the elicitor-treatment enhances the tolerance of a susceptible tomato cultivar to Septoria lycopersici (causative agent of leaf spot disease). To gain further insights into the genes regulated during elicitor treatment followed by pathogen infection, we have performed RNA-Seq experiments under different treatments, namely, control (untreated and uninfected), elicitor treatment, pathogen infection alone, and elicitor treatment followed by pathogen infection. To validate the results, forty-three genes belonging to five different classes, namely, ROS activating and detoxifying enzyme encoding genes, DEAD-box RNA helicase genes, autophagy-related genes, cysteine proteases, and pathogenesis-related genes, were chosen. Expression profiling of each gene was performed using qRT-PCR, and the data was correlated with the RNA-seq data. Altogether, the study has pinpointed a repertoire of genes that could be potential candidates for further functional characterization to provide insights into novel elicitor-induced fungal defense and develop transgenic lines resistant to foliar diseases. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-00970-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumithra Devi Mani
- Unit of Plant Pathology, Center for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Tamil Nadu, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025 India
| | - Saurabh Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067 India
| | - Muthukumar Govindan
- Unit of Plant Pathology, Center for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Tamil Nadu, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025 India
| | - Mehanathan Muthamilarasan
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046 Telangana India
| | - Radhakrishnan Nagarathnam
- Unit of Plant Pathology, Center for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Tamil Nadu, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025 India
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30
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Peng T, Kang JL, Xiong XT, Cheng FT, Zhou XJ, Dai WS, Wang M, Li ZY, Su HN, Zhong BL. Integrated Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analyses Provide Insights Into the Response of Chongyi Wild Mandarin to Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus Infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:748209. [PMID: 34721476 PMCID: PMC8551615 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.748209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) is the causative agent of Huanglongbing (HLB), which has caused great economic losses to the citrus industry. The molecular mechanism of the host response to CLas in wild citrus germplasm has been reported less. Eighteen weeks after inoculation via grafting, all the CLas-inoculated Chongyi wild mandarin (Citrus reticulata) were positive and showed severe anatomical aberrations, suggesting its susceptibility to HLB. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses of leaves, barks, and roots from mock-inoculated (control) and CLas-inoculated seedlings were performed. Comparative transcriptomics identified 3,628, 3,770, and 1,716 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CLas-infected and healthy tissues in the leaves, barks, and roots, respectively. The CLas-infected tissues had higher transcripts per kilobase per million values and more genes that reached their maximal expression, suggesting that HLB might cause an overall increase in transcript accumulation. However, HLB-triggered transcriptional alteration showed tissue specificity. In the CLas-infected leaves, many DEGs encoding immune receptors were downregulated. In the CLas-infected barks, nearly all the DEGs involved in signaling and plant-pathogen interaction were upregulated. In the CLas-infected roots, DEGs encoding enzymes or transporters involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism were downregulated. Metabolomics identified 71, 62, and 50 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in the CLas-infected leaves, barks and roots, respectively. By associating DEGs with DAMs, nitrogen metabolism was the only pathway shared by the three infected tissues and was depressed in the CLas-infected roots. In addition, 26 genes were determined as putative markers of CLas infection, and a hypothesized model for the HLB susceptibility mechanism in Chongyi was proposed. Our study may shed light on investigating the molecular mechanism of the host response to CLas infection in wild citrus germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Peng
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Peng orcid.org/0000-0002-3084-6328
| | - Jing-Liang Kang
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- China-USA Citrus Huanglongbing Joint Laboratory, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xin-Ting Xiong
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fang-Ting Cheng
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhou
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wen-Shan Dai
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- China-USA Citrus Huanglongbing Joint Laboratory, Ganzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- China-USA Citrus Huanglongbing Joint Laboratory, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Yang Li
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hua-Nan Su
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ba-Lian Zhong
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- Ba-Lian Zhong
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Yang Y, Wang X, Chen P, Zhou K, Xue W, Abid K, Chen S. Redox Status, JA and ET Signaling Pathway Regulating Responses to Botrytis cinerea Infection Between the Resistant Cucumber Genotype and Its Susceptible Mutant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:559070. [PMID: 33101327 PMCID: PMC7546314 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.559070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is an important necrotrophic fungal pathogen with a broad host range and the ability to causing great economic losses in cucumber. However, the resistance mechanism against this pathogen in cucumber was not well understood. In this study, the microscopic observation of the spore growth, redox status measurements and transcriptome analysis were carried out after Botrytis cinerea infection in the resistant genotype No.26 and its susceptible mutant 26M. Results revealed shorter hypha, lower rate of spore germination, less acceleration of H2O2, O2 -, and lower total glutathione content (GSH+GSSG) in No.26 than that in 26M, which were identified by the staining result of DAB and NBT. Transcriptome data showed that after pathogen infection, a total of 3901 and 789 different expression genes (DEGs) were identified in No.26 and 26M respectively. These DEGs were highly enriched in redox regulation pathway, hormone signaling pathway and plant-pathogen interaction pathway. The glutathione S-transferase genes, putative peroxidase gene, and NADPH oxidase were up-regulated in No.26 whereas these genes changed little in 26M after Botrytis cinerea infection. Jasmonic acid and ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathways were distinctively activated in No.26 comparing with 26M upon infection. Much more plant defense related genes including mitogen-activated protein kinases, calmodulin, calmodulin-like protein, calcium-dependent protein kinase, and WRKY transcription factor were induced in No.26 than 26M after pathogen infection. Finally, a model was established which elucidated the resistance difference between resistant cucumber genotype and susceptible mutant after B. cinerea infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, China
| | - Xuewei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, China
| | - Panpan Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, China
| | - Keke Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, China
| | - Wanyu Xue
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, China
| | - Kan Abid
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Shuxia Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Yangling, China
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Jiao F, Luo R, Dai X, Liu H, Yu G, Han S, Lu X, Su C, Chen Q, Song Q, Meng C, Li F, Sun H, Zhang R, Hui T, Qian Y, Zhao A, Jiang Y. Chromosome-Level Reference Genome and Population Genomic Analysis Provide Insights into the Evolution and Improvement of Domesticated Mulberry (Morus alba). MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:1001-1012. [PMID: 32422187 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus spp.) is the sole plant consumed by the domesticated silkworm. However, the genome of domesticated mulberry has not yet been sequenced, and the ploidy level of this species remains unclear. Here, we report a high-quality, chromosome-level domesticated mulberry (Morus alba) genome. Analysis of genomic data and karyotype analyses confirmed that M. alba is a diploid with 28 chromosomes (2n = 2x = 28). Population genomic analysis based on resequencing of 134 mulberry accessions classified domesticated mulberry into three geographical groups, namely, Taihu Basin of southeastern China (Hu mulberry), northern and southwestern China, and Japan. Hu mulberry had the lowest nucleotide diversity among these accessions and demonstrated obvious signatures of selection associated with environmental adaptation. Further phylogenetic analysis supports a previous proposal that multiple domesticated mulberry accessions previously classified as different species actually belong to one species. This study expands our understanding of genome evolution of the genus Morus and population structure of domesticated mulberry, which would facilitate mulberry breeding and improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiao
- The Sericultural and Silk Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Rongsong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Xuelei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hui Liu
- The Sericultural and Silk Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Gang Yu
- The Sericultural and Silk Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shuhua Han
- The Sericultural and Silk Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xin Lu
- The Sericultural and Silk Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chao Su
- The Sericultural and Silk Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qi Chen
- The Sericultural and Silk Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qinxia Song
- The Sericultural and Silk Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Caiting Meng
- The Sericultural and Silk Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Fanghong Li
- The Sericultural and Silk Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hongmei Sun
- The Sericultural and Silk Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- The Sericultural and Silk Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Tian Hui
- The Sericultural and Silk Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yonghua Qian
- The Sericultural and Silk Research Institute, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Aichun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chong Qing 400716, China.
| | - Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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CaCML13 Acts Positively in Pepper Immunity Against Ralstonia solanacearum Infection Forming Feedback Loop with CabZIP63. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114186. [PMID: 32545368 PMCID: PMC7312559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-signaling—which requires the presence of calcium sensors such as calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like (CML) proteins—is crucial for the regulation of plant immunity against pathogen attack. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, especially the roles of CMLs involved in plant immunity remains largely uninvestigated. In the present study, CaCML13, a calmodulin-like protein of pepper that was originally found to be upregulated by Ralstonia solanacearum inoculation (RSI) in RNA-seq, was functionally characterized in immunity against RSI. CaCML13 was found to target the whole epidermal cell including plasma membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus. We also confirmed that CaCML13 was upregulated by RSI in pepper roots by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The silencing of CaCML13 significantly enhanced pepper plants’ susceptibility to RSI accompanied with downregulation of immunity-related CaPR1, CaNPR1, CaDEF1 and CabZIP63. In contrast, CaCML13 transient overexpression induced clear hypersensitivity-reaction (HR)-mimicked cell death and upregulation of the tested immunity-related genes. In addition, we also revealed that the G-box-containing CaCML13 promoter was bound by CabZIP63 and CaCML13 was positively regulated by CabZIP63 at transcriptional level. Our data collectively indicate that CaCML13 act as a positive regulator in pepper immunity against RSI forming a positive feedback loop with CabZIP63.
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