1
|
Jin J, Yang L, Fan D, Li L, Hao Q. Integration analysis of miRNA-mRNA pairs between two contrasting genotypes reveals the molecular mechanism of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) response to high-temperature stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:612. [PMID: 38937704 PMCID: PMC11209981 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
With global warming, high temperature (HT) has become one of the most common abiotic stresses resulting in significant crop yield losses, especially for jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), an important temperate economic crop cultivated worldwide. This study aims to explore the coping mechanism of jujube to HT stress at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, including identifying differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs as well as elucidating the critical pathways involved. High-throughput sequencing analyses of miRNA and mRNA were performed on jujube leaves, which were collected from "Fucumi" (heat-tolerant) and "Junzao" (heat-sensitive) cultivars subjected to HT stress (42 °C) for 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days, respectively. The results showed that 45 known miRNAs, 482 novel miRNAs, and 13,884 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) were identified. Among them, integrated analysis of miRNA target genes prediction and mRNA-seq obtained 1306 differentially expressed miRNAs-mRNAs pairs, including 484, 769, and 865 DEMIs-DEMs pairs discovered in "Fucuimi", "Junzao" and two genotypes comparative groups, respectively. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis of 1306 DEMs revealed that plant-pathogen interaction, starch and sucrose metabolism, spliceosome, and plant hormone signal transduction were crucial pathways in jujube leaves response to HT stress. The constructed miRNA-mRNA network, composed of 20 DEMIs and 33 DEMs, displayed significant differently expressions between these two genotypes. This study further proved the regulatory role of miRNAs in the response to HT stress in plants and will provide a theoretical foundation for the innovation and cultivation of heat-tolerant varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jin
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830091, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830091, China
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830091, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830091, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830091, China
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830091, China
| | - Dingyu Fan
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830091, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830091, China
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830091, China
| | - Lili Li
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830091, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830091, China
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830091, China
| | - Qing Hao
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830091, China.
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830091, China.
- Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830091, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Park HJ, Kim M, Lee D, Kim HJ, Jung HW. CRISPR-Cas9 and beyond: identifying target genes for developing disease-resistant plants. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:369-377. [PMID: 38363032 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Throughout the history of crop domestication, desirable traits have been selected in agricultural products. However, such selection often leads to crops and vegetables with weaker vitality and viability than their wild ancestors when exposed to adverse environmental conditions. Considering the increasing human population and climate change challenges, it is crucial to enhance crop quality and quantity. Accordingly, the identification and utilization of diverse genetic resources are imperative for developing disease-resistant plants that can withstand unexpected epidemics of plant diseases. In this review, we provide a brief overview of recent progress in genome-editing technologies, including zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (Cas9) technologies. In particular, we classify disease-resistant mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana and several crop plants based on the roles or functions of the mutated genes in plant immunity and suggest potential target genes for molecular breeding of genome-edited disease-resistant plants. Genome-editing technologies are resilient tools for sustainable development and promising solutions for coping with climate change and population increases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H J Park
- Institute of Agricultural Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center of Ecomimetics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - M Kim
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - D Lee
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - H J Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - H W Jung
- Institute of Agricultural Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tanarsuwongkul S, Fisher KW, Mullis BT, Negi H, Roberts J, Tomlin F, Wang Q, Stratmann JW. Green leaf volatiles co-opt proteins involved in molecular pattern signalling in plant cells. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:928-946. [PMID: 38164082 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The green leaf volatiles (GLVs) Z-3-hexen-1-ol (Z3-HOL) and Z-3-hexenyl acetate (Z3-HAC) are airborne infochemicals released from damaged plant tissues that induce defenses and developmental responses in receiver plants, but little is known about their mechanism of action. We found that Z3-HOL and Z3-HAC induce similar but distinctive physiological and signaling responses in tomato seedlings and cell cultures. In seedlings, Z3-HAC showed a stronger root growth inhibition effect than Z3-HOL. In cell cultures, the two GLVs induced distinct changes in MAP kinase (MAPK) activity and proton fluxes as well as rapid and massive changes in the phosphorylation status of proteins within 5 min. Many of these phosphoproteins are involved in reprogramming the proteome from cellular homoeostasis to stress and include pattern recognition receptors, a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, MAPK cascade components, calcium signaling proteins and transcriptional regulators. These are well-known components of damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) signaling pathways. These rapid changes in the phosphoproteome may underly the activation of defense and developmental responses to GLVs. Our data provide further evidence that GLVs function like DAMPs and indicate that GLVs coopt DAMP signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirsten W Fisher
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - B Todd Mullis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- IMCS, Irmo, South Carolina, USA
| | - Harshita Negi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jamie Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Fallon Tomlin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Johannes W Stratmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sistenich AJ, Fürtauer L, Scheele F, Conrath U. Marker and readout genes for defense priming in Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis interaction aid understanding systemic immunity in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3489. [PMID: 38347062 PMCID: PMC10861594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Following localized infection, the entire plant foliage becomes primed for enhanced defense. However, specific genes induced during defense priming (priming-marker genes) and those showing increased expression in defense-primed plants upon rechallenge (priming-readout genes) remain largely unknown. In our Arabidopsis thaliana study, genes AT1G76960 (function unknown), CAX3 (encoding a vacuolar Ca2+/H+ antiporter), and CRK4 (encoding a cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase) were strongly expressed during Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis-induced defense priming, uniquely marking the primed state for enhanced defense. Conversely, PR1 (encoding a pathogenesis-related protein), RLP23 and RLP41 (both encoding receptor-like proteins) were similarly activated in defense-primed plants before and after rechallenge, suggesting they are additional marker genes for defense priming. In contrast, CASPL4D1 (encoding Casparian strip domain-like protein 4D1), FRK1 (encoding flg22-induced receptor-like kinase), and AT3G28510 (encoding a P loop-containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases superfamily protein) showed minimal activation in uninfected, defense-primed, or rechallenged plants, but intensified in defense-primed plants after rechallenge. Notably, mutation in only priming-readout gene NHL25 (encoding NDR1/HIN1-like protein 25) impaired both defense priming and systemic acquired resistance, highlighting its previously undiscovered pivotal role in systemic plant immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Sistenich
- Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lisa Fürtauer
- Plant Molecular Systems Biology Group, Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Scheele
- Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Uwe Conrath
- Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Siddique AB, Parveen S, Rahman MZ, Rahman J. Revisiting plant stress memory: mechanisms and contribution to stress adaptation. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:349-367. [PMID: 38623161 PMCID: PMC11016036 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Highly repetitive adverse environmental conditions are encountered by plants multiple times during their lifecycle. These repetitive encounters with stresses provide plants an opportunity to remember and recall the experiences of past stress-associated responses, resulting in better adaptation towards those stresses. In general, this phenomenon is known as plant stress memory. According to our current understanding, epigenetic mechanisms play a major role in plants stress memory through DNA methylation, histone, and chromatin remodeling, and modulating non-coding RNAs. In addition, transcriptional, hormonal, and metabolic-based regulations of stress memory establishment also exist for various biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant memory can also be generated by priming the plants using various stressors that improve plants' tolerance towards unfavorable conditions. Additionally, the application of priming agents has been demonstrated to successfully establish stress memory. However, the interconnection of all aspects of the underlying mechanisms of plant stress memory is not yet fully understood, which limits their proper utilization to improve the stress adaptations in plants. This review summarizes the recent understanding of plant stress memory and its potential applications in improving plant tolerance towards biotic and abiotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abu Bakar Siddique
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Prospect, TAS 7250 Australia
| | - Sumaya Parveen
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Md Zahidur Rahman
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Jamilur Rahman
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen J, Li L, Kim JH, Neuhäuser B, Wang M, Thelen M, Hilleary R, Chi Y, Wei L, Venkataramani K, Exposito-Alonso M, Liu C, Keck J, Barragan AC, Schwab R, Lutz U, Pei ZM, He SY, Ludewig U, Weigel D, Zhu W. Small proteins modulate ion-channel-like ACD6 to regulate immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Cell 2023; 83:4386-4397.e9. [PMID: 37995686 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The multi-pass transmembrane protein ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6 (ACD6) is an immune regulator in Arabidopsis thaliana with an unclear biochemical mode of action. We have identified two loci, MODULATOR OF HYPERACTIVE ACD6 1 (MHA1) and its paralog MHA1-LIKE (MHA1L), that code for ∼7 kDa proteins, which differentially interact with specific ACD6 variants. MHA1L enhances the accumulation of an ACD6 complex, thereby increasing the activity of the ACD6 standard allele for regulating plant growth and defenses. The intracellular ankyrin repeats of ACD6 are structurally similar to those found in mammalian ion channels. Several lines of evidence link increased ACD6 activity to enhanced calcium influx, with MHA1L as a direct regulator of ACD6, indicating that peptide-regulated ion channels are not restricted to animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junbin Chen
- China Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jong Hum Kim
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Benjamin Neuhäuser
- Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mingyu Wang
- China Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Michael Thelen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Yuan Chi
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Luyang Wei
- China Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kavita Venkataramani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Moises Exposito-Alonso
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Chang Liu
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jakob Keck
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - A Cristina Barragan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schwab
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lutz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zhen-Ming Pei
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Sheng-Yang He
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Uwe Ludewig
- Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Detlef Weigel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Wangsheng Zhu
- China Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bajpe H, Rychel K, Lamoureux CR, Sastry AV, Palsson BO. Machine learning uncovers the Pseudomonas syringae transcriptome in microbial communities and during infection. mSystems 2023; 8:e0043723. [PMID: 37638727 PMCID: PMC10654099 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00437-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 is a model plant pathogen that infects tomatoes and Arabidopsis thaliana. The current understanding of global transcriptional regulation in the pathogen is limited. Here, we applied iModulon analysis to a compendium of RNA-seq data to unravel its transcriptional regulatory network. We characterize each co-regulated gene set, revealing the activity of major regulators across diverse conditions. We provide new insights on the transcriptional dynamics in interactions with the plant immune system and with other bacterial species, such as AlgU-dependent regulation of flagellar genes during plant infection and downregulation of siderophore production in the presence of a siderophore cheater. This study demonstrates the novel application of iModulons in studying temporal dynamics during host-pathogen and microbe-microbe interactions, and reveals specific insights of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heera Bajpe
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kevin Rychel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Cameron R. Lamoureux
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anand V. Sastry
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Bernhard O. Palsson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen Q, Dong H, Li Q, Sun X, Qiao X, Yin H, Xie Z, Qi K, Huang X, Zhang S. PbrChiA: a key chitinase of pear in response to Botryosphaeria dothidea infection by interacting with PbrLYK1b2 and down-regulating ROS accumulation. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad188. [PMID: 37899950 PMCID: PMC10611555 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Pear ring rot, caused by the pathogenic fungi Botryosphaeria dothidea, seriously affects pear production. While the infection-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst of infected plants limits the proliferation of B. dothidea during the early infection stage, high ROS levels can also contribute to their growth during the later necrotrophic infection stage. Therefore, it is important to understand how plants balance ROS levels and resistance to pathogenic B. dothidea during the later stage. In this study, we identified PbrChiA, a glycosyl hydrolases 18 (GH18) chitinase-encoding gene with high infection-induced expression, through a comparative transcriptome analysis. Artificial substitution, stable overexpression, and virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments demonstrated that PbrChiA can positively regulate pear resistance as a secreted chitinase to break down B. dothidea mycelium in vitro and that overexpression of PbrChiA suppressed infection-induced ROS accumulation. Further analysis revealed that PbrChiA can bind to the ectodomain of PbrLYK1b2, and this interaction suppressed PbrLYK1b2-mediated chitin-induced ROS accumulation. Collectively, we propose that the combination of higher antifungal activity from abundant PbrChiA and lower ROS levels during later necrotrophic infection stage confer resistance of pear against B. dothidea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huizhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qionghou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhihua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kaijie Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaosan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jung HW, Cecchini NM. Editorial: Systemic resistance and defense priming against pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1267513. [PMID: 37674740 PMCID: PMC10478248 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1267513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Won Jung
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nicolás M. Cecchini
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
George J, Stegmann M, Monaghan J, Bailey-Serres J, Zipfel C. Arabidopsis translation initiation factor binding protein CBE1 negatively regulates accumulation of the NADPH oxidase respiratory burst oxidase homolog D. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105018. [PMID: 37423301 PMCID: PMC10432800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell surface pattern recognition receptors sense invading pathogens by binding microbial or endogenous elicitors to activate plant immunity. These responses are under tight control to avoid excessive or untimely activation of cellular responses, which may otherwise be detrimental to host cells. How this fine-tuning is accomplished is an area of active study. We previously described a suppressor screen that identified Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with regained immune signaling in the immunodeficient genetic background bak1-5, which we named modifier of bak1-5 (mob) mutants. Here, we report that bak1-5 mob7 mutant restores elicitor-induced signaling. Using a combination of map-based cloning and whole-genome resequencing, we identified MOB7 as conserved binding of eIF4E1 (CBE1), a plant-specific protein that interacts with the highly conserved eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E1. Our data demonstrate that CBE1 regulates the accumulation of respiratory burst oxidase homolog D, the NADPH oxidase responsible for elicitor-induced apoplastic reactive oxygen species production. Furthermore, several mRNA decapping and translation initiation factors colocalize with CBE1 and similarly regulate immune signaling. This study thus identifies a novel regulator of immune signaling and provides new insights into reactive oxygen species regulation, potentially through translational control, during plant stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeoffrey George
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom; Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Stegmann
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Monaghan
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Bailey-Serres
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom; Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Miranda de la Torre JO, Peppino Margutti MY, Lescano López I, Cambiagno DA, Alvarez ME, Cecchini NM. The Arabidopsis chromatin regulator MOM1 is a negative component of the defense priming induced by AZA, BABA and PIP. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1133327. [PMID: 37229135 PMCID: PMC10203520 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1133327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the establishment of broad and long-lasting immunity is based on programs that control systemic resistance and immunological memory or "priming". Despite not showing activated defenses, a primed plant induces a more efficient response to recurrent infections. Priming might involve chromatin modifications that allow a faster/stronger activation of defense genes. The Arabidopsis chromatin regulator "Morpheus Molecule 1" (MOM1) has been recently suggested as a priming factor affecting the expression of immune receptor genes. Here, we show that mom1 mutants exacerbate the root growth inhibition response triggered by the key defense priming inducers azelaic acid (AZA), β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) and pipecolic acid (PIP). Conversely, mom1 mutants complemented with a minimal version of MOM1 (miniMOM1 plants) are insensitive. Moreover, miniMOM1 is unable to induce systemic resistance against Pseudomonas sp. in response to these inducers. Importantly, AZA, BABA and PIP treatments reduce the MOM1 expression, but not miniMOM1 transcript levels, in systemic tissues. Consistently, several MOM1-regulated immune receptor genes are upregulated during the activation of systemic resistance in WT plants, while this effect is not observed in miniMOM1. Taken together, our results position MOM1 as a chromatin factor that negatively regulates the defense priming induced by AZA, BABA and PIP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julián O. Miranda de la Torre
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica-Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Micaela Y. Peppino Margutti
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica-Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Lescano López
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica-Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Damián Alejandro Cambiagno
- Unidad de Estudios Agropecuarios (UDEA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica-Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María E. Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica-Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolás M. Cecchini
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica-Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hönig M, Roeber VM, Schmülling T, Cortleven A. Chemical priming of plant defense responses to pathogen attacks. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1146577. [PMID: 37223806 PMCID: PMC10200928 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1146577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants can acquire an improved resistance against pathogen attacks by exogenous application of natural or artificial compounds. In a process called chemical priming, application of these compounds causes earlier, faster and/or stronger responses to pathogen attacks. The primed defense may persist over a stress-free time (lag phase) and may be expressed also in plant organs that have not been directly treated with the compound. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the signaling pathways involved in chemical priming of plant defense responses to pathogen attacks. Chemical priming in induced systemic resistance (ISR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is highlighted. The roles of the transcriptional coactivator NONEXPRESSOR OF PR1 (NPR1), a key regulator of plant immunity, induced resistance (IR) and salicylic acid signaling during chemical priming are underlined. Finally, we consider the potential usage of chemical priming to enhance plant resistance to pathogens in agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hönig
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Venja M. Roeber
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Cortleven
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang C, Dong Y, Ren Y, Wang S, Yang M. Conjoint Analysis of Genome-Wide lncRNA and mRNA Expression during the Salicylic Acid Response in Populus × euramericana. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1377. [PMID: 36987064 PMCID: PMC10058947 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in a wide range of biological processes, but lncRNAs in plants remain largely unknown; in particular, we lack a systematic identification of plant lncRNAs involved in hormone responses. To explore the molecular mechanism of the response of poplar to salicylic acid (SA), the changes in protective enzymes, which are closely related to plant resistance induced by exogenous SA, were studied, and the expression of mRNA and lncRNA were determined by high-throughput RNA sequencing. The results showed that the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), in the leaves of Populus × euramericana, were significantly increased by exogenous SA application. High-throughput RNA sequencing showed that 26,366 genes and 5690 lncRNAs were detected under the different treatment conditions: SA and H2O application. Among these, 606 genes and 49 lncRNAs were differentially expressed. According to target prediction, lncRNAs and target genes involved in light response, stress response, plant disease resistance, and growth and development, were differentially expressed in SA-treated leaves. Interaction analysis showed that lncRNA-mRNA interactions, following exogenous SA, were involved in the response of poplar leaves to the external environment. Our study provides a comprehensive view of Populus × euramericana lncRNAs and offers insights into the potential functions and regulatory interactions of SA-responsive lncRNAs, thus forming the foundation for future functional analysis of SA-responsive lncRNAs in Populus × euramericana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Forest Department, Forestry College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Forest Department, Forestry College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yachao Ren
- Forest Department, Forestry College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- Forest Department, Forestry College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Minsheng Yang
- Forest Department, Forestry College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Tree Genetic Resources and Forest Protection, Baoding 071000, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liang Z, Liu K, Jiang C, Yang A, Yan J, Han X, Zhang C, Cong P, Zhang L. Insertion of a TRIM-like sequence in MdFLS2-1 promoter is associated with its allele-specific expression in response to Alternaria alternata in apple. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1090621. [PMID: 36643297 PMCID: PMC9834810 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1090621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alternaria blotch disease, caused by Alternaria alternata apple pathotype (AAAP), is one of the major fungal diseases in apple. Early field observations revealed, the anther-derived homozygote Hanfu line (HFTH1) was highly susceptible to AAAP, whereas Hanfu (HF) exhibited resistance to AAAP. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the difference in sensitivity of HF and HFTH1 to AAAP, we performed allele-specific expression (ASE) analysis and comparative transcriptomic analysis before and after AAAP inoculation. We reported an important immune gene, namely, MdFLS2, which displayed strong ASE in HF with much lower expression levels of HFTH1-derived alleles. Transient overexpression of the dominant allele of MdFLS2-1 from HF in GL-3 apple leaves could enhance resistance to AAAP and induce expression of genes related to salicylic acid pathway. In addition, MdFLS2-1 was identified with an insertion of an 85-bp terminal-repeat retrotransposon in miniature (TRIM) element-like sequence in the upstream region of the nonreference allele. In contrast, only one terminal direct repeat (TDR) from TRIM-like sequence was present in the upstream region of the HFTH1-derived allele MdFLS2-2. Furthermore, the results of luciferase and β-glucuronidase reporter assays demonstrated that the intact TRIM-like sequence has enhancer activity. This suggested that insertion of the TRIM-like sequence regulates the expression level of the allele of MdFLS2, in turn, affecting the sensitivity of HF and HFTH1 to AAAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolin Liang
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization), Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization), Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, China
| | - Chunyang Jiang
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization), Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, China
| | - An Yang
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization), Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, China
| | - Jiadi Yan
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization), Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, China
| | - Xiaolei Han
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization), Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization), Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, China
| | - Peihua Cong
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization), Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, China
| | - Liyi Zhang
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Germplasm Resources Utilization), Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
DELAY OF GERMINATION 1, the Master Regulator of Seed Dormancy, Integrates the Regulatory Network of Phytohormones at the Transcriptional Level to Control Seed Dormancy. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6205-6217. [PMID: 36547084 PMCID: PMC9777134 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed dormancy, an important adaptive trait that governs germination timing, is endogenously controlled by phytohormones and genetic factors. DELAY OF GERMINATION 1 (DOG1) is the vital genetic regulator of dormancy, significantly affecting the expression of numerous ABA and GA metabolic genes. However, whether DOG1 could influence the expression of other phytohormone-related genes is still unknown. Here, we comprehensively investigated all well-documented hormone-related genes which might be affected in dog1-2 dry or imbibed seeds by using whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). We found that DOG1 could systematically control the expression of phytohormone-related genes. An evident decrease was observed in the endogenous signal intensity of abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), while a dramatic increase appeared in that of gibberellins (GA), brassinosteroids (BR), and cytokinin (CK) in the dog1-2 background, which may contribute considerably to its dormancy-deficient phenotype. Collectively, our data highlight the role of DOG1 in balancing the expression of phytohormone-related genes and provide inspirational evidence that DOG1 may integrate the phytohormones network to control seed dormancy.
Collapse
|
16
|
Yoo SJ, Choi HJ, Noh SW, Cecchini NM, Greenberg JT, Jung HW. Genetic requirements for infection-specific responses in conferring disease resistance in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1068438. [PMID: 36523630 PMCID: PMC9745044 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1068438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Immunity in plants arises from defense regulatory circuits that can be conceptualized as modules. Both the types (and isolates) of pathogen and the repertoire of plant receptors may cause different modules to be activated and affect the magnitude of activation. Two major defense enzymes of Arabidopsis are ALD1 and ICS1/SID2. ALD1 is an aminotransferase needed for producing the metabolites pipecolic acid, hydroxy-pipecolic acid, and possibly other defense signals. ICS1/SID2 produces isochorismate, an intermediate in the synthesis of salicylic acid (SA) and SA-derivatives. Metabolites resulting from the activation of these enzymes are found in petiole exudates and may serve as priming signals for systemic disease resistance in Arabidopsis. Mutants lacking ALD1 are known to have reduced SA accumulation. To further investigate the role of ALD1 in relation to the SA-related module, immunity phenotypes of double mutants that disrupt ALD1 and ICS1/SID2 or SA perception by NPR1 were compared with each single mutant after infection by different Pseudomonas strains. Exudates collected from these mutants after infection were also evaluated for their ability to confer disease resistance when applied to wild-type plants. During infection with virulent or attenuated strains, the loss of ALD1 does not increase the susceptibility of npr1 or sid2 mutants, suggesting the main role of ALD1 in this context is in amplifying the SA-related module. In contrast, after an infection that leads to strong pathogen recognition via the cytoplasmic immune receptor RPS2, ALD1 acts additively with both NPR1 and ICS1/SID2 to suppress pathogen growth. The additive effects are observed in early basal defense responses as well as SA-related events. Thus, there are specific conditions that dictate whether the modules independently contribute to immunity to provide additive protection during infection. In the exudate experiments, intact NPR1 and ICS1/SID2, but not ALD1 in the donor plants were needed for conferring immunity. Mixing exudates showed that loss of SID2 yields exudates that suppress active exudates from wild-type or ald1 plants. This indicates that ICS1/SID2 may not only lead to positive defense signals, but also prevent a suppressive signal(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Je Yoo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyo Ju Choi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Seong Woo Noh
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Nicolás M. Cecchini
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jean T. Greenberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ho Won Jung
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
RING-Type E3 Ubiquitin Ligases AtRDUF1 and AtRDUF2 Positively Regulate the Expression of PR1 Gene and Pattern-Triggered Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314525. [PMID: 36498851 PMCID: PMC9739713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of E3 ubiquitin ligases from different families for plant immune signaling has been confirmed. Plant RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases are members of the E3 ligase superfamily and have been shown to play positive or negative roles during the regulation of various steps of plant immunity. Here, we present Arabidopsis RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases AtRDUF1 and AtRDUF2 which act as positive regulators of flg22- and SA-mediated defense signaling. Expression of AtRDUF1 and AtRDUF2 is induced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pathogens. The atrduf1 and atrduf2 mutants displayed weakened responses when triggered by PAMPs. Immune responses, including oxidative burst, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, and transcriptional activation of marker genes, were attenuated in the atrduf1 and atrduf2 mutants. The suppressed activation of PTI responses also resulted in enhanced susceptibility to bacterial pathogens. Interestingly, atrduf1 and atrduf2 mutants showed defects in SA-mediated or pathogen-mediated PR1 expression; however, avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000-induced cell death was unaffected. Our findings suggest that AtRDUF1 and AtRDUF2 are not just PTI-positive regulators but are also involved in SA-mediated PR1 gene expression, which is important for resistance to P. syringae.
Collapse
|
18
|
Hu P, Ren Y, Xu J, Wei Q, Song P, Guan Y, Gao H, Zhang Y, Hu H, Li C. Identification of ankyrin-transmembrane-type subfamily genes in Triticeae species reveals TaANKTM2A-5 regulates powdery mildew resistance in wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:943217. [PMID: 35937376 PMCID: PMC9353636 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.943217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ankyrin-transmembrane (ANKTM) subfamily is the most abundant subgroup of the ANK superfamily, with critical roles in pathogen defense. However, the function of ANKTM proteins in wheat immunity remains largely unexplored. Here, a total of 381 ANKTMs were identified from five Triticeae species and Arabidopsis, constituting five classes. Among them, class a only contains proteins from Triticeae species and the number of ANKTM in class a of wheat is significantly larger than expected, even after consideration of the ploidy level. Tandem duplication analysis of ANKTM indicates that Triticum urartu, Triticum dicoccoides and wheat all had experienced tandem duplication events which in wheat-produced ANKTM genes all clustered in class a. The above suggests that not only did the genome polyploidization result in the increase of ANKTM gene number, but that tandem duplication is also a mechanism for the expansion of this subfamily. Micro-collinearity analysis of Triticeae ANKTMs indicates that some ANKTM type genes evolved into other types of ANKs in the evolution process. Public RNA-seq data showed that most of the genes in class d and class e are expressed, and some of them show differential responses to biotic stresses. Furthermore, qRT-PCR results showed that some ANKTMs in class d and class e responded to powdery mildew. Silencing of TaANKTM2A-5 by barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing compromised powdery mildew resistance in common wheat Bainongaikang58. Findings in this study not only help to understand the evolutionary process of ANKTM genes, but also form the basis for exploring disease resistance genes in the ANKTM gene family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yueming Ren
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jun Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qichao Wei
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Puwen Song
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guan
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Huanting Gao
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chengwei Li
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li Y, Xue J, Wang FZ, Huang X, Gong BQ, Tao Y, Shen W, Tao K, Yao N, Xiao S, Zhou JM, Li JF. Plasma membrane-nucleo-cytoplasmic coordination of a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase promotes EDS1-dependent plant immunity. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:802-816. [PMID: 35851623 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01195-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plants use cell-surface immune receptors to recognize pathogen-specific patterns to evoke basal immunity. ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY (EDS1) is known to be crucial for plant basal immunity, whereas its activation mechanism by pattern recognition remains enigmatic. Here, we show that the fungal pattern chitin induced the plasma membrane-anchored receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase PBS1-LIKE 19 (PBL19) to undergo nuclear translocation in Arabidopsis. The palmitoylation-deficient PBL19C3A variant constantly resided in the nucleus, triggering transcriptional self-amplification mainly through WRKY8 and EDS1-dependent constitutive immunity. Unexpectedly, the metacaspase-cleaved PBL19 lacking the N-terminal nuclear localization sequence specifically interacted with and phosphorylated EDS1 in the cytoplasm. Phosphodeficient EDS1 attenuated PBL19C3A-induced constitutive immunity, while phosphomimetic EDS1 complemented the loss of PBL19 for fungal resistance. Collectively, these findings reveal a compelling model wherein the plasma membrane, nuclear and cytoplasmic pools of PBL19 temporally coordinate distinct roles of immune signal receiver, amplifier and effector to boost plant antifungal immunity via EDS1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Zhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ben-Qiang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuheng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kehan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dutilloy E, Oni FE, Esmaeel Q, Clément C, Barka EA. Plant Beneficial Bacteria as Bioprotectants against Wheat and Barley Diseases. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060632. [PMID: 35736115 PMCID: PMC9225584 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat and barley are the main cereal crops cultivated worldwide and serve as staple food for a third of the world's population. However, due to enormous biotic stresses, the annual production has significantly reduced by 30-70%. Recently, the accelerated use of beneficial bacteria in the control of wheat and barley pathogens has gained prominence. In this review, we synthesized information about beneficial bacteria with demonstrated protection capacity against major barley and wheat pathogens including Fusarium graminearum, Zymoseptoria tritici and Pyrenophora teres. By summarizing the general insights into molecular factors involved in plant-pathogen interactions, we show to an extent, the means by which beneficial bacteria are implicated in plant defense against wheat and barley diseases. On wheat, many Bacillus strains predominantly reduced the disease incidence of F. graminearum and Z. tritici. In contrast, on barley, the efficacy of a few Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Paraburkholderia spp. has been established against P. teres. Although several modes of action were described for these strains, we have highlighted the role of Bacillus and Pseudomonas secondary metabolites in mediating direct antagonism and induced resistance against these pathogens. Furthermore, we advance a need to ascertain the mode of action of beneficial bacteria/molecules to enhance a solution-based crop protection strategy. Moreover, an apparent disjoint exists between numerous experiments that have demonstrated disease-suppressive effects and the translation of these successes to commercial products and applications. Clearly, the field of cereal disease protection leaves a lot to be explored and uncovered.
Collapse
|
21
|
Köster P, DeFalco TA, Zipfel C. Ca 2+ signals in plant immunity. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110741. [PMID: 35560235 PMCID: PMC9194748 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions function as a key second messenger ion in eukaryotes. Spatially and temporally defined cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals are shaped through the concerted activity of ion channels, exchangers, and pumps in response to diverse stimuli; these signals are then decoded through the activity of Ca2+ -binding sensor proteins. In plants, Ca2+ signaling is central to both pattern- and effector-triggered immunity, with the generation of characteristic cytoplasmic Ca2+ elevations in response to potential pathogens being common to both. However, despite their importance, and a long history of scientific interest, the transport proteins that shape Ca2+ signals and their integration remain poorly characterized. Here, we discuss recent work that has both shed light on and deepened the mysteries of Ca2+ signaling in plant immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Köster
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas A DeFalco
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Qi P, Huang M, Hu X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Li P, Chen S, Zhang D, Cao S, Zhu W, Xie J, Cheng J, Fu Y, Jiang D, Yu X, Li B. A Ralstonia solanacearum effector targets TGA transcription factors to subvert salicylic acid signaling. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1666-1683. [PMID: 35043960 PMCID: PMC9048914 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum causes wilt disease on Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). This pathogen uses type III effectors to inhibit the plant immune system; however, how individual effectors interfere with plant immune responses, including transcriptional reprograming, remain elusive. Here, we show that the type III effector RipAB targets Arabidopsis TGACG SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC BINDING PROTEIN (TGA) transcription factors, the central regulators of plant immune gene regulation, via physical interaction in the nucleus to dampen immune responses. RipAB was required for R. solanacearum virulence on wild-type tomato and Arabidopsis but not Arabidopsis tga1 tga4 and tga2 tga5 tga6 mutants. Stable expression of RipAB in Arabidopsis suppressed the pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and immune gene induction as well as salicylic acid (SA) regulons including RBOHD and RBOHF, responsible for ROS production, all of which were phenocopied by the tga1 tga4 and tga2 tga5 tga6 mutants. We found that TGAs directly activate RBOHD and RBOHF expression and that RipAB inhibits this through interfering with the recruitment of RNA polymerase II. These results suggest that TGAs are the bona fide and major virulence targets of RipAB, which disrupts SA signaling by inhibiting TGA activity to achieve successful infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Pengyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shiyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wanting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiatao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiasen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanping Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Daohong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Li
- Author for correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ngou BPM, Ding P, Jones JDG. Thirty years of resistance: Zig-zag through the plant immune system. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1447-1478. [PMID: 35167697 PMCID: PMC9048904 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the plant immune system is crucial for using genetics to protect crops from diseases. Plants resist pathogens via a two-tiered innate immune detection-and-response system. The first plant Resistance (R) gene was cloned in 1992 . Since then, many cell-surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have been identified, and R genes that encode intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) have been cloned. Here, we provide a list of characterized PRRs and NLRs. In addition to immune receptors, many components of immune signaling networks were discovered over the last 30 years. We review the signaling pathways, physiological responses, and molecular regulation of both PRR- and NLR-mediated immunity. Recent studies have reinforced the importance of interactions between the two immune systems. We provide an overview of interactions between PRR- and NLR-mediated immunity, highlighting challenges and perspectives for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pingtao Ding
- Author for correspondence: (B.P.M.N.); (P.D.); (J.J.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Schulman P, Ribeiro THC, Fokar M, Chalfun-Junior A, Lally RD, Paré PW, de Medeiros FHV. A Microbial Fermentation Product Induces Defense-Related Transcriptional Changes and the Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds in Glycine max. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:862-871. [PMID: 34622696 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-21-0227-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the progressive loss of fungicide efficacy against Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal agent of Asian soybean rust (ASR), alternative methods to protect soybean crops are needed. Resistance induction is a low impact alternative and/or supplement to fungicide applications that fortifies innate plant defenses against pathogens. Here, we show that a microbial fermentation product (MFP) induces plant defenses in soybean, and transcriptional induction is enhanced with the introduction of ASR. MFP-treated plants exhibited 1,011 and 1,877 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) 12 and 60 h after treatment, respectively, compared with water controls. MFP plants exposed to the pathogen 48 h after application and sampled 12 h later (for a total of 60 h) had 2,401 DEGs compared with control. The plant defense genes PR1, PR2, IPER, PAL, and CHS were induced with MFP application, and induction was enhanced with ASR. Enriched pathways associated with pathogen defense included plant-pathogen interactions, MAPK signaling pathways, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, flavonoid metabolism, and isoflavonoid metabolism. In field conditions, elevated antioxidant peroxidase activities and phenolic accumulation were measured with MFP treatment; however, improved ASR control or enhanced crop yield were not observed. MFP elicitation differences between field and laboratory grown plants necessitates further testing to identify best practices for effective disease management with MFP-treated soybean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Schulman
- Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural do Estado Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30441-194, Brazil
| | - Thales H C Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Mohamed Fokar
- Center for Biotechnology & Genomics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, U.S.A
| | - Antonio Chalfun-Junior
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-900, Brazil
| | | | - Paul W Paré
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, U.S.A
| | - Flávio H V de Medeiros
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Navarrete F, Gallei M, Kornienko AE, Saado I, Khan M, Chia KS, Darino MA, Bindics J, Djamei A. TOPLESS promotes plant immunity by repressing auxin signaling and is targeted by the fungal effector Naked1. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100269. [PMID: 35529945 PMCID: PMC9073326 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the antagonism between growth and defense is hardwired by hormonal signaling. The perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from invading microorganisms inhibits auxin signaling and plant growth. Conversely, pathogens manipulate auxin signaling to promote disease, but how this hormone inhibits immunity is not fully understood. Ustilago maydis is a maize pathogen that induces auxin signaling in its host. We characterized a U. maydis effector protein, Naked1 (Nkd1), that is translocated into the host nucleus. Through its native ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif, Nkd1 binds to the transcriptional co-repressors TOPLESS/TOPLESS-related (TPL/TPRs) and prevents the recruitment of a transcriptional repressor involved in hormonal signaling, leading to the de-repression of auxin and jasmonate signaling and thereby promoting susceptibility to (hemi)biotrophic pathogens. A moderate upregulation of auxin signaling inhibits the PAMP-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, an early defense response. Thus, our findings establish a clear mechanism for auxin-induced pathogen susceptibility. Engineered Nkd1 variants with increased expression or increased EAR-mediated TPL/TPR binding trigger typical salicylic-acid-mediated defense reactions, leading to pathogen resistance. This implies that moderate binding of Nkd1 to TPL is a result of a balancing evolutionary selection process to enable TPL manipulation while avoiding host recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Navarrete
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michelle Gallei
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aleksandra E. Kornienko
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Indira Saado
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Mamoona Khan
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Khong-Sam Chia
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Martin A. Darino
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Janos Bindics
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Djamei
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OEAW), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ngou BPM, Jones JDG, Ding P. Plant immune networks. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:255-273. [PMID: 34548213 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants have both cell-surface and intracellular receptors to recognize diverse self- and non-self molecules. Cell-surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize extracellular pathogen-/damage-derived molecules or apoplastic pathogen-derived effectors. Intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins (NLRs) recognize pathogen effectors. Activation of both PRRs and NLRs elevates defense gene expression and accumulation of the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA), which results in SA-dependent transcriptional reprogramming. These receptors, together with their coreceptors, form networks to mediate downstream immune responses. In addition, cell-surface and intracellular immune systems are interdependent and function synergistically to provide robust resistance against pathogens. Here, we summarize the interactions between these immune systems and attempt to provide a holistic picture of plant immune networks. We highlight current challenges and discuss potential new research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Pok Man Ngou
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Jonathan D G Jones
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Pingtao Ding
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden 2333, BE, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yang Z, Zhi P, Chang C. Priming seeds for the future: Plant immune memory and application in crop protection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:961840. [PMID: 35968080 PMCID: PMC9372760 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.961840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved adaptive strategies to cope with pathogen infections that seriously threaten plant viability and crop productivity. Upon the perception of invading pathogens, the plant immune system is primed, establishing an immune memory that allows primed plants to respond more efficiently to the upcoming pathogen attacks. Physiological, transcriptional, metabolic, and epigenetic changes are induced during defense priming, which is essential to the establishment and maintenance of plant immune memory. As an environmental-friendly technique in crop protection, seed priming could effectively induce plant immune memory. In this review, we highlighted the recent advances in the establishment and maintenance mechanisms of plant defense priming and the immune memory associated, and discussed strategies and challenges in exploiting seed priming on crops to enhance disease resistance.
Collapse
|
28
|
Bhar A, Chakraborty A, Roy A. Plant Responses to Biotic Stress: Old Memories Matter. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:84. [PMID: 35009087 PMCID: PMC8747260 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plants are fascinating organisms present in most ecosystems and a model system for studying different facets of ecological interactions on Earth. In the environment, plants constantly encounter a multitude of abiotic and biotic stresses. The zero-avoidance phenomena make them more resilient to such environmental odds. Plants combat biotic stress or pathogenic ingression through a complex orchestration of intracellular signalling cascades. The plant-microbe interaction primarily relies on acquired immune response due to the absence of any specialised immunogenic cells for adaptive immune response. The generation of immune memory is mainly carried out by T cells as part of the humoral immune response in animals. Recently, prodigious advancements in our understanding of epigenetic regulations in plants invoke the "plant memory" theory afresh. Current innovations in cutting-edge genomic tools have revealed stress-associated genomic alterations and strengthened the idea of transgenerational memory in plants. In plants, stress signalling events are transferred as genomic imprints in successive generations, even without any stress. Such immunogenic priming of plants against biotic stresses is crucial for their eco-evolutionary success. However, there is limited literature capturing the current knowledge of the transgenerational memory of plants boosting biotic stress responses. In this context, the present review focuses on the general concept of memory in plants, recent advancements in this field and comprehensive implications in biotic stress tolerance with future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Bhar
- Post Graduate Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata 700118, West Bengal, India
| | - Amrita Chakraborty
- EVA4.0-Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Amit Roy
- EVA4.0-Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nair A, Goyal I, Voß E, Mrozek P, Prajapati S, Thurow C, Tietze L, Tittmann K, Gatz C. N-hydroxypipecolic acid-induced transcription requires the salicylic acid signaling pathway at basal SA levels. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2803-2819. [PMID: 34890459 PMCID: PMC8644824 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a plant immune response established in uninfected leaves after colonization of local leaves with biotrophic or hemibiotrophic pathogens. The amino acid-derived metabolite N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) travels from infected to systemic leaves, where it activates salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis through the isochorismate pathway. The resulting increased SA levels are essential for induction of a large set of SAR marker genes and full SAR establishment. In this study, we show that pharmacological treatment of Arabidopsis thaliana with NHP induces a subset of SAR-related genes even in the SA induction-deficient2 (sid2/isochorismate synthase1) mutant, which is devoid of NHP-induced SA. NHP-mediated induction is abolished in sid2-1 NahG plants, in which basal SA levels are degraded. The SA receptor NON-EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1 (NPR1) and its interacting TGACG SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC BINDING PROTEIN (TGA) transcription factors are required for the NHP-mediated induction of SAR genes at resting SA levels. Isothermal titration analysis determined a KD of 7.9 ± 0.5 µM for the SA/NPR1 complex, suggesting that basal levels of SA would not bind to NPR1 unless yet unknown potentially NHP-induced processes increase the affinity. Moreover, the nucleocytoplasmic protein PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4 is required for a slight NHP-mediated increase in NPR1 protein levels and NHP-induced expression of SAR-related genes. Our experiments have unraveled that NHP requires basal SA and components of the SA signaling pathway to induce SAR genes. Still, the mechanism of NHP perception remains enigmatic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Nair
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Physiology, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August University Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Isha Goyal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Physiology, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August University Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Edgar Voß
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August University Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pascal Mrozek
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Physiology, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August University Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabin Prajapati
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Göttingen Centre for Molecular Biosciences and Albrecht-von-Haller Institute, Georg-August University Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Structural Dynamics, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Corinna Thurow
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Physiology, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August University Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Tietze
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August University Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kai Tittmann
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Göttingen Centre for Molecular Biosciences and Albrecht-von-Haller Institute, Georg-August University Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Structural Dynamics, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christiane Gatz
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Physiology, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August University Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Author for communication:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Genome-wide survey and characterization of ACD6-like genes in leguminous plants. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00829-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
31
|
Li L, Weigel D. One Hundred Years of Hybrid Necrosis: Hybrid Autoimmunity as a Window into the Mechanisms and Evolution of Plant-Pathogen Interactions. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 59:213-237. [PMID: 33945695 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-020620-114826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid necrosis in plants refers to a genetic autoimmunity syndrome in the progeny of interspecific or intraspecific crosses. Although the phenomenon was first documented in 1920, it has been unequivocally linked to autoimmunity only recently, with the discovery of the underlying genetic and biochemical mechanisms. The most common causal loci encode immune receptors, which are known to differ within and between species. One mechanism can be explained by the guard hypothesis, in which a guard protein, often a nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat protein, is activated by interaction with a plant protein that mimics standard guardees modified by pathogen effector proteins. Another surprising mechanism is the formation of inappropriately active immune receptor complexes. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of hybrid necrosis and discuss how its study is not only informing the understanding of immune gene evolution but also revealing new aspects of plant immune signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; ,
| | - Detlef Weigel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; ,
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yuan M, Ngou BPM, Ding P, Xin XF. PTI-ETI crosstalk: an integrative view of plant immunity. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 62:102030. [PMID: 33684883 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants resist attacks by pathogens via innate immune responses, which are initiated by cell surface-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing receptors (NLRs) leading to pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), respectively. Although the two classes of immune receptors involve different activation mechanisms and appear to require different early signalling components, PTI and ETI eventually converge into many similar downstream responses, albeit with distinct amplitudes and dynamics. Increasing evidence suggests the existence of intricate interactions between PRR-mediated and NLR-mediated signalling cascades as well as common signalling components shared by both. Future investigation of the mechanisms underlying signal collaboration between PRR-initiated and NLR-initiated immunity will enable a more complete understanding of the plant immune system. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the relationship between the two layers of plant innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minhang Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bruno Pok Man Ngou
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Pingtao Ding
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden 2333 BE, The Netherlands.
| | - Xiu-Fang Xin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; CAS-JIC Center of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences (CEPAMS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Trujillo M. Ubiquitin signalling: controlling the message of surface immune receptors. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:47-53. [PMID: 33792068 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microbial attack is first detected by immune receptors located at the plasma membrane. Their activation triggers a plethora of signalling cascades that culminate in the immune response. Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like protein modifiers play key roles in controlling signalling amplitude and intensity, as well as in buffering proteome imbalances caused by pathogen attack. Here I highlight some of the important advances in the field, which are starting to reveal an intertwined and complex signalling circuitry, which regulates cellular dynamics and protein degradation to maintain homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Trujillo
- Faculty of Biology, Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Pizarro L, Munoz D, Marash I, Gupta R, Anand G, Leibman-Markus M, Bar M. Cytokinin Modulates Cellular Trafficking and the Cytoskeleton, Enhancing Defense Responses. Cells 2021; 10:1634. [PMID: 34209875 PMCID: PMC8307962 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone cytokinin (CK) plays central roles in plant development and throughout plant life. The perception of CKs initiating their signaling cascade is mediated by histidine kinase receptors (AHKs). Traditionally thought to be perceived mostly at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) due to receptor localization, CK was recently reported to be perceived at the plasma membrane (PM), with CK and its AHK receptors being trafficked between the PM and the ER. Some of the downstream mechanisms CK employs to regulate developmental processes are unknown. A seminal report in this field demonstrated that CK regulates auxin-mediated lateral root organogenesis by regulating the endocytic recycling of the auxin carrier PIN1, but since then, few works have addressed this issue. Modulation of the cellular cytoskeleton and trafficking could potentially be a mechanism executing responses downstream of CK signaling. We recently reported that CK affects the trafficking of the pattern recognition receptor LeEIX2, influencing the resultant defense output. We have also recently found that CK affects cellular trafficking and the actin cytoskeleton in fungi. In this work, we take an in-depth look at the effects of CK on cellular trafficking and on the actin cytoskeleton in plant cells. We find that CK influences the actin cytoskeleton and endomembrane compartments, both in the context of defense signaling-where CK acts to amplify the signal-as well as in steady state. We show that CK affects the distribution of FLS2, increasing its presence in the plasma membrane. Furthermore, CK enhances the cellular response to flg22, and flg22 sensing activates the CK response. Our results are in agreement with what we previously reported for fungi, suggesting a fundamental role for CK in regulating cellular integrity and trafficking as a mechanism for controlling and executing CK-mediated processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Pizarro
- Institute of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua 2820000, Chile;
| | - Daniela Munoz
- Institute of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua 2820000, Chile;
| | - Iftah Marash
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, ARO, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (I.M.); (R.G.); (G.A.); (M.L.-M.)
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Rupali Gupta
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, ARO, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (I.M.); (R.G.); (G.A.); (M.L.-M.)
| | - Gautam Anand
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, ARO, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (I.M.); (R.G.); (G.A.); (M.L.-M.)
| | - Meirav Leibman-Markus
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, ARO, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (I.M.); (R.G.); (G.A.); (M.L.-M.)
| | - Maya Bar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, ARO, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (I.M.); (R.G.); (G.A.); (M.L.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen J, Zhang J, Kong M, Freeman A, Chen H, Liu F. More stories to tell: NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1, a salicylic acid receptor. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1716-1727. [PMID: 33495996 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) plays pivotal role in plant defense against biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens. Tremendous progress has been made in the field of SA biosynthesis and SA signaling pathways over the past three decades. Among the key immune players in SA signaling pathway, NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1 (NPR1) functions as a master regulator of SA-mediated plant defense. The function of NPR1 as an SA receptor has been controversial; however, after years of arguments among several laboratories, NPR1 has finally been proven as one of the SA receptors. The function of NPR1 is strictly regulated via post-translational modifications and transcriptional regulation that were recently found. More recent advances in NPR1 biology, including novel functions of NPR1 and the structure of SA receptor proteins, have brought this field forward immensely. Therefore, based on these recent discoveries, this review acts to provide a full picture of how NPR1 functions in plant immunity and how NPR1 gene and NPR1 protein are regulated at multiple levels. Finally, we also discuss potential challenges in future studies of SA signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mengmeng Kong
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Lab of Biocontrol & Bacterial Molecular Biology, Nanjing, China
| | - Andrew Freeman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Huan Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yang Q, Guo J, Zeng H, Xu L, Xue J, Xiao S, Li JF. The receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase CDG1 negatively regulates Arabidopsis pattern-triggered immunity and is involved in AvrRpm1-induced RIN4 phosphorylation. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:1341-1360. [PMID: 33619522 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis CDG1 negatively regulates flg22- and chitin-triggered immunity by promoting FLS2 and CERK1 degradation and is partially required for bacterial effector AvrRpm1-induced RIN4 phosphorylation. Negative regulators play indispensable roles in pattern-triggered immunity in plants by preventing sustained immunity impeding growth. Here, we report Arabidopsis thaliana CONSTITUTIVE DIFFERENTIAL GROWTH1 (CDG1), a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase VII member, as a negative regulator of bacterial flagellin/flg22- and fungal chitin-triggered immunity. CDG1 can interact with the flg22 receptor FLAGELLIN SENSITIVE2 (FLS2) and chitin co-receptor CHITIN ELICITOR RECEPTOR KINASE1 (CERK1). CDG1 overexpression impairs flg22 and chitin responses by promoting the degradation of FLS2 and CERK1. This process requires the kinase activity of MEK KINASE1 (MEKK1), but not the Plant U-Box (PUB) ubiquitin E3 ligases PUB12 and PUB13. Interestingly, the Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrRpm1 can induce CDG1 to interact with its host target RPM1-INTERACTING PROTEIN4 (RIN4), which depends on the ADP-ribosyl transferase activity of AvrRpm1. CDG1 is capable of phosphorylating RIN4 in vitro at multiple sites including Thr166 and the AvrRpm1-induced Thr166 phosphorylation of RIN4 is diminished in cdg1 null plants. Accordingly, CDG1 knockout attenuates AvrRpm1-induced hypersensitive response and increases the growth of AvrRpm1-secreting bacteria in plants. Unexpectedly, AvrRpm1 can also induce FLS2 depletion, which is fully dependent on RIN4 and partially dependent on CDG1, but does not require the kinase activity of MEKK1. Collectively, this study reveals previously unknown functions of CDG1 in both pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered susceptibility in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiujiao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jianhang Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hairuo Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lahong Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiao Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shi Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Brillada C, Teh OK, Ditengou FA, Lee CW, Klecker T, Saeed B, Furlan G, Zietz M, Hause G, Eschen-Lippold L, Hoehenwarter W, Lee J, Ott T, Trujillo M. Exocyst subunit Exo70B2 is linked to immune signaling and autophagy. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:404-419. [PMID: 33630076 PMCID: PMC8136888 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
During the immune response, activation of the secretory pathway is key to mounting an effective response, while gauging its output is important to maintain cellular homeostasis. The Exo70 subunit of the exocyst functions as a spatiotemporal regulator by mediating numerous interactions with proteins and lipids. However, a molecular understanding of the exocyst regulation remains challenging. We show that, in Arabidopsis thaliana, Exo70B2 behaves as a bona fide exocyst subunit. Conversely, treatment with the salicylic acid (SA) defence hormone analog benzothiadiazole (BTH), or the immunogenic peptide flg22, induced Exo70B2 transport into the vacuole. We reveal that Exo70B2 interacts with AUTOPHAGY-RELATED PROTEIN 8 (ATG8) via two ATG8-interacting motives (AIMs) and its transport into the vacuole is dependent on autophagy. In line with its role in immunity, we discovered that Exo70B2 interacted with and was phosphorylated by the kinase MPK3. Mimicking phosphorylation had a dual impact on Exo70B2: first, by inhibiting localization at sites of active secretion, and second, it increased the interaction with ATG8. Phosphonull variants displayed higher effector-triggered immunity (ETI) and were hypersensitive to BTH, which induce secretion and autophagy. Our results suggest a molecular mechanism by which phosphorylation diverts Exo70B2 from the secretory into the autophagy pathway for its degradation, to dampen secretory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Brillada
- Faculty of Biology, Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ooi-Kock Teh
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Biological Science, School of Science, Hokkaido University, 060-0810 Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education, Hokkaido University, 060-0815 Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Chil-Woo Lee
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Till Klecker
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Bushra Saeed
- Faculty of Biology, Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Giulia Furlan
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marco Zietz
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gerd Hause
- Biozentrum, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120 (Saale), Germany
| | | | | | - Justin Lee
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Ott
- Faculty of Biology, Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS—Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Trujillo
- Faculty of Biology, Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Author for communication:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yuan M, Jiang Z, Bi G, Nomura K, Liu M, Wang Y, Cai B, Zhou JM, He SY, Xin XF. Pattern-recognition receptors are required for NLR-mediated plant immunity. Nature 2021; 592:105-109. [PMID: 33692546 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.10.031294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The plant immune system is fundamental for plant survival in natural ecosystems and for productivity in crop fields. Substantial evidence supports the prevailing notion that plants possess a two-tiered innate immune system, called pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). PTI is triggered by microbial patterns via cell surface-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), whereas ETI is activated by pathogen effector proteins via predominantly intracellularly localized receptors called nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs)1-4. PTI and ETI are initiated by distinct activation mechanisms and involve different early signalling cascades5,6. Here we show that Arabidopsis PRR and PRR co-receptor mutants-fls2 efr cerk1 and bak1 bkk1 cerk1 triple mutants-are markedly impaired in ETI responses when challenged with incompatible Pseudomonas syrinage bacteria. We further show that the production of reactive oxygen species by the NADPH oxidase RBOHD is a critical early signalling event connecting PRR- and NLR-mediated immunity, and that the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase BIK1 is necessary for full activation of RBOHD, gene expression and bacterial resistance during ETI. Moreover, NLR signalling rapidly augments the transcript and/or protein levels of key PTI components. Our study supports a revised model in which potentiation of PTI is an indispensable component of ETI during bacterial infection. This revised model conceptually unites two major immune signalling cascades in plants and mechanistically explains some of the long-observed similarities in downstream defence outputs between PTI and ETI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minhang Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyu Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhi Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kinya Nomura
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Menghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Boying Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Yang He
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiu-Fang Xin
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS-JIC Center of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences (CEPAMS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Oelmüller R. Threat at One End of the Plant: What Travels to Inform the Other Parts? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3152. [PMID: 33808792 PMCID: PMC8003533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation and response to environmental changes require dynamic and fast information distribution within the plant body. If one part of a plant is exposed to stress, attacked by other organisms or exposed to any other kind of threat, the information travels to neighboring organs and even neighboring plants and activates appropriate responses. The information flow is mediated by fast-traveling small metabolites, hormones, proteins/peptides, RNAs or volatiles. Electric and hydraulic waves also participate in signal propagation. The signaling molecules move from one cell to the neighboring cell, via the plasmodesmata, through the apoplast, within the vascular tissue or-as volatiles-through the air. A threat-specific response in a systemic tissue probably requires a combination of different traveling compounds. The propagating signals must travel over long distances and multiple barriers, and the signal intensity declines with increasing distance. This requires permanent amplification processes, feedback loops and cross-talks among the different traveling molecules and probably a short-term memory, to refresh the propagation process. Recent studies show that volatiles activate defense responses in systemic tissues but also play important roles in the maintenance of the propagation of traveling signals within the plant. The distal organs can respond immediately to the systemic signals or memorize the threat information and respond faster and stronger when they are exposed again to the same or even another threat. Transmission and storage of information is accompanied by loss of specificity about the threat that activated the process. I summarize our knowledge about the proposed long-distance traveling compounds and discuss their possible connections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cecchini NM, Speed DJ, Roychoudhry S, Greenberg JT. Kinases and protein motifs required for AZI1 plastid localization and trafficking during plant defense induction. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:1615-1629. [PMID: 33342031 PMCID: PMC8048937 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The proper subcellular localization of defense factors is an important part of the plant immune system. A key component for systemic resistance, lipid transfer protein (LTP)-like AZI1, is needed for the systemic movement of the priming signal azelaic acid (AZA) and a pool of AZI1 exists at the site of AZA production, the plastid envelope. Moreover, after systemic defense-triggering infections, the proportion of AZI1 localized to plastids increases. However, AZI1 does not possess a classical plastid transit peptide that can explain its localization. Instead, AZI1 uses a bipartite N-terminal signature that allows for its plastid targeting. Furthermore, the kinases MPK3 and MPK6, associated with systemic immunity, promote the accumulation of AZI1 at plastids during priming induction. Our results indicate the existence of a mode of plastid targeting possibly related to defense responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás M. Cecchini
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell BiologyThe University of Chicago929 East 57th Street GCIS 524WChicagoIL60637USA
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC‐CONICET) and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel CaputtoFacultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Nacional de CórdobaHaya de la Torre y Medina Allende – Ciudad UniversitariaCórdobaX5000HUAArgentina
| | - DeQuantarius J. Speed
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell BiologyThe University of Chicago929 East 57th Street GCIS 524WChicagoIL60637USA
| | - Suruchi Roychoudhry
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell BiologyThe University of Chicago929 East 57th Street GCIS 524WChicagoIL60637USA
- Centre for Plant SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Jean T. Greenberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell BiologyThe University of Chicago929 East 57th Street GCIS 524WChicagoIL60637USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Overexpression of ZmWRKY65 transcription factor from maize confers stress resistances in transgenic Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4024. [PMID: 33597656 PMCID: PMC7889854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-specific WRKY transcription factors play important roles in regulating the expression of defense-responsive genes against pathogen attack. A multiple stress-responsive WRKY gene, ZmWRKY65, was identified in maize by screening salicylic acid (SA)-induced de novo transcriptomic sequences. The ZmWRKY65 protein was localized in the nucleus of mesophyll protoplasts. The analysis of the ZmWRKY65 promoter sequence indicated that it contains several stress-related transcriptional regulatory elements. Many environmental factors affecting the transcription of ZmWRKY65 gene, such as drought, salinity, high temperature and low temperature stress. Moreover, the transcription of ZmWRKY65 gene was also affected by the induction of defense related plant hormones such as SA and exogenous ABA. The results of seed germination and stomatal aperture assays indicated that transgenic Arabidopsis plants exhibit enhanced sensitivity to ABA and high concentrations of SA. Overexpression of ZmWRKY65 improved tolerance to both pathogen attack and abiotic stress in transgenic Arabidopsis plants and activated several stress-related genes such as RD29A, ERD10, and STZ as well as pathogenesis-related (PR) genes such as PR1, PR2 and PR5; these genes are involved in resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses in Arabidopsis. Together, this evidence implies that the ZmWRKY65 gene is involved in multiple stress signal transduction pathways.
Collapse
|
42
|
Kolodziej MC, Singla J, Sánchez-Martín J, Zbinden H, Šimková H, Karafiátová M, Doležel J, Gronnier J, Poretti M, Glauser G, Zhu W, Köster P, Zipfel C, Wicker T, Krattinger SG, Keller B. A membrane-bound ankyrin repeat protein confers race-specific leaf rust disease resistance in wheat. Nat Commun 2021; 12:956. [PMID: 33574268 PMCID: PMC7878491 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20777-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane-associated and intracellular proteins and protein complexes play a pivotal role in pathogen recognition and disease resistance signaling in plants and animals. The two predominant protein families perceiving plant pathogens are receptor-like kinases and nucleotide binding-leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLR), which often confer race-specific resistance. Leaf rust is one of the most prevalent and most devastating wheat diseases. Here, we clone the race-specific leaf rust resistance gene Lr14a from hexaploid wheat. The cloning of Lr14a is aided by the recently published genome assembly of ArinaLrFor, an Lr14a-containing wheat line. Lr14a encodes a membrane-localized protein containing twelve ankyrin (ANK) repeats and structural similarities to Ca2+-permeable non-selective cation channels. Transcriptome analyses reveal an induction of genes associated with calcium ion binding in the presence of Lr14a. Haplotype analyses indicate that Lr14a-containing chromosome segments were introgressed multiple times into the bread wheat gene pool, but we find no variation in the Lr14a coding sequence itself. Our work demonstrates the involvement of an ANK-transmembrane (TM)-like type of gene family in race-specific disease resistance in wheat. This forms the basis to explore ANK-TM-like genes in disease resistance breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus C Kolodziej
- University of Zurich, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jyoti Singla
- University of Zurich, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Javier Sánchez-Martín
- University of Zurich, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helen Zbinden
- University of Zurich, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hana Šimková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Karafiátová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Julien Gronnier
- University of Zurich, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Poretti
- University of Zurich, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Wangsheng Zhu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Philipp Köster
- University of Zurich, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- University of Zurich, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wicker
- University of Zurich, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Simon G Krattinger
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Beat Keller
- University of Zurich, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Aragón W, Formey D, Aviles-Baltazar NY, Torres M, Serrano M. Arabidopsis thaliana Cuticle Composition Contributes to Differential Defense Response to Botrytis cinerea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:738949. [PMID: 34804086 PMCID: PMC8603936 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.738949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of a plant cuticle can change in response to various abiotic or biotic stresses and plays essential functions in disease resistance responses. Arabidopsis thaliana mutants altered in cutin content are resistant to Botrytis cinerea, presumably because of increased cuticular water and solute permeability, allowing for faster induction of defense responses. Within this context, our knowledge of wax mutants is limited against this pathogen. We tested the contribution of cuticular components to immunity to B. cinerea using mutants altered in either cutin or wax alone, or in both cutin and wax contents. We found that even all the tested mutants showed increased permeability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in comparison with wild-type plants and that only cutin mutants showed resistance. To elucidate the early molecular mechanisms underlying cuticle-related immunity, we performed a transcriptomic analysis. A set of upregulated genes involved in cell wall integrity and accumulation of ROS were shared by the cutin mutants bdg, lacs2-3, and eca2, but not by the wax mutants cer1-4 and cer3-6. Interestingly, these genes have recently been shown to be required in B. cinerea resistance. In contrast, we found the induction of genes involved in abiotic stress shared by the two wax mutants. Our study reveals new insight that the faster recognition of a pathogen by changes in cuticular permeability is not enough to induce resistance to B. cinerea, as has previously been hypothesized. In addition, our data suggest that mutants with resistant phenotype can activate other defense pathways, different from those canonical immune ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Aragón
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Wendy Aragón, ; Mario Serrano,
| | - Damien Formey
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Martha Torres
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Mario Serrano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Wendy Aragón, ; Mario Serrano,
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ando S, Jaskiewicz M, Mochizuki S, Koseki S, Miyashita S, Takahashi H, Conrath U. Priming for enhanced ARGONAUTE2 activation accompanies induced resistance to cucumber mosaic virus in Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:19-30. [PMID: 33073913 PMCID: PMC7749747 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a broad-spectrum disease resistance response that can be induced upon infection from pathogens or by chemical treatment, such as with benzo-(1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH). SAR involves priming for more robust activation of defence genes upon pathogen attack. Whether priming for SAR would involve components of RNA silencing remained unknown. Here, we show that upon leaf infiltration of water, BTH-primed Arabidopsis thaliana plants accumulate higher amounts of mRNA of ARGONAUTE (AGO)2 and AGO3, key components of RNA silencing. The enhanced AGO2 expression is associated with prior-to-activation trimethylation of lysine 4 in histone H3 and acetylation of histone H3 in the AGO2 promoter and with induced resistance to the yellow strain of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV[Y]). The results suggest that priming A. thaliana for enhanced defence involves modification of histones in the AGO2 promoter that condition AGO2 for enhanced activation, associated with resistance to CMV(Y). Consistently, the fold-reduction in CMV(Y) coat protein accumulation by BTH pretreatment was lower in ago2 than in wild type, pointing to reduced capacity of ago2 to activate BTH-induced CMV(Y) resistance. A role of AGO2 in pathogen-induced SAR is suggested by the enhanced activation of AGO2 after infiltrating systemic leaves of plants expressing a localized hypersensitive response upon CMV(Y) infection. In addition, local inoculation of SAR-inducing Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola causes systemic priming for enhanced AGO2 expression. Together our results indicate that defence priming targets the AGO2 component of RNA silencing whose enhanced expression is likely to contribute to SAR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sugihiro Ando
- Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
- Department of Plant PhysiologyAachen Biology and BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Michal Jaskiewicz
- Department of Plant PhysiologyAachen Biology and BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Sei Mochizuki
- Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Saeko Koseki
- Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Shuhei Miyashita
- Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Hideki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Uwe Conrath
- Department of Plant PhysiologyAachen Biology and BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lu Y, Tsuda K. Intimate Association of PRR- and NLR-Mediated Signaling in Plant Immunity. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:3-14. [PMID: 33048599 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-08-20-0239-ia] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of the Top 10 Unanswered Questions in MPMI invited review series.Plants recognize the presence or invasion of microbes through cell surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs). Although PRRs and NLRs are activated by ligands located in different subcellular compartments through distinct mechanisms, signals initiated from PRRs and NLRs converge into several common signaling pathways with different dynamics. Increasing evidence suggests that PRR- and NLR-mediated signaling extensively crosstalk and such interaction can greatly influence immune response outcomes. Sophisticated experimental setups enabled dissection of the signaling events downstream of PRRs and NLRs with fine temporal and spatial resolution; however, the molecular links underlying the observed interactions in PRR and NLR signaling remain to be elucidated. In this review, we summarize the latest knowledge about activation and signaling mediated by PRRs and NLRs, deconvolute the intimate association between PRR- and NLR-mediated signaling, and propose hypotheses to guide further research on key topics.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Lu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - Kenichi Tsuda
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Interdisciplinary Sciences Research Institute, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pazarlar S, Cetinkaya N, Bor M, Kara RS. N-acyl homoserine lactone-mediated modulation of plant growth and defense against Pseudoperonospora cubensis in cucumber. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6638-6654. [PMID: 32822478 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), a well-described group of quorum sensing molecules, may modulate plant defense responses and plant growth. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the defense responses of non-model crops to AHLs and the mechanism of action responsible for the modulation of defense responses against microbial pathogens. In the present study, long-chain N-3-oxo-tetradecanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (oxo-C14-HSL) was shown to have a distinct potential to prime cucumber for enhanced defense responses against the biotrophic oomycete pathogen Pseudoperonospora cubensis and the hemibiotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans. We provide evidence that AHL-mediated enhanced defense against downy mildew disease is based on cell wall reinforcement by lignin and callose deposition, the activation of defense-related enzymes (peroxidase, β-1,3-glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase), and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide, superoxide) and phenolic compounds. Quantitative analysis of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid, and transcriptional analysis of several of genes associated with these phytohormones, revealed that defense priming with oxo-C14-HSL is commonly regulated by the salicylic acid signaling pathway. We also show that treatment with short- (N-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone) and medium-chain (N-3-oxo-decanoyl-l-homoserine lactone) AHLs promoted primary root elongation and modified root architecture, respectively, resulting in enhanced plant growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Pazarlar
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nedim Cetinkaya
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Melike Bor
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Recep Serdar Kara
- Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fujisaki K, Abe Y, Tateda C, Iwai M, Kaido M, Mise K. Host specific preference for low temperature in the multiplication of a tombusvirus, gentian virus A. Virus Res 2020; 286:198048. [PMID: 32522536 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gentian virus A (GeVA), a novel tombusvirus isolated from Japanese gentian, has shown only a limited ability to infect Japanese gentians under experimental conditions. In this study, temperature was found to affect the efficient multiplication of GeVA in Japanese gentians. GeVA efficiently multiplied in inoculated leaves of gentians at 18 °C but not at 23 °C. This low-temperature (18 °C)-preferred GeVA multiplication was specifically observed in Japanese gentians and Arabidopsis thaliana but not in other experimental plants, including Nicotiana benthamiana. In A. thaliana, visible defense responses, including pathogenesis-related protein 1 expression, were not detected at 23 °C. Furthermore, several A. thaliana mutants, including those defective in RNA silencing, with altered plant immunities did not allow GeVA to multiply to detectable levels at 23 °C. Taken together, these data suggest that unique interaction between GeVA and gentians/A. thaliana, which is independent of RNA silencing, may underlie the low-temperature-preferred multiplication of GeVA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Fujisaki
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate, Japan.
| | - Yoshiko Abe
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate, Japan
| | - Chika Tateda
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate, Japan
| | - Mari Iwai
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate, Japan
| | - Masanori Kaido
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Mise
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Scala V, Pietricola C, Farina V, Beccaccioli M, Zjalic S, Quaranta F, Fornara M, Zaccaria M, Momeni B, Reverberi M, Iori A. Tramesan Elicits Durum Wheat Defense against the Septoria Disease Complex. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040608. [PMID: 32295231 PMCID: PMC7225966 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Septoria Leaf Blotch Complex (SLBC), caused by the two ascomycetes Zymoseptoria tritici and Parastagonospora nodorum, can reduce wheat global yearly yield by up to 50%. In the last decade, SLBC incidence has increased in Italy; notably, durum wheat has proven to be more susceptible than common wheat. Field fungicide treatment can efficiently control these pathogens, but it leads to the emergence of resistant strains and adversely affects human and animal health and the environment. Our previous studies indicated that active compounds produced by Trametes versicolor can restrict the growth of mycotoxigenic fungi and the biosynthesis of their secondary metabolites (e.g., mycotoxins). Specifically, we identified Tramesan: a 23 kDa α-heteropolysaccharide secreted by T. versicolor that acts as a pro-antioxidant molecule in animal cells, fungi, and plants. Foliar-spray of Tramesan (3.3 μM) on SLBC-susceptible durum wheat cultivars, before inoculation of causal agents of Stagonospora Nodorum Blotch (SNB) and Septoria Tritici Blotch (STB), significantly decreased disease incidence both in controlled conditions (SNB: -99%, STB: -75%) and field assays (SNB: -25%, STB: -30%). We conducted these tests were conducted under controlled conditions as well as in field. We showed that Tramesan increased the levels of jasmonic acid (JA), a plant defense-related hormone. Tramesan also increased the early expression (24 hours after inoculation - hai) of plant defense genes such as PR4 for SNB infected plants, and RBOH, PR1, and PR9 for STB infected plants. These results suggest that Tramesan protects wheat by eliciting plant defenses, since it has no direct fungicidal activity. In field experiments, the yield of durum wheat plants treated with Tramesan was similar to that of healthy untreated plots. These results encourage the use of Tramesan to protect durum wheat against SLBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Scala
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Difesa e Certificazione, Via C.G. Bertero, 22, 00156 Roma, Italy;
| | - Chiara Pietricola
- Università Sapienza, Dip. Biologia Ambientale, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.P.); (V.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Valentina Farina
- Università Sapienza, Dip. Biologia Ambientale, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.P.); (V.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Marzia Beccaccioli
- Università Sapienza, Dip. Biologia Ambientale, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.P.); (V.F.); (M.B.)
| | - Slaven Zjalic
- Department of Ecology, Agronomy and Aquaculture, University of Zadar, Ulica Mihovila Pavlinovića bb, 23000 ZADAR, Croatia;
| | - Fabrizio Quaranta
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni agroalimentari, Via Manziana 30, 00189 Roma, Italy; (F.Q.); (M.F.); (A.I.)
| | - Mauro Fornara
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni agroalimentari, Via Manziana 30, 00189 Roma, Italy; (F.Q.); (M.F.); (A.I.)
| | - Marco Zaccaria
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA; (M.Z.); (B.M.)
| | - Babak Momeni
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA; (M.Z.); (B.M.)
| | - Massimo Reverberi
- Università Sapienza, Dip. Biologia Ambientale, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (C.P.); (V.F.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Angela Iori
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni agroalimentari, Via Manziana 30, 00189 Roma, Italy; (F.Q.); (M.F.); (A.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chen Q, Dong C, Sun X, Zhang Y, Dai H, Bai S. Overexpression of an apple LysM-containing protein gene, MdCERK1-2, confers improved resistance to the pathogenic fungus, Alternaria alternata, in Nicotiana benthamiana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:146. [PMID: 32268888 PMCID: PMC7386173 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02361-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysin motif (LysM)-containing proteins are involved in the recognition of fungal and bacterial pathogens. However, few studies have reported on their roles in the defense responses of woody plants against pathogens. A previous study reported that the apple MdCERK1 gene was induced by chitin and Rhizoctonia solani, and its protein can bind to chitin. However, its effect on defense responses has not been investigated. RESULTS In this study, a new apple CERK gene, designated as MdCERK1-2, was identified. It encodes a protein that shares high sequence identity with the previously reported MdCERK1 and AtCERK1. Its chitin binding ability and subcellular location are similar to MdCERK1 and AtCERK1, suggesting that MdCERK1-2 may play a role in apple immune defense responses as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR). MdCERK1-2 expression in apple was induced by 2 fungal pathogens, Botryosphaeria dothidea and Glomerella cingulate, but not by the bacterial pathogen, Erwinia amylovora, indicating that MdCERK1-2 is involved in apple anti-fungal defense responses. Further functional analysis by heterologous overexpression (OE) in Nicotiana benthamiana (Nb) demonstrated that MdCERK1-2 OE improved Nb resistance to the pathogenic fungus, Alternaria alternata. H2O2 accumulation and callose deposition increased after A. alternata infection in MdCERK1-2 OE plants compared to wild type (WT) and empty vector (EV)-transformed plants. The induced expression of NbPAL4 by A. alternata significantly (p < 0.01, n = 4) increased in MdCERK1-2 OE plants. Other tested genes, including NbNPR1, NbPR1a, NbERF1, and NbLOX1, did not exhibit significant changes after A. alternata infection in OE plants compared to EV or WT plants. OE plants also accumulated more polyphenols after A. alternata infection. CONCLUSIONS Heterologous MdCERK1-2 OE affects multiple defense responses in Nb plants and increased their resistance to fungal pathogens. This result also suggests that MdCERK1-2 is involved in apple defense responses against pathogenic fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chaohua Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yugang Zhang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Hongyi Dai
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Suhua Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, 266109, China.
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cooper B, Beard HS, Garrett WM, Campbell KB. Benzothiadiazole Conditions the Bean Proteome for Immunity to Bean Rust. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:600-611. [PMID: 31999214 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-19-0250-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The common bean rust fungus reduces harvests of the dry, edible common bean. Natural resistance genes in the plant can provide protection until a fungal strain that breaks resistance emerges. In this study, we demonstrate that benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH) sprayed on susceptible beans induces resistance to common bean rust. Protection occurred as soon as 72 h after treatment and resulted in no signs of disease 10 days after inoculation with rust spores. By contrast, the susceptible control plants sustained heavy infections and died. To understand the effect BTH has on the bean proteome, we measured the changes of accumulation for 3,973 proteins using mass spectrometry. The set of 409 proteins with significantly increased accumulation in BTH-treated leaves included receptor-like kinases SOBIR1, CERK1, and LYK5, which perceive pathogens, and EDS1, a regulator of the salicylic acid defense pathway. Other proteins that likely contributed to resistance included pathogenesis-related proteins, a full complement of enzymes that catalyze phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and protein receptors, transporters, and enzymes that modulate other defense responses controlled by jasmonic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroid, abscisic acid, and auxin. Increases in the accumulation of proteins required for vesicle-mediated protein secretion and RNA splicing occurred as well. By contrast, more than half of the 168 decreases belonged to chloroplast proteins and proteins involved in cell expansion. These results reveal a set of proteins needed for rust resistance and reaffirm the utility of BTH to control disease by amplifying the natural immune system of the bean plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bret Cooper
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, U.S.A
| | - Hunter S Beard
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, U.S.A
| | - Wesley M Garrett
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, U.S.A
| | - Kimberly B Campbell
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|