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Wen W, Su L, Gao L, Sun L, Zhou P, An Y. MsWRKY44 regulates Mg-K homeostasis of shoots and promotes alfalfa sensitivities to acid and Al stresses. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134610. [PMID: 38776812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Mg-K homeostasis is essential for plant response to abiotic stress, but its regulation remains largely unknown. MsWRKY44 cloned from alfalfa was highly expressed in leaves and petioles. Overexpression of it inhibited alfalfa growth, and promoted leaf senescence and alfalfa sensitivities to acid and Al stresses. The leaf tips, margins and interveins of old leaves occurred yellow spots in MsWRKY44-OE plants under pH4.5 and pH4.5 +Al conditions. Meanwhile, Mg-K homeostasis was substantially changed with reduction of K accumulation and increases of Mg as well as Al accumulation in shoots of MsWRKY44-OE plants. Further, MsWRKY44 was found to directly bind to the promoters of MsMGT7 and MsCIPK23, and positively activated their expression. Transiently overexpressed MsMGT7 and MsCIPK23 in tobacco leaves increased the Mg and Al accumulations but decreased K accumulation. These results revealed a novel regulatory module MsWRKY44-MsMGT7/MsCIPK23, which affects the transport and accumulation of Mg and K in shoots, and promotes alfalfa sensitivities to acid and Al stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuwu Wen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Liantai Su
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Li Gao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Linjie Sun
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Peng Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yuan An
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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2
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Li J, Wen T, Zhang R, Hu X, Guo F, Zhao H, Wang P, Wang Y, Ni D, Wang M. Metabolome profiling and transcriptome analysis unveiling the crucial role of magnesium transport system for magnesium homeostasis in tea plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae152. [PMID: 38994447 PMCID: PMC11237192 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is a crucial nutrient for the growth and development of Camellia sinensis and is closely related to the quality of tea. However, the underlying mechanisms responding to low-Mg 2+ stress in tea plants remain largely unknown. In this study, photosynthetic parameters, metabolomics, and transcriptomics were utilized to explore the potential effects of low Mg2+ on the growth and metabolism of C. sinensis. Low-Mg2+ treatment increased the ratio of shoot dry weight to root dry weight but decreased the photosynthesis of C. sinensis. Forty and thirty metabolites were impacted by Mg2+ shortage in C. sinensis shoots and roots, respectively. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed the possible reasons for the decreased contents of chlorophyll and catechins and the increased theanine content in C. sinensis roots. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis indicated that the Mg2+ transport system was essential in the regulation of Mg2+ homeostasis in C. sinensis, in which CsMGT5 was identified to be the key regulator according to CsMGT5-overexpressing and complementary assays in Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, silencing of CsMGT5 in vivo reduced the content of chlorophyll in C. sinensis shoots. In addition, CsMGT5 might collaborate with ammonium transporters to keep the amino acid content steady, suggesting its potential application for tea quality improvement. All these findings demonstrate the key roles of CsMGTs for Mg2+ homeostasis in C. sinensis, providing a theoretical basis for Mg2+ efficient utilization in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ting Wen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ruiming Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinlong Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fei Guo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pu Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dejiang Ni
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mingle Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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3
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Guan L, Yin L, Liu Y, Yan J, Wang B, Luan M, Lan W. A plasma membrane-localized transporter remobilizes aleurone layer magnesium for seed germination in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38837713 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The aleurone layer in cereal grains acts as a major reservoir of essential mineral nutrients, significantly influencing seed germination. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the redistribution of nutrients from the aleurone layer in the germinating seed is still not well understood. Here, in rice, we identified a plasma membrane (PM) localized magnesium transporter, MAGNESIUM RELEASE TRANSPORTER 3 (MGR3), is critical for seed germination. OsMGR3 is predominantly expressed in the aleurone layer cells of endosperm, facilitating magnesium remobilization during germination. Non-invasive Micro-test Technology assay data demonstrated that the loss-of-function of OsMGR3 restrained magnesium efflux from the aleurone layer. In the embryo/endosperm grafting experiment, we observed that the mutation of OsMGR3 in the aleurone layer suppressed the growth and differentiation of the embryo during germination. Furthermore, magnesium fluorescence imaging revealed the osmgr3 mutant seeds showed impaired exportation of aleurone layer-stored magnesium to the embryo, consequently delaying germination. Importantly, we discovered that disrupting OsMGR3 could inhibit pre-harvest sprouting without affecting rice yield and quality. Therefore, the magnesium efflux transporter OsMGR3 in the aleurone layer represents a promising genetic target for future agronomic trait improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liurong Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yin
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingna Liu
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingda Luan
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenzhi Lan
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Du YX, Dong JM, Liu HX, Fu XM, Guo J, Lai XP, Liu HM, Yang D, Yang HX, Zhou XY, Mao JM, Chen M, Zhang JZ, Yue JQ, Li J. Transcription-related metabolic regulation in grafted lemon seedlings under magnesium deficiency stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108615. [PMID: 38631158 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Magnesium is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth, and plays a pivotal role in plant development and metabolism. Soil magnesium deficiency is evident in citrus production, which ultimately leads to failure of normal plant growth and development, as well as decreased productivity. Citrus is mainly propagated by grafting, so it is necessary to fully understand the different regulatory mechanisms of rootstock and scion response to magnesium deficiency. Here, we characterized the differences in morphological alterations, physiological metabolism and differential gene expression between trifoliate orange rootstocks and lemon scions under normal and magnesium-deficient conditions, revealing the different responses of rootstocks and scions to magnesium deficiency. The transcriptomic data showed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in 14 and 4 metabolic pathways in leaves and roots, respectively, after magnesium deficiency treatment. And the magnesium transport-related genes MHX and MRS2 may respond to magnesium deficiency stress. In addition, magnesium deficiency may affect plant growth by affecting POD, SOD, and CAT enzyme activity, as well as altering the levels of hormones such as IAA, ABA, GA3, JA, and SA, and the expression of related responsive genes. In conclusion, our research suggests that the leaves of lemon grafted onto trifoliate orange were more significantly affected than the roots under magnesium-deficient conditions, further indicating that the metabolic imbalance of scion lemon leaves was more severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xia Du
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Jian-Mei Dong
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Hang-Xiu Liu
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Xiao-Men Fu
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Xin-Pu Lai
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Hong-Ming Liu
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Di Yang
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Hong-Xia Yang
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Xian-Yan Zhou
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Jia-Mei Mao
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Min Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jian-Qiang Yue
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China
| | - Jing Li
- Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, 678000, China.
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5
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Jing Y, Zhao F, Lai K, Sun F, Sun C, Zou X, Xu M, Fu A, Sharifi R, Chen J, Zheng X, Luan S. Plant elicitor Peptides regulate root hair development in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1336129. [PMID: 38425796 PMCID: PMC10902123 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1336129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Plant Elicitor Peptides (Peps) induce plant immune responses and inhibit root growth through their receptors PEPR1 and PEPR2, two receptor-like kinases. In our study, we found a previously unknown function of Peps that enhance root hair growth in a PEPRs-independent manner. When we characterized the expression patterns of PROPEP genes, we found several gene promoters of PROPEP gene family were particularly active in root hairs. Furthermore, we observed that PROPEP2 is vital for root hair development, as disruption of PROPEP2 gene led to a significant reduction in root hair density and length. We also discovered that PROPEP2 regulates root hair formation via the modulation of CPC and GL2 expression, thereby influencing the cell-fate determination of root hairs. Additionally, calcium signaling appeared to be involved in PROPEP2/Pep2-induced root hair growth. These findings shed light on the function of Peps in root hair development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Jing
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fugeng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Lai
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenjie Sun
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingyue Zou
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Xu
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aigen Fu
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rouhallah Sharifi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Jian Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaojiang Zheng
- Chinese Education Ministry’s Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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6
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Coatsworth P, Cotur Y, Naik A, Asfour T, Collins ASP, Olenik S, Zhou Z, Gonzalez-Macia L, Chao DY, Bozkurt T, Güder F. Time-resolved chemical monitoring of whole plant roots with printed electrochemical sensors and machine learning. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj6315. [PMID: 38295162 PMCID: PMC10830104 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj6315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Traditional single-point measurements fail to capture dynamic chemical responses of plants, which are complex, nonequilibrium biological systems. We report TETRIS (time-resolved electrochemical technology for plant root environment in situ chemical sensing), a real-time chemical phenotyping system for continuously monitoring chemical signals in the often-neglected plant root environment. TETRIS consisted of low-cost, highly scalable screen-printed electrochemical sensors for monitoring concentrations of salt, pH, and H2O2 in the root environment of whole plants, where multiplexing allowed for parallel sensing operation. TETRIS was used to measure ion uptake in tomato, kale, and rice and detected differences between nutrient and heavy metal ion uptake. Modulation of ion uptake with ion channel blocker LaCl3 was monitored by TETRIS and machine learning used to predict ion uptake. TETRIS has the potential to overcome the urgent "bottleneck" in high-throughput screening in producing high-yielding plant varieties with improved resistance against stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Coatsworth
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Yasin Cotur
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Atharv Naik
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Tarek Asfour
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Alex Silva-Pinto Collins
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Selin Olenik
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Zihao Zhou
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Laura Gonzalez-Macia
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Dai-Yin Chao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tolga Bozkurt
- Imperial College London, Department of Life Sciences, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Firat Güder
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, Royal School of Mines, SW7 2AZ London, UK
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Mohamadi SF, Babaeian Jelodar N, Bagheri N, Nematzadeh G, Hashemipetroudi SH. New insights into comprehensive analysis of magnesium transporter ( MGT) gene family in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). 3 Biotech 2023; 13:322. [PMID: 37649592 PMCID: PMC10462602 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03735-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium transporters (MGTs) regulate magnesium absorption, transport, and redistribution in higher plants. To investigate the role of the Oryza sativa MGTs gene family members under salt stress, this study analyzed the protein properties, gene structure, phylogenetic relationship, synteny patterns, expression, and co-expression networks of 23 non-redundant OsMGT. The evolutionary relationship of the OsMGT gene family was fully consistent with their functional domain, and were divided into three main classes based on the conserved domain: MMgT, CorA-like, and NIPA. The α/β patterns in the protein structures were highly similar in the CorA-like and NIPA members, with the conserved structures in the Mg2+-binding and catalytic regions. The CorA-like clade-related proteins demonstrated the highest numbers of protein channels with Pro, Ser, Lys, Gly, and Tyr, as the critical binding residues. The expression analysis of OsMGT genes in various tissues showed that MGTs' gene family may possess critical functions during rice development. Gene expression analysis of candidate OsMGT using reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) found that four OsMGT genes exhibited different expression patterns in salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice genotypes. We hypothesize that the OsMGT gene family members may be involved in responses to salt stress. These findings could be useful for further functional investigation of MGTs as well as defining their involvement in abiotic stress studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03735-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyede Fateme Mohamadi
- Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Crop Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran
| | - Nadali Babaeian Jelodar
- Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Crop Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran
| | - Nadali Bagheri
- Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Crop Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran
| | - Ghorbanali Nematzadeh
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biology, Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, 4818166996 Iran
| | - Seyyed Hamidreza Hashemipetroudi
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biology, Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, 4818166996 Iran
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8
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Tang L, Xiao L, Chen E, Lei X, Ren J, Yang Y, Xiao B, Gong C. Magnesium transporter CsMGT10 of tea plants plays a key role in chlorosis leaf vein greening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107842. [PMID: 37352698 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+), as the central atom of chlorophyll, is the most abundant divalent cation for plant growth and development in living cells. MRS2/MGT magnesium transporters play important roles in coping with magnesium stress, chloroplast development and photosynthesis. However, the molecular mechanism of MGT influencing tea plant leaf vein color remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that CsMGT10 may be a potential transporter influencing leaf vein color. CsMGT10 belongs to Clade A member of MRS2/MGT family. CsMGT10 has the highest expression level in leaves of tea plants. And it is mainly expressed in aboveground parts, especially in vascular bundles. Moreover, CsMGT10 localizes to the chloroplast envelope of tea plants with a high affinity to Mg2+. And the GMN motif is required for its magnesium transport function. Ectopic expression of CsMGT10 in Arabidopsis leaf variegation mutant var5-1 can restore green color of chlorosis leaf veins, and the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid change significantly, proving its essential role in leaf vein greening. Furthermore, the chlorophyll and carotenoid of tea leaves treated with CsMGT10 antisense oligonucleotides also decrease significantly. Our findings indicate that CsMGT10 mainly acts as Mg2+ transporter in chloroplast envelope of leaf veins, which may play a key role in leaf vein greening of tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Luodan Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Yibin Research Institute of Tea Industry, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Enxiang Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingyu Lei
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiejie Ren
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China; Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences /National Center for Tea Improvement/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, 310008, China.
| | - Bin Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chunmei Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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9
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Liu W, Khan S, Tong M, Hu H, Yin L, Huang J. Identification and Expression of the CorA/MRS2/ALR Type Magnesium Transporters in Tomato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2512. [PMID: 37447072 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is the most abundant divalent ion in plants, participating in numerous metabolic processes in growth and development. CorA/MRS2/ALR type Mg2+ transporters are essential for maintaining Mg2+ homeostasis in plants. However, the candidate protein and its potential functions in the tomato plant have not been fully understood. In this study, we identified seven MGT genes (SlMRS2) in tomato based on sequence similarity, domain analysis, conserved motif identification, and structure prediction. Two SlMRS2 genes were analyzed in the bacterial strain MM281, and a functional complementary assay demonstrated their high-affinity transport of Mg2+. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the expressions of these Mg2+ transporters were down-regulated in leaves under Mg2+ limitation, with a greater impact on lower and middle leaves compared to young leaves. Conversely, under Mg2+ toxicity, several genes were up-regulated in leaves with a circadian rhythm. Our findings indicate that members of the SlMRS2 family function as Mg2+ transporters and lay the groundwork for further analysis of their distinct functions in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shahbaz Khan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Mengying Tong
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Liyan Yin
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiaquan Huang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Kobayashi NI, Takagi H, Yang X, Nishizawa-Yokoi A, Segawa T, Hoshina T, Oonishi T, Suzuki H, Iwata R, Toki S, Nakanishi TM, Tanoi K. Mutations in RZF1, a zinc-finger protein, reduce magnesium uptake in roots and translocation to shoots in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:342-355. [PMID: 36718554 PMCID: PMC10152673 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) homeostasis is critical for maintaining many biological processes, but little information is available to comprehend the molecular mechanisms regulating Mg concentration in rice (Oryza sativa). To make up for the lack of information, we aimed to identify mutants defective in Mg homeostasis through a forward genetic approach. As a result of the screening of 2,825 M2 seedlings mutated by ion-beam irradiation, we found a rice mutant that showed reduced Mg content in leaves and slightly increased Mg content in roots. Radiotracer 28Mg experiments showed that this mutant, named low-magnesium content 1 (LMGC1), has decreased Mg2+ influx in the root and Mg2+ translocation from root to shoot. Consequently, LMGC1 is sensitive to the low Mg condition and prone to develop chlorosis in the young mature leaf. The MutMap method identified a 7.4-kbp deletion in the LMGC1 genome leading to a loss of two genes. Genome editing using CRISPR-Cas9 further revealed that one of the two lost genes, a gene belonging to the RanBP2-type zinc-finger family that we named RanBP2-TYPE ZINC FINGER1 (OsRZF1), was the causal gene of the low Mg phenotype. OsRZF1 is a nuclear protein and may have a fundamental role in maintaining Mg homeostasis in rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko I Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takagi
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ayako Nishizawa-Yokoi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan
| | - Tenta Segawa
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Hoshina
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takayuki Oonishi
- Center for Education and Research of Community Collaboration, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Japan
| | - Hisashi Suzuki
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ren Iwata
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (CYRIC), Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Seiichi Toki
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokotani, Seta Oe-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Tomoko M Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanoi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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11
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhang W, Peng M, Tan G, Qaseem MF, Li H, Wu AM. Physiological and transcriptomic responses to magnesium deficiency in Neolamarckia Cadamba. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107645. [PMID: 36963300 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is a critical component of chlorophyll and enzymes involved in various physiological and biochemical processes essential for plant growth, biomass accumulation, and photosynthesis. Mg2+ deficiency (MgD) is common in hot and rainy subtropical areas due to its easy loss from soil. Neolamarckia cadamba, an important tropical tree in South Asia, faces severe effects of MgD, however, the responses of N. cadamba to MgD stress remain unclear. In here, effects of N. cadamba under MgD stress were investigated. The study revealed that MgD had lower plant biomass, fresh and dry weight, root length, root volume, and surface area compared to CK (normal Mg2+). As treatment time increased, the leaves began to yellow, and lesions appeared. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content, along with fluorescence-related parameters and leaf photosynthetic capacity, were significantly reduced in MgD stress compared to CK treatment. Transcriptome analysis showed that transporters as well as transcription factors (TFs) from MYC (v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog), MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog), bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) and WRKY families were upregulated in leaves at 10 d of MgD stress, indicating that magnesium signaling transduction might be activated to compensate MgD. In addition, genes including chlorophyll(ide) b reductase (NYC1/NOL) chlorophyll/bacteriochlorophyll synthase (G4) and 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase synthesizing (HCAR) chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were down-regulated in leaves, while those scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) were mainly up-regulated at 10 d of MgD stress. These results shed light on underlying MgD in N. cadamba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mengxuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guoqing Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mirza Faisal Qaseem
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huiling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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12
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Lv X, Huang S, Wang J, Han D, Li J, Guo D, Zhu H. Genome-wide identification of Mg 2+ transporters and functional characteristics of DlMGT1 in Dimocarpus longan. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1110005. [PMID: 36818860 PMCID: PMC9932547 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1110005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Longan (Dimocarpus Longan) is one of the most important fruit crops in Southern China. Lack of available Mg in acidic soil conditions is a limitation to further increasing longan yield. Magnesium transporter (MGT/MRS2) mediates the uptake, transport, and redistribution of Mg2+ in higher plants. To understand the role of MGTs family members in longan Mg deficiency. We identified and analyzed the protein characteristics, phylogeny, expression changes, subcellular localization, and transcriptional regulation of DlMGTs members. The results showed that, twelve DlMGTs are localized in the cell membrane, chloroplast, and nucleus. The evolutionary differences in MGTs between herbaceous and woody species in different plants. The DlMGTs promoters contained many cis-acting elements and transcription factor binding sites related to the hormone, environmental, and stress response. Subcellular localization assays showed that DlMGT1 localizes in the cell membrane of Arabidopsis protoplasts. The candidate transcription factor DlGATA16, which may regulate the expression of DlMGT1, was localized in the nucleus of tobacco leaves. Dual luciferase analysis demonstrated that DlGATA16 is a potential factor regulating the transcriptional activity of DlMGT1. In this study, we identified and analyzed DlMGTs on a genome-wide scale and the subcellular localization and interaction of DlMGT1 and DlGATA16, which has important implications for further functional analysis studies of MGTs and the use of MGT for longan genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Lv
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shilian Huang
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Han
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguang Li
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Guo
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Harvesting Equipment Technology of Zhejiang Province, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
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13
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Tang Y, Yang X, Li H, Shuai Y, Chen W, Ma D, Lü Z. Uncovering the role of wheat magnesium transporter family genes in abiotic responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1078299. [PMID: 36844102 PMCID: PMC9948656 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1078299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CorA / MGT / MRS2 family proteins are an important group of magnesium transporter proteins that maintain magnesium ion homeostasis in plant cells. However, little is known about the MGT functions in wheat. METHODS The known MGT sequences were used as queries to BlastP against wheat genome IWGSC RefSeq v2.1 assembly (E-value <10-5). Chromosome localization information for each TaMGT gene was obtained from the GFF3 file of the wheat genome data (IWGSCv2.1).The sequence of 1500 bp upstream of the TaMGT genes was extracted from the wheat genome data. The cis-elements were analyzed using PlantCARE online tool. RESULT A total of 24 MGT genes were identified on 18 chromosomes of wheat. After functional domain analysis, only TaMGT1A, TaMGT1B, and TaMGT1D had GMN mutations to AMN, while all the other genes had conserved GMN tripeptide motifs. Expression profiling showed that the TaMGT genes were differentially expressed under different stresses and at different growth and development stages. The expression levels of TaMGT4B and TaMGT4A were significantly up-regulated in cold damage. In addition, qRT-PCR results also confirmed that these TaMGT genes are involved in the wheat abiotic stress responses. CONCLUSION In conclusion, The results of our research provide a theoretical basis for further research on the function of TaMGT gene family in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Tang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province)/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Yang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province)/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han Li
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province)/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yating Shuai
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province)/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Wang Chen
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province)/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wang Chen, ; Dongfang Ma, ; Zhichuang Lü,
| | - Dongfang Ma
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province)/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education/College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wang Chen, ; Dongfang Ma, ; Zhichuang Lü,
| | - Zhichuang Lü
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wang Chen, ; Dongfang Ma, ; Zhichuang Lü,
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14
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Zhang B, Zhang C, Tang R, Zheng X, Zhao F, Fu A, Lan W, Luan S. Two magnesium transporters in the chloroplast inner envelope essential for thylakoid biogenesis in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:464-478. [PMID: 35776059 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+ ) serves as a cofactor for a number of photosynthetic enzymes in the chloroplast, and is the central atom of the Chl molecule. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of Mg2+ transport across the chloroplast envelope. Here, we report the functional characterization of two transport proteins in Arabidopsis: Magnesium Release 8 (MGR8) and MGR9, of the ACDP/CNNM family, which is evolutionarily conserved across all lineages of living organisms. Both MGR8 and MGR9 genes were expressed ubiquitously, and their encoded proteins were localized in the inner envelope of chloroplasts. Mutations of MGR8 and MGR9 together, but neither of them alone, resulted in albino ovules and chlorotic seedlings. Further analysis revealed severe defects in thylakoid biogenesis and assembly of photosynthetic complexes in the double mutant. Both MGR8 and MGR9 functionally complemented the growth of the Salmonella typhimurium mutant strain MM281, which lacks Mg2+ uptake capacity. The embryonic and early seedling defects of the mgr8/mgr9 double mutant were rescued by the expression of MGR9 under the embryo-specific ABI3 promoter. The partially rescued mutant plants were hypersensitive to Mg2+ deficient conditions and contained less Mg2+ in their chloroplasts than wild-type plants. Taken together, we conclude that MGR8 and MGR9 serve as Mg2+ transporters and are responsible for chloroplast Mg2+ uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Renjie Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Xiaojiang Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Fugeng Zhao
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Aigen Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Wenzhi Lan
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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15
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Tang RJ, Yang Y, Yan YW, Mao DD, Yuan HM, Wang C, Zhao FG, Luan S. Two transporters mobilize magnesium from vacuolar stores to enable plant acclimation to magnesium deficiency. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1307-1320. [PMID: 35809075 PMCID: PMC9516776 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential metal for chlorophyll biosynthesis and other metabolic processes in plant cells. Mg is largely stored in the vacuole of various cell types and remobilized to meet cytoplasmic demand. However, the transport proteins responsible for mobilizing vacuolar Mg2+ remain unknown. Here, we identified two Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Mg2+ transporters (MAGNESIUM TRANSPORTER 1 and 2; MGT1 and MGT2) that facilitate Mg2+ mobilization from the vacuole, especially when external Mg supply is limited. In addition to a high degree of sequence similarity, MGT1 and MGT2 exhibited overlapping expression patterns in Arabidopsis tissues, implying functional redundancy. Indeed, the mgt1 mgt2 double mutant, but not mgt1 and mgt2 single mutants, showed exaggerated growth defects as compared to the wild type under low-Mg conditions, in accord with higher expression levels of Mg-starvation gene markers in the double mutant. However, overall Mg level was also higher in mgt1 mgt2, suggesting a defect in Mg2+ remobilization in response to Mg deficiency. Consistently, MGT1 and MGT2 localized to the tonoplast and rescued the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mnr2Δ (manganese resistance 2) mutant strain lacking the vacuolar Mg2+ efflux transporter. In addition, disruption of MGT1 and MGT2 suppressed high-Mg sensitivity of calcineurin B-like 2 and 3 (cbl2 cbl3), a mutant defective in vacuolar Mg2+ sequestration, suggesting that vacuolar Mg2+ influx and efflux processes are antagonistic in a physiological context. We further crossed mgt1 mgt2 with mgt6, which lacks a plasma membrane MGT member involved in Mg2+ uptake, and found that the triple mutant was more sensitive to low-Mg conditions than either mgt1 mgt2 or mgt6. Hence, Mg2+ uptake (via MGT6) and vacuolar remobilization (through MGT1 and MGT2) work synergistically to achieve Mg2+ homeostasis in plants, especially under low-Mg supply in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jie Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yu-Wei Yan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Southwest Region, Maize Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dan-Dan Mao
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Hong-Mei Yuan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Fu-Geng Zhao
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Jin F, Huang Y, Hattori M. Recent Advances in the Structural Biology of Mg 2+ Channels and Transporters. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167729. [PMID: 35841930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium ions (Mg2+) are the most abundant divalent cations in living organisms and are essential for various physiological processes, including ATP utilization and the catalytic activity of numerous enzymes. Therefore, the homeostatic mechanisms associated with cellular Mg2+ are crucial for both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms and are thus strictly controlled by Mg2+ channels and transporters. Technological advances in structural biology, such as the expression screening of membrane proteins, in meso phase crystallization, and recent cryo-EM techniques, have enabled the structure determination of numerous Mg2+ channels and transporters. In this review article, we provide an overview of the families of Mg2+ channels and transporters (MgtE/SLC41, TRPM6/7, CorA/Mrs2, CorC/CNNM), and discuss the structural biology prospects based on the known structures of MgtE, TRPM7, CorA and CorC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yichen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Motoyuki Hattori
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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17
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Meng SF, Zhang B, Tang RJ, Zheng XJ, Chen R, Liu CG, Jing YP, Ge HM, Zhang C, Chu YL, Fu AG, Zhao FG, Luan S, Lan WZ. Four plasma membrane-localized MGR transporters mediate xylem Mg 2+ loading for root-to-shoot Mg 2+ translocation in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:805-819. [PMID: 35063662 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+), an essential structural component of chlorophyll, is absorbed from the soil by roots and transported to shoots to support photosynthesis in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying root-to-shoot Mg2+ translocation remain largely unknown. We describe here the identification of four plasma membrane (PM)-localized transporters, named Mg2+ release transporters (MGRs), that are critical for root-to-shoot Mg transport in Arabidopsis. Functional complementation assays in a Mg2+-uptake-deficient bacterial strain confirmed that these MGRs conduct Mg2+ transport. PM-localized MGRs (MGR4, MGR5, MGR6, and MGR7) were expressed primarily in root stellar cells and participated in the xylem loading step of the long-distance Mg2+ transport process. In particular, MGR4 and MGR6 played a major role in shoot Mg homeostasis, as their loss-of-function mutants were hypersensitive to low Mg2+ but tolerant to high Mg2+ conditions. Reciprocal grafting analysis further demonstrated that MGR4 functions in the root to determine shoot Mg2+ accumulation and physiological phenotypes caused by both low- and high-Mg2+ stress. Taken together, our study has identified the long-sought transporters responsible for root-to-shoot Mg2+ translocation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Fang Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ren-Jie Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Xiao-Jiang Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cong-Ge Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Ping Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Hai-Man Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yan-Li Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ai-Gen Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Fu-Geng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Wen-Zhi Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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Ge M, Zhong R, Sadeghnezhad E, Hakeem A, Xiao X, Wang P, Fang J. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of magnesium transporter gene family in grape (Vitis vinifera). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:217. [PMID: 35477360 PMCID: PMC9047265 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium ion is one of the essential mineral elements for plant growth and development, which participates in a variety of physiological and biochemical processes. Since there is no report on the research of magnesium ion transporter in grape, the study of the structure and function of magnesium ion transporters (MGT) is helpful to understand the dynamic balance mechanism of intracellular magnesium ions and their inter- or intra-cellular activities. RESULT In this study, we identified the members of MGT protein family in grape and performed the phylogenetic and expression analysis. We have identified nine VvMGT genes in grape genome, which are distributed on eight different chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that MGT family members of grapes were divided into five subfamilies and had obvious homology with Arabidopsis, maize, and pear. Based on transcriptome data from the web databases, we analyzed the expression patterns of VvMGTs at different development stages and in response to abiotic stresses including waterlogging, drought, salinity, and copper. Using qRT-PCR method, we tested the expression of grape VvMGTs under magnesium and aluminum treatments and found significant changes in VvMGTs expression. In addition, four of the MGT proteins in grape were located in the nucleus. CONCLUSION Overall, in this study we investigated the structural characteristics, evolution pattern, and expression analysis of VvMGTs in depth, which laid the foundation for further revealing the function of VvMGT genes in grape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Ge
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Rong Zhong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ehsan Sadeghnezhad
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Abdul Hakeem
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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19
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Ishfaq M, Wang Y, Yan M, Wang Z, Wu L, Li C, Li X. Physiological Essence of Magnesium in Plants and Its Widespread Deficiency in the Farming System of China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:802274. [PMID: 35548291 PMCID: PMC9085447 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.802274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential nutrient for a wide array of fundamental physiological and biochemical processes in plants. It largely involves chlorophyll synthesis, production, transportation, and utilization of photoassimilates, enzyme activation, and protein synthesis. As a multifaceted result of the introduction of high-yielding fertilizer-responsive cultivars, intensive cropping without replenishment of Mg, soil acidification, and exchangeable Mg (Ex-Mg) leaching, Mg has become a limiting nutrient for optimum crop production. However, little literature is available to better understand distinct responses of plants to Mg deficiency, the geographical distribution of soil Ex-Mg, and the degree of Mg deficiency. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge of key plant responses to Mg availability and, as far as possible, highlight spatial Mg distribution and the magnitude of Mg deficiency in different cultivated regions of the world with a special focus on China. In particular, ~55% of arable lands in China are revealed Mg-deficient (< 120 mg kg-1 soil Ex-Mg), and Mg deficiency literally becomes increasingly severe from northern (227-488 mg kg-1) to southern (32-89 mg kg-1) China. Mg deficiency primarily traced back to higher depletion of soil Ex-Mg by fruits, vegetables, sugarcane, tubers, tea, and tobacco cultivated in tropical and subtropical climate zones. Further, each unit decline in soil pH from neutral reduced ~2-fold soil Ex-Mg. This article underscores the physiological importance of Mg, potential risks associated with Mg deficiency, and accordingly, to optimize fertilization strategies for higher crop productivity and better quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ishfaq
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Minwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Liangquan Wu
- International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuexian Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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20
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Xu H, Luo Z, Hu W, Jia Y, Wang Y, Ye X, Li Y, Chen LS, Guo J. Magnesium absorption, translocation, subcellular distribution and chemical forms in citrus seedlings. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:862-876. [PMID: 34791459 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development; however, the adaptive mechanisms of Mg deficiency to underlying changes in Mg translocation, subcellular distribution and chemical forms in citrus plants are unknown. In this study, we conducted a sand culture experiment with 0 (Mg-deficiency) or 2 (Mg-sufficiency) mmol l-1 Mg2+ treatments to investigate the responses underlying Mg adaptability, as well as the resulting growth and Mg transport features in citrus seedlings [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. 'Xuegan']. We found that Mg-deficiency significantly depressed biomass by 39% in the whole plant and by 66% in branch organs compared with Mg-sufficient conditions, which further resulted in a subsequent decrease in Mg concentration and accumulation with changes in its distribution in different organs and a reduction in root growth. Under Mg-sufficiency, >50% of Mg was sequestered in the soluble fraction and this was reduced by 30% under Mg-deficiency. Furthermore, >70% of Mg existed as inorganic (42%) and water-soluble (31%) forms with high mobility across treatments and organs. Under Mg-deficiency, the proportion of water-soluble Mg was reduced in leaf and increased in root, whereas the proportion of inorganic Mg increased in main stem leaves and decreased in branch leaves and root. However, under Mg-deficiency, the proportion of Mg forms with low mobility, including pectates and proteins, phosphates, oxalates and residues, was increased in leaf and root organs, with the exception of pectate and protein Mg, which was decreased in root. The Mg transfer factor showed that Mg-deficiency improved Mg transport from parent to branch organs, which was related to Mg subcellular distribution and chemical forms. Taken together, our study establishes a defined process to clarify the mechanisms of Mg absorption and translocation and reveals a possible strategy to effectively improve Mg mobility and availability in citrus plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ziwei Luo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
- International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenlang Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yamin Jia
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, No. 100 Daxuedong Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
- International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yan Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li-Song Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiuxin Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
- International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou 350002, China
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21
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Sousa B, Rodrigues F, Soares C, Martins M, Azenha M, Lino-Neto T, Santos C, Cunha A, Fidalgo F. Impact of Combined Heat and Salt Stresses on Tomato Plants—Insights into Nutrient Uptake and Redox Homeostasis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030478. [PMID: 35326127 PMCID: PMC8944476 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, salinity and heat are two critical threats to crop production and food security which are being aggravated by the global climatic instability. In this scenario, it is imperative to understand plant responses to simultaneous exposure to different stressors and the cross-talk between underlying functional mechanisms. Thus, in this study, the physiological and biochemical responses of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to the combination of salinity (100 mM NaCl) and heat (42 °C; 4 h/day) stress were evaluated. After 21 days of co-exposure, the accumulation of Na+ in plant tissues was superior when salt-treated plants were also exposed to high temperatures compared to the individual saline treatment, leading to the depletion of other nutrients and a harsher negative effect on plant growth. Despite that, neither oxidative damage nor a major accumulation of reactive oxygen species took place under stress conditions, mostly due to the accumulation of antioxidant (AOX) metabolites alongside the activation of several AOX enzymes. Nonetheless, the plausible allocation of resources towards the defense pathways related to oxidative and osmotic stress, along with severe Na toxicity, heavily compromised the ability of plants to grow properly when the combination of salinity and heat was imposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Sousa
- GreenUPorto-Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & INOV4AGRO, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (C.S.); (M.M.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- GreenUPorto-Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & INOV4AGRO, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (C.S.); (M.M.); (F.F.)
- Biology Department and CBMA-Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (T.L.-N.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Cristiano Soares
- GreenUPorto-Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & INOV4AGRO, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (C.S.); (M.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Maria Martins
- GreenUPorto-Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & INOV4AGRO, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (C.S.); (M.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Manuel Azenha
- CIQ-UP, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Teresa Lino-Neto
- Biology Department and CBMA-Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (T.L.-N.); (A.C.)
| | - Conceição Santos
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Integrative Biology and Biotechnology (IB2), Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ana Cunha
- Biology Department and CBMA-Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (T.L.-N.); (A.C.)
| | - Fernanda Fidalgo
- GreenUPorto-Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & INOV4AGRO, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (C.S.); (M.M.); (F.F.)
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22
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Sarthou MCM, Devime F, Baggio C, Figuet S, Alban C, Bourguignon J, Ravanel S. Calcium-permeable cation channels are involved in uranium uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127436. [PMID: 34638071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Uranium (U) is a non-essential and toxic element that is taken up by plants from the environment. The assimilation pathway of U is still unknown in plants. In this study, we provide several evidences that U is taken up by the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana through Ca2+-permeable cation channels. First, we showed that deprivation of Arabidopsis plants with calcium induces a 1.5-fold increase in the capacity of roots to accumulate U, suggesting that calcium deficiency promotes the radionuclide import pathway. Second, we showed that external calcium inhibits U accumulation in roots, suggesting a common route for the uptake of both cations. Third, we found that gadolinium, nifedipine and verapamil inhibit the absorption of U, suggesting that different types of Ca2+-permeable channels serve as a route for U uptake. Last, we showed that U bioaccumulation in Arabidopsis mutants deficient for the Ca2+-permeable channels MCA1 and ANN1 is decreased by 40%. This suggests that MCA1 and ANN1 contribute to the absorption of U in different zones and cell layers of the root. Together, our results describe for the first time the involvement of Ca2+-permeable cation channels in the cellular uptake of U.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon C M Sarthou
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Fabienne Devime
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Célia Baggio
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Figuet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Claude Alban
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Stéphane Ravanel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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23
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Ge H, Wang Y, Chen J, Zhang B, Chen R, Lan W, Luan S, Yang L. An Arabidopsis vasculature distributed metal tolerance protein facilitates xylem magnesium diffusion to shoots under high-magnesium environments. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:166-182. [PMID: 34761874 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+ ) is an essential metal for plant growth; however, its over-accumulation in cells can be cytotoxic. The metal tolerance protein family (MTP) belongs to an ubiquitous family of cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) proteins that export divalent metal cations for metal homeostasis and tolerance in all organisms. We describe here the identification of MTP10 to be critical for xylem Mg homeostasis in Arabidopsis under high Mg2+ conditions. The Arabidopsis plant contains 12 MTP genes, and only knockout of MTP10 decreased the tolerance of high-Mg stress. The functional complementation assays in a Mg2+ -uptake-deficient bacterial strain MM281 confirmed that MTP10 conducted Mg2+ transport. MTP10 is localized to the plasma membrane of parenchyma cells around the xylem. Reciprocal grafting analysis further demonstrated that MTP10 functions in the shoot to determine the shoot growth phenotypes under high Mg2+ conditions. Moreover, compared to the wild type, the mtp10 mutant accumulated more Mg2+ in xylem sap under high-Mg stress. This study reveals that MTP10 facilitates Mg2+ diffusion from the xylem to shoots and thus determines Mg homeostasis in shoot vascular tissues during high-Mg stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiman Ge
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Jinlin Chen
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Chinese Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Western Resources and Modern Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Wenzhi Lan
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94702, USA
| | - Lei Yang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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24
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Li Y, Li Q, Beuchat G, Zeng H, Zhang C, Chen LQ. Combined analyses of translatome and transcriptome in Arabidopsis reveal new players responding to magnesium deficiency. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:2075-2092. [PMID: 34473403 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Translational control of gene expression, including recruitment of ribosomes to messenger RNA (mRNA), is particularly important during the response to stress. Purification of ribosome-associated mRNAs using translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) followed by RNA-sequencing facilitates the study of mRNAs undergoing active transcription and better proxies the translatome, or protein response, to stimuli. To identify plant responses to Magnesium (Mg) deficiency at the translational level, we combined transcriptome and translatome analyses. Excitingly, we found 26 previously unreported Mg-responsive genes that were only regulated at the translational level and not the transcriptional level, during the early response to Mg deficiency. In addition, mutants of the transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), the H+ /CATION EXCHANGER 1 and 3 (CAX1 and CAX3), and UBIQUITIN 11 (UBQ11) exhibited early chlorosis phenotype under Mg deficiency, supporting their functional involvement in ion homeostasis. Overall, our study strongly supports that TRAP-seq combined with RNA-seq followed by phenotype screening could facilitate the identification of novel players during stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Li
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Gabriel Beuchat
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Houqing Zeng
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Cankui Zhang
- Department of Agronomy and Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 49707, USA
| | - Li-Qing Chen
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
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Yang Y, Li X, Kan B, He H, Li T, Ding Y, Du P, Lai W, Hu H, Huang J. Transcriptome analysis reveals MYB and WRKY transcription factors involved in banana (Musa paradisiaca AA) magnesium deficiency. PLANTA 2021; 254:115. [PMID: 34743252 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The banana development was inhibited under the long-term magnesium deficiency (MD) stress, resulting in the leaf chlorosis. MYB108 and WRKY75 are involved in regulating the growth and development of banana leaves and roots under long-term MD. Magnesium deficiency (MD) causes plant growth inhibition, ageing acceleration, yield reduction and quality decline of banana (Musa paradisiaca AA), but the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the changes in response to long-term MD conditions remain unknown. In this study, a long-term MD experiment was performed with banana seedlings at the four-leaf stage. Compared to those in the control group, the growth of leaves and roots of seedlings in the long-term MD treatment experimental groups was inhibited, and the Mg content and chlorophyll contents were decreased. Leaves and roots of seedlings from the control and experimental groups were subsequently collected for RNA sequencing to identify the genes that respond to long-term MD. More than 50 million reads were identified from each sample, resulting in the detection of 3500 and 948 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the leaves and roots, respectively. MYB and WRKY transcription factors (TFs) involved in plant stress responses were selected for further analysis, and 102 MYB and 149 WRKY TFs were differentially expressed. Furthermore, two highly differentially expressed candidate genes, MYB108 and WRKY75, were functionally analyzed using Arabidopsis mutants grown under long-term MD conditions. The results showed that the density of root hairs on the wild type (WT) was than that on the myb108 and wrky75 mutants under MD, implying that the mutants were more sensitive to MD than the WT. This research broadens our understanding the underlying molecular mechanism of banana seedlings adapted to the long-term MD condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xinping Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Baolin Kan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Hongsu He
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ting Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yuanhao Ding
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Pengmeng Du
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Wenjie Lai
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Jiaquan Huang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, School of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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26
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Tian XY, He DD, Bai S, Zeng WZ, Wang Z, Wang M, Wu LQ, Chen ZC. Physiological and molecular advances in magnesium nutrition of plants. PLANT AND SOIL 2021; 468:1-17. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-021-05139-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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27
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Root hairs: the villi of plants. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1133-1146. [PMID: 34013353 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Strikingly, evolution shaped similar tubular structures at the µm to mm scale in roots of sessile plants and in small intestines of mobile mammals to ensure an efficient transfer of essential nutrients from 'dead matter' into biota. These structures, named root hairs (RHs) in plants and villi in mammals, numerously stretch into the environment, and extremely enlarge root and intestine surfaces. They are believed to forage for nutrients, and mediate their uptake. While the conceptional understanding of plant RH function in hydromineral nutrition seems clear, experimental evidence presented in textbooks is restricted to a very limited number of reference-nutrients. Here, we make an element-by-element journey through the periodic table and link individual nutrient availabilities to the development, structure/shape and function of RHs. Based on recent developments in molecular biology and the identification of mutants differing in number, length or other shape-related characteristics of RHs in various plant species, we present comprehensive advances in (i) the physiological role of RHs for the uptake of specific nutrients, (ii) the developmental and morphological responses of RHs to element availability and (iii) RH-localized nutrient transport proteins. Our update identifies crucial roles of RHs for hydromineral nutrition, mostly under nutrient and/or water limiting conditions, and highlights the influence of certain mineral availabilities on early stages of RH development, suggesting that nutritional stimuli, as deficiencies in P, Mn or B, can even dominate over intrinsic developmental programs underlying RH differentiation.
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Faraji S, Ahmadizadeh M, Heidari P. Genome-wide comparative analysis of Mg transporter gene family between Triticum turgidum and Camelina sativa. Biometals 2021; 34:639-660. [PMID: 33783656 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) as a bimetal plays critical roles in biochemical processes, membrane stability, and enzyme activity. Mg transporters (MGTs) are involving in maintaining Mg homeostasis in cells. Although the MGT family members have been identified in different plant species, there is no comprehensive analysis of the other plants' MGT genes. In the current study, 62 and 41 non-redundant putative MGT proteins were recognized into the genome of Camelina sativa, and Triticum turgidum and they were compared based on physicochemical properties, protein structure, expression, and interaction. All identified MGTs were classified into three subgroups, NIPA, CorA, and MRS2/MGT, based on conserved-motifs distribution. The results showed that the secondary structure pattern in NIPA and MRS2 subfamily members in both studied plant species were highly similar. Furthermore, MGTs encompass the conserved structures and the critical sites mainly in the metal ion and Mg2+ binding centers as well as the catalytic sites were observed. The highest numbers of protein channels were predicted in CorA proteins in both C. sativa and T. turgidum with 24 and 17 channel numbers, respectively. The Ser, Pro, Gly, Lys, Tyr, and Arg amino acids were predicted as the binding residues in MGTs channel regions. The expression pattern of identified genes demonstrated that MGT genes have diverse tissue-specific expression and stress response expression patterns. Besides, 147 co-expressed genes with MGTs were clustered into the eight co-expression nodes involved in N-glycan biosynthesis, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, and endocytosis. In the present study, all interpretations are based on in silico predictions, which can be used in further studies related to functional genomics of MGT genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Faraji
- Department of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), 4818168984, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Parviz Heidari
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, 3619995161, Shahrood, Iran.
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Chaudhry AH, Nayab S, Hussain SB, Ali M, Pan Z. Current Understandings on Magnesium Deficiency and Future Outlooks for Sustainable Agriculture. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1819. [PMID: 33673043 PMCID: PMC7917752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The productivity of agricultural produce is fairly dependent on the availability of nutrients and efficient use. Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential macronutrient of living cells and is the second most prevalent free divalent cation in plants. Mg2+ plays a role in several physiological processes that support plant growth and development. However, it has been largely forgotten in fertilization management strategies to increase crop production, which leads to severe reductions in plant growth and yield. In this review, we discuss how the Mg2+ shortage induces several responses in plants at different levels: morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular. Additionally, the Mg2+ uptake and transport mechanisms in different cellular organelles and the role of Mg2+ transporters in regulating Mg2+ homeostasis are also discussed. Overall, in this review, we critically summarize the available information about the responses of Mg deficiency on plant growth and development, which would facilitate plant scientists to create Mg2+-deficiency-resilient crops through agronomic and genetic biofortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hassan Chaudhry
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Shafa Nayab
- Department of Horticulture, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan; (S.N.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Syed Bilal Hussain
- Department of Horticulture, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan; (S.N.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Muqarrab Ali
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan;
| | - Zhiyong Pan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
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Kleczkowski LA, Igamberdiev AU. Magnesium Signaling in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1159. [PMID: 33503839 PMCID: PMC7865908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Free magnesium (Mg2+) is a signal of the adenylate (ATP+ADP+AMP) status in the cells. It results from the equilibrium of adenylate kinase (AK), which uses Mg-chelated and Mg-free adenylates as substrates in both directions of its reaction. The AK-mediated primary control of intracellular [Mg2+] is finely interwoven with the operation of membrane-bound adenylate- and Mg2+-translocators, which in a given compartment control the supply of free adenylates and Mg2+ for the AK-mediated equilibration. As a result, [Mg2+] itself varies both between and within the compartments, depending on their energetic status and environmental clues. Other key nucleotide-utilizing/producing enzymes (e.g., nucleoside diphosphate kinase) may also be involved in fine-tuning of the intracellular [Mg2+]. Changes in [Mg2+] regulate activities of myriads of Mg-utilizing/requiring enzymes, affecting metabolism under both normal and stress conditions, and impacting photosynthetic performance, respiration, phloem loading and other processes. In compartments controlled by AK equilibrium (cytosol, chloroplasts, mitochondria, nucleus), the intracellular [Mg2+] can be calculated from total adenylate contents, based on the dependence of the apparent equilibrium constant of AK on [Mg2+]. Magnesium signaling, reflecting cellular adenylate status, is likely widespread in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms, due simply to the omnipresent nature of AK and to its involvement in adenylate equilibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek A. Kleczkowski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, University of Umeå, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Abir U. Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B3X9, Canada;
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31
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Xu XF, Qian XX, Wang KQ, Yu YH, Guo YY, Zhao X, Wang B, Yang NY, Huang JR, Yang ZN. Slowing Development Facilitates Arabidopsis mgt Mutants to Accumulate Enough Magnesium for Pollen Formation and Fertility Restoration. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:621338. [PMID: 33552112 PMCID: PMC7854698 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.621338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an abundant and important cation in cells. Plants rely on Mg transporters to take up Mg from the soil, and then Mg is transported to anthers and other organs. Here, we showed that MGT6+/- plants display reduced fertility, while mgt6 plants are fertile. MGT6 is expressed in the anther at the early stages. Pollen mitosis and intine formation are impaired in aborted pollen grains (PGs) of MGT6+/- plants, which is similar to the defective pollen observed in mgt5 and mgt9 mutants. These results suggest that Mg deficiency leads to pollen abortion in MGT6+/- plants. Our data showed that mgt6 organs including buds develop significantly slower and mgt6 stamens accumulate a higher level of Mg, compared with wild-type (WT) and MGT6+/- plants. These results indicate that slower bud development allows mgt6 to accumulate sufficient amounts of Mg in the pollen, explaining why mgt6 is fertile. Furthermore, we found that mgt6 can restore fertility of mgt5, which has been reported to be male sterile due to defects in Mg transport from the tapetum to microspores and that an additional Mg supply can restore its fertility. Interestingly, mgt5 fertility is recovered when grown under short photoperiod conditions, which is a well-known factor regulating plant fertility. Taken together, these results demonstrate that slow development is a general mechanism to restore mgts fertility, which allows other redundant magnesium transporter (MGT) members to transport sufficient Mg for pollen formation.
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Ishfaq M, Zhong Y, Wang Y, Li X. Magnesium Limitation Leads to Transcriptional Down-Tuning of Auxin Synthesis, Transport, and Signaling in the Tomato Root. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:802399. [PMID: 35003191 PMCID: PMC8733655 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.802399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is becoming a widespread limiting factor for crop production. How crops adapt to Mg limitation remains largely unclear at the molecular level. Using hydroponic-cultured tomato seedlings, we found that total Mg2+ content significantly decreased by ∼80% under Mg limitation while K+ and Ca2+ concentrations increased. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that Mg transporters (MRS2/MGTs) constitute a previously uncharacterized 3-clade tree in planta with two rounds of asymmetric duplications, providing evolutionary evidence for further molecular investigation. In adaptation to internal Mg deficiency, the expression of six representative MGTs (two in the shoot and four in the root) was up-regulated in Mg-deficient plants. Contradictory to the transcriptional elevation of most of MGTs, Mg limitation resulted in the ∼50% smaller root system. Auxin concentrations particularly decreased by ∼23% in the Mg-deficient root, despite the enhanced accumulation of gibberellin, cytokinin, and ABA. In accordance with such auxin reduction was overall transcriptional down-regulation of thirteen genes controlling auxin biosynthesis (TAR/YUCs), transport (LAXs, PINs), and signaling (IAAs, ARFs). Together, systemic down-tuning of gene expression in the auxin signaling pathway under Mg limitation preconditions a smaller tomato root system, expectedly stimulating MGT transcription for Mg uptake or translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ishfaq
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Vegetable Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexian Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xuexian Li,
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Identification and functional analysis of the CorA/MGT/MRS2-type magnesium transporter in banana. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239058. [PMID: 33001980 PMCID: PMC7529347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) plays an irreplaceable role in plant growth and development. Mg
transporters, especially CorA/MGT/MRS2 family proteins, played a vital role in
regulating Mg content in plant cells. Although extensive work has been conducted
in model crops, such as Arabidopsis, rice, and maize, the relevant information
is scarce in tropical crops. In this study, 10 MaMRS2 genes in
banana (Musa acuminata) were isolated from its genome and
classified into five distinct clades. The putative physiochemical properties,
chromosome location, gene structure, cis-acting elements, and duplication
relationships in between these members were analyzed. Complementary experiments
revealed that three MaMRS2 gene members
(MaMRS2-1, MaMRS2-4,
MaMRS2-7), from three distinct phylogenetic branches, were
capable of restoring the function of Mg transport in Salmonella
typhimurium mutants. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that
MaMRS2 genes were differentially expressed in banana
cultivar ‘Baxijiao’ (Musa spp. AAA Cavendish)
seedlings. The result was confirmed by real-time PCR analysis, in addition to
tissue specific expression, expression differences among MaMRS2
members were also observed under Mg deficiency conditions. These results showed
that Mg transporters may play a versatile role in banana growth and development,
and our work will shed light on the functional analysis of Mg transporters in
banana.
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34
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Whitt L, Ricachenevsky FK, Ziegler GZ, Clemens S, Walker E, Maathuis FJM, Kear P, Baxter I. A curated list of genes that affect the plant ionome. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00272. [PMID: 33103043 PMCID: PMC7576880 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying plants' adaptation to their environment will require knowledge of the genes and alleles underlying elemental composition. Modern genetics is capable of quickly, and cheaply indicating which regions of DNA are associated with particular phenotypes in question, but most genes remain poorly annotated, hindering the identification of candidate genes. To help identify candidate genes underlying elemental accumulations, we have created the known ionome gene (KIG) list: a curated collection of genes experimentally shown to change uptake, accumulation, and distribution of elements. We have also created an automated computational pipeline to generate lists of KIG orthologs in other plant species using the PhytoMine database. The current version of KIG consists of 176 known genes covering 5 species, 23 elements, and their 1588 orthologs in 10 species. Analysis of the known genes demonstrated that most were identified in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, and that transporter coding genes and genes altering the accumulation of iron and zinc are overrepresented in the current list.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Whitt
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSaint LouisMOUSA
| | - Felipe Klein Ricachenevsky
- Departamento de Botânica Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biologia Celular e MolecularUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivan Baxter
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSaint LouisMOUSA
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Feng Z, Nagao H, Li B, Sotta N, Shikanai Y, Yamaguchi K, Shigenobu S, Kamiya T, Fujiwara T. An SMU Splicing Factor Complex Within Nuclear Speckles Contributes to Magnesium Homeostasis in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:428-442. [PMID: 32601148 PMCID: PMC7479882 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Mg2+ is among the most abundant divalent cations in living cells. In plants, investigations on magnesium (Mg) homeostasis are restricted to the functional characterization of Mg2+ transporters. Here, we demonstrate that the splicing factors SUPPRESSORS OF MEC-8 AND UNC-52 1 (SMU1) and SMU2 mediate Mg homeostasis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). A low-Mg sensitive Arabidopsis mutant was isolated, and the causal gene was identified as SMU1 Disruption of SMU2, a protein that can form a complex with SMU1, resulted in a similar low-Mg sensitive phenotype. In both mutants, an Mg2+ transporter gene, Mitochondrial RNA Splicing 2 (MRS2-7), showed altered splicing patterns. Genetic evidence indicated that MRS2-7 functions in the same pathway as SMU1 and SMU2 for low-Mg adaptation. In contrast with previous results showing that the SMU1-SMU2 complex is the active form in RNA splicing, MRS2-7 splicing was promoted in the smu2 mutant overexpressing SMU1, indicating that complex formation is not a prerequisite for the splicing. We found here that formation of the SMU1-SMU2 complex is an essential step for their compartmentation in the nuclear speckles, a type of nuclear body enriched with proteins that participate in various aspects of RNA metabolism. Taken together, our study reveals the involvement of the SMU splicing factors in plant Mg homeostasis and provides evidence that complex formation is required for their intranuclear compartmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihang Feng
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagao
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Baohai Li
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Sotta
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shikanai
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | | | - Shuji Shigenobu
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kamiya
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Mishra B, Ploch S, Runge F, Schmuker A, Xia X, Gupta DK, Sharma R, Thines M. The Genome of Microthlaspi erraticum (Brassicaceae) Provides Insights Into the Adaptation to Highly Calcareous Soils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:943. [PMID: 32719698 PMCID: PMC7350527 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microthlaspi erraticum is widely distributed in temperate Eurasia, but restricted to Ca2+-rich habitats, predominantly on white Jurassic limestone, which is made up by calcium carbonate, with little other minerals. Thus, naturally occurring Microthlaspi erraticum individuals are confronted with a high concentration of Ca2+ ions while Mg2+ ion concentration is relatively low. As there is a competitive uptake between these two ions, adaptation to the soil condition can be expected. In this study, it was the aim to explore the genomic consequences of this adaptation by sequencing and analysing the genome of Microthlaspi erraticum. Its genome size is comparable with other diploid Brassicaceae, while more genes were predicted. Two Mg2+ transporters known to be expressed in roots were duplicated and one showed a significant degree of positive selection. It is speculated that this evolved due to the pressure to take up Mg2+ ions efficiently in the presence of an overwhelming amount of Ca2+ ions. Future studies on plants specialized on similar soils and affinity tests of the transporters are needed to provide unequivocal evidence for this hypothesis. If verified, the transporters found in this study might be useful for breeding Brassicaceae crops for higher yield on Ca2+-rich and Mg2+ -poor soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagdevi Mishra
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University, Department for Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ploch
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Fabian Runge
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Xiaojuan Xia
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University, Department for Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Deepak K. Gupta
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University, Department for Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marco Thines
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe University, Department for Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Ogura T, Kobayashi NI, Hermans C, Ichihashi Y, Shibata A, Shirasu K, Aoki N, Sugita R, Ogawa T, Suzuki H, Iwata R, Nakanishi TM, Tanoi K. Short-Term Magnesium Deficiency Triggers Nutrient Retranslocation in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:563. [PMID: 32582226 PMCID: PMC7287120 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is essential for many biological processes in plant cells, and its deficiency causes yield reduction in crop systems. Low Mg status reportedly affects photosynthesis, sucrose partitioning and biomass allocation. However, earlier physiological responses to Mg deficiency are scarcely described. Here, we report that Mg deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana first modified the mineral profile in mature leaves within 1 or 2 days, then affected sucrose partitioning after 4 days, and net photosynthesis and biomass production after 6 days. The short-term Mg deficiency reduced the contents of phosphorus (P), potassium, manganese, zinc and molybdenum in mature but not in expanding (young) leaves. While P content decreased in mature leaves, P transport from roots to mature leaves was not affected, indicating that Mg deficiency triggered retranslocation of the mineral nutrients from mature leaves. A global transcriptome analysis revealed that Mg deficiency triggered the expression of genes involved in defence response in young leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Ogura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuko I. Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christian Hermans
- Crop Production and Biostimulation Laboratory, Interfacultary School of Bioengineers, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Arisa Shibata
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naohiro Aoki
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sugita
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Suzuki
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ren Iwata
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoko M. Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanoi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
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38
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Root growth in light of changing magnesium distribution and transport between source and sink tissues in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Sci Rep 2020; 10:8796. [PMID: 32472018 PMCID: PMC7260234 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65896-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study depicts relations between magnesium (Mg) transport and re-translocation, photoassimilate partitioning, cation and ion concentrations, and finally root growth of potato under different Mg supplies. Potato plants were grown in a hydroponic culture system under different Mg regimes while investigating Mg concentrations, the expression of various Mg transporters, soluble sugars, and cations and anions in source and sink organs at different growth stages. Reports from literature about the impact of Mg deficiency on root growth are inconsistent. As Mg is known to be a phloem mobile nutrient, it is expected to be re-translocated under restricted availability of Mg from source to sink organs. Thus, we assume that plants can tolerate a slight Mg restriction without severe root growth reduction. However, under severe Mg deficiency, the process of Mg re-translocation is hampered, resulting in an impaired photoassimilate partitioning, and finally root growth. This might also explain the findings of studies claiming that Mg deficiency does not impair root growth as plants of these studies likely only suffered a slight Mg restriction. Finally, this study gives indications that an interruption of the process of Mg-re-translocation in early plant growth could be an indicator for growth reductions of the plant at a later growth stage.
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39
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Tang RJ, Luan M, Wang C, Lhamo D, Yang Y, Zhao FG, Lan WZ, Fu AG, Luan S. Plant Membrane Transport Research in the Post-genomic Era. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100013. [PMID: 33404541 PMCID: PMC7747983 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2019.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Membrane transport processes are indispensable for many aspects of plant physiology including mineral nutrition, solute storage, cell metabolism, cell signaling, osmoregulation, cell growth, and stress responses. Completion of genome sequencing in diverse plant species and the development of multiple genomic tools have marked a new era in understanding plant membrane transport at the mechanistic level. Genes coding for a galaxy of pumps, channels, and carriers that facilitate various membrane transport processes have been identified while multiple approaches are developed to dissect the physiological roles as well as to define the transport capacities of these transport systems. Furthermore, signaling networks dictating the membrane transport processes are established to fully understand the regulatory mechanisms. Here, we review recent research progress in the discovery and characterization of the components in plant membrane transport that take advantage of plant genomic resources and other experimental tools. We also provide our perspectives for future studies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jie Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Mingda Luan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dhondup Lhamo
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Nanjing University–Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Fu-Geng Zhao
- Nanjing University–Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wen-Zhi Lan
- Nanjing University–Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ai-Gen Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Corresponding author
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Liu X, Guo LX, Luo LJ, Liu YZ, Peng SA. Identification of the magnesium transport (MGT) family in Poncirus trifoliata and functional characterization of PtrMGT5 in magnesium deficiency stress. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 101:551-560. [PMID: 31621003 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00924-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
At least eight MGT genes were identified in citrus and PtrMGT5 plays important role in maintaining Mg homeostasis in citrus by getting involved in the Mg absorption and transport. Magnesium (Mg) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development, and the magnesium transporter (MGT) genes participate in mediate Mg2+ uptake, translocation and sequestration into cellular storage compartments. Although several MGT genes have been characterized in various plant species, a comprehensive analysis of the MGT gene family in citrus is still uncharacterized. In this study, eight PtrMGT genes were identified through genome-wide analyses. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that PtrMGT genes were classified into five distinct subfamilies. A quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that eight PtrMGT genes were expressed in all of the detected tissues and they mainly expressed in the vegetative organs. Expression analyses revealed the PtrMGT genes responded to various Mg deficiency stresses, including absolute Mg deficiency and antagonistic Mg deficiency which caused by low pH or Al toxicity. PtrMGT5, which localizes to the plasma membrane and was transcriptionally active, was functionally characterized. PtrMGT5 overexpression considerably enhanced absolute Mg deficiency and antagonistic Mg deficiency tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, which was accompanied by increased fresh weight and Mg content, whereas opposite changes were observed when PtrMGT5 homolog in Valencia Orange callus was knocked down. Taken together, PtrMGT5 plays important role in maintaining Mg homeostasis in citrus by getting involved in the Mg absorption and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Xia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Juan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Zhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shu-Ang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Yang LT, Zhou YF, Wang YY, Wu YM, Ye X, Guo JX, Chen LS. Magnesium Deficiency Induced Global Transcriptome Change in Citrus sinensis Leaves Revealed by RNA-Seq. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133129. [PMID: 31248059 PMCID: PMC6651023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is one of the major constraining factors that limit the yield and quality of agricultural products. Uniform seedlings of the Citrus sinensis were irrigated with Mg deficient (0 mM MgSO4) and Mg sufficient (1 mM MgSO4) nutrient solutions for 16 weeks. CO2 assimilation, starch, soluble carbohydrates, TBARS content and H2O2 production were measured. Transcriptomic analysis of C. sinensis leaves was performed by Illumina sequencing. Our results showed that Mg deficiency decreased CO2 assimilation, but increased starch, sucrose, TBARS content and H2O2 production in C. sinensis leaves. A total of 4864 genes showed differential expression in response to Mg deficiency revealed by RNA-Seq and the transcriptomic data were further validated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicated that the mechanisms underlying Mg deficiency tolerance in C. sinensis may be attributed to the following aspects: (a) enhanced microtubule-based movement and cell cycle regulation; (b) elevated signal transduction in response to biotic and abiotic stimuli; (c) alteration of biological processes by tightly controlling phosphorylation especially protein phosphorylation; (d) down-regulation of light harvesting and photosynthesis due to the accumulation of carbohydrates; (e) up-regulation of cell wall remodeling and antioxidant system. Our results provide a comprehensive insight into the transcriptomic profile of key components involved in the Mg deficiency tolerance in C. sinensis and enrich our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which plants adapted to a Mg deficient condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Tong Yang
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yang-Fei Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yan-Yu Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yan-Mei Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xin Ye
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Jiu-Xin Guo
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Li-Song Chen
- Institute of Plant Nutritional Physiology and Molecular Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Genome-wide analysis of magnesium transporter genes in Solanum lycopersicum. Comput Biol Chem 2019; 80:498-511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zhang L, Wen A, Wu X, Pan X, Wu N, Chen X, Chen Y, Mao D, Chen L, Luan S. Molecular identification of the magnesium transport gene family in Brassica napus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 136:204-214. [PMID: 30690277 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential element for plant growth. Its transport and homeostasis in plants is mainly maintained by the MRS2/MGT of Mg2+ transporters. Little is known about the MRS2/MGT gene family in Brassica napus L. (B. napus), one of the most important oil grains. In our present study, we identified 36 putative MRS2/MGT genes (BnMGTs) from B. napus and investigated their phylogeny, expression pattern and function. These BnMGT genes were sorted into five distinguished groups by the phylogenetic analysis, and they were clearly homologous with the MRS2/MGT genes in Arabidopsis and rice. Complementation assays using the Salmonella typhimurium mutant MM281 demonstrated that the BnMGT genes were capable of mediating Mg2+ uptake and transport, with varied affinities to Mg2+. The expression pattern analysis showed that the expression of BnMGTs were tissue-specific and varied in different tissues. This work provides the molecular basis to discover the function of BnMGT gene family in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Anning Wen
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xiaoling Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Nan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Dandan Mao
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Liangbi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Sheng Luan
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, California, USA.
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Wang Y, Hua X, Xu J, Chen Z, Fan T, Zeng Z, Wang H, Hour AL, Yu Q, Ming R, Zhang J. Comparative genomics revealed the gene evolution and functional divergence of magnesium transporter families in Saccharum. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:83. [PMID: 30678642 PMCID: PMC6345045 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sugarcane served as the model plant for discovery of the C4 photosynthetic pathway. Magnesium is the central atom of chlorophyll, and thus is considered as a critical nutrient for plant development and photosynthesis. In plants, the magnesium transporter (MGT) family is composed of a number of membrane proteins, which play crucial roles in maintaining Mg homeostasis. However, to date there is no information available on the genomics of MGTs in sugarcane due to the complexity of the Saccharum genome. Results Here, we identified 10 MGTs from the Saccharum spontaneum genome. Phylogenetic analysis of MGTs suggested that the MGTs contained at least 5 last common ancestors before the origin of angiosperms. Gene structure analysis suggested that MGTs family of dicotyledon may be accompanied by intron loss and pseudoexon phenomena during evolution. The pairwise synonymous substitution rates corresponding to a divergence time ranged from 142.3 to 236.6 Mya, demonstrating that the MGTs are an ancient gene family in plants. Both the phylogeny and Ks analyses indicated that SsMGT1/SsMGT2 originated from the recent ρWGD, and SsMGT7/SsMGT8 originated from the recent σ WGD. These 4 recently duplicated genes were shown low expression levels and assumed to be functionally redundant. MGT6, MGT9 and MGT10 weredominant genes in the MGT family and werepredicted to be located inthe chloroplast. Of the 3 dominant MGTs, SsMGT6 expression levels were found to be induced in the light period, while SsMGT9 and SsMTG10 displayed high expression levels in the dark period. These results suggested that SsMGT6 may have a function complementary to SsMGT9 and SsMTG10 that follows thecircadian clock for MGT in the leaf tissues of S. spontaneum. MGT3, MGT7 and MGT10 had higher expression levels Insaccharum officinarum than in S. spontaneum, suggesting their functional divergence after the split of S. spontaneum and S. officinarum. Conclusions This study of gene evolution and expression of MGTs in S. spontaneum provided basis for the comprehensive genomic study of the entire MGT genes family in Saccharum. The results are valuable for further functional analyses of MGT genes and utilization of the MGTs for Saccharum genetic improvement. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5437-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Wang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Resources and Environment, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiuting Hua
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Resources and Environment, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingsheng Xu
- Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhichang Chen
- Root Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Tianqu Fan
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Resources and Environment, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhaohui Zeng
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Resources and Environment, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hengbo Wang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ai-Ling Hour
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang Dist., Taibei, 242, Taiwan
| | - Qingyi Yu
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University System, Dallas, TX, 75252, USA
| | - Ray Ming
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Resources and Environment, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jisen Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Resources and Environment, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Zhang L, Peng Y, Li J, Tian X, Chen Z. OsMGT1 Confers Resistance to Magnesium Deficiency By Enhancing the Import of Mg in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010207. [PMID: 30626062 PMCID: PMC6337559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential nutrient element for plant growth and plays an important role in numerous physiological and biochemical processes. Mg deficiency inhibits plant growth and has become a growing problem for crop productions in agriculture. However, the molecular mechanisms for the resistance to Mg deficiency in plants were not well understood. In this study, we identified a Mg transporter gene OsMGT1 that confers resistance to Mg deficiency in rice (Oryza sativa). The expression of OsMGT1 was highly induced by Mg deficiency in shoots. Investigation of tissue expression patterns revealed that OsMGT1 was mainly expressed in the phloem region; however, Mg deficiency remarkably enhanced its expression in xylem parenchyma and mesophyll cells in shoots. Knockout of OsMGT1 resulted in a significant reduction in Mg content and biomass when grown at Mg-limited conditions. Furthermore, the sensitivity to low-Mg in mutants was intensified by excessive calcium supply. In addition, overexpression of OsMGT1 increased Mg content and biomass under low-Mg supply. In conclusion, our results indicate that OsMGT1 plays an important role in rice Mg import and is required for the resistance to Mg deficiency, which can be utilized for molecular breeding of low-Mg tolerant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludan Zhang
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yuyang Peng
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xinyue Tian
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zhichang Chen
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Bao Z, Bai J, Cui H, Gong C. A Missing Link in Radial Ion Transport: Ion Transporters in the Endodermis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:713. [PMID: 31231406 PMCID: PMC6558311 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, roots have important functions, such as the acquisition of water and ions, as well as transportation into the aerial parts of the plant via the xylem vessels. Radial ion transport in the root is strongly regulated in the endodermis, which is characterized by the presence of the Casparian strip (CS) and suberin lamellae. Although tremendous progress has been made with regard to the ion transporters and endodermal cells, little is known about the relationship between the ion transporters in the endodermis and ion homeostasis in aboveground tissues. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the location of the ion transporters (or channels) in the endodermis. We mainly discuss the effects of mutants related to the CS and/or suberin formation on the role of endodermal ion transporters in ion homeostasis. We also wish to emphasize the critical role of endodermal ion transporters in the regulation of radial ion transport in the root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhulatai Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Juan Bai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hongchang Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Hongchang Cui,
| | - Chunmei Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Chunmei Gong, ;
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Vacuolar Proton Pyrophosphatase Is Required for High Magnesium Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113617. [PMID: 30453498 PMCID: PMC6274811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential nutrient in all organisms. However, high levels of Mg2+ in the environment are toxic to plants. In this study, we identified the vacuolar-type H⁺-pyrophosphatase, AVP1, as a critical enzyme for optimal plant growth under high-Mg conditions. The Arabidopsis avp1 mutants displayed severe growth retardation, as compared to the wild-type plants upon excessive Mg2+. Unexpectedly, the avp1 mutant plants retained similar Mg content to wild-type plants under either normal or high Mg conditions, suggesting that AVP1 may not directly contribute to Mg2+ homeostasis in plant cells. Further analyses confirmed that the avp1 mutant plants contained a higher pyrophosphate (PPi) content than wild type, coupled with impaired vacuolar H⁺-pyrophosphatase activity. Interestingly, expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytosolic inorganic pyrophosphatase1 gene IPP1, which facilitates PPi hydrolysis but not proton translocation into vacuole, rescued the growth defects of avp1 mutants under high-Mg conditions. These results provide evidence that high-Mg sensitivity in avp1 mutants possibly resulted from elevated level of cytosolic PPi. Moreover, genetic analysis indicated that mutation of AVP1 was additive to the defects in mgt6 and cbl2 cbl3 mutants that are previously known to be impaired in Mg2+ homeostasis. Taken together, our results suggest AVP1 is required for cellular PPi homeostasis that in turn contributes to high-Mg tolerance in plant cells.
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Ogura T, Kobayashi NI, Suzuki H, Iwata R, Nakanishi TM, Tanoi K. Magnesium uptake characteristics in Arabidopsis revealed by 28Mg tracer studies. PLANTA 2018; 248:745-750. [PMID: 29882157 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2936-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Mg2+ uptake system in Arabidopsis roots is Gd3+- and Fe2+-sensitive, and responds to a changing Mg2+ concentration within 1 h with the participation of AtMRS2 transporters. Magnesium (Mg2+) absorption and the mechanism regulating its activity have not been clarified yet. To address these issues, it is necessary to reveal the characteristics of Mg2+ uptake in roots. Therefore, we first investigated the Mg2+ uptake characteristics in roots of 1-week-old Arabidopsis plants using 28Mg. The Mg2+ uptake system in roots was up-regulated within 1 h in response to the low Mg2+ condition. This induction was inhibited in Arabidopsis "mitochondrial RNA splicing 2/magnesium transport" mutants atmrs2-4/atmgt6 and atmrs2-7/atmgt7, while the expression of AtMRS2-4/AtMGT6 and AtMRS2-7/AtMGT7 genes in the Arabidopsis wild-type was not responsive to Mg2+ conditions. In addition, the Mg deficiency-induced Mg2+ uptake system was shut-down within 5 min when Mg2+ was resupplied to the environment. An inhibition study showed that the constitutive mechanism functioning in Mg2+ uptake under Mg2+ sufficient conditions was sensitive to a number of divalent and trivalent cations, particularly Gd3+ and Fe2+, but not to K+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Ogura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Natsuko I Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hisashi Suzuki
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ren Iwata
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tomoko M Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanoi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
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Zhang B, Zhang C, Liu C, Jing Y, Wang Y, Jin L, Yang L, Fu A, Shi J, Zhao F, Lan W, Luan S. Inner Envelope CHLOROPLAST MANGANESE TRANSPORTER 1 Supports Manganese Homeostasis and Phototrophic Growth in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:943-954. [PMID: 29734003 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential catalytic metal in the Mn-cluster that oxidizes water to produce oxygen during photosynthesis. However, the transport protein(s) responsible for Mn2+ import into the chloroplast remains unknown. Here, we report the characterization of Arabidopsis CMT1 (Chloroplast Manganese Transporter 1), an evolutionarily conserved protein in the Uncharacterized Protein Family 0016 (UPF0016), that is required for manganese accumulation into the chloroplast. CMT1 is expressed primarily in green tissues, and its encoded product is localized in the inner envelope membrane of the chloroplast. Disruption of CMT1 in the T-DNA insertional mutant cmt1-1 resulted in stunted plant growth, defective thylakoid stacking, and severe reduction of photosystem II complexes and photosynthetic activity. Consistent with reduced oxygen evolution capacity, the mutant chloroplasts contained less manganese than the wild-type ones. In support of its function as a Mn transporter, CMT1 protein supported the growth and enabled Mn2+ accumulation in the yeast cells of Mn2+-uptake deficient mutant (Δsmf1). Taken together, our results indicate that CMT1 functions as an inner envelope Mn transporter responsible for chloroplast Mn2+ uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Congge Liu
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yanping Jing
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Aigen Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Western Resources Biology and Biological Technology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jisen Shi
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fugeng Zhao
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wenzhi Lan
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Dhanapal AP, Ray JD, Smith JR, Purcell LC, Fritschi FB. Identification of Novel Genomic Loci Associated with Soybean Shoot Tissue Macro- and Micronutrient Concentrations. THE PLANT GENOME 2018; 11. [PMID: 30025027 DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2017.07.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The mineral composition of crop shoot tissues is important for yield formation and nutrient remobilization to seeds. The natural diversity that exists within crop species can be used to investigate mechanisms that define plant mineral composition and to identify important genomic loci for these processes. The objective of this study was to determine shoot mineral nutrient concentrations in genetically diverse soybean [ (L.) Merr.] genotypes and to identify genomic regions associated with concentrations of different nutrients in shoot tissue. The genotypes were grown at two locations in 2 yr and characterized for macronutrient (Ca, Mg, P, K, and S) and micronutrient (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) concentrations in shoot tissues. Genome-wide association studies were conducted with 31,748 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) via a unified mixed model to identify SNPs associated with macro- and micronutrient concentrations. The number of putative loci identified for the macronutrients ranged from 11 for Ca to 20 for K. For the micronutrients, the number ranged from 10 for Mn to 24 for Fe. In addition to colocated loci for multiple nutrients, 22 individual SNPs were associated with more than one nutrient such that 11 different nutrient combinations were encompassed by these SNPs. Ultimately, the putative loci identified in this study will need to be confirmed and are expected to aid in the identification of new sources of variation for use in soybean breeding programs as well as for mechanistic studies aimed at understanding the regulation of mineral nutrient uptake, translocation, and shoot tissue concentrations.
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