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Fu H, Zhong J, Zhao J, Huo L, Wang C, Ma D, Pan W, Sun L, Ren Z, Fan T, Wang Z, Wang W, Lei X, Yu G, Li J, Zhu Y, Geelen D, Liu B. Ultraviolet attenuates centromere-mediated meiotic genome stability and alters gametophytic ploidy consistency in flowering plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:2214-2234. [PMID: 39039772 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation influences development and genome stability in organisms; however, its impact on meiosis, a special cell division essential for the delivery of genetic information across generations in eukaryotes, has not yet been elucidated. In this study, by performing cytogenetic studies, we reported that UV radiation does not damage meiotic chromosome integrity but attenuates centromere-mediated chromosome stability and induces unreduced gametes in Arabidopsis thaliana. We showed that functional centromere-specific histone 3 (CENH3) is required for obligate crossover formation and plays a role in the protection of sister chromatid cohesion under UV stress. Moreover, we found that UV specifically alters the orientation and organization of spindles and phragmoplasts at meiosis II, resulting in meiotic restitution and unreduced gametes. We determined that UV-induced meiotic restitution does not rely on the UV Resistance Locus8-mediated UV perception and the Tapetal Development and Function1- and Aborted Microspores-dependent tapetum development, but possibly occurs via altered JASON function and downregulated Parallel Spindle1. This study provides evidence that UV radiation influences meiotic genome stability and gametophytic ploidy consistency in flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Fu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiayi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Li Huo
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Dexuan Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Wenjing Pan
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Limin Sun
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Ziming Ren
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Tianyi Fan
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ze Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Wenyi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoning Lei
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Guanghui Yu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Danny Geelen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
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2
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Deng X, Xiao Y, Tang X, Liu B, Lin H. Arabidopsis α-Aurora kinase plays a role in cytokinesis through regulating MAP65-3 association with microtubules at phragmoplast midzone. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3779. [PMID: 38710684 PMCID: PMC11074315 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The α-Aurora kinase is a crucial regulator of spindle microtubule organization during mitosis in plants. Here, we report a post-mitotic role for α-Aurora in reorganizing the phragmoplast microtubule array. In Arabidopsis thaliana, α-Aurora relocated from spindle poles to the phragmoplast midzone, where it interacted with the microtubule cross-linker MAP65-3. In a hypomorphic α-Aurora mutant, MAP65-3 was detected on spindle microtubules, followed by a diffuse association pattern across the phragmoplast midzone. Simultaneously, phragmoplast microtubules remained belatedly in a solid disk array before transitioning to a ring shape. Microtubules at the leading edge of the matured phragmoplast were often disengaged, accompanied by conspicuous retentions of MAP65-3 at the phragmoplast interior edge. Specifically, α-Aurora phosphorylated two residues towards the C-terminus of MAP65-3. Mutation of these residues to alanines resulted in an increased association of MAP65-3 with microtubules within the phragmoplast. Consequently, the expansion of the phragmoplast was notably slower compared to wild-type cells or cells expressing a phospho-mimetic variant of MAP65-3. Moreover, mimicking phosphorylation reinstated disrupted MAP65-3 behaviors in plants with compromised α-Aurora function. Overall, our findings reveal a mechanism in which α-Aurora facilitates cytokinesis progression through phosphorylation-dependent restriction of MAP65-3 associating with microtubules at the phragmoplast midzone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingguang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoya Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Honghui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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3
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Kim P, Mahboob S, Nguyen HT, Eastman S, Fiala O, Sousek M, Gaussoin RE, Brungardt JL, Jackson-Ziems TA, Roston R, Alfano JR, Clemente TE, Guo M. Characterization of Soybean Events with Enhanced Expression of the Microtubule-Associated Protein 65-1 (MAP65-1). MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:62-71. [PMID: 37889205 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-23-0134-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein 65-1 (MAP65-1) protein plays an essential role in plant cellular dynamics through impacting stabilization of the cytoskeleton by serving as a crosslinker of microtubules. The role of MAP65-1 in plants has been associated with phenotypic outcomes in response to various environmental stresses. The Arabidopsis MAP65-1 (AtMAP65-1) is a known virulence target of plant bacterial pathogens and is thus a component of plant immunity. Soybean events were generated that carry transgenic alleles for both AtMAP65-1 and GmMAP65-1, the soybean AtMAP65-1 homolog, under control of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Both AtMAP65-1 and GmMAP65-1 transgenic soybeans are more resistant to challenges by the soybean bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea and the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae, but not the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines. Soybean plants expressing AtMAP65-1 and GmMAP65-1 also display a tolerance to the herbicide oryzalin, which has a mode of action to destabilize microtubules. In addition, GmMAP65-1-expressing soybean plants show reduced cytosol ion leakage under freezing conditions, hinting that ectopic expression of GmMAP65-1 may enhance cold tolerance in soybean. Taken together, overexpression of AtMAP65-1 and GmMAP65-1 confers tolerance of soybean plants to various biotic and abiotic stresses. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panya Kim
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, U.S.A
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, U.S.A
| | - Samira Mahboob
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, U.S.A
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, U.S.A
| | - Hanh T Nguyen
- Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, U.S.A
| | - Samuel Eastman
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, U.S.A
| | - Olivia Fiala
- Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, U.S.A
| | - Matthew Sousek
- Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, U.S.A
| | - Roch E Gaussoin
- Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, U.S.A
| | - Jae L Brungardt
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, U.S.A
| | - Tamra A Jackson-Ziems
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, U.S.A
| | - Rebecca Roston
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, U.S.A
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, U.S.A
| | - James R Alfano
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, U.S.A. (deceased)
| | - Tom Elmo Clemente
- Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, U.S.A
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Agronomy & Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, U.S.A
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4
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Romeiro Motta M, Biswas S, Schaedel L. Beyond uniformity: Exploring the heterogeneous and dynamic nature of the microtubule lattice. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151370. [PMID: 37922811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A fair amount of research on microtubules since their discovery in 1963 has focused on their dynamic tips. In contrast, the microtubule lattice was long believed to be highly regular and static, and consequently received far less attention. Yet, as it turned out, the microtubule lattice is neither as regular, nor as static as previously believed: structural studies uncovered the remarkable wealth of different conformations the lattice can accommodate. In the last decade, the microtubule lattice was shown to be labile and to spontaneously undergo renovation, a phenomenon that is intimately linked to structural defects and was called "microtubule self-repair". Following this breakthrough discovery, further recent research provided a deeper understanding of the lattice self-repair mechanism, which we review here. Instrumental to these discoveries were in vitro microtubule reconstitution assays, in which microtubules are grown from the minimal components required for their dynamics. In this review, we propose a shift from the term "lattice self-repair" to "lattice dynamics", since this phenomenon is an inherent property of microtubules and can happen without microtubule damage. We focus on how in vitro microtubule reconstitution assays helped us learn (1) which types of structural variations microtubules display, (2) how these structural variations influence lattice dynamics and microtubule damage caused by mechanical stress, (3) how lattice dynamics impact tip dynamics, and (4) how microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) can play a role in structuring the lattice. Finally, we discuss the unanswered questions about lattice dynamics and how technical advances will help us tackle these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Romeiro Motta
- Department of Physics, Center for Biophysics, Campus A2 4, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, École normale supérieure de Lyon, Lyon 69364, France
| | - Subham Biswas
- Department of Physics, Center for Biophysics, Campus A2 4, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Laura Schaedel
- Department of Physics, Center for Biophysics, Campus A2 4, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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5
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Gonzalez JP, Frandsen KEH, Kesten C. The role of intrinsic disorder in binding of plant microtubule-associated proteins to the cytoskeleton. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:404-436. [PMID: 37578201 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) represent one of the main components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton and support numerous critical cellular functions. MTs are in principle tube-like structures that can grow and shrink in a highly dynamic manner; a process largely controlled by microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). Plant MAPs are a phylogenetically diverse group of proteins that nonetheless share many common biophysical characteristics and often contain large stretches of intrinsic protein disorder. These intrinsically disordered regions are determinants of many MAP-MT interactions, in which structural flexibility enables low-affinity protein-protein interactions that enable a fine-tuned regulation of MT cytoskeleton dynamics. Notably, intrinsic disorder is one of the major obstacles in functional and structural studies of MAPs and represents the principal present-day challenge to decipher how MAPs interact with MTs. Here, we review plant MAPs from an intrinsic protein disorder perspective, by providing a complete and up-to-date summary of all currently known members, and address the current and future challenges in functional and structural characterization of MAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordy Perez Gonzalez
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kristian E H Frandsen
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Christopher Kesten
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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6
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Lucas JR, Shaw SL. Overlapping Localization of MAP65-2, -6, and -7 in Arabidopsis Hypocotyl Cells. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.000971. [PMID: 38021169 PMCID: PMC10630750 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules are essential components of eukaryotic cells. Myriad proteins associate with microtubules to facilitate the organization and operation of microtubule arrays. Various M icrotubule A ssociated P roteins (MAPs) assist the assembly and function of mitotic spindles and interphase arrays. Nine MAP65 genes exist in the genome of the acentrosomal model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, and the function of majority of these proteins is unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we demonstrate the localization of A. thaliana MAP65-6 and MAP65-7 fusion proteins expressed from native promoters in interphase cells of developing A. thaliana seedlings. Analyses of these fusion proteins co-expressed with alpha-tubulin 6 reporters indicate that MAP65-6 and MAP65-7 bind a subset of interphase microtubules. Co-expression of GFP: MAP65-6 with mCherry: MAP65-2 from native promoters in A. thaliana showed overlapping localization patterns on interphase microtubule bundles. Collectively, these data suggested that MAP65-2 , -6, and -7 bind cortical microtubule bundles in plant interphase microtubule arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sidney L Shaw
- Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
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7
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Liang M, Ji T, Wang X, Wang X, Li S, Gao L, Ma S, Tian Y. Comprehensive analyses of microtubule-associated protein MAP65 family genes in Cucurbitaceae and CsaMAP65s expression profiles in cucumber. J Appl Genet 2023; 64:393-408. [PMID: 37219731 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-023-00761-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
MAP65 is a microtubule-binding protein family in plants and plays crucial roles in regulating cell growth and development, intercellular communication, and plant responses to various environmental stresses. However, MAP65s in Cucurbitaceae are still less understood. In this study, a total of 40 MAP65s were identified from six Cucurbitaceae species (Cucumis sativus L., Citrullus lanatus, Cucumis melo L., Cucurbita moschata, Lagenaria siceraria, and Benincasa hispida) and classified into five groups by phylogenetic analysis according to gene structures and conserved domains. A conserved domain (MAP65_ASE1) was found in all MAP65 proteins. In cucumber, we isolated six CsaMAP65s with different expression patterns in tissues including root, stem, leaf, female flower, male flower, and fruit. Subcellular localizations of CsaMAP65s verified that all CsaMAP65s were localized in microtubule and microfilament. Analyses of the promoter regions of CsaMAP65s have screened different cis-acting regulatory elements involved in growth and development and responses to hormone and stresses. In addition, CsaMAP65-5 in leaves was significantly upregulated by salt stress, and this promotion effect was higher in cucumber cultivars with salt tolerant than that without salt tolerant. CsaMAP65-1 in leaves was significantly upregulated by cold stress, and this promotion was higher in cold-tolerant cultivar than intolerant cultivar. With the genome-wide characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Cucurbitaceae MAP65s, and the expression profile of CsaMAP65s in cucumber, this study laid a foundation for further study on MAP65 functions in developmental processes and responses to abiotic stress in Cucurbitaceae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiting Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tingting Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xueyun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xingyi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shihui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lihong Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Si Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yongqiang Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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8
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Du P, Liu Y, Deng L, Qian D, Xue X, Yang T, Li T, Xiang Y, Ren H. AtMAC stabilizes the phragmoplast by crosslinking microtubules and actin filaments during cytokinesis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:1950-1965. [PMID: 37093857 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The phragmoplast, a structure crucial for the completion of cytokinesis in plant cells, is composed of antiparallel microtubules (MTs) and actin filaments (AFs). However, how the parallel structure of phragmoplast MTs and AFs is maintained, especially during centrifugal phragmoplast expansion, remains elusive. Here, we analyzed a new Arabidopsis thaliana MT and AF crosslinking protein (AtMAC). When AtMAC was deleted, the phragmoplast showed disintegrity during centrifugal expansion, and the resulting phragmoplast fragmentation led to incomplete cell plates. Overexpression of AtMAC increased the resistance of phragmoplasts to depolymerization and caused the formation of additional phragmoplasts during cytokinesis. Biochemical experiments showed that AtMAC crosslinked MTs and AFs in vitro, and the truncated AtMAC protein, N-CC1, was the key domain controlling the ability of AtMAC. Further analysis showed that N-CC1(51-154) is the key domain for binding MTs, and N-CC1(51-125) for binding AFs. In conclusion, AtMAC is the novel MT and AF crosslinking protein found to be involved in regulation of phragmoplast organization during centrifugal phragmoplast expansion, which is required for complete cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingzhou Du
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Zhuhai-Macao Biotechnology Joint Laboratory, Advanced Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Zhuhai-Macao Biotechnology Joint Laboratory, Advanced Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Lu Deng
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Zhuhai-Macao Biotechnology Joint Laboratory, Advanced Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Dong Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiuhua Xue
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Zhuhai-Macao Biotechnology Joint Laboratory, Advanced Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Zhuhai-Macao Biotechnology Joint Laboratory, Advanced Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Tonghui Li
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Zhuhai-Macao Biotechnology Joint Laboratory, Advanced Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Haiyun Ren
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, Zhuhai-Macao Biotechnology Joint Laboratory, Advanced Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
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9
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Lebecq A, Goldy C, Fangain A, Gascon E, Belcram K, Pastuglia M, Bouchez D, Caillaud MC. The phosphoinositide signature guides the final step of plant cytokinesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf7532. [PMID: 37467331 PMCID: PMC10355833 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf7532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant cytokinesis, which fundamentally differs from that in animals, requires the outward expansion of a plasma membrane precursor named the cell plate. How the transition from a cell plate to a plasma membrane occurs remains poorly understood. Here, we report that the acquisition of plasma membrane identity occurs through lateral patterning of the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate PI(4,5)P2 at the newly formed cell plate membrane. There, the phosphoinositide phosphatase SAC9 emerges as a key regulator, colocalizing with and regulating the function of the microtubule-associated protein MAP65-3 at the cell plate leading zone. In sac9-3 mutant, the polar distribution of PI(4,5)P2 at the cell plate is altered, leading to ectopic recruitment of the cytokinesis apparatus and formation of an additional cell plate insertion site. We propose that at the cell plate, SAC9 drives the depletion of PI(4,5)P2, which acts as a polar cue to spatially separate cell plate expansion from the acquisition of plasma membrane identity during final step of cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Lebecq
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAe, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Camila Goldy
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAe, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Fangain
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAe, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Elsa Gascon
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAe, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Katia Belcram
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Martine Pastuglia
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - David Bouchez
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Caillaud
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAe, F-69342 Lyon, France
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10
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Miao H, Xia C, Yu S, Wang J, Zhao Y, Wang Q. Enhancing health-promoting isothiocyanates in Chinese kale sprouts via manipulating BoESP. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad029. [PMID: 37090092 PMCID: PMC10117428 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are a group of sulfur-containing secondary metabolites, which are abundant in Brassica vegetables. GSL breakdown products (GBPs), especially isothiocyanates (ITCs) benefit human health. Chinese kale is a native Brassica vegetable in China, and its sprouts are rich in GSLs and nutritional substances. ITCs are the predominant GBPs while alternative products are formed in the presence of specifier proteins. However, fewer ITCs are formed in the sprouts. Epithiospecifier (ESP) promotes the formation of epithionitriles at the expense of ITCs in Arabidopsis, but a systematic study of different isoforms of ESPs in most vegetables is still missing. In this study, changes in the content of GBPs and the precursor GSLs, as well as thiols per plant were monitored during sprout development. The proportions of epithionitriles and ITCs in total GBPs were found to be increased and decreased, respectively. RNA-seq showed enhanced expression of numerous genes involved in GSLs biosynthesis and degradation, as well as sulfur assimilation in sprouts compared to seeds. Four copies of BoESPs were isolated and BoESP2 was the most abundant isoform. Generally, transcription of BoESPs showed a strong response to abscisic acid and gibberellin, and consequently epithionitriles increased under these treatments. Knockdown of BoESP2 expression through virus-induced gene silencing system could effectively increase total ITCs and decrease total epithionitriles. Overall, dynamic GSL metabolic flux exists in the sprouting period, and the expression of BoESPs determines the pattern of GBPs, suggesting that improving the health-promoting ITCs in Chinese kale sprouts through manipulating BoESPs by metabolic engineering is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shunhao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiansheng Wang
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yanting Zhao
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
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11
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Hsiao AS, Huang JY. Microtubule Regulation in Plants: From Morphological Development to Stress Adaptation. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040627. [PMID: 37189374 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are essential elements of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton and are critical for various cell functions. During cell division, plant MTs form highly ordered structures, and cortical MTs guide the cell wall cellulose patterns and thus control cell size and shape. Both are important for morphological development and for adjusting plant growth and plasticity under environmental challenges for stress adaptation. Various MT regulators control the dynamics and organization of MTs in diverse cellular processes and response to developmental and environmental cues. This article summarizes the recent progress in plant MT studies from morphological development to stress responses, discusses the latest techniques applied, and encourages more research into plant MT regulation.
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12
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Uyehara AN, Rasmussen CG. Redundant mechanisms in division plane positioning. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151308. [PMID: 36921356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Redundancies in plant cell division contribute to the maintenance of proper division plane orientation. Here we highlight three types of redundancy: 1) Temporal redundancy, or correction of earlier defects that results in proper final positioning, 2) Genetic redundancy, or functional compensation by homologous genes, and 3) Synthetic redundancy, or redundancy within or between pathways that contribute to proper division plane orientation. Understanding the types of redundant mechanisms involved provides insight into current models of division plane orientation and opens up new avenues for exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee N Uyehara
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Carolyn G Rasmussen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, USA.
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13
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Lin X, Xiao Y, Song Y, Gan C, Deng X, Wang P, Liu J, Jiang Z, Peng L, Zhou D, He X, Bian J, Zhu C, Liu B, He H, Xu J. Rice microtubule-associated protein OsMAP65-3.1, but not OsMAP65-3.2, plays a critical role in phragmoplast microtubule organization in cytokinesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1030247. [PMID: 36388546 PMCID: PMC9643714 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1030247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In plants, MAP65 preferentially cross-links the anti-parallel microtubules (MTs) and plays an important role for cytokinesis. However, the functions of MAP65 isoforms in rice (Oryza sativa. L) are largely unknown. Here, we identified two MAP65-3 homologs in rice, OsMAP65-3.1 and OsMAP65-3.2. We found that both OsMAP65-3.1 and OsMAP65-3.2 were similar in dimerization and location to AtMAP65-3, and the expression of either rice genes driven by the AtMAP65-3 promoter suppressed the cytokinesis failure and growth defect of atmap65-3. However, OsMAP65-3.1 with native promoter also recovered the atmap65-3, but OsMAP65-3.2 with its own promoter had no effects. OsMAP65-3.1 but not OsMAP65-3.2 was actively expressed in tissues enriched with dividing cells. R1R2R3-Myb (MYB3R) transcription factors directly bound to the OsMAP65-3.1 promoter but not that of OsMAP65-3.2. Furthermore, osmap65-3.2 had no obvious phenotype, while either osmap65-3.1 or osmap65-3.1(+/-) was lethal. The eminent MTs around the daughter nuclei and cytokinesis defects were frequently observed in OsMAP65-3.1-defective plants. Taken together, our findings suggest that OsMAP65-3.1, rather than OsMAP65-3.2, plays essential roles in rice cytokinesis resulting from their differential expression which were passably directly regulated by OsMYB3Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Lin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongping Song
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cong Gan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xingguang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jialong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhishu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Limei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dahu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaopeng He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianmin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Changlan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Haohua He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, and Genetic Breeding of the Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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14
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Mills AM, Rasmussen CG. Defects in division plane positioning in the root meristematic zone affect cell organization in the differentiation zone. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs260127. [PMID: 36074053 PMCID: PMC9658997 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-division-plane orientation is critical for plant and animal development and growth. TANGLED1 (TAN1) and AUXIN-INDUCED IN ROOT CULTURES 9 (AIR9) are division-site-localized microtubule-binding proteins required for division-plane positioning. The single mutants tan1 and air9 of Arabidopsis thaliana have minor or no noticeable phenotypes, but the tan1 air9 double mutant has synthetic phenotypes including stunted growth, misoriented divisions and aberrant cell-file rotation in the root differentiation zone. These data suggest that TAN1 plays a role in non-dividing cells. To determine whether TAN1 is required in elongating and differentiating cells in the tan1 air9 double mutant, we limited its expression to actively dividing cells using the G2/M-specific promoter of the syntaxin KNOLLE (pKN:TAN1-YFP). Unexpectedly, in addition to rescuing division-plane defects, expression of pKN:TAN1-YFP rescued root growth and cell file rotation defects in the root-differentiation zone in tan1 air9 double mutants. This suggests that defects that occur in the meristematic zone later affect the organization of elongating and differentiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolyn G. Rasmussen
- Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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15
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Gu Y, Rasmussen CG. Cell biology of primary cell wall synthesis in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:103-128. [PMID: 34613413 PMCID: PMC8774047 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Building a complex structure such as the cell wall, with many individual parts that need to be assembled correctly from distinct sources within the cell, is a well-orchestrated process. Additional complexity is required to mediate dynamic responses to environmental and developmental cues. Enzymes, sugars, and other cell wall components are constantly and actively transported to and from the plasma membrane during diffuse growth. Cell wall components are transported in vesicles on cytoskeletal tracks composed of microtubules and actin filaments. Many of these components, and additional proteins, vesicles, and lipids are trafficked to and from the cell plate during cytokinesis. In this review, we first discuss how the cytoskeleton is initially organized to add new cell wall material or to build a new cell wall, focusing on similarities during these processes. Next, we discuss how polysaccharides and enzymes that build the cell wall are trafficked to the correct location by motor proteins and through other interactions with the cytoskeleton. Finally, we discuss some of the special features of newly formed cell walls generated during cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Carolyn G Rasmussen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
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16
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Shevchenko GV, Krutovsky KV. Mechanical stress effects on transcriptional regulation of genes encoding microtubule- and actin-associated proteins. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:17-30. [PMID: 35210715 PMCID: PMC8847523 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant cytoskeleton regulation has been studied using a new approach based on both (1) pharmacological analysis of tubulin and actin inhibitors and (2) mechanical stimulation achieved by using a slow-rotating (2 rpm) clinostat in combination with transcriptional analysis of genes encoding TUA6, ACT2, MAP65-1, CLASP, PLDδ, FH4 and FH1 proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana seedling roots. The obtained data suggest feedback between the organization of microtubule (MT) and actin filament (AF) networks and the expression of the ACT2, TUA6, MAP65-1, CLASP and FH1/FH4 genes. Different regulation of feedback between MT/AF organization and TUA6, ACT2, MAP65-1, CLASP, FH4 and FH1 gene expression was noted during slow clinorotation, possibly due to altered mechanical impact on the cortical cytoskeleton. For the first time, the expression of the tubulin-associated gene MAP65-1 was shown to be dependent upon the organization of AFs. TUA6, MAP65-1, CLASP, FH1 and FH4 likely participate in mechanical signal transduction. Our work demonstrated that slow clinorotation is able to cause mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina V. Shevchenko
- Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, 01004 Ukraine
| | - Konstantin V. Krutovsky
- Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Laboratory of Population Genetics, N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Laboratory of Forest Genomics, Genome Research and Education Center, Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
- Scientific and Methodological Center, G. F. Morozov Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies, 394087 Voronezh, Russian Federation
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17
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Sofroni K, Takatsuka H, Yang C, Dissmeyer N, Komaki S, Hamamura Y, Böttger L, Umeda M, Schnittger A. CDKD-dependent activation of CDKA;1 controls microtubule dynamics and cytokinesis during meiosis. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151917. [PMID: 32609301 PMCID: PMC7401817 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201907016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise control of cytoskeleton dynamics and its tight coordination with chromosomal events are key to cell division. This is exemplified by formation of the spindle and execution of cytokinesis after nuclear division. Here, we reveal that the central cell cycle regulator CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE A;1 (CDKA;1), the Arabidopsis homologue of Cdk1 and Cdk2, partially in conjunction with CYCLIN B3;1 (CYCB3;1), is a key regulator of the microtubule cytoskeleton in meiosis. For full CDKA;1 activity, the function of three redundantly acting CDK-activating kinases (CAKs), CDKD;1, CDKD;2, and CDKD;3, is necessary. Progressive loss of these genes in combination with a weak loss-of-function mutant in CDKA;1 allowed a fine-grained dissection of the requirement of cell-cycle kinase activity for meiosis. Notably, a moderate reduction of CDKA;1 activity converts the simultaneous cytokinesis in Arabidopsis, i.e., one cytokinesis separating all four meiotic products concurrently into two successive cytokineses with cell wall formation after the first and second meiotic division, as found in many monocotyledonous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostika Sofroni
- University of Hamburg, Department of Developmental Biology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hirotomo Takatsuka
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Chao Yang
- University of Hamburg, Department of Developmental Biology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nico Dissmeyer
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Shinichiro Komaki
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuki Hamamura
- University of Hamburg, Department of Developmental Biology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lev Böttger
- University of Hamburg, Department of Developmental Biology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Masaaki Umeda
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Arp Schnittger
- University of Hamburg, Department of Developmental Biology, Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Martinez P, Dixit R, Balkunde RS, Zhang A, O'Leary SE, Brakke KA, Rasmussen CG. TANGLED1 mediates microtubule interactions that may promote division plane positioning in maize. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151878. [PMID: 32568386 PMCID: PMC7401798 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201907184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule cytoskeleton serves as a dynamic structural framework for mitosis in eukaryotic cells. TANGLED1 (TAN1) is a microtubule-binding protein that localizes to the division site and mitotic microtubules and plays a critical role in division plane orientation in plants. Here, in vitro experiments demonstrate that TAN1 directly binds microtubules, mediating microtubule zippering or end-on microtubule interactions, depending on their contact angle. Maize tan1 mutant cells improperly position the preprophase band (PPB), which predicts the future division site. However, cell shape–based modeling indicates that PPB positioning defects are likely a consequence of abnormal cell shapes and not due to TAN1 absence. In telophase, colocalization of growing microtubules ends from the phragmoplast with TAN1 at the division site suggests that TAN1 interacts with microtubule tips end-on. Together, our results suggest that TAN1 contributes to microtubule organization to ensure proper division plane orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Martinez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Ram Dixit
- Department of Biology and Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Rachappa S Balkunde
- Department of Biology and Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Antonia Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Seán E O'Leary
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Kenneth A Brakke
- Department of Mathematics, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA
| | - Carolyn G Rasmussen
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA.,Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA
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19
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Máthé C, M-Hamvas M, Freytag C, Garda T. The Protein Phosphatase PP2A Plays Multiple Roles in Plant Development by Regulation of Vesicle Traffic-Facts and Questions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:975. [PMID: 33478110 PMCID: PMC7835740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein phosphatase PP2A is essential for the control of integrated eukaryotic cell functioning. Several cellular and developmental events, e.g., plant growth regulator (PGR) mediated signaling pathways are regulated by reversible phosphorylation of vesicle traffic proteins. Reviewing present knowledge on the relevant role of PP2A is timely. We discuss three aspects: (1) PP2A regulates microtubule-mediated vesicle delivery during cell plate assembly. PP2A dephosphorylates members of the microtubule associated protein family MAP65, promoting their binding to microtubules. Regulation of phosphatase activity leads to changes in microtubule organization, which affects vesicle traffic towards cell plate and vesicle fusion to build the new cell wall between dividing cells. (2) PP2A-mediated inhibition of target of rapamycin complex (TORC) dependent signaling pathways contributes to autophagy and this has possible connections to the brassinosteroid signaling pathway. (3) Transcytosis of vesicles transporting PIN auxin efflux carriers. PP2A regulates vesicle localization and recycling of PINs related to GNOM (a GTP-GDP exchange factor) mediated pathways. The proper intracellular traffic of PINs is essential for auxin distribution in the plant body, thus in whole plant development. Overall, PP2A has essential roles in membrane interactions of plant cell and it is crucial for plant development and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Máthé
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.M.-H.); (C.F.); (T.G.)
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20
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Vavrdová T, Křenek P, Ovečka M, Šamajová O, Floková P, Illešová P, Šnaurová R, Šamaj J, Komis G. Complementary Superresolution Visualization of Composite Plant Microtubule Organization and Dynamics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:693. [PMID: 32582243 PMCID: PMC7290007 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule bundling is an essential mechanism underlying the biased organization of interphase and mitotic microtubular systems of eukaryotes in ordered arrays. Microtubule bundle formation can be exemplified in plants, where the formation of parallel microtubule systems in the cell cortex or the spindle midzone is largely owing to the microtubule crosslinking activity of a family of microtubule associated proteins, designated as MAP65s. Among the nine members of this family in Arabidopsis thaliana, MAP65-1 and MAP65-2 are ubiquitous and functionally redundant. Crosslinked microtubules can form high-order arrays, which are difficult to track using widefield or confocal laser scanning microscopy approaches. Here, we followed spatiotemporal patterns of MAP65-2 localization in hypocotyl cells of Arabidopsis stably expressing fluorescent protein fusions of MAP65-2 and tubulin. To circumvent imaging difficulties arising from the density of cortical microtubule bundles, we use different superresolution approaches including Airyscan confocal laser scanning microscopy (ACLSM), structured illumination microscopy (SIM), total internal reflection SIM (TIRF-SIM), and photoactivation localization microscopy (PALM). We provide insights into spatiotemporal relations between microtubules and MAP65-2 crossbridges by combining SIM and ACLSM. We obtain further details on MAP65-2 distribution by single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) imaging of either mEos3.2-MAP65-2 stochastic photoconversion, or eGFP-MAP65-2 stochastic emission fluctuations under specific illumination conditions. Time-dependent dynamics of MAP65-2 were tracked at variable time resolution using SIM, TIRF-SIM, and ACLSM and post-acquisition kymograph analysis. ACLSM imaging further allowed to track end-wise dynamics of microtubules labeled with TUA6-GFP and to correlate them with concomitant fluctuations of MAP65-2 tagged with tagRFP. All different microscopy modules examined herein are accompanied by restrictions in either the spatial resolution achieved, or in the frame rates of image acquisition. PALM imaging is compromised by speed of acquisition. This limitation was partially compensated by exploiting emission fluctuations of eGFP which allowed much higher photon counts at substantially smaller time series compared to mEos3.2. SIM, TIRF-SIM, and ACLSM were the methods of choice to follow the dynamics of MAP65-2 in bundles of different complexity. Conclusively, the combination of different superresolution methods allowed for inferences on the distribution and dynamics of MAP65-2 within microtubule bundles of living A. thaliana cells.
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21
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Ding L, Zhao K, Zhang X, Song A, Su J, Hu Y, Zhao W, Jiang J, Chen F. Comprehensive characterization of a floral mutant reveals the mechanism of hooked petal morphogenesis in Chrysanthemum morifolium. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:2325-2340. [PMID: 31050173 PMCID: PMC6835125 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of form of the chrysanthemum flower makes this species an ideal model for studying petal morphogenesis, but as yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying petal shape development remain largely unexplored. Here, a floral mutant, which arose as a bud sport in a plant of the variety 'Anastasia Dark Green', and formed straight, rather than hooked petals, was subjected to both comparative morphological analysis and transcriptome profiling. The hooked petals only became discernible during a late stage of flower development. At the late stage of 'Anastasia Dark Green', genes related to chloroplast, hormone metabolism, cell wall and microtubules were active, as were cell division-promoting factors. Auxin concentration was significantly reduced, and a positive regulator of cell expansion was down-regulated. Two types of critical candidates, boundary genes and adaxial-abaxial regulators, were identified from 7937 differentially expressed genes in pairwise comparisons, which were up-regulated at the late stage in 'Anastasia Dark Green' and another two hooked varieties. Ectopic expression of a candidate abaxial gene, CmYAB1, in chrysanthemum led to changes in petal curvature and inflorescence morphology. Our findings provide new insights into the regulatory networks underlying chrysanthemum petal morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementKey Laboratory of LandscapingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Kunkun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementKey Laboratory of LandscapingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementKey Laboratory of LandscapingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Aiping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementKey Laboratory of LandscapingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiangshuo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementKey Laboratory of LandscapingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yueheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementKey Laboratory of LandscapingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wenqian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementKey Laboratory of LandscapingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementKey Laboratory of LandscapingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Fadi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementKey Laboratory of LandscapingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of HorticultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
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Sasaki T, Tsutsumi M, Otomo K, Murata T, Yagi N, Nakamura M, Nemoto T, Hasebe M, Oda Y. A Novel Katanin-Tethering Machinery Accelerates Cytokinesis. Curr Biol 2019; 29:4060-4070.e3. [PMID: 31735673 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytokinesis is fundamental for cell proliferation [1, 2]. In plants, a bipolar short-microtubule array forms the phragmoplast, which mediates vesicle transport to the midzone and guides the formation of cell walls that separate the mother cell into two daughter cells [2]. The phragmoplast centrifugally expands toward the cell cortex to guide cell-plate formation at the cortical division site [3, 4]. Several proteins in the phragmoplast midzone facilitate the anti-parallel bundling of microtubules and vesicle accumulation [5]. However, the mechanisms by which short microtubules are maintained during phragmoplast development, in particular, the behavior of microtubules at the distal zone of phragmoplasts, are poorly understood. Here, we show that a plant-specific protein, CORTICAL MICROTUBULE DISORDERING 4 (CORD4), tethers the conserved microtubule-severing protein katanin to facilitate formation of the short-microtubule array in phragmoplasts. CORD4 was specifically expressed during mitosis and localized to preprophase bands and phragmoplast microtubules. Custom-made two-photon spinning disk confocal microscopy revealed that CORD4 rapidly localized to microtubules in the distal phragmoplast zone during phragmoplast assembly at late anaphase and persisted throughout phragmoplast expansion. Loss of CORD4 caused abnormally long and oblique phragmoplast microtubules and slow expansion of phragmoplasts. The p60 katanin subunit, KTN1, localized to the distal phragmoplast zone in a CORD4-dependent manner. These results suggest that CORD4 tethers KTN1 at phragmoplasts to modulate microtubule length, thereby accelerating phragmoplast growth. This reveals the presence of a distinct machinery to accelerate cytokinesis by regulating the action of katanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takema Sasaki
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Motosuke Tsutsumi
- Nikon Imaging Center, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Kohei Otomo
- Nikon Imaging Center, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan; Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0814, Japan
| | - Takashi Murata
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Yagi
- Institute of transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakamura
- Institute of transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nemoto
- Nikon Imaging Center, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan; Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0814, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Hasebe
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Oda
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.
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23
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Müller S, Livanos P. Plant Kinesin-12: Localization Heterogeneity and Functional Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174213. [PMID: 31466291 PMCID: PMC6747500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-12 family members are characterized by an N-terminal motor domain and the extensive presence of coiled-coil domains. Animal orthologs display microtubule plus-end directed motility, bundling of parallel and antiparallel microtubules, plus-end stabilization, and they play a crucial role in spindle assembly. In plants, kinesin-12 members mediate a number of developmental processes including male gametophyte, embryo, seedling, and seed development. At the cellular level, they participate in critical events during cell division. Several kinesin-12 members localize to the phragmoplast midzone, interact with isoforms of the conserved microtubule cross-linker MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 65 (MAP65) family, and are required for phragmoplast stability and expansion, as well as for proper cell plate development. Throughout cell division, a subset of kinesin-12 reside, in addition or exclusively, at the cortical division zone and mediate the accurate guidance of the phragmoplast. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on kinesin-12 in plants and shed some light onto the heterogeneous localization and domain architecture, which potentially conceals functional diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Müller
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Pantelis Livanos
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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24
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Burkart GM, Dixit R. Microtubule bundling by MAP65-1 protects against severing by inhibiting the binding of katanin. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1587-1597. [PMID: 31017848 DOI: 10.1101/520445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-severing enzyme katanin (KTN1) regulates the organization and turnover of microtubule arrays by the localized breakdown of microtubule polymers. In land plants, KTN1 activity is essential for the formation of linearly organized cortical microtubule arrays that determine the axis of cell expansion. Cell biological studies have shown that even though KTN1 binds to the sidewalls of single and bundled microtubules, severing activity is restricted to microtubule cross-over and nucleation sites, indicating that cells contain protective mechanisms to prevent indiscriminate microtubule severing. Here, we show that the microtubule-bundling protein MAP65-1 inhibits KTN1-mediated microtubule severing in vitro. Severing is inhibited at bundled microtubule segments and the severing rate of nonbundled microtubules is reduced by MAP65-1 in a concentration-dependent manner. Using various MAP65-1 mutant proteins, we demonstrate that efficient cross-linking of microtubules is crucial for this protective effect and that microtubule binding alone is not sufficient. Reduced severing due to microtubule bundling by MAP65-1 correlated to decreased binding of KTN1 to these microtubules. Taken together, our work reveals that cross-linking of microtubules by MAP65-1 confers resistance to severing by inhibiting the binding of KTN1 and identifies the structural features of MAP65-1 that are important for this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham M Burkart
- Department of Biology and Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Ram Dixit
- Department of Biology and Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
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25
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Abstract
Plant cells divide their cytoplasmic content by forming a new membrane compartment, the cell plate, via a rerouting of the secretory pathway toward the division plane aided by a dynamic cytoskeletal apparatus known as the phragmoplast. The phragmoplast expands centrifugally and directs the cell plate to the preselected division site at the plasma membrane to fuse with the parental wall. The division site is transiently decorated by the cytoskeletal preprophase band in preprophase and prophase, whereas a number of proteins discovered over the last decade reside continuously at the division site and provide a lasting spatial reference for phragmoplast guidance. Recent studies of membrane fusion at the cell plate have revealed the contribution of functionally conserved eukaryotic proteins to distinct stages of cell plate biogenesis and emphasize the coupling of cell plate formation with phragmoplast expansion. Together with novel findings concerning preprophase band function and the setup of the division site, cytokinesis and its spatial control remain an open-ended field with outstanding and challenging questions to resolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantelis Livanos
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; ,
| | - Sabine Müller
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; ,
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26
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Burkart GM, Dixit R. Microtubule bundling by MAP65-1 protects against severing by inhibiting the binding of katanin. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1587-1597. [PMID: 31017848 PMCID: PMC6727635 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-12-0776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-severing enzyme katanin (KTN1) regulates the organization and turnover of microtubule arrays by the localized breakdown of microtubule polymers. In land plants, KTN1 activity is essential for the formation of linearly organized cortical microtubule arrays that determine the axis of cell expansion. Cell biological studies have shown that even though KTN1 binds to the sidewalls of single and bundled microtubules, severing activity is restricted to microtubule cross-over and nucleation sites, indicating that cells contain protective mechanisms to prevent indiscriminate microtubule severing. Here, we show that the microtubule-bundling protein MAP65-1 inhibits KTN1-mediated microtubule severing in vitro. Severing is inhibited at bundled microtubule segments and the severing rate of nonbundled microtubules is reduced by MAP65-1 in a concentration-dependent manner. Using various MAP65-1 mutant proteins, we demonstrate that efficient cross-linking of microtubules is crucial for this protective effect and that microtubule binding alone is not sufficient. Reduced severing due to microtubule bundling by MAP65-1 correlated to decreased binding of KTN1 to these microtubules. Taken together, our work reveals that cross-linking of microtubules by MAP65-1 confers resistance to severing by inhibiting the binding of KTN1 and identifies the structural features of MAP65-1 that are important for this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham M Burkart
- Department of Biology and Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Ram Dixit
- Department of Biology and Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
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27
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Herrmann A, Livanos P, Lipka E, Gadeyne A, Hauser MT, Van Damme D, Müller S. Dual localized kinesin-12 POK2 plays multiple roles during cell division and interacts with MAP65-3. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:e46085. [PMID: 30002118 PMCID: PMC6123660 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesins are versatile nano-machines that utilize variable non-motor domains to tune specific motor microtubule encounters. During plant cytokinesis, the kinesin-12 orthologs, PHRAGMOPLAST ORIENTING KINESIN (POK)1 and POK2, are essential for rapid centrifugal expansion of the cytokinetic apparatus, the phragmoplast, toward a pre-selected cell plate fusion site at the cell cortex. Here, we report on the spatio-temporal localization pattern of POK2, mediated by distinct protein domains. Functional dissection of POK2 domains revealed the association of POK2 with the site of the future cell division plane and with the phragmoplast during cytokinesis. Accumulation of POK2 at the phragmoplast midzone depends on its functional POK2 motor domain and is fine-tuned by its carboxy-terminal region that also directs POK2 to the division site. Furthermore, POK2 likely stabilizes the phragmoplast midzone via interaction with the conserved microtubule-associated protein MAP65-3/PLEIADE, a well-established microtubule cross-linker. Collectively, our results suggest that dual localized POK2 plays multiple roles during plant cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvid Herrmann
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology - Developmental Genetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pantelis Livanos
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology - Developmental Genetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Lipka
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology - Developmental Genetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Astrid Gadeyne
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie-Theres Hauser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sabine Müller
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology - Developmental Genetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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28
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Zhang H, Deng X, Sun B, Lee Van S, Kang Z, Lin H, Lee YRJ, Liu B. Role of the BUB3 protein in phragmoplast microtubule reorganization during cytokinesis. NATURE PLANTS 2018; 4:485-494. [PMID: 29967519 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0192-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved WD40 protein budding uninhibited by benzimidazole 3 (BUB3) is known for its function in spindle assembly checkpoint control. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, nearly identical BUB3;1 and BUB3;2 proteins decorated the phragmoplast midline through interaction with the microtubule-associated protein MAP65-3 during cytokinesis. BUB3;1 and BUB3;2 interacted with the carboxy-terminal segment of MAP65-3 (but not MAP65-1), which harbours its microtubule-binding domain for its post-mitotic localization. Reciprocally, BUB3;1 and BUB3;2 also regulated MAP65-3 localization in the phragmoplast by enhancing its microtubule association. In the bub3;1 bub3;2 double mutant, MAP65-3 localization was often dissipated away from the phragmoplast midline and abolished upon treatment of low doses of the cytokinesis inhibitory drug caffeine that were tolerated by the control plant. The phragmoplast microtubule array exhibited uncoordinated expansion pattern in the double mutant cells as the phragmoplast edge reached the parental plasma membrane at different times in different areas. Upon caffeine treatment, phragmoplast expansion was halted as if the microtubule array was frozen. As a result, cytokinesis was abolished due to failed cell plate assembly. Our findings have uncovered a novel function of the plant BUB3 in MAP65-3-dependent microtubule reorganization during cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xingguang Deng
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Baojuan Sun
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sonny Lee Van
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Honghui Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuh-Ru Julie Lee
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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29
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Smertenko A, Hewitt SL, Jacques CN, Kacprzyk R, Liu Y, Marcec MJ, Moyo L, Ogden A, Oung HM, Schmidt S, Serrano-Romero EA. Phragmoplast microtubule dynamics - a game of zones. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.203331. [PMID: 29074579 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.203331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant morphogenesis relies on the accurate positioning of the partition (cell plate) between dividing cells during cytokinesis. The cell plate is synthetized by a specialized structure called the phragmoplast, which consists of microtubules, actin filaments, membrane compartments and associated proteins. The phragmoplast forms between daughter nuclei during the transition from anaphase to telophase. As cells are commonly larger than the originally formed phragmoplast, the construction of the cell plate requires phragmoplast expansion. This expansion depends on microtubule polymerization at the phragmoplast forefront (leading zone) and loss at the back (lagging zone). Leading and lagging zones sandwich the 'transition' zone. A population of stable microtubules in the transition zone facilitates transport of building materials to the midzone where the cell plate assembly takes place. Whereas microtubules undergo dynamic instability in all zones, the overall balance appears to be shifted towards depolymerization in the lagging zone. Polymerization of microtubules behind the lagging zone has not been reported to date, suggesting that microtubule loss there is irreversible. In this Review, we discuss: (1) the regulation of microtubule dynamics in the phragmoplast zones during expansion; (2) mechanisms of the midzone establishment and initiation of cell plate biogenesis; and (3) signaling in the phragmoplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Smertenko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164, USA .,Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Seanna L Hewitt
- Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.,Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Caitlin N Jacques
- Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.,Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Rafal Kacprzyk
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Matthew J Marcec
- Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.,Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Lindani Moyo
- Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.,Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Aaron Ogden
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.,Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Hui Min Oung
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.,Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Sharol Schmidt
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.,Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Erika A Serrano-Romero
- Molecular Plant Sciences Graduate Program, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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30
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Lv S, Miao H, Luo M, Li Y, Wang Q, Julie Lee YR, Liu B. CAPPI: A Cytoskeleton-Based Localization Assay Reports Protein-Protein Interaction in Living Cells by Fluorescence Microscopy. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:1473-1476. [PMID: 28939449 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sulian Lv
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Miao
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yinxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yuh-Ru Julie Lee
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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31
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Li H, Sun B, Sasabe M, Deng X, Machida Y, Lin H, Julie Lee YR, Liu B. Arabidopsis MAP65-4 plays a role in phragmoplast microtubule organization and marks the cortical cell division site. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215:187-201. [PMID: 28370001 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved MAP65 family proteins bundle anti-parallel microtubules (MTs). In Arabidopsis thaliana, mutations in the MAP65-3 gene lead to serious defects in MT organization in the phragmoplast and cause failures in cytokinesis. However, the functions of other ArabidopsisMAP65 isoforms are largely unknown. MAP65 functions were analyzed based on genetic interactions among different map65 mutations. Live-cell imaging and immunolocalization experiments revealed dynamic activities of two closely related MAP65 proteins in dividing cells. The map65-4 mutation caused synthetic lethality with map65-3 although map65-4 alone did not cause a noticeable phenotype. Furthermore, the introduction of an extra copy of the MAP65-4 gene significantly suppressed defects in cytokinesis and seedling growth caused by map65-3 because of restoring MT engagement in the spindle midzone. During mitosis, MAP65-4 first appeared at the preprophase band and persisted at the cortical division site afterwards. It was also concentrated on MTs in the spindle midzone and the phragmoplast. In the absence of MAP65-3, MAP65-4 exhibited greatly enhanced localization in the midzone of developing phragmoplast. Therefore, we have uncovered redundant but differential contributions of MAP65-3 and MAP65-4 to engaging and bundling anti-parallel MTs in the phragmoplast and disclosed a novel action of MAP65-4 at the cortical cell division site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoge Li
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, China
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Baojuan Sun
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Michiko Sasabe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Xingguang Deng
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources & Eco-environment, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yasunori Machida
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Honghui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources & Eco-environment, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Y-R Julie Lee
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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32
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Sidorchuk YV, Deineko EV. Cytoskeletal mechanisms in positioning of the second-division spindles and meiotic restitution in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) microsporogenesis. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:669-679. [PMID: 28387429 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Microsporogenesis patterns of the polyploid (2n = 4x = 96) and diploid (2n = 2x = 48) Nicotiana tabacum L. (cv. Havana Petit line SR1) plants have been analyzed and compared. Four types of abnormal positions of the second-division spindles-tripolar, parallel, proximal, and fused-have been observed. Of these abnormalities, only tripolar (2.4%) and parallel (1.4%) spindles are observable in diploid plants. As for polyploids, the increased ploidy is accompanied by an increase in the incidence of tripolar (22.8%) and parallel (8.1%) spindle orientations and emergence of two remaining abnormalities (proximal and fused spindles, 3.3%). As has been shown, the spindle position abnormalities in diploid plants have no effect on the meiotic products, whereas both dyads and triads are detectable among the tetrads in polyploid plants. Analysis of cytoskeletal remodeling has allowed for the insight into the role of interzonal radial microtubule system in spindle positioning during the second division. The reason underlying the change in spindle positioning is disturbed polymerization-depolymerization processes and interdigitation of microtubule plus ends within the interzonal cytoskeleton system in late telophase I-interkinesis and prophase II. As has been demonstrated, fused second-division spindles are formed as a result of fused cytoskeletal structures in prophase-prometaphase II in the case when the nuclei are drawn abnormally close to one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Vladimirovich Sidorchuk
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Victorovna Deineko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Lavrentyeva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
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33
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Vyplelová P, Ovečka M, Šamaj J. Alfalfa Root Growth Rate Correlates with Progression of Microtubules during Mitosis and Cytokinesis as Revealed by Environmental Light-Sheet Microscopy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1870. [PMID: 29163595 PMCID: PMC5670501 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell division and expansion are two fundamental biological processes supporting indeterminate root growth and development of plants. Quantitative evaluations of cell divisions related to root growth analyses have been performed in several model crop and non-crop plant species, but not in important legume plant Medicago sativa. Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) is an advanced imaging technique widely used in animal developmental biology, providing efficient fast optical sectioning under physiological conditions with considerably reduced phototoxicity and photobleaching. Long-term 4D imaging of living plants offers advantages for developmental cell biology not available in other microscopy approaches. Recently, LSFM was implemented in plant developmental biology studies, however, it is largely restricted to the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Cellular and subcellular events in crop species and robust plant samples have not been studied by this method yet. Therefore we performed LSFM long-term live imaging of growing root tips of transgenic alfalfa plants expressing the fluorescent molecular marker for the microtubule-binding domain (GFP-MBD), in order to study dynamic patterns of microtubule arrays during mitotic cell division. Quantitative evaluations of cell division progress in the two root tissues (epidermis and cortex) clearly indicate that root growth rate is correlated with duration of cell division in alfalfa roots. Our results favor non-invasive environmental LSFM as one of the most suitable methods for qualitative and quantitative cellular and developmental imaging of living transgenic legume crops.
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Steiner A, Rybak K, Altmann M, McFarlane HE, Klaeger S, Nguyen N, Facher E, Ivakov A, Wanner G, Kuster B, Persson S, Braun P, Hauser MT, Assaad FF. Cell cycle-regulated PLEIADE/AtMAP65-3 links membrane and microtubule dynamics during plant cytokinesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 88:531-541. [PMID: 27420177 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinesis, the partitioning of the cytoplasm following nuclear division, requires extensive coordination between cell cycle cues, membrane trafficking and microtubule dynamics. Plant cytokinesis occurs within a transient membrane compartment known as the cell plate, to which vesicles are delivered by a plant-specific microtubule array, the phragmoplast. While membrane proteins required for cytokinesis are known, how these are coordinated with microtubule dynamics and regulated by cell cycle cues remains unclear. Here, we document physical and genetic interactions between Transport Protein Particle II (TRAPPII) tethering factors and microtubule-associated proteins of the PLEIADE/AtMAP65 family. These interactions do not specifically affect the recruitment of either TRAPPII or MAP65 proteins to the cell plate or midzone. Rather, and based on single versus double mutant phenotypes, it appears that they are required to coordinate cytokinesis with the nuclear division cycle. As MAP65 family members are known to be targets of cell cycle-regulated kinases, our results provide a conceptual framework for how membrane and microtubule dynamics may be coordinated with each other and with the nuclear cycle during plant cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Rybak
- Botany, Technische Universität München, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Melina Altmann
- Plant Systems Biology, Technische Universität München, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Heather E McFarlane
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Postdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Susan Klaeger
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technische Universität München, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Ngoc Nguyen
- Botany, Technische Universität München, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Eva Facher
- Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximillians Universität, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Alexander Ivakov
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Postdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximillians Universität, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technische Universität München, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Staffan Persson
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Postdam, 14476, Germany
- School of Biosciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pascal Braun
- Plant Systems Biology, Technische Universität München, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Hauser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Farhah F Assaad
- Botany, Technische Universität München, Freising, 85354, Germany
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Steiner A, Müller L, Rybak K, Vodermaier V, Facher E, Thellmann M, Ravikumar R, Wanner G, Hauser MT, Assaad FF. The Membrane-Associated Sec1/Munc18 KEULE is Required for Phragmoplast Microtubule Reorganization During Cytokinesis in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:528-540. [PMID: 26700031 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinesis, the partitioning of the cytoplasm following nuclear division, requires extensive coordination between membrane trafficking and cytoskeletal dynamics. In plants, the onset of cytokinesis is characterized by the assembly of a bipolar microtubule array, the phragmoplast, and of a transient membrane compartment, the cell plate. Little is known about the coordination between membrane deposition at the cell plate and the dynamics of phragmoplast microtubules. In this study, we monitor the localization dynamics of microtubule and membrane markers throughout cytokinesis. Our spatiotemporal resolution is consistent with the general view that microtubule dynamics drive membrane movements. Nonetheless, we provide evidence for active sorting at the cell plate and show that this is, at least in part, mediated by the TRAPPII tethering complex. We also characterize phragmoplast microtubule organization and cell plate formation in a suite of cytokinesis-defective mutants. Of four mutant lines with defects in phragmoplast microtubule organization, only mor1 microtubule-associated mutants exhibited aberrant cell plates. Conversely, the mutants with the strongest impairment in phragmoplast microtubule reorganization are keule alleles, which have a primary defect in membrane fusion. Our findings identify the SEC1/Munc18 protein KEULE as a central regulatory node in the coordination of membrane and microtubule dynamics during plant cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Steiner
- Botany Department, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Street 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Lin Müller
- Botany Department, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Street 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Rybak
- Botany Department, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Street 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Vera Vodermaier
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Facher
- Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximillians Universität, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martha Thellmann
- Botany Department, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Street 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Raksha Ravikumar
- Botany Department, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Street 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Department Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximillians Universität, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Hauser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Farhah F Assaad
- Botany Department, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Street 4, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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Abu-Abied M, Mordehaev I, Sunil Kumar GB, Ophir R, Wasteneys GO, Sadot E. Analysis of Microtubule-Associated-Proteins during IBA-Mediated Adventitious Root Induction Reveals KATANIN Dependent and Independent Alterations of Expression Patterns. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143828. [PMID: 26630265 PMCID: PMC4668071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adventitious roots (AR) are post embryonic lateral organs that differentiate from non-root tissues. The understanding of the molecular mechanism which underlies their differentiation is important because of their central role in vegetative plant propagation. Here it was studied how the expression of different microtubule (MT)-associated proteins (MAPs) is affected during AR induction, and whether expression differences are dependent on MT organization itself. To examine AR formation when MTs are disturbed we used two mutants in the MT severing protein KATANIN. It was found that rate and number of AR primordium formed following IBA induction for three days was reduced in bot1-1 and bot1-7 plants. The reduced capacity to form ARs in bot1-1 was associated with altered expression of MAP-encoding genes along AR induction. While the expression of MAP65-4, MAP65-3, AURORA1, AURORA2 and TANGLED, increased in wild-type but not in bot1-1 plants, the expression of MAP65-8 and MDP25 decreased in wild type plants but not in the bot1-1 plant after two days of IBA-treatment. The expression of MOR1 was increased two days after AR induction in wild type and bot1-1 plants. To examine its expression specifically in AR primordium, MOR1 upstream regulatory sequence was isolated and cloned to regulate GFP. Expression of GFP was induced in the primary root tips and lateral roots, in the pericycle of the hypocotyls and in all stages of AR primordium formation. It is concluded that the expression of MAPs is regulated along AR induction and that reduction in KATANIN expression inhibits AR formation and indirectly influences the specific expression of some MAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Abu-Abied
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Inna Mordehaev
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | | | - Ron Ophir
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Geoffrey O. Wasteneys
- Department of Botany, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Einat Sadot
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, ARO, Bet-Dagan, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Boruc J, Van Damme D. Endomembrane trafficking overarching cell plate formation. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 28:92-8. [PMID: 26485667 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
By contrast to other eukaryotic kingdoms, plant cytokinesis is an inside-out process. A coordinated action of cytoskeletal transitions and endomembrane trafficking events builds a novel membrane compartment, the cell plate. Deposition of cell wall polymers transforms the lumen of this membrane compartment into a new cross wall, physically separating the daughter cells. The characterization of tethering complexes acting at discrete phases during cell plate formation and upstream of vesicle fusion events, the presence of modulators directing secretion and recycling during cytokinesis, as well as the identification and temporal recruitment of the endocytic machinery, provides a starting point to dissect the transitions in endomembrane trafficking which shape this process. This review aims to integrate recent findings on endomembrane trafficking events which spatio-temporally act to construct the cell plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Boruc
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Van Damme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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Plant cytokinesis-No ring, no constriction but centrifugal construction of the partitioning membrane. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 53:10-8. [PMID: 26529278 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a unique way of partitioning the cytoplasm of dividing cells: Instead of forming a contractile ring that constricts the plasma membrane, plant cells target membrane vesicles to the plane of division where the vesicles fuse with one another to form the partitioning membrane. Plant cytokinesis starts in the centre and progresses towards the periphery, culminating in the fusion of the partitioning membrane with the parental plasma membrane. This membrane dynamics is orchestrated by a specific cytoskeletal array named phragmoplast that originates from interzone spindle remnants. Here we review the properties of the process as well as molecules that play specific roles in that process.
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Larrainzar E, Riely BK, Kim SC, Carrasquilla-Garcia N, Yu HJ, Hwang HJ, Oh M, Kim GB, Surendrarao AK, Chasman D, Siahpirani AF, Penmetsa RV, Lee GS, Kim N, Roy S, Mun JH, Cook DR. Deep Sequencing of the Medicago truncatula Root Transcriptome Reveals a Massive and Early Interaction between Nodulation Factor and Ethylene Signals. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:233-65. [PMID: 26175514 PMCID: PMC4577383 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The legume-rhizobium symbiosis is initiated through the activation of the Nodulation (Nod) factor-signaling cascade, leading to a rapid reprogramming of host cell developmental pathways. In this work, we combine transcriptome sequencing with molecular genetics and network analysis to quantify and categorize the transcriptional changes occurring in roots of Medicago truncatula from minutes to days after inoculation with Sinorhizobium medicae. To identify the nature of the inductive and regulatory cues, we employed mutants with absent or decreased Nod factor sensitivities (i.e. Nodulation factor perception and Lysine motif domain-containing receptor-like kinase3, respectively) and an ethylene (ET)-insensitive, Nod factor-hypersensitive mutant (sickle). This unique data set encompasses nine time points, allowing observation of the symbiotic regulation of diverse biological processes with high temporal resolution. Among the many outputs of the study is the early Nod factor-induced, ET-regulated expression of ET signaling and biosynthesis genes. Coupled with the observation of massive transcriptional derepression in the ET-insensitive background, these results suggest that Nod factor signaling activates ET production to attenuate its own signal. Promoter:β-glucuronidase fusions report ET biosynthesis both in root hairs responding to rhizobium as well as in meristematic tissue during nodule organogenesis and growth, indicating that ET signaling functions at multiple developmental stages during symbiosis. In addition, we identified thousands of novel candidate genes undergoing Nod factor-dependent, ET-regulated expression. We leveraged the power of this large data set to model Nod factor- and ET-regulated signaling networks using MERLIN, a regulatory network inference algorithm. These analyses predict key nodes regulating the biological process impacted by Nod factor perception. We have made these results available to the research community through a searchable online resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estíbaliz Larrainzar
- Department of Plant Pathology (E.L., B.K.R., N.C.-G., R.V.P., D.R.C) and Plant Biology Graduate Group (A.K.S.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea (S.C.K., N.K.);Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea (H.-J.Y.);Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (H.-J.H., M.O., G.-S.L.);Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Republic of Korea (G.B.K., J.-H.M.);Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 (D.C., S.R.); andDepartment of Computer Sciences (A.F.S.) and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
| | - Brendan K Riely
- Department of Plant Pathology (E.L., B.K.R., N.C.-G., R.V.P., D.R.C) and Plant Biology Graduate Group (A.K.S.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea (S.C.K., N.K.);Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea (H.-J.Y.);Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (H.-J.H., M.O., G.-S.L.);Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Republic of Korea (G.B.K., J.-H.M.);Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 (D.C., S.R.); andDepartment of Computer Sciences (A.F.S.) and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
| | - Sang Cheol Kim
- Department of Plant Pathology (E.L., B.K.R., N.C.-G., R.V.P., D.R.C) and Plant Biology Graduate Group (A.K.S.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea (S.C.K., N.K.);Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea (H.-J.Y.);Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (H.-J.H., M.O., G.-S.L.);Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Republic of Korea (G.B.K., J.-H.M.);Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 (D.C., S.R.); andDepartment of Computer Sciences (A.F.S.) and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
| | - Noelia Carrasquilla-Garcia
- Department of Plant Pathology (E.L., B.K.R., N.C.-G., R.V.P., D.R.C) and Plant Biology Graduate Group (A.K.S.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea (S.C.K., N.K.);Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea (H.-J.Y.);Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (H.-J.H., M.O., G.-S.L.);Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Republic of Korea (G.B.K., J.-H.M.);Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 (D.C., S.R.); andDepartment of Computer Sciences (A.F.S.) and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
| | - Hee-Ju Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology (E.L., B.K.R., N.C.-G., R.V.P., D.R.C) and Plant Biology Graduate Group (A.K.S.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea (S.C.K., N.K.);Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea (H.-J.Y.);Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (H.-J.H., M.O., G.-S.L.);Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Republic of Korea (G.B.K., J.-H.M.);Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 (D.C., S.R.); andDepartment of Computer Sciences (A.F.S.) and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
| | - Hyun-Ju Hwang
- Department of Plant Pathology (E.L., B.K.R., N.C.-G., R.V.P., D.R.C) and Plant Biology Graduate Group (A.K.S.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea (S.C.K., N.K.);Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea (H.-J.Y.);Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (H.-J.H., M.O., G.-S.L.);Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Republic of Korea (G.B.K., J.-H.M.);Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 (D.C., S.R.); andDepartment of Computer Sciences (A.F.S.) and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
| | - Mijin Oh
- Department of Plant Pathology (E.L., B.K.R., N.C.-G., R.V.P., D.R.C) and Plant Biology Graduate Group (A.K.S.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea (S.C.K., N.K.);Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea (H.-J.Y.);Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (H.-J.H., M.O., G.-S.L.);Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Republic of Korea (G.B.K., J.-H.M.);Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 (D.C., S.R.); andDepartment of Computer Sciences (A.F.S.) and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
| | - Goon Bo Kim
- Department of Plant Pathology (E.L., B.K.R., N.C.-G., R.V.P., D.R.C) and Plant Biology Graduate Group (A.K.S.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea (S.C.K., N.K.);Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea (H.-J.Y.);Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (H.-J.H., M.O., G.-S.L.);Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Republic of Korea (G.B.K., J.-H.M.);Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 (D.C., S.R.); andDepartment of Computer Sciences (A.F.S.) and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
| | - Anandkumar K Surendrarao
- Department of Plant Pathology (E.L., B.K.R., N.C.-G., R.V.P., D.R.C) and Plant Biology Graduate Group (A.K.S.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea (S.C.K., N.K.);Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea (H.-J.Y.);Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (H.-J.H., M.O., G.-S.L.);Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Republic of Korea (G.B.K., J.-H.M.);Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 (D.C., S.R.); andDepartment of Computer Sciences (A.F.S.) and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
| | - Deborah Chasman
- Department of Plant Pathology (E.L., B.K.R., N.C.-G., R.V.P., D.R.C) and Plant Biology Graduate Group (A.K.S.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea (S.C.K., N.K.);Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea (H.-J.Y.);Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (H.-J.H., M.O., G.-S.L.);Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Republic of Korea (G.B.K., J.-H.M.);Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 (D.C., S.R.); andDepartment of Computer Sciences (A.F.S.) and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
| | - Alireza F Siahpirani
- Department of Plant Pathology (E.L., B.K.R., N.C.-G., R.V.P., D.R.C) and Plant Biology Graduate Group (A.K.S.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea (S.C.K., N.K.);Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea (H.-J.Y.);Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (H.-J.H., M.O., G.-S.L.);Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Republic of Korea (G.B.K., J.-H.M.);Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 (D.C., S.R.); andDepartment of Computer Sciences (A.F.S.) and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
| | - Ramachandra V Penmetsa
- Department of Plant Pathology (E.L., B.K.R., N.C.-G., R.V.P., D.R.C) and Plant Biology Graduate Group (A.K.S.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea (S.C.K., N.K.);Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea (H.-J.Y.);Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (H.-J.H., M.O., G.-S.L.);Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Republic of Korea (G.B.K., J.-H.M.);Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 (D.C., S.R.); andDepartment of Computer Sciences (A.F.S.) and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
| | - Gang-Seob Lee
- Department of Plant Pathology (E.L., B.K.R., N.C.-G., R.V.P., D.R.C) and Plant Biology Graduate Group (A.K.S.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea (S.C.K., N.K.);Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea (H.-J.Y.);Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (H.-J.H., M.O., G.-S.L.);Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Republic of Korea (G.B.K., J.-H.M.);Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 (D.C., S.R.); andDepartment of Computer Sciences (A.F.S.) and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
| | - Namshin Kim
- Department of Plant Pathology (E.L., B.K.R., N.C.-G., R.V.P., D.R.C) and Plant Biology Graduate Group (A.K.S.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea (S.C.K., N.K.);Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea (H.-J.Y.);Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (H.-J.H., M.O., G.-S.L.);Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Republic of Korea (G.B.K., J.-H.M.);Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 (D.C., S.R.); andDepartment of Computer Sciences (A.F.S.) and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
| | - Sushmita Roy
- Department of Plant Pathology (E.L., B.K.R., N.C.-G., R.V.P., D.R.C) and Plant Biology Graduate Group (A.K.S.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea (S.C.K., N.K.);Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea (H.-J.Y.);Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (H.-J.H., M.O., G.-S.L.);Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Republic of Korea (G.B.K., J.-H.M.);Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 (D.C., S.R.); andDepartment of Computer Sciences (A.F.S.) and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
| | - Jeong-Hwan Mun
- Department of Plant Pathology (E.L., B.K.R., N.C.-G., R.V.P., D.R.C) and Plant Biology Graduate Group (A.K.S.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea (S.C.K., N.K.);Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea (H.-J.Y.);Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (H.-J.H., M.O., G.-S.L.);Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Republic of Korea (G.B.K., J.-H.M.);Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 (D.C., S.R.); andDepartment of Computer Sciences (A.F.S.) and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
| | - Douglas R Cook
- Department of Plant Pathology (E.L., B.K.R., N.C.-G., R.V.P., D.R.C) and Plant Biology Graduate Group (A.K.S.), University of California, Davis, California 95616;Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea (S.C.K., N.K.);Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea (H.-J.Y.);Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (H.-J.H., M.O., G.-S.L.);Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Republic of Korea (G.B.K., J.-H.M.);Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, Wisconsin 53715 (D.C., S.R.); andDepartment of Computer Sciences (A.F.S.) and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (S.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
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Lipka E, Herrmann A, Mueller S. Mechanisms of plant cell division. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 4:391-405. [PMID: 25809139 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Plant cells are confined by a network of cellulosic walls that imposes rigid control over the selection of division plane orientations, crucial for morphogenesis and genetically regulated. While in animal cells and yeast, the actin cytoskeleton is instrumental in the execution of cytokinesis, in plant cells the microtubule cytoskeleton is taking the lead in spatially controlling and executing cytokinesis by the formation of two unique, plant-specific arrays, the preprophase band (PPB) and the phragmoplast. The formation of microtubule arrays in plant cells is contingent on acentrosomal microtubule nucleation. At the onset of mitosis, the PPB defines the plane of cell division where the partitioning cell wall is later constructed by the cytokinetic phragmoplast, imposing a spatio-temporal relationship between the two processes. Current research progress in the field of plant cell division focuses on identifying and tying the links between early and late events in spatial control of cytokinesis and how microtubule array formation is regulated in plant cells.
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Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are highly conserved polar polymers that are key elements of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton and are essential for various cell functions. αβ-tubulin, a heterodimer containing one structural GTP and one hydrolysable and exchangeable GTP, is the building block of MTs and is formed by the sequential action of several molecular chaperones. GTP hydrolysis in the MT lattice is mechanistically coupled with MT growth, thus giving MTs a metastable and dynamic nature. MTs adopt several distinct higher-order organizations that function in cell division and cell morphogenesis. Small molecular weight compounds that bind tubulin are used as herbicides and as research tools to investigate MT functions in plant cells. The de novo formation of MTs in cells requires conserved γ-tubulin-containing complexes and targeting/activating regulatory proteins that contribute to the geometry of MT arrays. Various MT regulators and tubulin modifications control the dynamics and organization of MTs throughout the cell cycle and in response to developmental and environmental cues. Signaling pathways that converge on the regulation of versatile MT functions are being characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- Address correspondence to
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Paganelli L, Caillaud MC, Quentin M, Damiani I, Govetto B, Lecomte P, Karpov PA, Abad P, Chabouté ME, Favery B. Three BUB1 and BUBR1/MAD3-related spindle assembly checkpoint proteins are required for accurate mitosis in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:202-15. [PMID: 25262777 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a refined surveillance mechanism which ensures that chromosomes undergoing mitosis do not segregate until they are properly attached to the spindle microtubules (MT). The SAC has been extensively studied in metazoans and yeast, but little is known about its role in plants. We identified proteins interacting with a MT-associated protein MAP65-3, which plays a critical role in organising mitotic MT arrays, and carried out a functional analysis of previously and newly identified SAC components. We show that Arabidopsis SAC proteins BUB3.1, MAD2, BUBR1/MAD3s and BRK1 interact with each other and with MAP65-3. We found that two BUBR1/MAD3s interacted specifically at centromeres. When stably expressed in Arabidopsis, BRK1 localised to the kinetochores during all stages of the mitotic cell cycle. Early in mitosis, BUB3.1 and BUBR1/MAD3.1 localise to the mitotic spindle, where MAP65-3 organises spindle MTs. A double-knockout mad3.1 mad3.2 mutant presented spindle MT abnormalities, chromosome misalignments on the metaphase plate and the production of lagging chromosomes and micronuclei during mitosis. We conclude that BRK1 and BUBR1/MAD3-related proteins play a key role in ensuring faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis and that their interaction with MAP65-3 may be important for the regulation of MT-chromosome attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Paganelli
- UMR 1355, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRA, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903, Sophia-Antipolis, France; UMR 7254, CNRS, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903, Sophia-Antipolis, France; UMR 1355, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 400 route des Chappes, F-06903, Sophia-Antipolis, France
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Gene expression profiling in juvenile and mature cuttings of Eucalyptus grandis reveals the importance of microtubule remodeling during adventitious root formation. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:826. [PMID: 25266376 PMCID: PMC4190485 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ability to form adventitious roots (AR) is an economically important trait that is lost during the juvenile-to-mature phase change in woody plants. Auxin treatment, which generally promotes rooting in juvenile cuttings, is often ineffective when applied to mature cuttings. The molecular basis for this phenomenon in Eucalyptus grandis was addressed here. Results A comprehensive microarray analysis was performed in order to compare gene-expression profiles in juvenile and mature cuttings of E. grandis, with or without auxin treatment on days, 0, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 post AR induction. Under these conditions AR primordia were formed only in auxin-treated juvenile cuttings. However, clustering the expression profiles revealed that the time after induction contributed more significantly to the differences in expression than the developmental phase of the cuttings or auxin treatment. Most detected differences which were related to the developmental phase and auxin treatment occurred on day 6, which correlated with the kinetics of AR-primordia formation. Among the functional groups of transcripts that differed between juvenile and mature cuttings was that of microtubules (MT). The expression of 42 transcripts annotated as coding for tubulin, MT-associated proteins and kinesin motor proteins was validated in the same RNA samples. The results suggest a coordinated developmental and auxin dependent regulation of several MT-related transcripts in these cuttings. To determine the relevance of MT remodeling to AR formation, MTs were subjected to subtle perturbations by trifluralin, a MT disrupting drug, applied during auxin induction. Juvenile cuttings were not affected by the treatment, but rooting of mature cuttings increased from 10 to more than 40 percent. Conclusions The data suggest that juvenile-specific MT remodeling is involved in AR formation in E. grandis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-826) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Struk S, Dhonukshe P. MAPs: cellular navigators for microtubule array orientations in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:1-21. [PMID: 23903948 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules are subcellular nanotubes composed of α- and β-tubulin that arise from microtubule nucleation sites, mainly composed of γ-tubulin complexes [corrected]. Cell wall encased plant cells have evolved four distinct microtubule arrays that regulate cell division and expansion. Microtubule-associated proteins, the so called MAPs, construct, destruct and reorganize microtubule arrays thus regulating their spatiotemporal transitions during the cell cycle. By physically binding to microtubules and/or modulating their functions, MAPs control microtubule dynamic instability and/or interfilament cross talk. We survey the recent analyses of Arabidopsis MAPs such as MAP65, MOR1, CLASP, katanin, TON1, FASS, TRM, TAN1 and kinesins in terms of their effects on microtubule array organizations and plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Struk
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
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Hamada T. Microtubule organization and microtubule-associated proteins in plant cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 312:1-52. [PMID: 25262237 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800178-3.00001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Plants have unique microtubule (MT) arrays, cortical MTs, preprophase band, mitotic spindle, and phragmoplast, in the processes of evolution. These MT arrays control the directions of cell division and expansion especially in plants and are essential for plant morphogenesis and developments. Organizations and functions of these MT arrays are accomplished by diverse MT-associated proteins (MAPs). This review introduces 10 of conserved MAPs in eukaryote such as γ-TuC, augmin, katanin, kinesin, EB1, CLASP, MOR1/MAP215, MAP65, TPX2, formin, and several plant-specific MAPs such as CSI1, SPR2, MAP70, WVD2/WDL, RIP/MIDD, SPR1, MAP18/PCaP, EDE1, and MAP190. Most of the studies cited in this review have been analyzed in the particular model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. The significant knowledge of A. thaliana is the important established base to understand MT organizations and functions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hamada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Lee YRJ, Liu B. The rise and fall of the phragmoplast microtubule array. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 16:757-63. [PMID: 24172707 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The cytokinetic apparatus, the phragmoplast, contains a bipolar microtubule (MT) framework that has the MT plus ends concentrated at or near the division site. This anti-parallel MT array provides tracks for the transport of Golgi-derived vesicles toward the plus ends so that materials enclosed are subsequently deposited at the division site. Here we will discuss a proposed model of the centrifugal expansion of the phragmoplast that takes place concomitantly with the assembly of the cell plate, the ultimate product of vesicle fusion. The expansion is a result of continuous MT assembly at the phragmoplast periphery while the MTs toward the center of the phragmoplast are disassembled. These events are the result of MT-dependent MT polymerization, bundling of anti-parallel MTs coming from opposite sides of the division plane that occurs selectively at the phragmoplast periphery, positioning of the plus ends of cross-linked MTs at or near the division site by establishing a minimal MT-overlapping zone, and debundling of anti-parallel MTs that is triggered by phosphorylation of MT-associated proteins. The debundled MTs are disassembled at last by factors including the MT severing enzyme katanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Ru Julie Lee
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Gardiner J. The evolution and diversification of plant microtubule-associated proteins. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 75:219-29. [PMID: 23551562 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant evolution is marked by major advances in structural characteristics that facilitated the highly successful colonization of dry land. Underlying these advances is the evolution of genes encoding specialized proteins that form novel microtubular arrays of the cytoskeleton. This review investigates the evolution of plant families of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) through the recently sequenced genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Selaginella moellendorffii, Physcomitrella patens, Volvox carteri and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The families of MAPs examined are AIR9, CLASP, CRIPT, MAP18, MOR1, TON, EB1, AtMAP70, SPR2, SPR1, WVD2 and MAP65 families (abbreviations are defined in the footnote to Table 1). Conjectures are made regarding the evolution of MAPs in plants in relation to the evolution of multicellularity, oriented cell division and vasculature. Angiosperms in particular have high numbers of proteins that are involved in promotion of helical growth or its suppression, and novel plant microtubular structures may have acted as a catalyst for the development of novel plant MAPs. Comparisons of plant MAP gene families with those of animals show that animals may have more flexibility in the structure of their microtubule cytoskeletons than plants, but with both plants and animals possessing many MAP splice variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gardiner
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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De Storme N, Geelen D. Cytokinesis in plant male meiosis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e23394. [PMID: 23333967 PMCID: PMC3676507 DOI: 10.4161/psb.23394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In somatic cell division, cytokinesis is the final step of the cell cycle and physically divides the mother cytoplasm into two daughter cells. In the meiotic cell division, however, pollen mother cells (PMCs) undergo two successive nuclear divisions without an intervening S-phase and consequently generate four haploid daughter nuclei out of one parental cell. In line with this, the physical separation of meiotic nuclei does not follow the conventional cytokinesis pathway, but instead is mediated by alternative processes, including polar-based phragmoplast outgrowth and RMA-mediated cell wall positioning. In this review, we outline the different cytological mechanisms of cell plate formation operating in different types of PMCs and additionally focus on some important features associated with male meiotic cytokinesis, including cytoskeletal dynamics and callose deposition. We also provide an up-to-date overview of the main molecular actors involved in PMC wall formation and additionally highlight some recent advances on the effect of cold stress on meiotic cytokinesis in plants.
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Sasabe M, Machida Y. Regulation of organization and function of microtubules by the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade during plant cytokinesis. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2012; 69:913-8. [PMID: 23027702 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinesis in eukaryotes involves specific arrays of microtubules (MTs), which are known as the central spindle in animals, the anaphase spindle in yeasts, and the phragmoplast in plants. In plants, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade stimulates the turnover of phragmoplast MTs, which allows the expansion of the phragmoplast that is essential for cytokinesis including the formation of cell plates. A prerequisite for activation of this cascade is the interaction between mitotic kinesin NACK1 in tobacco (HINKEL in Arabidopsis) and MAPK kinase kinase NPK1 (ANP1, 2, 3 in Arabidopsis). Other members of this cascade are NQK1 MAPK kinase and NRK1/NTF6 MAPK in tobacco and the respective orthologs in Arabidopsis. All the components in the pathway (designated the NACK-PQR pathway) concentrate at the midzone of the phragmoplast in plant cells during cytokinesis. Downstream MAPKs in both plant species phosphorylate microtubule-associated protein 65 (MAP65). Interestingly, activities of components in the NACK-PQR pathway are downregulated by depolymerization of MTs. In the present review, we summarize current views on the mechanisms involved in activating the kinase cascade, a role of MAP65 phosphorylation by MAPK during cytokinesis, and the feedback mechanism for regulating inactivation of the kinase cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Sasabe
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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Zhang Q, Lin F, Mao T, Nie J, Yan M, Yuan M, Zhang W. Phosphatidic acid regulates microtubule organization by interacting with MAP65-1 in response to salt stress in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2012; 24:4555-76. [PMID: 23150630 PMCID: PMC3531852 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.104182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Membrane lipids play fundamental structural and regulatory roles in cell metabolism and signaling. Here, we report that phosphatidic acid (PA), a product of phospholipase D (PLD), regulates MAP65-1, a microtubule-associated protein, in response to salt stress. Knockout of the PLDα1 gene resulted in greater NaCl-induced disorganization of microtubules, which could not be recovered during or after removal of the stress. Salt affected the association of MAP65-1 with microtubules, leading to microtubule disorganization in pldα1cells, which was alleviated by exogenous PA. PA bound to MAP65-1, increasing its activity in enhancing microtubule polymerization and bundling. Overexpression of MAP65-1 improved salt tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana cells. Mutations of eight amino acids in MAP65-1 led to the loss of its binding to PA, microtubule-bundling activity, and promotion of salt tolerance. The pldα1 map65-1 double mutant showed greater sensitivity to salt stress than did either single mutant. These results suggest that PLDα1-derived PA binds to MAP65-1, thus mediating microtubule stabilization and salt tolerance. The identification of MAP65-1 as a target of PA reveals a functional connection between membrane lipids and the cytoskeleton in environmental stress signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Feng Lin
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tonglin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianing Nie
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Min Yan
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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