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Guo H, Wang J, Yao D, Yu L, Jiang W, Xie L, Lv S, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang C, Ji W, Zhang H. Identification of nuclear membrane SUN proteins and components associated with wheat fungal stress responses. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:29. [PMID: 38861095 PMCID: PMC11166608 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-024-00163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the nuclear membrane that encapsulates genomic DNA is composed of an inner nuclear membrane (INM), an outer nuclear membrane (ONM), and a perinuclear space. SUN proteins located in the INM and KASH proteins in the ONM form the SUN-KASH NM-bridge, which functions as the junction of the nucleocytoplasmic complex junction. Proteins containing the SUN domain showed the highest correlation with differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) in the wheat response to fungal stress. To understand the characteristics of SUN and its associated proteins in wheat responding to pathogen stress, here we investigated and comprehensive analyzed SUN- and KASH-related proteins among the DAPs under fungi infection based on their conserved motifs. In total, four SUN proteins, one WPP domain-interacting protein (WIP), four WPP domain-interacting tail-anchored proteins (WIT), two WPP proteins and one Ran GTPase activating protein (RanGAP) were identified. Following transient expression of Nicotiana benthamiana, TaSUN2, TaRanGAP2, TaWIT1 and TaWIP1 were identified as nuclear membrane proteins, while TaWPP1 and TaWPP2 were expressed in both the nucleus and cell membrane. RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated that the transcription of TaSUN2, TaRanGAP2 and TaWPP1 were strongly upregulated in response to fungal infection. Furthermore, using the bimolecular fluorescence complementation, the luciferase complementation and a nuclear and split-ubiquitin-based membrane yeast two-hybrid systems, we substantiated the interaction between TaSUN2 and TaWIP1, as well as TaWIP1/WIT1 and TaWPP1/WPP2. Silencing of TaSUN2, TaRanGAP2 and TaWPP1 in wheat leaves promoted powdery mildew infection and hyphal growth, and reduced the expression of TaBRI1, TaBAK1 and Ta14-3-3, indicating that these NM proteins play a positive role in resistance to fungal stress. Our study reveals the characteristics of NM proteins and propose the preliminary construction of SUN-WIP-WPP-RanGAP complex in wheat, which represents a foundation for detail elucidating their functions in wheat in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Di Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ligang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lincai Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shikai Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yajuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Changyou Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wanquan Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Wheat Breeding, Ministry of Education, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Huang CH, Peng FL, Lee YRJ, Liu B. The microtubular preprophase band recruits Myosin XI to the cortical division site to guide phragmoplast expansion during plant cytokinesis. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00333-2. [PMID: 38848716 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
In plant vegetative tissues, cell division employs a mitotic microtubule array called the preprophase band (PPB) that marks the cortical division site. This transient cytoskeletal array imprints the spatial information to be read by the cytokinetic phragmoplast at later stages of mitotic cell division. In Arabidopsis thaliana, we discovered that the PPB recruited the Myosin XI motor MYA1/Myo11F to the cortical division site, where it joined microtubule-associated proteins and motors to form a ring of prominent cytoskeletal assemblies that received the expanding phragmoplast. Such a myosin localization pattern at the cortical division site was dependent on the POK1/2 Kinesin-12 motors. This regulatory function of MYA1/Myo11F in phragmoplast guidance was dependent on intact actin filaments. The discovery of these cytoskeletal motor assemblies pinpoints a mechanism underlying how two dynamic cytoskeletal networks work in concert to govern PPB-dependent division plane orientation in flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Haoyuan Huang
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Felicia Lei Peng
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yuh-Ru Julie Lee
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Allsman LA, Bellinger MA, Huang V, Duong M, Contreras A, Romero AN, Verboonen B, Sidhu S, Zhang X, Steinkraus H, Uyehara AN, Martinez SE, Sinclair RM, Soriano GS, Diep B, Byrd V. D, Noriega A, Drakakaki G, Sylvester AW, Rasmussen CG. Subcellular positioning during cell division and cell plate formation in maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1204889. [PMID: 37484472 PMCID: PMC10360171 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1204889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction During proliferative plant cell division, the new cell wall, called the cell plate, is first built in the middle of the cell and then expands outward to complete cytokinesis. This dynamic process requires coordinated movement and arrangement of the cytoskeleton and organelles. Methods Here we use live-cell markers to track the dynamic reorganization of microtubules, nuclei, endoplasmic reticulum, and endomembrane compartments during division and the formation of the cell plate in maize leaf epidermal cells. Results The microtubule plus-end localized protein END BINDING1 (EB1) highlighted increasing microtubule dynamicity during mitosis to support rapid changes in microtubule structures. The localization of the cell-plate specific syntaxin KNOLLE, several RAB-GTPases, as well as two plasma membrane localized proteins was assessed after treatment with the cytokinesis-specific callose-deposition inhibitor Endosidin7 (ES7) and the microtubule-disrupting herbicide chlorpropham (CIPC). While ES7 caused cell plate defects in Arabidopsis thaliana, it did not alter callose accumulation, or disrupt cell plate formation in maize. In contrast, CIPC treatment of maize epidermal cells occasionally produced irregular cell plates that split or fragmented, but did not otherwise disrupt the accumulation of cell-plate localized proteins. Discussion Together, these markers provide a robust suite of tools to examine subcellular trafficking and organellar organization during mitosis and cell plate formation in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindy A. Allsman
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Marschal A. Bellinger
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Vivian Huang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Matthew Duong
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Alondra Contreras
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Andrea N. Romero
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin Verboonen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Sukhmani Sidhu
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Xiaoguo Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Holly Steinkraus
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Aimee N. Uyehara
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Stephanie E. Martinez
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Rosalie M. Sinclair
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Gabriela Salazar Soriano
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Beatrice Diep
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Dawson Byrd V.
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Alexander Noriega
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Georgia Drakakaki
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Anne W. Sylvester
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
| | - Carolyn G. Rasmussen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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Ganotra J, Sharma B, Biswal B, Bhardwaj D, Tuteja N. Emerging role of small GTPases and their interactome in plants to combat abiotic and biotic stress. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:1007-1029. [PMID: 36525153 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01830-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants are frequently subjected to abiotic and biotic stress which causes major impediments in their growth and development. It is emerging that small guanosine triphosphatases (small GTPases), also known as monomeric GTP-binding proteins, assist plants in managing environmental stress. Small GTPases function as tightly regulated molecular switches that get activated with the aid of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and deactivated by the subsequent hydrolysis of GTP to guanosine diphosphate (GDP). All small GTPases except Rat sarcoma (Ras) are found in plants, including Ras-like in brain (Rab), Rho of plant (Rop), ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) and Ras-like nuclear (Ran). The members of small GTPases in plants interact with several downstream effectors to counteract the negative effects of environmental stress and disease-causing pathogens. In this review, we describe processes of stress alleviation by developing pathways involving several small GTPases and their associated proteins which are important for neutralizing fungal infections, stomatal regulation, and activation of abiotic stress-tolerant genes in plants. Previous reviews on small GTPases in plants were primarily focused on Rab GTPases, abiotic stress, and membrane trafficking, whereas this review seeks to improve our understanding of the role of all small GTPases in plants as well as their interactome in regulating mechanisms to combat abiotic and biotic stress. This review brings to the attention of scientists recent research on small GTPases so that they can employ genome editing tools to precisely engineer economically important plants through the overexpression/knock-out/knock-in of stress-related small GTPase genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahanvi Ganotra
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu, 181143, India
| | - Bhawana Sharma
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu, 181143, India
| | - Brijesh Biswal
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu, 181143, India
| | - Deepak Bhardwaj
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, Jammu, 181143, India.
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Pham G, Shin DM, Kim Y, Kim SH. Ran-GTP/-GDP-dependent nuclear accumulation of NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1 and TGACG-BINDING FACTOR2 controls salicylic acid-induced leaf senescence. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1774-1793. [PMID: 35417014 PMCID: PMC9237681 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is the final stage of leaf development and can be triggered by various external factors, such as hormones and light deprivation. In this study, we demonstrate that the overexpression of the GTP-bound form of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Ran1 (a Ras-related nuclear small G-protein, AtRan1) efficiently promotes age-dependent and dark-triggered leaf senescence, while Ran-GDP has the opposite effect. Transcriptome analysis comparing AtRan1-GDP- and AtRan1-GTP-overexpressing transgenic plants (Ran1T27Nox and Ran1G22Vox, respectively) revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the senescence-promoting hormones salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and ethylene (ET) were significantly upregulated in dark-triggered senescing leaves of Ran1G22Vox, indicating that these hormones are actively involved in Ran-GTP/-GDP-dependent, dark-triggered leaf senescence. Bioinformatic analysis of the promoter regions of DEGs identified diverse consensus motifs, including the bZIP motif, a common binding site for TGACG-BINDING FACTOR (TGA) transcription factors. Interestingly, TGA2 and its interactor, NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES1 (NPR1), which are two positive transcriptional regulators of SA signaling, differed in their extent of accumulation in the nucleus versus cytoplasm of Ran1T27Nox and Ran1G22Vox plants. Moreover, SA-induced, Ran-GTP-/-GDP-dependent functions of NPR1 included genome-wide global transcriptional reprogramming of genes involved in cell death, aging, and chloroplast organization. Furthermore, the expression of AtRan1-GTP in SA signaling-defective npr1 and SA biosynthesis-deficient SA-induction deficient2 genetic backgrounds abolished the effects of AtRan1-GTP, thus retarding age-promoted leaf senescence. However, ET-induced leaf senescence was not mediated by Ran machinery-dependent nuclear shuttling of ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3 and ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3-LIKE1 proteins. We conclude that Ran-GTP/-GDP-dependent nuclear accumulation of NPR1 and TGA2 represents another regulatory node for SA-induced leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoon Kim
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Yonseidae 1 Gil, Wonju-Si 220-710, South Korea
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6
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Qin Z, Wu YN, Sun TT, Ma T, Xu M, Pang C, Li SW, Li S. Arabidopsis RAN GTPases are critical for mitosis during male and female gametogenesis. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1892-1903. [PMID: 35680649 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of male and female gametophytes is a prerequisite for successful propagation of angiosperms. The small GTPases RAN play fundamental roles in numerous cellular processes. Although RAN GTPases have been characterized in plants, their roles in cellular processes are far from understood. We report here that RAN GTPases in Arabidopsis are critical for gametophytic development. RAN1 loss-of-function showed no defects in gametophytic development likely due to redundancy. However, the expression of a dominant negative or constitutively active RAN1 resulted in gametophytic lethality. Genetic interference of RAN GTPases caused the arrest of pollen mitosis I and of mitosis of functional megaspores, implying a key role of properly regulated RAN activity in mitosis during gametophytic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Qin
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tian'jin, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Tian-Tian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ting Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Meng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Shan-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tian'jin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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Chen S, Lyanguzova M, Kaufhold R, Plevock Haase KM, Lee H, Arnaoutov A, Dasso M. Association of RanGAP to nuclear pore complex component, RanBP2/Nup358, is required for pupal development in Drosophila. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110151. [PMID: 34965423 PMCID: PMC11166264 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ran's GTPase-activating protein (RanGAP) is tethered to the nuclear envelope (NE) in multicellular organisms. We investigated the consequences of RanGAP localization in human tissue culture cells and Drosophila. In tissue culture cells, disruption of RanGAP1 NE localization surprisingly has neither obvious impacts on viability nor nucleocytoplasmic transport of a model substrate. In Drosophila, we identified a region within nucleoporin dmRanBP2 required for direct tethering of dmRanGAP to the NE. A dmRanBP2 mutant lacking this region shows no apparent growth defects during larval stages but arrests at the early pupal stage. A direct fusion of dmRanGAP to the dmRanBP2 mutant rescues this arrest, indicating that dmRanGAP recruitment to dmRanBP2 per se is necessary for the pupal ecdysis sequence. Our results indicate that while the NE localization of RanGAP is widely conserved in multicellular organisms, the targeting mechanisms are not. Further, we find a requirement for this localization during pupal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Chen
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institutes for Child Health and Human Development, 49 Convent Drive, Building 49, Room 5A30, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maria Lyanguzova
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institutes for Child Health and Human Development, 49 Convent Drive, Building 49, Room 5A30, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ross Kaufhold
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institutes for Child Health and Human Development, 49 Convent Drive, Building 49, Room 5A30, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karen M Plevock Haase
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institutes for Child Health and Human Development, 49 Convent Drive, Building 49, Room 5A30, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hangnoh Lee
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institutes for Child Health and Human Development, 49 Convent Drive, Building 49, Room 5A30, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexei Arnaoutov
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institutes for Child Health and Human Development, 49 Convent Drive, Building 49, Room 5A30, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mary Dasso
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institutes for Child Health and Human Development, 49 Convent Drive, Building 49, Room 5A30, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Xu P, Ma W, Liu J, Hu J, Cai W. Overexpression of a small GTP-binding protein Ran1 in Arabidopsis leads to promoted elongation growth and enhanced disease resistance against P. syringae DC3000. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:977-991. [PMID: 34312926 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants resist infection through an innate immune response, which is usually associated with slowing of growth. The molecular mechanisms underlying the trade-off between plant growth and defense remain unclear. The present study reveals that growth/defense trade-offs mediated by gibberellin (GA) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathways are uncoupled during constitutive overexpression of transgenic AtRAN1 and AtRAN1Q72L (active, GTP-locked form) Arabidopsis plants. It is well known that the small GTP-binding protein Ran (a Ras-related nuclear protein) functions in the nucleus-cytoplasmic transport of proteins. Although there is considerable evidence indicating that nuclear-cytoplasmic partitioning of specific proteins can participate in hormone signaling, the role of Ran-dependent nuclear transport in hormone signaling is not yet fully understood. In this report, we used a combination of genetic and molecular methods to reveal whether AtRAN1 is involved in both GA and SA signaling pathways. Constitutively overexpressed AtRAN1 promoted both elongation growth and the disease resistance response, whereas overexpression of AtRAN1Q72L in the atran2atran3 double mutant background clearly inhibited elongation growth and the defense response. Furthermore, we found that AtRAN1 coordinated plant growth and defense by promoting the stability of the DELLA protein RGA in the nucleus and by modulating NPR1 nuclear localization. Interestingly, genetically modified rice (Oryza sativa) overexpressing AtRAN1 exhibited increased plant height and yield per plant. Altogether, the ability to achieve growth/defense trade-offs through AtRAN1 overexpression provides an approach to maximizing crop yield to meet rising global food demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Xu
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Microbiology and Immunity Department, The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, No. 279 Zhouzhu Road, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Weiming Cai
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Goto C, Tamura K, Nishimaki S, Maruyama D, Hara-Nishimura I. The nuclear envelope protein KAKU4 determines the migration order of the vegetative nucleus and sperm cells in pollen tubes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6273-6281. [PMID: 32777040 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A putative component protein of the nuclear lamina, KAKU4, modulates nuclear morphology in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, but its physiological significance is unknown. KAKU4 was highly expressed in mature pollen grains, each of which has a vegetative cell and two sperm cells. KAKU4 protein was highly abundant on the envelopes of vegetative nuclei and less abundant on the envelopes of sperm cell nuclei in pollen grains and elongating pollen tubes. Vegetative nuclei are irregularly shaped in wild-type pollen. However, KAKU4 deficiency caused them to become more spherical. After a pollen grain germinates, the vegetative nuclei and sperm cells enter and move along the pollen tube. In the wild type, the vegetative nucleus preceded the sperm cell nuclei in >90% of the pollen tubes, whereas, in kaku4 mutants, the vegetative nucleus preceded the sperm cell nuclei in only about half of the pollen tubes. kaku4 pollen was less competitive for fertilization than wild-type pollen after pollination. These results led us to hypothesize that the nuclear shape in vegetative cells of pollen grains affects the orderly migration of the vegetative nucleus and sperm cells in pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Goto
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tamura
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satsuki Nishimaki
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Maruyama
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ikuko Hara-Nishimura
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
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10
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Nielsen E. The Small GTPase Superfamily in Plants: A Conserved Regulatory Module with Novel Functions. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 71:247-272. [PMID: 32442390 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-112619-025827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Small GTP-binding proteins represent a highly conserved signaling module in eukaryotes that regulates diverse cellular processes such as signal transduction, cytoskeletal organization and cell polarity, cell proliferation and differentiation, intracellular membrane trafficking and transport vesicle formation, and nucleocytoplasmic transport. These proteins function as molecular switches that cycle between active and inactive states, and this cycle is linked to GTP binding and hydrolysis. In this review, the roles of the plant complement of small GTP-binding proteins in these cellular processes are described, as well as accessory proteins that control their activity, and current understanding of the functions of individual members of these families in plants-with a focus on the model organism Arabidopsis-is presented. Some potential novel roles of these GTPases in plants, relative to their established roles in yeast and/or animal systems, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Nielsen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA;
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Hater F, Nakel T, Groß-Hardt R. Reproductive Multitasking: The Female Gametophyte. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 71:517-546. [PMID: 32442389 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-081519-035943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fertilization of flowering plants requires the organization of complex tasks, many of which become integrated by the female gametophyte (FG). The FG is a few-celled haploid structure that orchestrates division of labor to coordinate successful interaction with the sperm cells and their transport vehicle, the pollen tube. As reproductive outcome is directly coupled to evolutionary success, the underlying mechanisms are under robust molecular control, including integrity check and repair mechanisms. Here, we review progress on understanding the development and function of the FG, starting with the functional megaspore, which represents the haploid founder cell of the FG. We highlight recent achievements that have greatly advanced our understanding of pollen tube attraction strategies and the mechanisms that regulate plant hybridization and gamete fusion. In addition, we discuss novel insights into plant polyploidization strategies that expand current concepts on the evolution of flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Hater
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Thomas Nakel
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Rita Groß-Hardt
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany;
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Boruc J, Deng X, Mylle E, Besbrugge N, Van Durme M, Demidov D, Tomaštíková ED, Tan TRC, Vandorpe M, Eeckhout D, Beeckman T, Nowack MK, De Jaeger G, Lin H, Liu B, Van Damme D. TPX2-LIKE PROTEIN3 Is the Primary Activator of α-Aurora Kinases and Is Essential for Embryogenesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:1389-1405. [PMID: 31097675 PMCID: PMC6752915 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Aurora kinases are key regulators of mitosis. Multicellular eukaryotes generally possess two functionally diverged types of Aurora kinases. In plants, including Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), these are termed α- and β-Auroras. As the functional specification of Aurora kinases is determined by their specific interaction partners, we initiated interactomics analyses using both Arabidopsis α-Aurora kinases (AUR1 and AUR2). Proteomics results revealed that TPX2-LIKE PROTEINS2 and 3 (TPXL2/3) prominently associated with α-Auroras, as did the conserved TPX2 to a lower degree. Like TPX2, TPXL2 and TPXL3 strongly activated the AUR1 kinase but exhibited cell-cycle-dependent localization differences on microtubule arrays. The separate functions of TPX2 and TPXL2/3 were also suggested by their different influences on AUR1 localization upon ectopic expressions. Furthermore, genetic analyses showed that TPXL3, but not TPX2 and TPXL2, acts nonredundantly to enable proper embryo development. In contrast to vertebrates, plants have an expanded TPX2 family and these family members have both redundant and unique functions. Moreover, as neither TPXL2 nor TPXL3 contains the C-terminal Kinesin-5 binding domain present in the canonical TPX2, the targeting and activity of this kinesin must be organized differently in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Boruc
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xingguang Deng
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Evelien Mylle
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nienke Besbrugge
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Durme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dmitri Demidov
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Eva Dvořák Tomaštíková
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tong-Reen Connie Tan
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Michaël Vandorpe
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Eeckhout
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Moritz K. Nowack
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Honghui Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Daniël Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Liu HH, Xiong F, Duan CY, Wu YN, Zhang Y, Li S. Importin β4 Mediates Nuclear Import of GRF-Interacting Factors to Control Ovule Development in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:1080-1092. [PMID: 30659067 PMCID: PMC6393798 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ovule development is critical for seed development and plant reproduction. Multiple transcription factors (TFs) have been reported to mediate ovule development. However, it is not clear which intracellular components regulate these TFs during ovule development. After their synthesis, TFs are transported into the nucleus a process regulated by karyopherins commonly known as importin alpha and β. Around half of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) importin β-coding genes have been functionally characterized but only two with specific cargos have been identified. We report here that Arabidopsis IMPORTIN β4 (IMB4) regulates ovule development through nucleocytoplasmic transport of transcriptional coactivator growth regulating factors-interacting factors (GIFs). Mutations in IMB4 impaired ovule development by affecting integument growth. imb4 mutants were also defective in embryo sac development, leading to partial female sterility. IMB4 directly interacts with GIFs and is critical for the nucleocytoplasmic transport of GIF1. Finally, functional loss of GIFs resulted in ovule defects similar to those in imb4 mutants, whereas enhanced expression of GIF1 partially restored the fertility of imb4 The results presented here uncover a novel genetic pathway regulating ovule development and reveal the upstream regulator of GIFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Cun-Ying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
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Rajkumar MS, Garg R, Jain M. Genome-wide discovery of DNA polymorphisms among chickpea cultivars with contrasting seed size/weight and their functional relevance. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16795. [PMID: 30429540 PMCID: PMC6235875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35140-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed size/weight is a major agronomic trait which determine crop productivity in legumes. To understand the genetic basis of seed size determination, we sought to identify DNA polymorphisms between two small (Himchana 1 and Pusa 362) and two large-seeded (JGK 3 and PG 0515) chickpea cultivars via whole genome resequencing. We identified a total of 75535 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 6486 insertions and deletions (InDels), 1938 multi-nucleotide polymorphisms (MNPs) and 5025 complex variants between the two small and two large-seeded chickpea cultivars. Our analysis revealed 814, 244 and 72 seed-specific genes harboring DNA polymorphisms in promoter or non-synonymous and large-effect DNA polymorphisms, respectively. Gene ontology analysis revealed enrichment of cell growth and division related terms in these genes. Among them, at least 22 genes associated with quantitative trait loci, and those involved in cell growth and division and encoding transcription factors harbored promoter and/or large-effect/non-synonymous DNA polymorphisms. These also showed higher expression at late-embryogenesis and/or mid-maturation stages of seed development in the large-seeded cultivar, suggesting their role in seed size/weight determination in chickpea. Altogether, this study provided a valuable resource for large-scale genotyping applications and a few putative candidate genes that might play crucial role in governing seed size/weight in chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Singh Rajkumar
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rohini Garg
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India
| | - Mukesh Jain
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India. .,National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Abstract
The eukaryotic nucleus is enclosed by the nuclear envelope, which is perforated by the nuclear pores, the gateways of macromolecular exchange between the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. The nucleoplasm is organized in a complex three-dimensional fashion that changes over time and in response to stimuli. Within the cell, the nucleus must be viewed as an organelle (albeit a gigantic one) that is a recipient of cytoplasmic forces and capable of morphological and positional dynamics. The most dramatic reorganization of this organelle occurs during mitosis and meiosis. Although many of these aspects are less well understood for the nuclei of plants than for those of animals or fungi, several recent discoveries have begun to place our understanding of plant nuclei firmly into this broader cell-biological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Meier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210;
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom;
| | | | - David E Evans
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom;
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16
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Velásquez AC, Nomura K, Cooper MD, Herrin BR, He SY. Leucine-rich-repeat-containing variable lymphocyte receptors as modules to target plant-expressed proteins. PLANT METHODS 2017; 13:29. [PMID: 28428809 PMCID: PMC5395774 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-017-0180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to target and manipulate protein-based cellular processes would accelerate plant research; yet, the technology to specifically and selectively target plant-expressed proteins is still in its infancy. Leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) are ubiquitously present protein domains involved in mediating protein-protein interactions. LRRs confer the binding specificity to the highly diverse variable lymphocyte receptor (VLR) antibodies (including VLRA, VLRB and VLRC types) that jawless vertebrates make as the functional equivalents of jawed vertebrate immunoglobulin-based antibodies. RESULTS In this study, VLRBs targeting an effector protein from a plant pathogen, HopM1, were developed by immunizing lampreys and using yeast surface display to select for high-affinity VLRBs. HopM1-specific VLRBs (VLRM1) were expressed in planta in the cytosol, the trans-Golgi network, and the apoplast. Expression of VLRM1 was higher when the protein localized to an oxidizing environment that would favor disulfide bridge formation (when VLRM1 was not localized to the cytoplasm), as disulfide bonds are necessary for proper VLR folding. VLRM1 specifically interacted in planta with HopM1 but not with an unrelated bacterial effector protein while HopM1 failed to interact with a non-specific VLRB. CONCLUSIONS In the future, VLRs may be used as flexible modules to bind proteins or carbohydrates of interest in planta, with broad possibilities for their use by binding directly to their targets and inhibiting their action, or by creating chimeric proteins with new specificities in which endogenous LRR domains are replaced by those present in VLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C. Velásquez
- DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Kinya Nomura
- DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Max D. Cooper
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Brantley R. Herrin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Sheng Yang He
- DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
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