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Balah MA, Al-Andal A, Radwan AM, Donia AEM. Unveiling allelopathic dynamics and impacts of invasive Erigeron bonariensis and Bidens pilosa on plant communities and soil parameters. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10159. [PMID: 38698043 PMCID: PMC11065986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive alien species are becoming more and more prevalent worldwide, Erigeron bonariensis and Bidens pilosa are two invasive species of Asteraceae in Egypt. To mitigate their detrimental effects and understand their differences in invasiveness, we compared the allelopathic potentials of E. bonariensis and B. pilosa using leachates, decaying residues, and volatilization processes. Notably, the allelopathic variances in leachates were significant, influenced by plant types, concentrations, and response patterns of target plant traits, as indicated by EC50. The relative phytotoxicity of the invasive species decayed residues peaked between 20 and 25 days in the soil, with a positive correlation with concentrations and soil properties. The highest quantities of phenolic acids were chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid reaching (5.41 and 4.39 µg g-1) E. bonariensis and (4.53 and 4.46 µg g-1) B. pilosa, in leachates extracts respectively, while in the soil extract of decayed residues were coumaric acid and ferulic acid measuring (1.66 and 1.67 µg g-1) E. bonariensis and (1.47 and 1.57 µg g-1) B. pilosa, respectively. Using GC/MS analysis, the main volatile components in E. bonariensis were 1, 8 cineole (5.62%), and α-terpinene (5.43%) and iso-Caryophyllene (5.2%) which showed the greatest inhibitory effects. While B. pilosa main constituents were trans-sabinene (5.39%) and Camphene (5.11%), respectively. Finally, the high invasion level displayed from E. bonariensis (0.221) compared with B. pilosa (0.094) which correlated with the stronger allelopathic activities against plant species, and soil properties. Therefore, the allelopathic potentialities of these species are critically relevant to their invasion success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Balah
- Plant Protection Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Abeer Al-Andal
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa M Radwan
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Girls Branch, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Höfer M, Schäfer M, Wang Y, Wink S, Xu S. Genetic Mechanism of Non-Targeted-Site Resistance to Diquat in Spirodela polyrhiza. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:845. [PMID: 38592881 PMCID: PMC10975167 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Understanding non-target-site resistance (NTSR) to herbicides represents a pressing challenge as NTSR is widespread in many weeds. Using giant duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) as a model, we systematically investigated genetic and molecular mechanisms of diquat resistance, which can only be achieved via NTSR. Quantifying the diquat resistance of 138 genotypes, we revealed an 8.5-fold difference in resistance levels between the most resistant and most susceptible genotypes. Further experiments suggested that diquat uptake and antioxidant-related processes jointly contributed to diquat resistance in S. polyrhiza. Using a genome-wide association approach, we identified several candidate genes, including a homolog of dienelactone hydrolase, that are associated with diquat resistance in S. polyrhiza. Together, these results provide new insights into the mechanisms and evolution of NTSR in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Höfer
- Institute for Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany (M.S.)
| | - Martin Schäfer
- Institute for Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany (M.S.)
| | - Yangzi Wang
- Institute for Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany (M.S.)
| | - Samuel Wink
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Shuqing Xu
- Institute for Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany (M.S.)
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Qasem JR. Chemical control and herbicide resistance of hairy fleabane (Erigeron bonariensis L.) in Jordan. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0263154. [PMID: 37824594 PMCID: PMC10569565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of paraquat, oxadiazon and oxyfluorfen herbicides was tested on two populations of hairy fleabane (Erigeron bonariensis L.), collected from a date palm orchard at Tal al-Ramil (Central Jordan Valley) and al-Twal (Northern Jordan Valley) sites using the recommended rates (0.5, 1.25 and 0.792kg a.i ha-1 for each herbicide, respectively) and 10-fold (5, 12.50 and 7.92 kg a.i. ha-1, respectively) under glasshouse conditions. Results showed that the date palm weed population was resistant to the three herbicides at both application rates and al-Twal site population was highly susceptible. Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of 12 herbicides in controlling the weed in the date palm orchard during the spring of 2017, revealed that E. bonariensis resists paraquat (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1), oxadiazon (1.25 kg a.i. ha-1) and oxyfluorfen (0.792 kg a.i. ha-1) herbicides. None of the three herbicides was effective against the weed and treated plants continued to grow normally similar to those of untreated control. Ten-fold higher rates of these herbicides failed to control the weed. The effect of other tested herbicides was variable with bromoxynil plus MCPA (buctril®M), 2,4-D- iso-octyl ester, glyphosate, glyphosate trimesium and triclopyr being the most effective and completely controlling the weed at recommended rates of application. It is concluded that the tested populations of E. bonariensis developed resistance to paraquat, oxadiazon and oxyfluorfen but control of the weed was possible using other herbicides with different mechanisms of action. Herbicide rotation or other nonchemical weed control methods have been suggested to prevent or reduce the buildup and spread of resistant populations of this weed. These results represent the first report of herbicide resistance of E. bonariensis in Jordan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal R. Qasem
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Nazish T, Huang YJ, Zhang J, Xia JQ, Alfatih A, Luo C, Cai XT, Xi J, Xu P, Xiang CB. Understanding paraquat resistance mechanisms in Arabidopsis thaliana to facilitate the development of paraquat-resistant crops. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100321. [PMID: 35576161 PMCID: PMC9251430 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is the third most used broad-spectrum nonselective herbicide around the globe after glyphosate and glufosinate. Repeated usage and overreliance on this herbicide have resulted in the emergence of PQ-resistant weeds that are a potential hazard to agriculture. It is generally believed that PQ resistance in weeds is due to increased sequestration of the herbicide and its decreased translocation to the target site, as well as an enhanced ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species. However, little is known about the genetic bases and molecular mechanisms of PQ resistance in weeds, and hence no PQ-resistant crops have been developed to date. Forward genetics of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of PQ resistance. This review focuses on PQ resistance loci and resistance mechanisms revealed in Arabidopsis and examines the possibility of developing PQ-resistant crops using the elucidated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmina Nazish
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China
| | - Yi-Jie Huang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China
| | - Jin-Qiu Xia
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China
| | - Alamin Alfatih
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China
| | - Chao Luo
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210037, China
| | - Xiao-Teng Cai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Jing Xi
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China.
| | - Cheng-Bin Xiang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China.
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5
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Moler ERV, Kolb T, Brady A, Palmiero BN, Wallace TR, Waring KM, Whipple AV. Plant developmental stage influences responses of Pinus strobiformis seedlings to experimental warming. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 2:148-164. [PMID: 37283863 PMCID: PMC10168050 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Seedling emergence, survival, morphological and physiological traits, and oxidative stress resistance of southwestern white pine (Pinus strobiformis Engelm.) were studied in response to warming treatments applied during embryogenesis, germination, and early seedling growth. Daytime air temperature surrounding cones in tree canopies was warmed by +2.1°C during embryo development. Resulting seeds and seedlings were assigned to three thermal regimes in growth chambers, with each regime separated by 4°C to encompass the wide range of temperatures observed over space and time across the species' range, plus the effect of heat waves coupled with a high carbon emissions scenario of climate warming. The embryo warming treatment reduced percent seedling emergence in all germination and growth environments and reduced mortality of seedlings grown in the warmest environment. Warm thermal regimes during early seedling growth increased subsequent seedling resistance to oxidative stress and transpirational water use. Experimental warming during seed development, germination, and seedling growth affected seedling emergence and survival. Oxidative stress resistance, morphology, and water relations were affected only by warming imposed during germination and seedling growth. This work explores potential outcomes of climate warming on multiple dimensions of seedling performance and uniquely illustrates that plant responses to heat vary with plant developmental stage in addition to the magnitude of temperature change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Kolb
- School of ForestryNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA
| | - Anne Brady
- Department of Biological SciencesNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA
| | | | | | | | - Amy Vaughn Whipple
- Department of Biological SciencesNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA
- Center for Adaptive Western LandscapesNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA
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Saraiva AS, Sarmento RA, Gravato C, Rodrigues ACM, Campos D, Simão FCP, Soares AMVM. Strategies of cellular energy allocation to cope with paraquat-induced oxidative stress: Chironomids vs Planarians and the importance of using different species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:140443. [PMID: 32887009 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is still used in several countries worldwide as an herbicide for weed control in agricultural production, ponds, reservoirs and irrigation canals. Thus, PQ is frequently found in surface water systems and is potentially toxic to aquatic organisms, since it can cause mitochondrial dysfunction altering in the redox state of cells. This study aimed to investigate the chronic effects of PQ to Chironomus riparius and Girardia tigrina, and compare their physiological strategies to cope with environmental stress. The mean emergence time was the most sensitive endpoint for Chironomids, with the lowest observed effect concentrations (LOEC) being 0.02 for males and 0.1 mg PQ L-1 for females. Moreover, PQ reduced the body weight of male and female imagoes, with LOECs of 0.5 and 2.5 mg PQ L-1, respectively. Paraquat also decreased the respiration rate (LOEC = 2.5 mg PQ L-1) and total glutathione (tGSH) content (LOEC = 0.5 mg PQ L-1). Thus, the aerobic production of energy was not affected and allowed chironomids to cope with oxidative stress induced by PQ, but with consequent physiological costs in terms of development rates and weight of adults. In planarians, PQ decreased the locomotion and feeding activity, and delayed photoreceptor regeneration (LOECs = 2.5 mg PQ L-1 for all endpoints). Despite increased aerobic energy production (LOEC = 0.5 mg PQ L-1), planarians were not able to cope with oxidative stress induced by the highest PQ concentrations, since lipid peroxidation levels were significantly increased (LOEC = 2.5 mg PQ L-1) concomitantly with a significant decrease of tGSH (LOEC = 2.5 mg PQ L-1). These results showed that planarians were unable to cope with oxidative stress induced by PQ with consequent impairments of behavior and regeneration despite an increased aerobic energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Althiéris S Saraiva
- Departamento de Agropecuária (Conservação de Agroecossistemas e Ecotoxicologia), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia, Goiano - Campus Campos Belos, 73840-000 Campos Belos, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Renato A Sarmento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Universitário de Gurupi, 77402-970 Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Carlos Gravato
- Faculdade de Ciências & CESAM, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia C M Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana Campos
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fátima C P Simão
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Tahmasebi BK, Alcántara-de la Cruz R, Alcántara E, Torra J, Domínguez-Valenzuela JA, Cruz-Hipólito HE, Rojano-Delgado AM, De Prado R. Multiple Resistance Evolution in Bipyridylium-Resistant Epilobium ciliatum After Recurrent Selection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:695. [PMID: 29892306 PMCID: PMC5985439 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The use of herbicides with different modes of action is the primary strategy used to control weeds possessing resistance to a single mechanism of action (MOA). However, this practice can lead to selection for generalist resistance mechanisms and may cause resistance to all MOAs. In this research, we characterized the resistance to diquat/paraquat (bipyridiliums) in an Epilobium ciliatum biotype (R1) collected in an olive orchard from Chile, where alternatives herbicides (2,4-D, glyphosate, glufosinate, flazasulfuron and pyraflufen-ethyl) with different MOAs were used, but they have also showed failure in controlling this species. Because the resistance/susceptibility patterns of the R1 biotype to glufosinate, 2,4-D and pyraflufen-ethyl were not clear, a recurrent resistance selection was carried out in field and greenhouse using these herbicides on R1 plants for three generations (R2 biotype). One biotype that was never treated with herbicides (S) was included as control. Results indicated that the S biotype was controlled at the field dose of all herbicides tested. The biotype R1 exhibited resistance to diquat, paraquat and flazasulfuron and natural tolerance to glyphosate. The R2 biotype displayed resistance to glufosinate, 2,4-D and pyraflufen-ethyl with LD50 (herbicide dose to kill 50% of plants) values higher than field doses in all assays. Physiological and biochemical studies determined the resistance to diquat of the R1 biotype, which was due to impaired translocation. The resistance to flazasulfuron in the R1 and R2 biotypes was confirmed by the low sensitivity of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity compared to the S biotype. The similar accumulation of shikimate in treated S, R1, and R2 plants with glyphosate supported the existence of innate tolerance to this herbicide in E. ciliatum. Resistance to glufosinate, 2,4-D and pyraflufen-ethyl in the R2 biotype, acquired after recurrent selection, was determined by low sensitivity of the glutamine synthetase, low accumulation of ethylene and protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase, respectively, in comparison to the S biotype. Epilobium ciliatum from Chilean olive orchards had resistance to only two MAOs (photosystem I and ALS inhibitors), but resistance to five MOAs could occur in the next cropping seasons, if alternatives to weed management, other than herbicides, are not included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhoz K. Tahmasebi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | | | - Joel Torra
- Departament d'Hortofructicultura, Botànica i Jardineria, Agrotecnio, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Rafael De Prado
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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Kalaji HM, Schansker G, Brestic M, Bussotti F, Calatayud A, Ferroni L, Goltsev V, Guidi L, Jajoo A, Li P, Losciale P, Mishra VK, Misra AN, Nebauer SG, Pancaldi S, Penella C, Pollastrini M, Suresh K, Tambussi E, Yanniccari M, Zivcak M, Cetner MD, Samborska IA, Stirbet A, Olsovska K, Kunderlikova K, Shelonzek H, Rusinowski S, Bąba W. Frequently asked questions about chlorophyll fluorescence, the sequel. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 132:13-66. [PMID: 27815801 PMCID: PMC5357263 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0318-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Using chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence many aspects of the photosynthetic apparatus can be studied, both in vitro and, noninvasively, in vivo. Complementary techniques can help to interpret changes in the Chl a fluorescence kinetics. Kalaji et al. (Photosynth Res 122:121-158, 2014a) addressed several questions about instruments, methods and applications based on Chl a fluorescence. Here, additional Chl a fluorescence-related topics are discussed again in a question and answer format. Examples are the effect of connectivity on photochemical quenching, the correction of F V /F M values for PSI fluorescence, the energy partitioning concept, the interpretation of the complementary area, probing the donor side of PSII, the assignment of bands of 77 K fluorescence emission spectra to fluorescence emitters, the relationship between prompt and delayed fluorescence, potential problems when sampling tree canopies, the use of fluorescence parameters in QTL studies, the use of Chl a fluorescence in biosensor applications and the application of neural network approaches for the analysis of fluorescence measurements. The answers draw on knowledge from different Chl a fluorescence analysis domains, yielding in several cases new insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Filippo Bussotti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Angeles Calatayud
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Ctra. Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5., 46113 Moncada, Valencia Spain
| | - Lorenzo Ferroni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vasilij Goltsev
- Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 8 Dr.Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, M.P. 452 001 India
| | - Pengmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Pasquale Losciale
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria [Research Unit for Agriculture in Dry Environments], 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Vinod K. Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Doon (P.G.) College of Agriculture Science, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001 India
| | - Amarendra N. Misra
- Centre for Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Ranchi, 835205 India
| | - Sergio G. Nebauer
- Departamento de Producción vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera sn., 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Simonetta Pancaldi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este, 32, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Consuelo Penella
- Departamento de Horticultura, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Ctra. Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5., 46113 Moncada, Valencia Spain
| | - Martina Pollastrini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Kancherla Suresh
- ICAR – Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research, Pedavegi, West Godavari Dt., Andhra Pradesh 534 450 India
| | - Eduardo Tambussi
- Institute of Plant Physiology, INFIVE (Universidad Nacional de La Plata — Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Diagonal 113 N°495, CC 327, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcos Yanniccari
- Institute of Plant Physiology, INFIVE (Universidad Nacional de La Plata — Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Diagonal 113 N°495, CC 327, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Magdalena D. Cetner
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela A. Samborska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Katarina Olsovska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Kristyna Kunderlikova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Henry Shelonzek
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Szymon Rusinowski
- Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas, Kossutha 6, 40-844 Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bąba
- Department of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland
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9
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Agafonova NV, Doronina NV, Trotsenko YA. Enhanced Resistance of Pea Plants to Oxidative Stress Caused by Paraquat during Colonization by Aerobic Methylobacteria. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683816020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Matzrafi M, Lazar TW, Sibony M, Rubin B. Conyza species: distribution and evolution of multiple target-site herbicide resistances. PLANTA 2015; 242:259-67. [PMID: 25912190 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Distribution of Conyza species is well correlated with human interference. Multiple herbicide resistance is caused by the attempt to overcome resistance to one mode of action by overuse of another. Conyza canadensis (CC) and Conyza bonariensis (CB) are troublesome weeds around the world. Extensive use of herbicides has led to the evolution of numerous Conyza spp. herbicide-resistant populations. Seeds of 91 CC and CB populations were collected across Israel. They were mostly found (86 %) in roadsides and urban habitats, two disturbed habitats that had been dramatically impacted by human activities, thus we classify these species as anthropogenic. Although pyrithiobac-sodium was only used in cotton fields, 90 % of Conyza spp. populations were identified as pyrithiobac-sodium resistant, suggesting possible natural resistance to pyrithiobac-sodium. CC21 and CC17 C. canadensis populations were highly resistant to all tested ALS inhibitors due to a substitution in the ALS gene from Trp574 to Leu. They were also atrazine resistant due to a substitution in the psbA gene from Ser264 to Gly. The high level of imazapyr and pyrithiobac-sodium resistance observed in the CC10 population was due to an Ala205 to Val substitution. However, high resistance to sulfometuron methyl and pyrithiobac-sodium in population CC6 was due to a point mutation at Pro197 to Ser. All resistant plants of CC21 population showed both psbA (Ser264 to Gly) and ALS (Trp574 to Leu) substitutions, leading us to the conclusion that the attempt to overcome resistance to one mode of action by overuse of another will most likely lead to multiple herbicide resistance. Furthermore, we concluded that only individuals that carry both mutations could survive the shift between the two modes of action and overcome the fitness cost associated with the PSII resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maor Matzrafi
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, PO Box 12, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel,
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11
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Hawkes TR. Mechanisms of resistance to paraquat in plants. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2014; 70:1316-23. [PMID: 24307186 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this brief review is to draw information from studies of the mechanism of evolved resistance in weeds, together with information from laboratory studies of paraquat tolerance in model plants. Plants having mutations that limit paraquat uptake into cytoplasm, that confer various stress tolerances or that have transgenes that co-express two or more of the chloroplast Halliwell-Asada cycle enzymes can all exhibit enhanced tolerance to paraquat. However, none of these mechanisms correspond to the high-level resistances that have evolved naturally in weeds. Most, but not all, of the evidence from studies of paraquat-resistant biotypes of weeds can reasonably be reconciled with the proposal of a single major gene mechanism that sequesters paraquat away from chloroplasts and into the vacuole. However, the molecular details of this putative mechanism remain ill-defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Hawkes
- Bioscience Dept., Syngenta (UK) Ltd, Jealott's Hill Research Centre, Bracknell, RG42 6EY, U.K
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Li J, Mu J, Bai J, Fu F, Zou T, An F, Zhang J, Jing H, Wang Q, Li Z, Yang S, Zuo J. Paraquat Resistant1, a Golgi-localized putative transporter protein, is involved in intracellular transport of paraquat. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 162:470-83. [PMID: 23471133 PMCID: PMC3641224 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.213892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat is one of the most widely used herbicides worldwide. In green plants, paraquat targets the chloroplast by transferring electrons from photosystem I to molecular oxygen to generate toxic reactive oxygen species, which efficiently induce membrane damage and cell death. A number of paraquat-resistant biotypes of weeds and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants have been identified. The herbicide resistance in Arabidopsis is partly attributed to a reduced uptake of paraquat through plasma membrane-localized transporters. However, the biochemical mechanism of paraquat resistance remains poorly understood. Here, we report the identification and characterization of an Arabidopsis paraquat resistant1 (par1) mutant that shows strong resistance to the herbicide without detectable developmental abnormalities. PAR1 encodes a putative l-type amino acid transporter protein localized to the Golgi apparatus. Compared with the wild-type plants, the par1 mutant plants show similar efficiency of paraquat uptake, suggesting that PAR1 is not directly responsible for the intercellular uptake of paraquat. However, the par1 mutation caused a reduction in the accumulation of paraquat in the chloroplast, suggesting that PAR1 is involved in the intracellular transport of paraquat into the chloroplast. We identified a PAR1-like gene, OsPAR1, in rice (Oryza sativa). Whereas the overexpression of OsPAR1 resulted in hypersensitivity to paraquat, the knockdown of its expression using RNA interference conferred paraquat resistance on the transgenic rice plants. These findings reveal a unique mechanism by which paraquat is actively transported into the chloroplast and also provide a practical approach for genetic manipulations of paraquat resistance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fuyou Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and National Plant Gene Research Center, College of Biological Sciences (J.L., S.Y.), and State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences and Technology (T.Z., Z.L.), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (J.M., J.B., F.F., F.A., J.Zh., H.J., Q.W., J.Zu.); and
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., H.J.)
| | - Tingting Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and National Plant Gene Research Center, College of Biological Sciences (J.L., S.Y.), and State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences and Technology (T.Z., Z.L.), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (J.M., J.B., F.F., F.A., J.Zh., H.J., Q.W., J.Zu.); and
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., H.J.)
| | - Fengying An
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and National Plant Gene Research Center, College of Biological Sciences (J.L., S.Y.), and State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences and Technology (T.Z., Z.L.), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (J.M., J.B., F.F., F.A., J.Zh., H.J., Q.W., J.Zu.); and
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., H.J.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and National Plant Gene Research Center, College of Biological Sciences (J.L., S.Y.), and State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences and Technology (T.Z., Z.L.), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (J.M., J.B., F.F., F.A., J.Zh., H.J., Q.W., J.Zu.); and
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., H.J.)
| | - Hongwei Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and National Plant Gene Research Center, College of Biological Sciences (J.L., S.Y.), and State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences and Technology (T.Z., Z.L.), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (J.M., J.B., F.F., F.A., J.Zh., H.J., Q.W., J.Zu.); and
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., H.J.)
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and National Plant Gene Research Center, College of Biological Sciences (J.L., S.Y.), and State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences and Technology (T.Z., Z.L.), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (J.M., J.B., F.F., F.A., J.Zh., H.J., Q.W., J.Zu.); and
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., H.J.)
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and National Plant Gene Research Center, College of Biological Sciences (J.L., S.Y.), and State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences and Technology (T.Z., Z.L.), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (J.M., J.B., F.F., F.A., J.Zh., H.J., Q.W., J.Zu.); and
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., H.J.)
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry and National Plant Gene Research Center, College of Biological Sciences (J.L., S.Y.), and State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences and Technology (T.Z., Z.L.), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Plant Gene Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (J.M., J.B., F.F., F.A., J.Zh., H.J., Q.W., J.Zu.); and
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (J.B., H.J.)
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13
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Multiple Resistance of Horseweed to Glyphosate and Paraquat and Its Control with Paraquat and Metribuzin Combinations. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy2040358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Dorman SC, O'Brien RA, Lewis AT, Salter EA, Wierzbicki A, Hixon PW, Sykora RE, Mirjafari A, Davis JH. A new building block for electroactive organic materials? Synthesis, cyclic voltammetry, single crystal X-ray structure, and DFT treatment of a unique boron-based viologen. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:9072-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12265g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sinkevich MS, Naraykina NV, Trunova TI. Involvement of sugars in the antioxidant defense against paraquat-induced oxidative stress in potato transformed with yeast invertase gene. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2010; 434:338-40. [PMID: 20963659 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496610050133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M S Sinkevich
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow, Russia
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Yu Q, Han H, Nguyen L, Forster JW, Powles SB. Paraquat resistance in a Lolium rigidum population is governed by one major nuclear gene. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2009; 118:1601-8. [PMID: 19308349 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-009-1008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat resistance in an annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) population (AFLR1) has been attributed to reduced paraquat translocation. Genetic inheritance of paraquat resistance in this population was investigated in the present study. The paraquat dose response of progeny from 8 F(1) families was more similar to that of the resistant than the susceptible parent, while the equivalent data for a further three families were intermediate compared to those of the parental populations. No significant differences in dose response were observed between reciprocal crosses of specific F(1) families. These results suggest that paraquat resistance in AFLR1 is inherited as a dominant or partially dominant nuclear-encoded trait. Pseudo-F(2) (psi-F(2)) generation seedlings were treated with multiple dose rates sufficient to control the susceptible parental population, and observed segregation ratios in all instances conformed to a 3:1 (resistant:susceptible) segregation ratio, and this ratio was further confirmed by individual phenotyping of cloned plant genotypes. A single major nuclear gene is hence apparently responsible for evolved paraquat resistance in AFLR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yu
- Western Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
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Yu Q, Cairns A, Powles S. Glyphosate, paraquat and ACCase multiple herbicide resistance evolved in a Lolium rigidum biotype. PLANTA 2007; 225:499-513. [PMID: 16906433 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-006-0364-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the world's most widely used herbicide. A potential substitute for glyphosate in some use patterns is the herbicide paraquat. Following many years of successful use, neither glyphosate nor paraquat could control a biotype of the widespread annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum), and here the world's first case of multiple resistance to glyphosate and paraquat is confirmed. Dose-response experiments established that the glyphosate rate causing 50% mortality (LD(50)) for the resistant (R) biotype is 14 times greater than for the susceptible (S) biotype. Similarly, the paraquat LD(50 )for the R biotype is 32 times greater than for the S biotype. Thus, based on the LD(50 )R/S ratio, this R biotype of L. rigidum is 14-fold resistant to glyphosate and 32-fold resistant to paraquat. This R biotype also has evolved resistance to the acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibiting herbicides. The mechanism of paraquat resistance in this biotype was determined as restricted paraquat translocation. Resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides was determined as due to an insensitive ACCase. Two mechanisms endowing glyphosate resistance were established: firstly, a point mutation in the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene, resulting in an amino acid substitution of proline to alanine at position 106; secondly, reduced glyphosate translocation was found in this R biotype, indicating a co-occurrence of two distinct glyphosate resistance mechanisms within the R population. In total, this R biotype displays at least four co-existing resistance mechanisms, endowing multiple resistance to glyphosate, paraquat and ACCase herbicides. This alarming case in the history of herbicide resistance evolution represents a serious challenge for the sustainable use of the precious agrochemical resources such as glyphosate and paraquat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yu
- Western Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA, Australia
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Szigeti Z, Lehoczki E. A review of physiological and biochemical aspects of resistance to atrazine and paraquat in Hungarian weeds. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2003; 59:451-458. [PMID: 12701707 DOI: 10.1002/ps.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The most important results in the field of atrazine and paraquat resistance research by Hungarian researchers are reviewed. Pleiotropic effects accompanying atrazine resistance were investigated in atrazine-resistant (AR) and susceptible (S) biotypes of horseweed (Conyza canadensis (L) Cronq). No significant difference in carbon dioxide assimilation rate was found between the AR and S plants. The rates of the Hill reaction of the AR and S chloroplasts exhibited different temperature dependence. The thylakoid membrane lipids contained a lower amount of polar lipid and the fatty acid content exhibited a higher degree of unsaturation in the AR biotype. Photosynthetic apparatus of the AR biotype had better adaptive ability at low temperature and showed enhanced susceptibility to high-temperature stress. AR horseweed plants had reduced activity of xanthophyll cycle, limited capacity of light-induced non-photochemical and photochemical quenching, higher photosensitivity and susceptibility to photo-inhibition. In the case of paraquat resistance, horseweed found in Hungary exhibited a resistance factor of 450; the resistance is not based on an elevated level and activity of the antioxidant enzyme system. The suggested role of polyamines in the resistance mechanisms can be excluded. The higher putrescine and total polyamine content of paraquat-treated R leaves can be regarded as a general stress response rather than as a symptom of paraquat resistance. A paraquat-inducible, nuclear-coded protein, which presumably functions by carrying paraquat to the vacuole, is supposed to play a role in resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Szigeti
- Department of Plant Physiology, Eötvös University, H-1117 Budapest Pázmány Péter Lane 1/C, Hungary.
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Váradi G, Darkó E, Lehoczki E. Changes in the xanthophyll cycle and fluorescence quenching indicate light-dependent early events in the action of paraquat and the mechanism of resistance to paraquat in Erigeron canadensis (L.) cronq. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2000; 123:1459-70. [PMID: 10938362 PMCID: PMC59102 DOI: 10.1104/pp.123.4.1459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/1999] [Accepted: 04/20/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Violaxanthin de-epoxidation, chlorophyll fluorescence quenching, and photosynthetic O(2) evolution in the presence of paraquat (Pq) were studied in intact attached leaves of Pq-susceptible, and Pq-resistant (PqR) biotypes of Erigeron canadensis under different light conditions. Initially, similar changes were induced in the two biotypes, but the effects relaxed only in the PqR plants, indicating a Pq elimination process. The penetration of Pq into the chloroplasts of PqR plants proved to be somewhat restricted and highly light-dependent, as revealed by both the light response curves of violaxanthin de-epoxidation and fluorescence quenching and the short-term high-light pre-illumination experiments. An irregular down-regulation of the non-photochemical fluorescence quenching processes was observed, reflected by lower steady-state zeaxanthin and non-photochemical fluorescence quenching levels as compared with the corresponding non-treated high-light controls. It is concluded that light is essential not only for the initiation of the mechanism of resistance to Pq, but also for the penetration of Pq into the chloroplasts in the PqR E. canadensis. Also, the Pq elimination process may cause a modification to the regulation of the non-radiative energy dissipation in PqR plants in the presence of Pq.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Váradi
- Research Institute for Viticulture and Enology, Kecskemét, H-6000, Hungary
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Bhargava S. Paraquat tolerance in a photomixotrophic culture of Chenopodium rubrum. PLANT CELL REPORTS 1993; 12:230-232. [PMID: 24197026 DOI: 10.1007/bf00237060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/1992] [Revised: 11/12/1992] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A paraquat tolerant line of Chenopodium rubrum has been compared with paraquat susceptible cultures, in terms of growth, chlorophyll content, photosystem I partial reactions, and the activities of some enzymes involved in detoxification of harmful oxygen radicals. Results indicate that paraquat tolerance is manifested through increased activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase, in the tolerant line, only in the presence of paraquat. The behaviour of the paraquat tolerant. and susceptible cultures in the absence of paraquat is quite similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bhargava
- Botany Department, University of Poona, 411 007, Pune, India
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Preston C, Holtum JA, Powles SB. On the Mechanism of Resistance to Paraquat in Hordeum glaucum and H. leporinum: Delayed Inhibition of Photosynthetic O(2) Evolution after Paraquat Application. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1992; 100:630-6. [PMID: 16653039 PMCID: PMC1075605 DOI: 10.1104/pp.100.2.630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of resistance to paraquat was investigated in biotypes of Hordeum glaucum Steud. and H. leporinum Link. with high levels of resistance. Inhibition of photosynthetic O(2) evolution after herbicide application was used to monitor the presence of paraquat at the active site. Inhibition of photosynthetic O(2) evolution after paraquat application was delayed in both resistant biotypes compared with the susceptible biotypes; however, this differential was more pronounced in the case of H. glaucum than in H. leporinum. Similar results could be obtained with the related herbicide diquat. Examination of the concentration dependence of paraquat-induced inhibition of O(2) evolution showed that the resistant H. glaucum biotype was less affected by herbicide compared with the susceptible biotype 3 h after treatment at most rates. The resistant H. leporinum biotype, in contrast, was as inhibited as the susceptible biotype except at the higher rates. In all cases photosynthetic O(2) evolution was dramatically inhibited 24 h after treatment. Measurement of the amount of paraquat transported to the young tissue of these plants 24 h after treatment showed 57% and 53% reductions in the amount of herbicide transported in the case of the resistant H. glaucum and H. leporinum biotypes, respectively, compared with the susceptible biotypes. This was associated with 62% and 66% decreases in photosynthetic O(2) evolution of young leaves in the susceptible H. glaucum and H. leporinum biotypes, respectively, a 39% decrease in activity for the resistant H. leporinum biotype, but no change in the resistant H. glaucum biotype. Photosynthetic O(2) evolution of leaf slices from resistant H. glaucum was not as inhibited by paraquat compared with the susceptible biotype; however, those of resistant and susceptible biotypes of H. leporinum were equally inhibited by paraquat. Paraquat resistance in these two biotypes appears to be a consequence of reduced movement of the herbicide in the resistant plants; however, the mechanism involved is not the same in H. glaucum as in H. leporinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Preston
- Department of Crop Protection, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond S.A. 5064, Australia
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Carroll EW, Schwarz OJ, Hickok LG. Biochemical Studies of Paraquat-Tolerant Mutants of the Fern Ceratopteris richardii. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1988; 87:651-4. [PMID: 16666201 PMCID: PMC1054814 DOI: 10.1104/pp.87.3.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes and metabolites associated with mitigation of paraquat toxicity were compared in two paraquat-tolerant mutants and a sensitive wild-type strain of the fern Ceratopteris richardii Brongn. In 21-day-old gametophytes, the specific activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and ascorbate peroxidase showed no differences that would explain mutant tolerance. Constitutive levels of ascorbate and glutathione also did not differ significantly in the three strains. An experiment testing the inducibility of paraquat tolerance revealed no change in the dose response of mutant or wild type gametophytes after exposure to sublethal concentrations of the herbicide. Uptake of paraquat by whole gametophytes was also equivalent in mutants and wild type. These data suggest that the physiological basis for tolerance in these mutants, unlike several other tolerant biotypes reported, does not lie in the oxygen radical scavenging system, in an inducible stress response, or in a block to whole-plant uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Carroll
- Department of Botany, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-0011
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Shaaltiel Y, Gressel J. Kinetic Analysis of Resistance to Paraquat in Conyza: Evidence that Paraquat Transiently Inhibits Leaf Chloroplast Reactions in Resistant Plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1987; 85:869-71. [PMID: 16665821 PMCID: PMC1054359 DOI: 10.1104/pp.85.4.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat resistance has been claimed to be due to a sequestration of the herbicide before it reaches chloroplasts. This is based on the sensitivity of photosystem I in isolated thylakoids to paraquat, and autoradiographic analyses showing label from paraquat near veins 4 hours after treatment of a resistant biotype. Conversely, the enzymes of the superoxide detoxification pathway were found to be at constitutively elevated levels in intact class A chloroplasts of the resistant biotype of Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq. Evidence is presented here that physiologically active levels of paraquat rapidly inhibit chloroplast function in both the resistant and sensitive biotype, before the first sequestration was visualized. This inhibition is transient (completed in 2 hours) in the resistant biotype and irreversible in the sensitive type. Intact class A chloroplasts of the resistant biotype with or without paraquat are less susceptible to photoinduced membrane damage than the sensitive biotype without paraquat, as measured by ethane evolution. These data support a hypothesis that the ability to prevent superoxide damage keeps the resistant biotype viable while paraquat or its metabolites are being sequestered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shaaltiel
- Department of Plant Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot IL76100, Israel
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Matters GL, Scandalios JG. Effect of the free radical-generating herbicide paraquat on the expression of the superoxide dismutase (Sod) genes in maize. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1986; 882:29-38. [PMID: 3707996 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(86)90051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
10-day-old maize leaves were treated with the oxygen free radical-generating herbicide paraquat for 12 h. Paraquat treatments (10(-5) M) resulted in a 40% increase in superoxide dismutase activity and a smaller increase in catalase activity. The increase in total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity correlates with higher levels of specific isozymes. The chloroplast (SOD-1) and cytosolic (SOD-2 and SOD-4) forms were increased significantly; however, the mitochondrial form (SOD-3) was increased only slightly. Higher levels of SOD-4 and SOD-3 after paraquat exposure were the result of increased synthesis of these proteins, as determined by labeling in vivo with [35S]methionine. Isolation and in vitro translation of polysomes from 10(-5) M paraquat-treated leaves indicated that paraquat increased the amount of polysomal mRNA which codes for SOD-4 and SOD-3. Superoxide dismutase induction does not appear to be a response that is specific to paraquat, since another superoxide-generating compound, juglone, caused a similar increase in total superoxide dismutase activity. Therefore, the effect of these compounds on the expression of the maize Sod genes is exerted via their ability to generate superoxide.
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Hickok LG, Schwarz OJ. An in vitro whole plant selection system: paraquat tolerant mutants in the fern Ceratopteris. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1986; 72:302-6. [PMID: 24247935 DOI: 10.1007/bf00288565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/1985] [Accepted: 12/15/1985] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A whole plant selection system using the haploid gametophyte generation of the fern Ceratopteris richardii has been developed to select for mutations that confer resistance or tolerance to various selection pressures. The expression of the mutations can be analyzed and characterized in both the haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte generations. Genetic analyses are facilitated by the fern's rapid life cycle and the ease of manipulating the gametophyte generation. Selection for tolerance to the herbicide paraquat has yielded two mutants which have an increased tolerance to the herbicide in both the gametophyte and sporophyte generations. Both mutants exhibit single nuclear gene inheritance patterns and appear to be closely linked or allelic.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Hickok
- Department of Botany, The University of Tennessee, 37996, Knoxville, TN, USA
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