1
|
Petushkova E, Mayorova E, Tsygankov A. TCA Cycle Replenishing Pathways in Photosynthetic Purple Non-Sulfur Bacteria Growing with Acetate. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:711. [PMID: 34357087 PMCID: PMC8307300 DOI: 10.3390/life11070711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) are anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria harnessing simple organic acids as electron donors. PNSB produce a-aminolevulinic acid, polyhydroxyalcanoates, bacteriochlorophylls a and b, ubiquinones, and other valuable compounds. They are highly promising producers of molecular hydrogen. PNSB can be cultivated in organic waste waters, such as wastes after fermentation. In most cases, wastes mainly contain acetic acid. Therefore, understanding the anaplerotic pathways in PNSB is crucial for their potential application as producers of biofuels. The present review addresses the recent data on presence and diversity of anaplerotic pathways in PNSB and describes different classifications of these pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Petushkova
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Institute of Basic Biological Problems Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Institutskaya Str, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; (E.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Ekaterina Mayorova
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Institute of Basic Biological Problems Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Institutskaya Str, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; (E.P.); (E.M.)
- Pushchino State Institute of Natural Science, The Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, 3, Prospekt Nauki, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Anatoly Tsygankov
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Institute of Basic Biological Problems Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Institutskaya Str, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; (E.P.); (E.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carius L, Hädicke O, Grammel H. Stepwise reduction of the culture redox potential allows the analysis of microaerobic metabolism and photosynthetic membrane synthesis inRhodospirillum rubrum. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 110:573-85. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
3
|
The poor growth of Rhodospirillum rubrum mutants lacking RubisCO is due to the accumulation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. J Bacteriol 2011; 193:3293-303. [PMID: 21531802 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00265-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) catalyzes the first step of CO(2) fixation in the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle. Besides its function in fixing CO(2) to support photoautotrophic growth, the CBB cycle is also important under photoheterotrophic growth conditions in purple nonsulfur photosynthetic bacteria. It has been assumed that the poor photoheterotrophic growth of RubisCO-deficient strains was due to the accumulation of excess intracellular reductant, which implied that the CBB cycle is important for maintaining the redox balance under these conditions. However, we present analyses of cbbM mutants in Rhodospirillum rubrum that indicate that toxicity is the result of an elevated intracellular pool of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP). There is a redox effect on growth, but it is apparently an indirect effect on the accumulation of RuBP, perhaps by the regulation of the activities of enzymes involved in RuBP regeneration. Our studies also show that the CBB cycle is not essential for R. rubrum to grow under photoheterotrophic conditions and that its role in controlling the redox balance needs to be further elucidated. Finally, we also show that CbbR is a positive transcriptional regulator of the cbb operon (cbbEFPT) in R. rubrum, as seen with related organisms, and define the transcriptional organization of the cbb genes.
Collapse
|
4
|
Selao TT, Branca R, Chae PS, Lehtiö J, Gellman SH, Rasmussen SGF, Nordlund S, Norén A. Identification of chromatophore membrane protein complexes formed under different nitrogen availability conditions in Rhodospirillum rubrum. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:2703-14. [PMID: 21443180 DOI: 10.1021/pr100838x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The chromatophore membrane of the photosynthetic diazotroph Rhodospirillum rubrum is of vital importance for a number of central processes, including nitrogen fixation. Using a novel amphiphile, we have identified protein complexes present under different nitrogen availability conditions by the use of two-dimensional Blue Native/SDS-PAGE and NSI-LC-LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. We have identified several membrane protein complexes, including components of the ATP synthase, reaction center, light harvesting, and NADH dehydrogenase complexes. Additionally, we have identified differentially expressed proteins, such as subunits of the succinate dehydrogenase complex and other TCA cycle enzymes that are usually found in the cytosol, thus hinting at a possible association to the membrane in response to nitrogen deficiency. We propose a redox sensing mechanism that can influence the membrane subproteome in response to nitrogen availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Toscano Selao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Teixeira PF, Selao TT, Henriksson V, Wang H, Norén A, Nordlund S. Diazotrophic growth of Rhodospirillum rubrum with 2-oxoglutarate as sole carbon source affects regulation of nitrogen metabolism as well as the soluble proteome. Res Microbiol 2010; 161:651-9. [PMID: 20600859 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
2-Oxoglutarate plays a central role as a signal in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism in the phototrophic diazotroph Rhodospirillum rubrum. In order to further study the role of this metabolite, we have constructed an R. rubrum strain that has the capacity to grow on 2-oxoglutarate as sole carbon source, in contrast to wild-type R. rubrum. This strain has the same growth characteristics as wild-type with malate as carbon source, but showed clear metabolic differences when 2-oxoglutarate was used. Among other things, the regulation of nitrogen metabolism is altered, which can be related to different modification profiles of the regulatory PII proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Filipe Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Selao TT, Nordlund S, Norén A. Comparative Proteomic Studies in Rhodospirillum rubrum Grown under Different Nitrogen Conditions. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:3267-75. [DOI: 10.1021/pr700771u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago T. Selao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Sweden
| | - Stefan Nordlund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Sweden
| | - Agneta Norén
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Buchanan BB, Arnon DI. Ferredoxins: chemistry and function in photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and fermentative metabolism. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 33:119-76. [PMID: 4393906 DOI: 10.1002/9780470122785.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
8
|
Dubbs P, Dubbs JM, Tabita FR. Effector-mediated interaction of CbbRI and CbbRII regulators with target sequences in Rhodobacter capsulatus. J Bacteriol 2004; 186:8026-35. [PMID: 15547275 PMCID: PMC529060 DOI: 10.1128/jb.186.23.8026-8035.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Rhodobacter capsulatus, genes encoding enzymes of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham reductive pentose phosphate pathway are located in the cbb(I) and cbb(II) operons. Each operon contains a divergently transcribed LysR-type transcriptional activator (CbbR(I) and CbbR(II)) that regulates the expression of its cognate cbb promoter in response to an as yet unidentified effector molecule(s). Both CbbR(I) and CbbR(II) were purified, and the ability of a variety of potential effector molecules to induce changes in their DNA binding properties at their target promoters was assessed. The responses of CbbR(I) and CbbR(II) to potential effectors were not identical. In gel mobility shift assays, the affinity of both CbbR(I) and CbbR(II) for their target promoters was enhanced in the presence of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP), phosphoenolpyruvate, 3-phosphoglycerate, 2-phosphoglycolate. ATP, 2-phosphoglycerate, and KH(2)PO(4) were found to enhance only CbbR(I) binding, while fructose-1,6-bisphosphate enhanced the binding of only CbbR(II). The DNase I footprint of CbbR(I) was reduced in the presence of RuBP, while reductions in the CbbR(II) DNase I footprint were induced by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, 3-phosphoglycerate, and KH(2)PO(4). The current in vitro results plus recent in vivo studies suggest that CbbR-mediated regulation of cbb transcription is controlled by multiple metabolic signals in R. capsulatus. This control reflects not only intracellular levels of Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle metabolic intermediates but also the fixed (organic) carbon status and energy charge of the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Padungsri Dubbs
- Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University, Payathai, Thailand
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Grammel H, Gilles ED, Ghosh R. Microaerophilic cooperation of reductive and oxidative pathways allows maximal photosynthetic membrane biosynthesis in Rhodospirillum rubrum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 69:6577-86. [PMID: 14602616 PMCID: PMC262267 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.11.6577-6586.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purple nonsulfur bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum has been employed to study physiological adaptation to limiting oxygen tensions (microaerophilic conditions). R. rubrum produces maximal levels of photosynthetic membranes when grown with both succinate and fructose as carbon sources under microaerophilic conditions in comparison to the level (only about 20% of the maximum) seen in the absence of fructose. Employing a unique partial O(2) pressure (pO(2)) control strategy to reliably adjust the oxygen tension to values below 0.5%, we have used bioreactor cultures to investigate the metabolic rationale for this effect. A metabolic profile of the central carbon metabolism of these cultures was obtained by determination of key enzyme activities under microaerophilic as well as aerobic and anaerobic phototrophic conditions. Under aerobic conditions succinate and fructose were consumed simultaneously, whereas oxygen-limiting conditions provoked the preferential breakdown of fructose. Fructose was utilized via the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway. High levels of pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase activity were found to be specific for oxygen-limited cultures. No glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was detected under any conditions. We demonstrate that NADPH is supplied mainly by the pyridine-nucleotide transhydrogenase under oxygen-limiting conditions. The tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes are present at significant levels during microaerophilic growth, albeit at lower levels than those seen under fully aerobic growth conditions. Levels of the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle marker enzyme fumarate reductase were also high under microaerophilic conditions. We propose a model by which the primary "switching" of oxidative and reductive metabolism is performed at the level of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and suggest how this might affect redox signaling and gene expression in R. rubrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Grammel
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, D-39106 Magdeburg, Department of Bioenergetics, Institute for Biology, University of Stuttgart, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
- Corresponding author. Mailing address: Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany. Phone: 49-391-6110-255. Fax: 49-391-6110-527. E-mail:
| | - Ernst-Dieter Gilles
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, D-39106 Magdeburg, Department of Bioenergetics, Institute for Biology, University of Stuttgart, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Robin Ghosh
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, D-39106 Magdeburg, Department of Bioenergetics, Institute for Biology, University of Stuttgart, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria: Physiology and Advances in Hydrogen Production Technology. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
11
|
Cook LS, Tabita FR. Oxygen regulation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity in Rhodospirillum rubrum. J Bacteriol 1988; 170:5468-72. [PMID: 3142846 PMCID: PMC211639 DOI: 10.1128/jb.170.12.5468-5472.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The carboxylase activity of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPC/O) decreased when an anaerobic culture of Rhodospirillum rubrum was exposed to atmospheric levels of oxygen. From 70 to 80% of the activity was lost within 12 to 24 h. Inactivation was apparent when the enzyme was assayed in situ (in whole cells) and when activity was measured in dialyzed crude extracts. The quantity of enzyme protein, as estimated from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels or as quantified immunologically, did not decrease within 24 h of exposure to air. Following extended exposure to aerobic conditions (48 to 72 h), degradation of enzyme occurred. These results indicate that the inactivation of RuBPC/O in R. rubrum may be due to an alteration or modification of the preformed enzyme, followed by eventual degradation of the inactive enzyme. When shifted back to anaerobic conditions (under an argon atmosphere), the RuBPC/O activity increased rapidly. This increase appeared to be due to de novo synthesis of enzyme. The increase in activity was not observed when the culture was maintained in the dark or in the absence of a suitable carbon source. Thus, the oxygen-mediated inactivation of RuBPC/O appeared to be due to some form of irreversible modification. The cloned R. rubrum RuBPC/O gene, expressed in Escherichia coli, yielded functional enzyme that was not affected by oxygen, indicating that inactivation in R. rubrum is mediated by a gene product(s) not found in E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L S Cook
- Center for Applied Microbiology, University of Texas, Austin 78712-1095
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Macler BA, Bassham JA. Carbon allocation in wild-type and Glc+ Rhodobacter sphaeroides under photoheterotrophic conditions. Appl Environ Microbiol 1988; 54:2737-41. [PMID: 3145710 PMCID: PMC204365 DOI: 10.1128/aem.54.11.2737-2741.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides is capable of producing H2 via nitrogenase when grown photoheterotrophically in the absence of N2. By using 14C-labeled malate, it was found that greater than 95% of this substrate was catabolized completely to CO2 during H2 production. About 60% of this catabolism was associated with H2 biosynthesis, while almost 40% provided reductant for other cellular purposes. Thus, only a small fraction of malate provided carbon skeletons. The addition of ammonium, which inhibited nitrogenase activity, increased substrate conversion into carbon skeletons threefold. Catabolism of malate occurred primarily via the tricarboxylic acid cycle, but gluconeogenesis was also observed. The wild-type organism grew poorly on glucose, accumulated gluconate and 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate, and did not produce H2. More than 50% of metabolized glucose appeared in carbon skeletons or in storage compounds. A glucose-utilizing mutant was five times more effective in utilizing this substrate. This mutant produced H2 from glucose, using 74% of metabolized substrate for this purpose. Glucose converted to storage products or to other carbon skeletons was reduced to 8%. Fixation of CO2 competed directly with H2 production for reducing equivalents and ATP. Refixation of CO2 released from these substrates under H2-producing conditions was, at most, 10 to 12%. Addition of ammonium increased refixation of respired CO2 to 83%. Patterns of carbon flow of fixation products were associated with the particular strains and culture conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B A Macler
- Melvin Calvin Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rawal N, Kelkar SM, Altekar W. Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate dependent CO2 fixation in the halophilic archaebacterium, Halobacterium mediterranei. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1988; 156:451-6. [PMID: 3140815 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(88)80862-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The cell extract of Halobacterium mediterranei catalyses incorporation of 14CO2 into 3-phosphoglycerate in the presence of ribulose bisphosphate suggesting the existence of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase activity in this halophilic archaebacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Rawal
- Biochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Jee HS, Ohashi T, Nishizawa Y, Nagai S. Limiting factor of nitrogenase system mediating hydrogen production of Rhodobacter sphaeroides S. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0385-6380(87)90159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
16
|
Abstract
The carbon monoxide dehydrogenase from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum was purified over 600-fold by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, heat treatment, hydroxylapatite chromatography, and preparative scale gel electrophoresis. In vitro, this enzyme catalyzed a two-electron oxidation of CO to form CO2 as the product. The reaction was dependent on the addition of an electron acceptor. The enzyme was oxygen labile, heat stable, and resistant to tryptic and chymotryptic digestion. Optimum in vitro activity occurred at pH 10.0. A sensitive, hemoglobin-based assay for measuring dissolved CO levels is presented. The in vitro Km for CO was determined to be 110 microM. CO, through an unknown mechanism, stimulated hydrogen evolution in whole cells, suggesting the presence of a reversible hydrogenase in R. rubrum which is CO insensitive in vivo.
Collapse
|
17
|
Hoover TR, Ludden PW. Derepression of nitrogenase by addition of malate to cultures of Rhodospirillum rubrum grown with glutamate as the carbon and nitrogen source. J Bacteriol 1984; 159:400-3. [PMID: 6145702 PMCID: PMC215647 DOI: 10.1128/jb.159.1.400-403.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodospirillum rubrum grown in continuous culture with glutamate as the sole fixed C and N source produced no nitrogenase, and the cultures were characterized by high extracellular ammonium concentrations. Addition of organic acids derepressed nitrogenase. Glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, malate dehydrogenase, nitrogenase, and ammonium were assayed before and after malate addition.
Collapse
|
18
|
Sarles LS, Tabita FR. Derepression of the synthesis of D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum. J Bacteriol 1983; 153:458-64. [PMID: 6401286 PMCID: PMC217394 DOI: 10.1128/jb.153.1.458-464.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in Rhodospirillum rubrum was greatly influenced by the conditions of culture. When grown photolithotrophically in an atmosphere containing low levels of CO2 (1.5 to 2%), enzyme synthesis was derepressed, with the result that the enzyme comprised up to 50% of the soluble protein of the cells as determined by immunological quantitation. This response was not observed when R. rubrum was grown photolithotrophically in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 in hydrogen. Similarly, the derepression of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase was observed in photoheterotrophically (butyrate)-grown cultures only after the HCO3- supply was nearly exhausted. The increase in enzyme activity observed in derepressed cultures was not paralleled by an increase in the in vivo CO2 fixation rate. Apparently, R. rubrum derepresses the synthesis of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase when exposed to low CO2 concentrations to scavenge the limited CO2 available to such cultures.
Collapse
|
19
|
Kobayashi H, Akazawa T. Biosynthetic mechanism of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in the purple photosynthetic bacterium, Chromatium vinosum. Arch Biochem Biophys 1982; 214:531-9. [PMID: 6807199 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(82)90057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
20
|
Powles SB, Chapman KS, Whatley FR. Effect of photoinhibitory treatments on the activity of light-activated enzymes of c(3) and c(4) photosynthetic carbon metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1982; 69:371-4. [PMID: 16662211 PMCID: PMC426212 DOI: 10.1104/pp.69.2.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of maize leaves to a 3-hour photoinhibitory treatment (photon flux rate of 2,000 microeinsteins meter(-2) second(-1), CO(2)-free air) resulted in lower activities of the light-activated enzymes NADP malate dehydrogenase, pyruvate, Pi dikinase, and ribulose-5-phosphate kinase. The activities could be recovered partially either by incubating enzyme extracts with dithiothreitol or by illuminating the treated leaf in air. Several enzymes which are not light-activated were not affected by the treatment. Ribulose-5-phosphate kinase activity was also reduced when bean plants grown in low light were subjected to a similar photoinhibitory treatment.It is suggested that, although the reactivation of these enzymes may be correlated with the short term increase of CO(2) uptake capacity observed when photoinhibited leaves are returned to illumination in air, inactivation of these enzymes does not contribute significantly to the long term in vivo expression of photoinhibition observed after 2 to 4 hours.The results provide an example of partial inactivation of light-activated enzymes under illumination equivalent to full sunlight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S B Powles
- Department of Environmental Biology, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra City, Australian Capital Territory 2601
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Schloss JV, Phares EF, Long MV, Norton IL, Stringer CD, Hartman FC. Ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum. Methods Enzymol 1982; 90 Pt E:522-8. [PMID: 6818424 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(82)90179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
22
|
Beatty JT, Gest H. Biosynthetic and bioenergetic functions of citric acid cycle reactions in Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. J Bacteriol 1981; 148:584-93. [PMID: 7298578 PMCID: PMC216243 DOI: 10.1128/jb.148.2.584-593.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodopseudomonas capsulata can grow in a number of alternative modes, including (i) photosynthetic, defined here as anaerobic growth with light as the energy source, and (ii) heterotrophic, referring to aerobic heterotrophic growth in darkness. The functions of citric acid cycle sequences in these growth modes were investigated using wild-type and appropriate mutant strains. Results of growth tests and O(2) utilization experiments showed that in the heterotrophic mode, energy conversion is dependent on operation of the classical citric acid cycle. Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGD) activity in wild-type strain B10 is substantially higher in cells grown heterotrophically than in cells grown photosynthetically. Molecular oxygen, even at low concentration, appears to be important in regulation of KGD synthesis and, thus, in expression of citric acid cycle activity. Extracts of (photosynthetically grown) mutant strain KGD11 lack demonstrable KGD activity, and in contrast to the wild type, KGD11 is unable to grow heterotrophically on succinate, malate, or pyruvate owing to failure of the energy conversion function of the citric acid cycle. KGD11, however, grows well photosynthetically on malate or on CO(2) + H(2). The KGD activity level required to support the bioenergetic function of the citric acid cycle is evidently much higher than that necessary to satisfy biosynthetic demands; thus, a very low rate of succinyl-coenzyme A formation (needed for biosynthesis) in the mutant would suffice for growth under photosynthetic conditions. In wild-type R. capsulata, the alpha-ketoglutarate required for glutamate synthesis is ordinarily generated via citric acid cycle reactions, which include the conversions catalyzed by citrate synthase and isocitrate dehydrogenase. Mutants blocked in the former or both of these enzymes can grow photosynthetically if provided with an exogenous source of alpha-ketoglutarate or glutamate, but grow very poorly (if at all) as heterotrophs since the energy supply under these conditions depends on operation of the complete citric acid cycle.
Collapse
|
23
|
Jacquot JP, Maudinas B, Gadal P. Occurence of thioredoxin m activity in the photosynthetic bacteria Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1979; 91:1371-6. [PMID: 230843 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(79)91218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
24
|
Macler BA, Pelroy RA, Bassham JA. Hydrogen formation in nearly stoichiometric amounts from glucose by a Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides mutant. J Bacteriol 1979; 138:446-52. [PMID: 312286 PMCID: PMC218197 DOI: 10.1128/jb.138.2.446-452.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides produces molecular H2 and CO2 from reduced organic compounds which serve as electron sources and from light which provides energy in the form of adenosine 5'-triphosphate. This process is mediated by a nitrogenase enzyme. A mutant has been found that, unlike the wild type, will quantitatively convert glucose to H2 and CO2. Techniques for isolating other strains capable of utilizing other unusual electron sources are presented. Metabolism of glucose by the wild-type strain leads to an accumulation of gluconate. The isolated mutant strain does not appear to accumulate gluconate.
Collapse
|
25
|
Schloss JV, Phares EF, Long MV, Norton IL, Stringer CD, Hartman FC. Isolation, characterization, and crystallization of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase from autotrophically grown Rhodospirillum rubrum. J Bacteriol 1979; 137:490-501. [PMID: 33152 PMCID: PMC218475 DOI: 10.1128/jb.137.1.490-501.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Serial culture of Rhodospirillum rubrum with 2% CO2 in H2 as the exclusive carbon source resulted in a rather large fraction of the soluble protein (greater than 40%) being comprised of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase (about sixfold higher than the highest value previously reported). Isolation of the enzyme from these cells revealed that it has physical and kinetic properties similar to those previously described for the enzyme derived from cells grown on butyrate. Notably, the small subunit (which is a constituent of the carboxylase from eucaryotes and most procaryotes) was absent in the enzyme from autotrophically grown R. rubrum. Edman degradation of the purified enzyme revealed that the NH2 terminus is free (in contrast to the catalytic subunit of the carboxylase from eucaryotes) and that the NH2-terminal sequence is Met-Asp-Gln-Ser-Ser-Arg-Tyr-Val-Asn-Leu-Ala-Leu-Lys-Glu-Glu-Asp-Leu-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gly-Glx-His-Val-Leu-. Crystals of the enzyme were readily obtained by dialysis against distilled water.
Collapse
|
26
|
Tabita FR, Caruso P, Whitman W. Facile assay of enzymes unique to the Calvin cycle in intact cells, with special reference to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. Anal Biochem 1978; 84:462-72. [PMID: 204219 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(78)90064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
27
|
Akazawa T, Takabe T, Asami S, Kobayashi H. Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylases from Chromatium vinosum and Rhodospirillum rubrum and their role in photosynthetic carbon assimilation. BASIC LIFE SCIENCES 1978; 11:209-26. [PMID: 106836 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-8106-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
28
|
Rathnam C, Das V. Aspartate-type C-4 photosynthetic carbon metabolism in leaves of Eleusine coracanaGaertn. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s0044-328x(75)80148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
29
|
|
30
|
Duggan JX, Anderson LE. Light-regulation of enzyme activity in anacystis nidulans (Richt.). PLANTA 1975; 122:293-297. [PMID: 24435997 DOI: 10.1007/bf00385278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/1974] [Accepted: 11/21/1974] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of light on the levels of activity of six enzymes which are light-modulated in higher plants was examined in the photosynthetic procaryot Anacystis nidulans. Ribulose-5-phosphate kinase (EC 2.7.1.19) was found to be light-activated in vivo and dithiothreitol-activated in vitro while glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) was light-inactivated and dithiothreitol-inactivated. The enzymes fructose-1,6-diphosphate phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11), sedoheptulose-1,7-diphosphate phosphatase, NAD- and NADP-linked glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12; EC 1.2.1.13) were not affected by light treatment of the intact algae, but sedoheptulose-diphosphate phosphatase and the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases were dithiothreitol-activated in crude extracts. Light apparently controls the activity of the reductive and oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in this photosynthetic procaryot as in higher plants, through a process which probably involves reductive modulation of enzyme activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J X Duggan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago Circle, Box 4348, 60690, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
McFadden BA. The oxygenase activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from Rhodospirillum rubrum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1974; 60:312-7. [PMID: 4214241 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(74)90206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
32
|
|
33
|
McFadden BA. Autotrophic CO2 assimilation and the evolution of ribulose diphosphate carboxylase. BACTERIOLOGICAL REVIEWS 1973; 37:289-319. [PMID: 4357017 PMCID: PMC413820 DOI: 10.1128/br.37.3.289-319.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
34
|
Slater JH, Morris I. The pathway of carbon dioxide assimilation in Rhodospirillum rubrum grown in turbidostat continuous-flow culture. ARCHIV FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE 1973; 92:235-44. [PMID: 4201020 DOI: 10.1007/bf00411204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
35
|
Slater JH, Morris I. Photosynthetic carbon dioxide assimilation by Rhodospirillum rubrum. ARCHIV FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE 1973; 88:213-23. [PMID: 4630715 DOI: 10.1007/bf00421847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
36
|
|
37
|
Der Einflu� von anorganischem Pyrophosphat auf die CO2-Fixierung in photosynthetischen Bakterien. Arch Microbiol 1971. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00407987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
38
|
Von Stabenau H. Die Regulation des Photosyntheseapparates bei Chlorogonium elongatum Dangeard unter dem Einfluß von Licht und Acetat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-3796(17)31162-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
39
|
|
40
|
Togasaki RK, Levine RP. Chloroplast structure and function in ac-20, a mutant strain of Chlamydomonas reinhardi. I. CO2 fixation and ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase synthesis. J Cell Biol 1970; 44:531-9. [PMID: 4984375 PMCID: PMC2107964 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.44.3.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A mutant strain of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardi, ac-20, is described in which both the rate of CO(2) fixation by whole cells and the rate of carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-diphosphate in cell-free extracts are reduced, particularly when sodium acetate is present in the growth medium. Of the enzymes of the reductive pentose phosphate cycle tested, only ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase activity is reduced in the mutant strain, and it appears that the low carboxylase activity limits the strain's rate of photosynthetic carbon metabolism. Evidence is presented to show that the fluctuation in the level of the enzyme activity in the presence or absence of acetate results from the fluctuation in the level of some factor(s) limiting the rate of synthesis of the protein.
Collapse
|
41
|
Broda E. The evolution of bioenergetic processes. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/0079-6107(70)90025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
42
|
Slack CR, Hatch MD, Goodchild DJ. Distribution of enzymes in mesophyll and parenchyma-sheath chloroplasts of maize leaves in relation to the C4-dicarboxylic acid pathway of photosynthesis. Biochem J 1969; 114:489-98. [PMID: 4309527 PMCID: PMC1184920 DOI: 10.1042/bj1140489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
1. Mesophyll and parenchyma-sheath chloroplasts of maize leaves were separated by density fractionation in non-aqueous media. 2. An investigation of the distribution of photosynthetic enzymes indicated that the mesophyll chloroplasts probably contain the entire leaf complement of pyruvate,P(i) dikinase, NADP-specific malate dehydrogenase, glycerate kinase and nitrite reductase and most of the adenylate kinase and pyrophosphatase. The fractionation pattern of phosphopyruvate carboxylase suggested that this enzyme may be associated with the bounding membrane of mesophyll chloroplasts. 3. Ribulose diphosphate carboxylase, ribose phosphate isomerase, phosphoribulokinase, fructose diphosphate aldolase, alkaline fructose diphosphatase and NADP-specific ;malic' enzyme appear to be wholly localized in the parenchyma-sheath chloroplasts. Phosphoglycerate kinase and NADP-specific glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, on the other hand, are distributed approximately equally between the two types of chloroplast. 4. After exposure of illuminated leaves to (14)CO(2) for 25sec., labelled malate, aspartate and 3-phosphoglycerate had similar fractionation patterns, and a large proportion of each was isolated with mesophyll chloroplasts. Labelled fructose phosphates and ribulose phosphates were mainly isolated in fractions containing parenchyma-sheath chloroplasts, and dihydroxyacetone phosphate had a fractionation pattern intermediate between those of C(4) dicarboxylic acids and sugar phosphates. 6. These results indicate that the mesophyll and parenchyma-sheath chloroplasts have a co-operative function in the operation of the C(4)-dicarboxylic acid pathway. Possible routes for the transfer of carbon from C(4) dicarboxylic acids to sugars are discussed.
Collapse
|
43
|
Rindt KP, Ohmann E. NADH and AMP as allosteric effectors of ribulose-5-phosphate kinase in Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1969; 36:357-64. [PMID: 4390398 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(69)90572-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
44
|
Barnett WE, Pennington CJ, Fairfield SA. Induction of euglena transfer RNA's by light. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1969; 63:1261-8. [PMID: 5260929 PMCID: PMC223459 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.63.4.1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure of dark-grown, wild-type Euglena gracilis to light induces the formation of at least three new chromatographic species of tRNA. Parallel studies with a bleached mutant (W(3)BUL) of Euglena demonstrate that the induction of these new tRNA species is dependent upon the cell's ability to form chloroplasts and rule out the possibility that the new species arise from an effect of light on the tRNA's per se.
Collapse
|
45
|
Arnon DI. Role of ferredoxin in photosynthesis. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 1969; 56:295-305. [PMID: 4391254 DOI: 10.1007/bf00602160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
46
|
|
47
|
|
48
|
Latzko E, Gibbs M. Enzyme activities of the carbon reduction cycle in some photosynthetic organisms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1969; 44:295-300. [PMID: 16657059 PMCID: PMC396078 DOI: 10.1104/pp.44.2.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Profile analyses of the enzymes comprising the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle have been performed in extracts of dark grown and greening Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris. Chlorella pyrenoidosa grown photoautotrophically, in the light with glucose or in the dark with glucose, Tolypothrix tenuis, Chromatium and leaves of spinach. Amounts of activity are compared with the level of photosynthetic CO(2) fixation. Only in Chromatium were all enzyme activities sufficient to support the in vivo rate of CO(2) fixation. In organisms other than Chromatium, some enzymes and particularly fructose 1,6-phosphatase and ribulose 1.5-diphosphate carboxylase appeared to be present in insufficient amounts to support the photosynthetic rate of the intact cell. Developmental studies with Euglena and growth studies with Chlorella led to the conclusion that these enzymes were associated with the cycle. Suppression of CO(2) fixation in heterotrophically grown Chlorella was accompanied by a striking decrease in the same enzymes whose activities increased in greening Euglena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Latzko
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02154
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
PREISS JACK. The Regulation of the Biosynthesis of α-1,4 Glucans in Bacteria and Plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-152801-0.50011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
|
50
|
Anderson LE, Price GB, Fuller RC. Molecular Diversity of the Ribulose-1,5-Diphosphate Carboxylase from Photosynthetic Microorganisms. Science 1968. [DOI: 10.1126/science.161.3840.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise E. Anderson
- Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and University of Tennessee-Oak Ridge Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
| | - G. B. Price
- Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and University of Tennessee-Oak Ridge Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
| | - R. C. Fuller
- Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and University of Tennessee-Oak Ridge Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
| |
Collapse
|