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Zha L, Wei S, Huang D, Zhang J. Multi-Omics Analyses of Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa) Reveals Primary Metabolism Reorganization Supporting Distinct Features of Secondary Metabolism Induced by Supplementing UV-A Radiation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15498-15511. [PMID: 38950542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
UV can serve as an effective light spectrum for regulating plant secondary metabolites, while relevant studies on UV-A are much less extensive than those on UV-B. A comprehensive understanding of the selective effects of UV-A on different secondary metabolites and the specific features of primary metabolism that drive these effects is still lacking. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a study to analyze the dynamic changes in the metabolome and transcriptome of lettuce leaves irradiated with red plus UV-A light (monochromatic red light as control). Generally, UV-A promoted the synthesis of most phenylpropanoids and terpenoids originating from the shikimate and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway in plastids but sacrificed the synthesis of terpenoids derived from the mevalonate (MVA) pathway, particularly sesquiterpenes. Increased precursors supply for the shikimate and MEP pathway under UV-A was directly supported by the activation of the Calvin-Benson cycle and phosphoenolpyruvate transport. Whereas, along with phosphoenolpyruvate transport, the TCA cycle was restrained, causing deprivation of the MVA pathway precursor. In addition, UV-A also activated the plastidic oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway, photorespiration, and malate shuttle, to ensure a sufficient supply of nitrogen, circulation homeostasis of the Calvin-Benson cycle, and energy balance, thus indirectly supporting UV-A-induced specific secondary metabolic output. This study provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the flexible primary-secondary metabolism interactions that are able to produce specific metabolites favorable for adaptation to environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Zha
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shiwei Wei
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Danfeng Huang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingjin Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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2
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Mahapatra K, Mukherjee A, Suyal S, Dar MA, Bhagavatula L, Datta S. Regulation of chloroplast biogenesis, development, and signaling by endogenous and exogenous cues. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:167-183. [PMID: 38623168 PMCID: PMC11016055 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are one of the defining features in most plants, primarily known for their unique property to carry out photosynthesis. Besides this, chloroplasts are also associated with hormone and metabolite productions. For this, biogenesis and development of chloroplast are required to be synchronized with the seedling growth to corroborate the maximum rate of photosynthesis following the emergence of seedlings. Chloroplast biogenesis and development are dependent on the signaling to and from the chloroplast, which are in turn regulated by several endogenous and exogenous cues. Light and hormones play a crucial role in chloroplast maturation and development. Chloroplast signaling involves a coordinated two-way connection between the chloroplast and nucleus, termed retrograde and anterograde signaling, respectively. Anterograde and retrograde signaling are involved in regulation at the transcriptional level and downstream modifications and are modulated by several metabolic and external cues. The communication between chloroplast and nucleus is essential for plants to develop strategies to cope with various stresses including high light or high heat. In this review, we have summarized several aspects of chloroplast development and its regulation through the interplay of various external and internal factors. We have also discussed the involvement of chloroplasts as sensors of various external environment stress factors including high light and temperature, and communicate via a series of retrograde signals to the nucleus, thus playing an essential role in plants' abiotic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Mahapatra
- Plant Cell and Developmental Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Arpan Mukherjee
- Plant Cell and Developmental Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Shikha Suyal
- Plant Cell and Developmental Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | - Mansoor Ali Dar
- Plant Cell and Developmental Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
| | | | - Sourav Datta
- Plant Cell and Developmental Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066 India
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3
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Naz S, Liu P, Farooq U, Ma H. Insight into de-regulation of amino acid feedback inhibition: a focus on structure analysis method. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:161. [PMID: 37612753 PMCID: PMC10464499 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of amino acid's biosynthetic pathway is of significant importance to maintain homeostasis and cell functions. Amino acids regulate their biosynthetic pathway by end-product feedback inhibition of enzymes catalyzing committed steps of a pathway. Discovery of new feedback resistant enzyme variants to enhance industrial production of amino acids is a key objective in industrial biotechnology. Deregulation of feedback inhibition has been achieved for various enzymes using in vitro and in silico mutagenesis techniques. As enzyme's function, its substrate binding capacity, catalysis activity, regulation and stability are dependent on its structural characteristics, here, we provide detailed structural analysis of all feedback sensitive enzyme targets in amino acid biosynthetic pathways. Current review summarizes information regarding structural characteristics of various enzyme targets and effect of mutations on their structures and functions especially in terms of deregulation of feedback inhibition. Furthermore, applicability of various experimental as well as computational mutagenesis techniques to accomplish feedback resistance has also been discussed in detail to have an insight into various aspects of research work reported in this particular field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Naz
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Pi Liu
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Hongwu Ma
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
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4
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Wieloch T, Sharkey TD, Werner RA, Schleucher J. Intramolecular carbon isotope signals reflect metabolite allocation in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2558-2575. [PMID: 35084456 PMCID: PMC9015809 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotopes at natural abundance are key tools to study physiological processes occurring outside the temporal scope of manipulation and monitoring experiments. Whole-molecule carbon isotope ratios (13C/12C) enable assessments of plant carbon uptake yet conceal information about carbon allocation. Here, we identify an intramolecular 13C/12C signal at tree-ring glucose C-5 and C-6 and develop experimentally testable theories on its origin. More specifically, we assess the potential of processes within C3 metabolism for signal introduction based (inter alia) on constraints on signal propagation posed by metabolic networks. We propose that the intramolecular signal reports carbon allocation into major metabolic pathways in actively photosynthesizing leaf cells including the anaplerotic, shikimate, and non-mevalonate pathway. We support our theoretical framework by linking it to previously reported whole-molecule 13C/12C increases in cellulose of ozone-treated Betula pendula and a highly significant relationship between the intramolecular signal and tropospheric ozone concentration. Our theory postulates a pronounced preference for leaf cytosolic triose-phosphate isomerase to catalyse the forward reaction in vivo (dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate). In conclusion, intramolecular 13C/12C analysis resolves information about carbon uptake and allocation enabling more comprehensive assessments of carbon metabolism than whole-molecule 13C/12C analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wieloch
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas David Sharkey
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Plant Resilience Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Roland Anton Werner
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Schleucher
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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5
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Lechón T, Sanz L, Sánchez-Vicente I, Lorenzo O. Nitric Oxide Overproduction by cue1 Mutants Differs on Developmental Stages and Growth Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1484. [PMID: 33158046 PMCID: PMC7692804 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The cue1 nitric oxide (NO) overproducer mutants are impaired in a plastid phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator, mainly expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. cue1 mutants present an increased content of arginine, a precursor of NO in oxidative synthesis processes. However, the pathways of plant NO biosynthesis and signaling have not yet been fully characterized, and the role of CUE1 in these processes is not clear. Here, in an attempt to advance our knowledge regarding NO homeostasis, we performed a deep characterization of the NO production of four different cue1 alleles (cue1-1, cue1-5, cue1-6 and nox1) during seed germination, primary root elongation, and salt stress resistance. Furthermore, we analyzed the production of NO in different carbon sources to improve our understanding of the interplay between carbon metabolism and NO homeostasis. After in vivo NO imaging and spectrofluorometric quantification of the endogenous NO levels of cue1 mutants, we demonstrate that CUE1 does not directly contribute to the rapid NO synthesis during seed imbibition. Although cue1 mutants do not overproduce NO during germination and early plant development, they are able to accumulate NO after the seedling is completely established. Thus, CUE1 regulates NO homeostasis during post-germinative growth to modulate root development in response to carbon metabolism, as different sugars modify root elongation and meristem organization in cue1 mutants. Therefore, cue1 mutants are a useful tool to study the physiological effects of NO in post-germinative growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Oscar Lorenzo
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, C/Río Duero 12, 37185 Salamanca, Spain; (T.L.); (L.S.); (I.S.-V.)
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6
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Swift RP, Rajaram K, Keutcha C, Liu HB, Kwan B, Dziedzic A, Jedlicka AE, Prigge ST. The NTP generating activity of pyruvate kinase II is critical for apicoplast maintenance in Plasmodium falciparum. eLife 2020; 9:e50807. [PMID: 32815516 PMCID: PMC7556864 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The apicoplast of Plasmodium falciparum parasites is believed to rely on the import of three-carbon phosphate compounds for use in organelle anabolic pathways, in addition to the generation of energy and reducing power within the organelle. We generated a series of genetic deletions in an apicoplast metabolic bypass line to determine which genes involved in apicoplast carbon metabolism are required for blood-stage parasite survival and organelle maintenance. We found that pyruvate kinase II (PyrKII) is essential for organelle maintenance, but that production of pyruvate by PyrKII is not responsible for this phenomenon. Enzymatic characterization of PyrKII revealed activity against all NDPs and dNDPs tested, suggesting that it may be capable of generating a broad range of nucleotide triphosphates. Conditional mislocalization of PyrKII resulted in decreased transcript levels within the apicoplast that preceded organelle disruption, suggesting that PyrKII is required for organelle maintenance due to its role in nucleotide triphosphate generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell P Swift
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Krithika Rajaram
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Cyrianne Keutcha
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Hans B Liu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Bobby Kwan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Amanda Dziedzic
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Anne E Jedlicka
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Sean T Prigge
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUnited States
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7
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Lyu MJA, Wang Y, Jiang J, Liu X, Chen G, Zhu XG. What Matters for C 4 Transporters: Evolutionary Changes of Phospho enolpyruvate Transporter for C 4 Photosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:935. [PMID: 32695130 PMCID: PMC7338763 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
C4 photosynthesis is a complex trait that evolved from its ancestral C3 photosynthesis by recruiting pre-existing genes. These co-opted genes were changed in many aspects compared to their counterparts in C3 species. Most of the evolutionary changes of the C4 shuttle enzymes are well characterized, however, evolutionary changes for the recruited metabolite transporters are less studied. Here we analyzed the evolutionary changes of the shuttle enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) transporter (PPT) during its recruitment from C3 to C4 photosynthesis. Our analysis showed that among the two PPT paralogs PPT1 and PPT2, PPT1 was the copy recruited for C4 photosynthesis in multiple C4 lineages. During C4 evolution, PPT1 gained increased transcript abundance, shifted its expression from predominantly in root to in leaf and from bundle sheath cell to mesophyll cell, and gained more rapid and long-lasting responsiveness to light. Modifications occurred in both regulatory and coding regions in C4 PPT1 as compared to C3 PPT1, however, the PEP transporting function of PPT1 remained. We found that PPT1 of a Flaveria C4 species recruited a MEM1 B submodule in the promoter region, which might be related to the increased transcript abundance of PPT1 in C4 mesophyll cells. The case study of PPT further suggested that high transcript abundance in a proper location is of high priority for PPT to support C4 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ju Amy Lyu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence In Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence In Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery & Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Xinyu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence In Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Genyun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence In Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence In Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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8
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Substrate specificity of plastid phosphate transporters in a non-photosynthetic diatom and its implication in evolution of red alga-derived complex plastids. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1167. [PMID: 31980711 PMCID: PMC6981301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The triose phosphate transporter (TPT) is one of the prerequisites to exchange metabolites between the cytosol and plastids. In this study, we demonstrated that the four plastid TPT homologues in the non-photosynthetic diatom Nitzschia sp. NIES-3581 were highly likely integrated into plastid envelope membranes similar to counterparts in the model photosynthetic diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, in terms of target membranes and C-terminal orientations. Three of the four Nitzschia TPT homologues are capable of transporting various metabolites into proteo-liposomes including triose phosphates (TPs) and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), the transport substrates sufficient to support the metabolic pathways retained in the non-photosynthetic diatom plastid. Phylogenetic analysis of TPTs and closely related transporter proteins indicated that diatoms and other algae with red alga-derived complex plastids possess only TPT homologues but lack homologues of the glucose 6-phosphate transporter (GPT), xylulose 5-phosphate transporter (XPT), and phosphoenolpyruvate transporter (PPT). Comparative sequence analysis suggests that many TPT homologues of red alga-derived complex plastids potentially have the ability to transport mainly TPs and PEP. TPTs transporting both TPs and PEP highly likely mediate a metabolic crosstalk between a red alga-derived complex plastid and the cytosol in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic species, which explains the lack of PPTs in all the lineages with red alga-derived complex plastids. The PEP-transporting TPTs might have emerged in an early phase of endosymbiosis between a red alga and a eukaryote host, given the broad distribution of that type of transporters in all branches of red alga-derived complex plastid-bearing lineages, and have probably played a key role in the establishment and retention of a controllable, intracellular metabolic connection in those organisms.
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9
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Yáñez-Serrano AM, Mahlau L, Fasbender L, Byron J, Williams J, Kreuzwieser J, Werner C. Heat stress increases the use of cytosolic pyruvate for isoprene biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5827-5838. [PMID: 31396620 PMCID: PMC6812709 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The increasing occurrence of heatwaves has intensified temperature stress on terrestrial vegetation. Here, we investigate how two contrasting isoprene-emitting tropical species, Ficus benjamina and Pachira aquatica, cope with heat stress and assess the role of internal plant carbon sources for isoprene biosynthesis in relation to thermotolerance. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report isoprene emissions from P. aquatica. We exposed plants to two levels of heat stress and determined the temperature response curves for isoprene and photosynthesis. To assess the use of internal C sources in isoprene biosynthesis, plants were fed with 13C position-labelled pyruvate. F. benjamina was more heat tolerant with higher constitutive isoprene emissions and stronger acclimation to higher temperatures than P. aquatica, which showed higher induced isoprene emissions at elevated temperatures. Under heat stress, both isoprene emissions and the proportion of cytosolic pyruvate allocated into isoprene synthesis increased. This represents a mechanism that P. aquatica, and to a lesser extent F. benjamina, has adopted as an immediate response to sudden increase in heat stress. However, in the long run under prolonged heat, the species with constitutive emissions (F. benjamina) was better adapted, indicating that plants that invest more carbon into protective emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds tend to suffer less from heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Mahlau
- Institute of Ecosystem Physiology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Fasbender
- Institute of Ecosystem Physiology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joseph Byron
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max-Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max-Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kreuzwieser
- Institute of Ecosystem Physiology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Werner
- Institute of Ecosystem Physiology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Zhang H, Cheng G, Yang Z, Wang T, Xu J. Identification of Sugarcane Host Factors Interacting with the 6K2 Protein of the Sugarcane Mosaic Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163867. [PMID: 31398864 PMCID: PMC6719097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The 6K2 protein of potyviruses plays a key role in the viral infection in plants. In the present study, the coding sequence of 6K2 was cloned from Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) strain FZ1 into pBT3-STE to generate the plasmid pBT3-STE-6K2, which was used as bait to screen a cDNA library prepared from sugarcane plants infected with SCMV based on the DUALmembrane system. One hundred and fifty-seven positive colonies were screened and sequenced, and the corresponding full-length genes were cloned from sugarcane cultivar ROC22. Then, 24 genes with annotations were obtained, and the deduced proteins were classified into three groups, in which eight proteins were involved in the stress response, 12 proteins were involved in transport, and four proteins were involved in photosynthesis based on their biological functions. Of the 24 proteins, 20 proteins were verified to interact with SCMV-6K2 by yeast two-hybrid assays. The possible roles of these proteins in SCMV infection on sugarcane are analyzed and discussed. This is the first report on the interaction of SCMV-6K2 with host factors from sugarcane, and will improve knowledge on the mechanism of SCMV infection in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Guangyuan Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zongtao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Tong Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jingsheng Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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11
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Bockwoldt M, Heiland I, Fischer K. The evolution of the plastid phosphate translocator family. PLANTA 2019; 250:245-261. [PMID: 30993402 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The plastid phosphate translocators evolved in algae but diversified into several groups, which adopted different physiological functions by extensive gene duplications and losses in Streptophyta. The plastid phosphate translocators (pPT) are a family of transporters involved in the exchange of metabolites and inorganic phosphate between stroma and cytosol. Based on their substrate specificities, they were divided into four subfamilies named TPT, PPT, GPT and XPT. To analyse the occurrence of these transporters in different algae and land plant species, we identified 652 pPT genes in 101 sequenced genomes for phylogenetic analysis. The first three subfamilies are found in all species and evolved before the split of red and green algae while the XPTs were derived from the duplication of a GPT gene at the base of Streptophyta. The analysis of the intron-exon structures of the pPTs corroborated these findings. While the number and positions of introns are conserved within each subfamily, they differ between the subfamilies suggesting an insertion of the introns shortly after the three subfamilies evolved. During angiosperm evolution, the subfamilies further split into different groups (TPT1-2, PPT1-3, GPT1-6). Angiosperm species differ significantly in the total number of pPTs, with many species having only a few, while several plants, especially crops, have a higher number, pointing to the importance of these transporters for improved source-sink strength and yield. The differences in the number of pPTs can be explained by several small-scale gene duplications and losses in plant families or single species, but also by whole genome duplications, for example, in grasses. This work could be the basis for a comprehensive analysis of the molecular and physiological functions of this important family of transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Bockwoldt
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Biologibygget, Framstredet 39, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ines Heiland
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Biologibygget, Framstredet 39, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Karsten Fischer
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Biologibygget, Framstredet 39, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
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12
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Weise SE, Liu T, Childs KL, Preiser AL, Katulski HM, Perrin-Porzondek C, Sharkey TD. Transcriptional Regulation of the Glucose-6-Phosphate/Phosphate Translocator 2 Is Related to Carbon Exchange Across the Chloroplast Envelope. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:827. [PMID: 31316533 PMCID: PMC6609314 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The exchange of reduced carbon across the inner chloroplast envelope has a large impact on photosynthesis and growth. Under steady-state conditions it is thought that glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) does not cross the chloroplast membrane. However, growth at high CO2, or disruption of starch metabolism can result in the GPT2 gene for a G6P/Pi translocator to be expressed presumably allowing G6P exchange across the chloroplast envelope. We found that after an increase in light, the transcript for GPT2 transiently increases several 100-fold within 2 h in both the Col-0 and WS ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana. The increase in transcript for GPT2 is preceded by an increase in transcript for many transcription factors including Redox Responsive Transcription Factor 1 (RRTF1). The increase in GPT2 transcript after exposure to high light is suppressed in a mutant lacking the RRTF1 transcription factor. The GPT2 response was also suppressed in a mutant with a T-DNA insert in the gene for the triose-phosphate/Pi translocator (TPT). However, plants lacking TPT still had a robust rise in RRTF1 transcript in response to high light. From this, we conclude that both RRTF1 (and possibly other transcription factors) and high amounts of cytosolic triose phosphate are required for induction of the expression of GPT2. We hypothesize that transient GPT2 expression and subsequent translation is adaptive, allowing G6P to move into the chloroplast from the cytosol. The imported G6P can be used for starch synthesis or may flow directly into the Calvin-Benson cycle via an alternative pathway (the G6P shunt), which could be important for regulating and stabilizing photosynthetic electron transport and carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean E. Weise
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Tiffany Liu
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kevin L. Childs
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Alyssa L. Preiser
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Hailey M. Katulski
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | - Thomas D. Sharkey
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Thomas D. Sharkey,
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13
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de Souza VF, Niinemets Ü, Rasulov B, Vickers CE, Duvoisin Júnior S, Araújo WL, Gonçalves JFDC. Alternative Carbon Sources for Isoprene Emission. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:1081-1101. [PMID: 30472998 PMCID: PMC6354897 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene and other plastidial isoprenoids are produced primarily from recently assimilated photosynthates via the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. However, when environmental conditions limit photosynthesis, a fraction of carbon for MEP pathway can come from extrachloroplastic sources. The flow of extrachloroplastic carbon depends on the species and on leaf developmental and environmental conditions. The exchange of common phosphorylated intermediates between the MEP pathway and other metabolic pathways can occur via plastidic phosphate translocators. C1 and C2 carbon intermediates can contribute to chloroplastic metabolism, including photosynthesis and isoprenoid synthesis. Integration of these metabolic processes provide an example of metabolic flexibility, and results in the synthesis of primary metabolites for plant growth and secondary metabolites for plant defense, allowing effective use of environmental resources under multiple stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Fernandes de Souza
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, AM 69011-970, Brazil; University of Amazonas State, Manaus, AM 69050-010, Brazil
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Department of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Bahtijor Rasulov
- Department of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Claudia E Vickers
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, EcoSciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | | | - Wagner L Araújo
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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14
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Hilgers EJA, Staehr P, Flügge UI, Häusler RE. The Xylulose 5-Phosphate/Phosphate Translocator Supports Triose Phosphate, but Not Phosphoenolpyruvate Transport Across the Inner Envelope Membrane of Plastids in Arabidopsis thaliana Mutant Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1461. [PMID: 30405650 PMCID: PMC6201195 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The xylulose 5-phosphate/phosphate translocator (PTs) (XPT) represents a link between the plastidial and extraplastidial branches of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. Its role is to retrieve pentose phosphates from the extraplastidial space and to make them available to the plastids. However, the XPT transports also triose phosphates and to a lesser extent phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). Thus, it might support both the triose phosphate/PT (TPT) in the export of photoassimilates from illuminated chloroplasts and the PEP/PT (PPT) in the import of PEP into green or non-green plastids. In mutants defective in the day- and night-path of photoassimilate export from the chloroplasts (i.e., knockout of the TPT [tpt-2] in a starch-free background [adg1-1])the XPT provides a bypass for triose phosphate export and thereby guarantees survival of the adg1-1/tpt-2 double mutant. Here we show that the additional knockout of the XPT in adg1-1/tpt-2/xpt-1 triple mutants results in lethality when the plants were grown in soil. Thus the XPT can functionally support the TPT. The PEP transport capacity of the XPT has been revisited here with a protein heterologously expressed in yeast. PEP transport rates in the proteoliposome system were increased with decreasing pH-values below 7.0. Moreover, PEP transport determined in leaf extracts from wild-type plants showed a similar pH-response, suggesting that in both cases PEP2- is the transported charge-species. Hence, PEP import into illuminated chloroplasts might be unidirectional because of the alkaline pH of the stroma. Here the consequence of a block in PEP transport across the envelope was analyzed in triple mutants defective in both PPTs and the XPT. PPT1 is knocked out in the cue1 mutant. For PPT2 two new mutant alleles were isolated and established as homozygous lines. In contrast to the strong phenotype of cue1, both ppt2 alleles showed only slight growth retardation. As plastidial PEP is required e.g., for the shikimate pathway of aromatic amino acid synthesis, a block in PEP import should result in a lethal phenotype. However, the cue1-6/ppt2-1/ppt2-1 triple mutant was viable and even exhibited residual PEP transport capacity. Hence, alternative ways of PEP transport must exist and are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke J. A. Hilgers
- Department of Biology, Botany II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pia Staehr
- Department of Biology, Botany II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Lophius Biosciences GmbH, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulf-Ingo Flügge
- Department of Biology, Botany II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rainer E. Häusler
- Department of Biology, Botany II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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15
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Hilgers EJA, Schöttler MA, Mettler-Altmann T, Krueger S, Dörmann P, Eicks M, Flügge UI, Häusler RE. The Combined Loss of Triose Phosphate and Xylulose 5-Phosphate/Phosphate Translocators Leads to Severe Growth Retardation and Impaired Photosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana tpt/xpt Double Mutants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1331. [PMID: 30333839 PMCID: PMC6175978 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The xylulose 5-phosphate/phosphate translocator (XPT) represents the fourth functional member of the phosphate translocator (PT) family residing in the plastid inner envelope membrane. In contrast to the other three members, little is known on the physiological role of the XPT. Based on its major transport substrates (i.e., pentose phosphates) the XPT has been proposed to act as a link between the plastidial and extraplastidial branches of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP). As the XPT is also capable of transporting triose phosphates, it might as well support the triose phosphate PT (TPT) in exporting photoassimilates from the chloroplast in the light ('day path of carbon') and hence in supplying the whole plant with carbohydrates. Two independent knockout mutant alleles of the XPT (xpt-1 and xpt-2) lacked any specific phenotype, suggesting that the XPT function is redundant. However, double mutants generated from crossings of xpt-1 to different mutant alleles of the TPT (tpt-1 and tpt-2) were severely retarded in size, exhibited a high chlorophyll fluorescence phenotype, and impaired photosynthetic electron transport rates. In the double mutant the export of triose phosphates from the chloroplasts is completely blocked. Hence, precursors for sucrose biosynthesis derive entirely from starch turnover ('night path of carbon'), which was accompanied by a marked accumulation of maltose as a starch breakdown product. Moreover, pentose phosphates produced by the extraplastidial branch of the OPPP also accumulated in the double mutants. Thus, an active XPT indeed retrieves excessive pentose phosphates from the extra-plastidial space and makes them available to the plastids. Further metabolic profiling revealed that phosphorylated intermediates remained largely unaffected, whereas fumarate and glycine contents were diminished in the double mutants. The assessment of C/N-ratios suggested co-limitations of C- and N-metabolism as possible cause for growth retardation of the double mutants. Feeding of sucrose partially rescued the growth and photosynthesis phenotypes of the double mutants. Immunoblots of thylakoid proteins, spectroscopic determinations of photosynthesis complexes, and chlorophyll a fluorescence emission spectra at 77 Kelvin could only partially explain constrains in photosynthesis observed in the double mutants. The data are discussed together with aspects of the OPPP and central carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke J. A. Hilgers
- Department of Biology, Cologne Biocenter, Botanical Institute II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Stephan Krueger
- Department of Biology, Cologne Biocenter, Botanical Institute II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Molecular Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Ulf-Ingo Flügge
- Department of Biology, Cologne Biocenter, Botanical Institute II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rainer E. Häusler
- Department of Biology, Cologne Biocenter, Botanical Institute II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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16
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Hsueh YC, Nicolaisen K, Gross LE, Nöthen J, Schauer N, Vojta L, Ertel F, Koch I, Ladig R, Fulgosi H, Fernie AR, Schleiff E. The outer membrane Omp85-like protein P39 influences metabolic homeostasis in mature Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:825-833. [PMID: 29758131 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Omp85 proteins form a large membrane protein family in bacteria and eukaryotes. Omp85 proteins are composed of a C-terminal β-barrel-shaped membrane domain and one or more N-terminal polypeptide transport-associated (POTRA) domains. However, Arabidopsis thaliana contains two genes coding for Omp85 proteins without a POTRA domain. One gene is designated P39, according to the molecular weight of the encoded protein. The protein is targeted to plastids and it was established that p39 has electrophysiological properties similar to other Omp85 family members, particularly to that designated as Toc75V/Oep80. We analysed expression of the gene and characterised two T-DNA insertion mutants, focusing on alterations in photosynthetic activity, plastid ultrastructure, global expression profile and metabolome. We observed pronounced expression of P39, especially in veins. Mutants of P39 show growth aberrations, reduced photosynthetic activity and changes in plastid ultrastructure, particularly in the leaf tip. Further, they display global alteration of gene expression and metabolite content in leaves of mature plants. We conclude that the function of the plastid-localised and vein-specific Omp85 family protein p39 is important, but not essential, for maintenance of metabolic homeostasis of full-grown A. thaliana plants. Further, the function of p39 in veins influences the functionality of other plant tissues. The link connecting p39 function with metabolic regulation in mature A. thaliana is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Hsueh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - K Nicolaisen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - L E Gross
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Nöthen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - N Schauer
- MPI für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
| | - L Vojta
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute Ruđer Bošković, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - F Ertel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - I Koch
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Ladig
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - H Fulgosi
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute Ruđer Bošković, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A R Fernie
- MPI für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
| | - E Schleiff
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Frankfurt, Germany
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17
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Delfosse K, Wozny MR, Barton KA, Mathur N, Griffiths N, Mathur J. Plastid Envelope-Localized Proteins Exhibit a Stochastic Spatiotemporal Relationship to Stromules. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:754. [PMID: 29915611 PMCID: PMC5995270 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Plastids in the viridiplantae sporadically form thin tubules called stromules that increase the interactive surface between the plastid and the surrounding cytoplasm. Several recent publications that report observations of certain proteins localizing to the extensions have then used the observations to suggest stromule-specific functions. The mechanisms by which specific localizations on these transient and sporadically formed extensions might occur remain unclear. Previous studies have yet to address the spatiotemporal relationship between a particular protein localization pattern and its distribution on an extended stromules and/or the plastid body. Here, we have used discrete protein patches found in several transgenic plants as fiducial markers to investigate this relationship. While we consider the inner plastid envelope-membrane localized protein patches of the GLUCOSE 6-PHOSPHATE/PHOSPHATE TRANSLOCATOR1 and the TRIOSE-PHOSPHATE/ PHOSPHATE TRANSLOCATOR 1 as artifacts of fluorescent fusion protein over-expression, stromule formation is not compromised in the respective stable transgenic lines that maintain normal growth and development. Our analysis of chloroplasts in the transgenic lines in the Arabidopsis Columbia background, and in the arc6 mutant, under stromule-inducing conditions shows that the possibility of finding a particular protein-enriched domain on an extended stromule or on a region of the main plastid body is stochastic. Our observations provide insights on the behavior of chloroplasts, the relationship between stromules and the plastid-body and strongly challenge claims of stromule-specific functions based solely upon protein localization to plastid extensions. ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY Observations of the spatiotemporal relationship between plastid envelope localized fluorescent protein fusions of two sugar-phosphate transporters and stromules suggest a stochastic rather than specific localization pattern that questions the idea of independent functions for stromules.
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18
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Lee Y, Nishizawa T, Takemoto M, Kumazaki K, Yamashita K, Hirata K, Minoda A, Nagatoishi S, Tsumoto K, Ishitani R, Nureki O. Structure of the triose-phosphate/phosphate translocator reveals the basis of substrate specificity. NATURE PLANTS 2017; 3:825-832. [PMID: 28970497 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-017-0022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The triose-phosphate/phosphate translocator (TPT) catalyses the strict 1:1 exchange of triose-phosphate, 3-phosphoglycerate and inorganic phosphate across the chloroplast envelope, and plays crucial roles in photosynthesis. Despite rigorous study for more than 40 years, the molecular mechanism of TPT is poorly understood because of the lack of structural information. Here we report crystal structures of TPT bound to two different substrates, 3-phosphoglycerate and inorganic phosphate, in occluded conformations. The structures reveal that TPT adopts a 10-transmembrane drug/metabolite transporter fold. Both substrates are bound within the same central pocket, where conserved lysine, arginine and tyrosine residues recognize the shared phosphate group. A structural comparison with the outward-open conformation of the bacterial drug/metabolite transporter suggests a rocker-switch motion of helix bundles, and molecular dynamics simulations support a model in which this rocker-switch motion is tightly coupled to the substrate binding, to ensure strict 1:1 exchange. These results reveal the unique mechanism of sugar phosphate/phosphate exchange by TPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchan Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishizawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Mizuki Takemoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kumazaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | | | - Kunio Hirata
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Ayumi Minoda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Ishitani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Osamu Nureki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
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19
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Zhang ZW, Luo S, Zhang GC, Feng LY, Zheng C, Zhou YH, Du JB, Yuan M, Chen YE, Wang CQ, Liu WJ, Xu XC, Hu Y, Bai SL, Kong DD, Yuan S, He YK. Nitric oxide induces monosaccharide accumulation through enzyme S-nitrosylation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:1834-1848. [PMID: 28556250 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is extensively involved in various growth processes and stress responses in plants; however, the regulatory mechanism of NO-modulated cellular sugar metabolism is still largely unknown. Here, we report that NO significantly inhibited monosaccharide catabolism by modulating sugar metabolic enzymes through S-nitrosylation (mainly by oxidizing dihydrolipoamide, a cofactor of pyruvate dehydrogenase). These S-nitrosylation modifications led to a decrease in cellular glycolysis enzymes and ATP synthase activities as well as declines in the content of acetyl coenzyme A, ATP, ADP-glucose and UDP-glucose, which eventually caused polysaccharide-biosynthesis inhibition and monosaccharide accumulation. Plant developmental defects that were caused by high levels of NO included delayed flowering time, retarded root growth and reduced starch granule formation. These phenotypic defects could be mediated by sucrose supplementation, suggesting an essential role of NO-sugar cross-talks in plant growth and development. Our findings suggest that molecular manipulations could be used to improve fruit and vegetable sweetness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wei Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Sha Luo
- The High School Attached to Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Gong-Chang Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ling-Yang Feng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chong Zheng
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yang-Hong Zhou
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jun-Bo Du
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Yang-Er Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Chang-Quan Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wen-Juan Liu
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Xiao-Chao Xu
- College of Bioindustry, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Yong Hu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Su-Lan Bai
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Dong-Dong Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yi-Kun He
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
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20
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Flores-Tornero M, Anoman AD, Rosa-Téllez S, Toujani W, Weber APM, Eisenhut M, Kurz S, Alseekh S, Fernie AR, Muñoz-Bertomeu J, Ros R. Overexpression of the triose phosphate translocator (TPT) complements the abnormal metabolism and development of plastidial glycolytic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mutants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:1146-1158. [PMID: 27984670 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The presence of two glycolytic pathways working in parallel in plastids and cytosol has complicated the understanding of this essential process in plant cells, especially the integration of the plastidial pathway into the metabolism of heterotrophic and autotrophic organs. It is assumed that this integration is achieved by transport systems, which exchange glycolytic intermediates across plastidial membranes. However, it is unknown whether plastidial and cytosolic pools of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) can equilibrate in non-photosynthetic tissues. To resolve this question, we employed Arabidopsis mutants of the plastidial glycolytic isoforms of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPCp) that express the triose phosphate translocator (TPT) under the control of the 35S (35S:TPT) or the native GAPCp1 (GAPCp1:TPT) promoters. TPT expression under the control of both promoters complemented the vegetative developmental defects and metabolic disorders of the GAPCp double mutants (gapcp1gapcp2). However, as the 35S is poorly expressed in the tapetum, full vegetative and reproductive complementation of gapcp1gapcp2 was achieved only by transforming this mutant with the GAPCp1:TPT construct. Our results indicate that the main function of GAPCp is to supply 3-PGA for anabolic pathways in plastids of heterotrophic cells and suggest that the plastidial glycolysis may contribute to fatty acid biosynthesis in seeds. They also suggest a 3-PGA deficiency in the plastids of gapcp1gapcp2, and that 3-PGA pools between cytosol and plastid do not equilibrate in heterotrophic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Flores-Tornero
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmácia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Armand D Anoman
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmácia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Sara Rosa-Téllez
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmácia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Walid Toujani
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmácia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine Universität, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marion Eisenhut
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine Universität, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Samantha Kurz
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine Universität, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jesús Muñoz-Bertomeu
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmácia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Roc Ros
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmácia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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21
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Lee EJ, Oh M, Hwang JU, Li-Beisson Y, Nishida I, Lee Y. Seed-Specific Overexpression of the Pyruvate Transporter BASS2 Increases Oil Content in Arabidopsis Seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:194. [PMID: 28265278 PMCID: PMC5316546 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Seed oil is important not only for human and animal nutrition, but also for various industrial applications. Numerous genetic engineering strategies have been attempted to increase the oil content per seed, but few of these strategies have involved manipulating the transporters. Pyruvate is a major source of carbon for de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in plastids, and the embryo's demand for pyruvate is reported to increase during active oil accumulation. In this study, we tested our hypothesis that oil biosynthesis could be boosted by increasing pyruvate flux into plastids. We expressed the known plastid-localized pyruvate transporter BILE ACID:SODIUM SYMPORTER FAMILY PROTEIN 2 (BASS2) under the control of a seed-specific soybean (Glycine max) glycinin-1 promoter in Arabidopsis thaliana. The resultant transgenic Arabidopsis plants (OEs), which expressed high levels of BASS2, produced seeds that were larger and heavier and contained 10-37% more oil than those of the wild type (WT), but were comparable to the WT seeds in terms of protein and carbohydrate contents. The total seed number did not differ significantly between the WT and OEs. Therefore, oil yield per plant was increased by 24-43% in the OE lines compared to WT. Taken together, our results demonstrate that seed-specific overexpression of the pyruvate transporter BASS2 promotes oil production in Arabidopsis seeds. Thus, manipulating the level of specific transporters is a feasible approach for increasing the seed oil content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang, South Korea
| | - Minwoo Oh
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ung Hwang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang, South Korea
| | - Yonghua Li-Beisson
- Department of Plant Biology and Environmental Microbiology, CEA/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Aix-Marseille University, CEA CadaracheMarseille, France
| | - Ikuo Nishida
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama UniversitySaitama, Japan
| | - Youngsook Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Youngsook Lee
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22
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Griffiths CA, Paul MJ, Foyer CH. Metabolite transport and associated sugar signalling systems underpinning source/sink interactions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1857:1715-25. [PMID: 27487250 PMCID: PMC5001786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Metabolite transport between organelles, cells and source and sink tissues not only enables pathway co-ordination but it also facilitates whole plant communication, particularly in the transmission of information concerning resource availability. Carbon assimilation is co-ordinated with nitrogen assimilation to ensure that the building blocks of biomass production, amino acids and carbon skeletons, are available at the required amounts and stoichiometry, with associated transport processes making certain that these essential resources are transported from their sites of synthesis to those of utilisation. Of the many possible posttranslational mechanisms that might participate in efficient co-ordination of metabolism and transport only reversible thiol-disulphide exchange mechanisms have been described in detail. Sucrose and trehalose metabolism are intertwined in the signalling hub that ensures appropriate resource allocation to drive growth and development under optimal and stress conditions, with trehalose-6-phosphate acting as an important signal for sucrose availability. The formidable suite of plant metabolite transporters provides enormous flexibility and adaptability in inter-pathway coordination and source-sink interactions. Focussing on the carbon metabolism network, we highlight the functions of different transporter families, and the important of thioredoxins in the metabolic dialogue between source and sink tissues. In addition, we address how these systems can be tailored for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara A Griffiths
- Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Matthew J Paul
- Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Christine H Foyer
- Centre for Plant Sciences, School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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23
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Tao Y, Lyu MJA, Zhu XG. Transcriptome comparisons shed light on the pre-condition and potential barrier for C4 photosynthesis evolution in eudicots. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 91:193-209. [PMID: 26893123 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
C4 photosynthesis evolved independently from C3 photosynthesis in more than 60 lineages. Most of the C4 lineages are clustered together in the order Poales and the order Caryophyllales while many other angiosperm orders do not have C4 species, suggesting the existence of biological pre-conditions in the ancestral C3 species that facilitate the evolution of C4 photosynthesis in these lineages. To explore pre-adaptations for C4 photosynthesis evolution, we classified C4 lineages into the C4-poor and the C4-rich groups based on the percentage of C4 species in different genera and conducted a comprehensive comparison on the transcriptomic changes between the non-C4 species from the C4-poor and the C4-rich groups. Results show that species in the C4-rich group showed higher expression of genes related to oxidoreductase activity, light reaction components, terpene synthesis, secondary cell synthesis, C4 cycle related genes and genes related to nucleotide metabolism and senescence. In contrast, C4-poor group showed up-regulation of a PEP/Pi translocator, genes related to signaling pathway, stress response, defense response and plant hormone metabolism (ethylene and brassinosteroid). The implications of these transcriptomic differences between the C4-rich and C4-poor groups to C4 evolution are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Tao
- CAS-Key Laboratory for Computational Biology and State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ming-Ju Amy Lyu
- CAS-Key Laboratory for Computational Biology and State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- CAS-Key Laboratory for Computational Biology and State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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24
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Schwender J, Hebbelmann I, Heinzel N, Hildebrandt T, Rogers A, Naik D, Klapperstück M, Braun HP, Schreiber F, Denolf P, Borisjuk L, Rolletschek H. Quantitative Multilevel Analysis of Central Metabolism in Developing Oilseeds of Oilseed Rape during in Vitro Culture. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 168:828-48. [PMID: 25944824 PMCID: PMC4741336 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Seeds provide the basis for many food, feed, and fuel products. Continued increases in seed yield, composition, and quality require an improved understanding of how the developing seed converts carbon and nitrogen supplies into storage. Current knowledge of this process is often based on the premise that transcriptional regulation directly translates via enzyme concentration into flux. In an attempt to highlight metabolic control, we explore genotypic differences in carbon partitioning for in vitro cultured developing embryos of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). We determined biomass composition as well as 79 net fluxes, the levels of 77 metabolites, and 26 enzyme activities with specific focus on central metabolism in nine selected germplasm accessions. Overall, we observed a tradeoff between the biomass component fractions of lipid and starch. With increasing lipid content over the spectrum of genotypes, plastidic fatty acid synthesis and glycolytic flux increased concomitantly, while glycolytic intermediates decreased. The lipid/starch tradeoff was not reflected at the proteome level, pointing to the significance of (posttranslational) metabolic control. Enzyme activity/flux and metabolite/flux correlations suggest that plastidic pyruvate kinase exerts flux control and that the lipid/starch tradeoff is most likely mediated by allosteric feedback regulation of phosphofructokinase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. Quantitative data were also used to calculate in vivo mass action ratios, reaction equilibria, and metabolite turnover times. Compounds like cyclic 3',5'-AMP and sucrose-6-phosphate were identified to potentially be involved in so far unknown mechanisms of metabolic control. This study provides a rich source of quantitative data for those studying central metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Schwender
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Upton, New York 11973 (J.S., I.H., A.R., D.N.);Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (N.H., L.B., H.R.);Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany (T.H., H.-P.B.);Department of Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India (D.N.);Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (M.K., F.S.);Institute of Computer Science, University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (F.S.); andBayer CropScience, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Inga Hebbelmann
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Upton, New York 11973 (J.S., I.H., A.R., D.N.);Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (N.H., L.B., H.R.);Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany (T.H., H.-P.B.);Department of Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India (D.N.);Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (M.K., F.S.);Institute of Computer Science, University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (F.S.); andBayer CropScience, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Nicolas Heinzel
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Upton, New York 11973 (J.S., I.H., A.R., D.N.);Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (N.H., L.B., H.R.);Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany (T.H., H.-P.B.);Department of Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India (D.N.);Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (M.K., F.S.);Institute of Computer Science, University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (F.S.); andBayer CropScience, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Tatjana Hildebrandt
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Upton, New York 11973 (J.S., I.H., A.R., D.N.);Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (N.H., L.B., H.R.);Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany (T.H., H.-P.B.);Department of Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India (D.N.);Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (M.K., F.S.);Institute of Computer Science, University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (F.S.); andBayer CropScience, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Alistair Rogers
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Upton, New York 11973 (J.S., I.H., A.R., D.N.);Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (N.H., L.B., H.R.);Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany (T.H., H.-P.B.);Department of Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India (D.N.);Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (M.K., F.S.);Institute of Computer Science, University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (F.S.); andBayer CropScience, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Dhiraj Naik
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Upton, New York 11973 (J.S., I.H., A.R., D.N.);Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (N.H., L.B., H.R.);Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany (T.H., H.-P.B.);Department of Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India (D.N.);Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (M.K., F.S.);Institute of Computer Science, University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (F.S.); andBayer CropScience, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Matthias Klapperstück
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Upton, New York 11973 (J.S., I.H., A.R., D.N.);Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (N.H., L.B., H.R.);Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany (T.H., H.-P.B.);Department of Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India (D.N.);Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (M.K., F.S.);Institute of Computer Science, University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (F.S.); andBayer CropScience, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Hans-Peter Braun
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Upton, New York 11973 (J.S., I.H., A.R., D.N.);Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (N.H., L.B., H.R.);Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany (T.H., H.-P.B.);Department of Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India (D.N.);Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (M.K., F.S.);Institute of Computer Science, University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (F.S.); andBayer CropScience, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Falk Schreiber
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Upton, New York 11973 (J.S., I.H., A.R., D.N.);Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (N.H., L.B., H.R.);Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany (T.H., H.-P.B.);Department of Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India (D.N.);Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (M.K., F.S.);Institute of Computer Science, University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (F.S.); andBayer CropScience, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Peter Denolf
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Upton, New York 11973 (J.S., I.H., A.R., D.N.);Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (N.H., L.B., H.R.);Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany (T.H., H.-P.B.);Department of Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India (D.N.);Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (M.K., F.S.);Institute of Computer Science, University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (F.S.); andBayer CropScience, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Upton, New York 11973 (J.S., I.H., A.R., D.N.);Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (N.H., L.B., H.R.);Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany (T.H., H.-P.B.);Department of Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India (D.N.);Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (M.K., F.S.);Institute of Computer Science, University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (F.S.); andBayer CropScience, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium (P.D.)
| | - Hardy Rolletschek
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biological, Environmental, and Climate Sciences Department, Upton, New York 11973 (J.S., I.H., A.R., D.N.);Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany (N.H., L.B., H.R.);Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany (T.H., H.-P.B.);Department of Environmental Science, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India (D.N.);Clayton School of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia (M.K., F.S.);Institute of Computer Science, University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (F.S.); andBayer CropScience, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium (P.D.)
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25
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Hernández I, Munné-Bosch S. Linking phosphorus availability with photo-oxidative stress in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2889-900. [PMID: 25740928 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a plethora of mechanisms to circumvent the potential damaging effects of living under low phosphorus availability in the soil. These mechanisms include different levels of organization, from root-shoot signalling at the whole-plant level to specific biochemical responses at the subcellular level, such as reductions in photosynthesis and the consequent activation of photo- and antioxidant mechanisms in chloroplasts. Some recent studies clearly indicate that severe phosphorus deficiency can lead to alterations in the photosynthetic apparatus, including reductions in CO2 assimilation rates, a down-regulation of photosynthesis-related genes and photoinhibition at the photosystem II level, thus causing potential photo-oxidative stress. Photo-oxidative stress is characterized by an increased production of reactive oxygen species in chloroplasts, which at low concentrations can serve a signalling, protective role, but when present at high concentrations can cause damage to lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, thus leading to irreversible injuries. We discuss here the mechanisms that phosphate-starved plants have evolved to withstand photo-oxidative stress, including changes at the subcellular level (e.g. activation of photo- and antioxidant protection mechanisms in chloroplasts), cellular and tissular levels (e.g. activation of photorespiration and anthocyanin accumulation) and whole-plant level (alterations in source-sink relationships modulated by hormones). Of particular importance is the current evidence demonstrating that phosphate-starved plants activate simultaneous responses at multiple levels, from transcriptional changes to root-shoot signalling, to prevent oxidative damage. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the occurrence of photo-oxidative stress in phosphate-starved plants and highlight the mechanisms these plants have evolved to prevent oxidative damage under phosphorus limitation at the subcellular, cellular and whole-plant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Hernández
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Metabolic engineering of higher plants and algae for isoprenoid production. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 148:161-99. [PMID: 25636485 DOI: 10.1007/10_2014_290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Isoprenoids are a class of compounds derived from the five carbon precursors, dimethylallyl diphosphate, and isopentenyl diphosphate. These molecules present incredible natural chemical diversity, which can be valuable for humans in many aspects such as cosmetics, agriculture, and medicine. However, many terpenoids are only produced in small quantities by their natural hosts and can be difficult to generate synthetically. Therefore, much interest and effort has been directed toward capturing the genetic blueprint for their biochemistry and engineering it into alternative hosts such as plants and algae. These autotrophic organisms are attractive when compared to traditional microbial platforms because of their ability to utilize atmospheric CO2 as a carbon substrate instead of supplied carbon sources like glucose. This chapter will summarize important techniques and strategies for engineering the accumulation of isoprenoid metabolites into higher plants and algae by choosing the correct host, avoiding endogenous regulatory mechanisms, and optimizing potential flux into the target compound. Future endeavors will build on these efforts by fine-tuning product accumulation levels via the vast amount of available "-omic" data and devising metabolic engineering schemes that integrate this into a whole-organism approach. With the development of high-throughput transformation protocols and synthetic biology molecular tools, we have only begun to harness the power and utility of plant and algae metabolic engineering.
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27
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Häusler RE, Ludewig F, Krueger S. Amino acids--a life between metabolism and signaling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 229:225-237. [PMID: 25443849 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids serve as constituents of proteins, precursors for anabolism, and, in some cases, as signaling molecules in mammalians and plants. This review is focused on new insights, or speculations, on signaling functions of serine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and phenylalanine-derived phenylpropanoids. Serine acts as signal in brain tissue and mammalian cancer cells. In plants, de novo serine biosynthesis is also highly active in fast growing tissues such as meristems, suggesting a similar role of serine as in mammalians. GABA functions as inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. In plants, GABA is also abundant and seems to be involved in sexual reproduction, cell elongation, patterning and cell identity. The aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan are precursors for the production of secondary plant products. Besides their pharmaceutical value, lignans, neolignans and hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAA) deriving from phenylpropanoid metabolism and, in the case of HCAA, also from arginine have been shown to fulfill signaling functions or are involved in the response to biotic and abiotic stress. Although some basics on phenylpropanoid-derived signaling have been described, little is known on recognition- or signal transduction mechanisms. In general, mutant- and transgenic approaches will be helpful to elucidate the mechanistic basis of metabolite signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer E Häusler
- Department of Botany II, University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, Zülpicherstr. 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Frank Ludewig
- Department of Botany II, University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, Zülpicherstr. 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Krueger
- Department of Botany II, University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, Zülpicherstr. 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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28
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Harding SA, Xue LJ, Du L, Nyamdari B, Lindroth RL, Sykes R, Davis MF, Tsai CJ. Condensed tannin biosynthesis and polymerization synergistically condition carbon use, defense, sink strength and growth in Populus. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 34:1240-51. [PMID: 24336515 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpt097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The partitioning of carbon for growth, storage and constitutive chemical defenses is widely framed in terms of a hypothetical sink-source differential that varies with nutrient supply. According to this framework, phenolics accrual is passive and occurs in source leaves when normal sink growth is not sustainable due to a nutrient limitation. In assessing this framework, we present gene and metabolite evidence that condensed tannin (CT) accrual is strongest in sink leaves and sequesters carbon in a way that impinges upon foliar sink strength and upon phenolic glycoside (PG) accrual in Populus. The work was based on two Populus fremontii × angustifolia backcross lines with contrasting rates of CT accrual and growth, and equally large foliar PG reserves. However, foliar PG accrual was developmentally delayed in the high-CT, slow-growth line (SG), and nitrogen-limitation led to increased foliar PG accrual only in the low-CT, fast-growth line (FG). Metabolite profiling of developing leaves indicated comparatively carbon-limited amino acid metabolism, depletion of several Krebs cycle intermediates and reduced organ sink strength in SG. Gene profiling indicated that CT synthesis decreased as leaves expanded and PGs increased. A most striking finding was that the nitrogenous monoamine phenylethylamine accumulated only in leaves of SG plants. The potential negative impact of CT hyper-accumulation on foliar sink strength, as well as a mechanism for phenylethylamine involvement in CT polymerization in Populus are discussed. Starch accrual in source leaves and CT accrual in sink leaves of SG may both contribute to the maintenance of a slow-growth phenotype suited to survival in nutrient-poor habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Harding
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Liang-Jiao Xue
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lei Du
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA Present address: Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Batbayar Nyamdari
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Richard L Lindroth
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Robert Sykes
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Mark F Davis
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Chung-Jui Tsai
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Bouain N, Shahzad Z, Rouached A, Khan GA, Berthomieu P, Abdelly C, Poirier Y, Rouached H. Phosphate and zinc transport and signalling in plants: toward a better understanding of their homeostasis interaction. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:5725-41. [PMID: 25080087 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) and zinc (Zn) are two essential nutrients for plant growth. In soils, these two minerals are either present in low amounts or are poorly available to plants. Consequently, worldwide agriculture has become dependent on external sources of Pi and Zn fertilizers to increase crop yields. However, this strategy is neither economically nor ecologically sustainable in the long term, particularly for Pi, which is a non-renewable resource. To date, research has emphasized the analysis of mineral nutrition considering each nutrient individually, and showed that Pi and Zn homeostasis is highly regulated in a complex process. Interestingly, numerous observations point to an unexpected interconnection between the homeostasis of the two nutrients. Nevertheless, despite their fundamental importance, the molecular bases and biological significance of these interactions remain largely unknown. Such interconnections can account for shortcomings of current agronomic models that typically focus on improving the assimilation of individual elements. Here, current knowledge on the regulation of the transport and signalling of Pi and Zn individually is reviewed, and then insights are provided on the recent progress made towards a better understanding of the Zn-Pi homeostasis interaction in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bouain
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier SupAgro. Bat 7, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France Laboratoire Des Plantes Extrêmophile, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cédria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Zaigham Shahzad
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier SupAgro. Bat 7, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France
| | - Aida Rouached
- Laboratoire Des Plantes Extrêmophile, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cédria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Ghazanfar Abbas Khan
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire Végétale, Biophore, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Berthomieu
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier SupAgro. Bat 7, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France
| | - Chedly Abdelly
- Laboratoire Des Plantes Extrêmophile, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cédria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Yves Poirier
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire Végétale, Biophore, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hatem Rouached
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier SupAgro. Bat 7, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France
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Yoritsune KI, Higuchi Y, Matsuzawa T, Takegawa K. Functional analysis of putative phosphoenolpyruvate transporters localized to the Golgi apparatus inSchizosaccharomyces pombe. FEMS Yeast Res 2014; 14:1101-9. [DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Yoritsune
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Faculty of Agriculture; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yujiro Higuchi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Faculty of Agriculture; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Tomohiko Matsuzawa
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Faculty of Agriculture; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kaoru Takegawa
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Faculty of Agriculture; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
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Häusler RE, Heinrichs L, Schmitz J, Flügge UI. How sugars might coordinate chloroplast and nuclear gene expression during acclimation to high light intensities. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:1121-37. [PMID: 25006007 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The concept of retrograde control of nuclear gene expression assumes the generation of signals inside the chloroplasts, which are either released from or sensed inside of the organelle. In both cases, downstream signaling pathways lead eventually to a differential regulation of nuclear gene expression and the production of proteins required in the chloroplast. This concept appears reasonable as the majority of the over 3000 predicted plastidial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes. Hence, the nucleus needs information on the status of the chloroplasts, such as during acclimation responses, which trigger massive changes in the protein composition of the thylakoid membrane and in the stroma. Here, we propose an additional control mechanism of nuclear- and plastome-encoded photosynthesis genes, taking advantage of pathways involved in sugar- or hormonal signaling. Sugars are major end products of photosynthesis and their contents respond very sensitively to changes in light intensities. Based on recent findings, we ask the question as to whether the carbohydrate status outside the chloroplast can be directly sensed within the chloroplast stroma. Sugars might synchronize the responsiveness of both genomes and thereby help to coordinate the expression of plastome- and nuclear-encoded photosynthesis genes in concert with other, more specific retrograde signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer E Häusler
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstr. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Luisa Heinrichs
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstr. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jessica Schmitz
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstr. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany Present address: Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulf-Ingo Flügge
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstr. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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Characterization of the Plastidic Phosphate Translocators in the Inducible Crassulacean Acid Metabolism PlantMesembryanthemum crystallinum. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 77:1511-6. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Li J, Han D, Wang D, Ning K, Jia J, Wei L, Jing X, Huang S, Chen J, Li Y, Hu Q, Xu J. Choreography of Transcriptomes and Lipidomes of Nannochloropsis Reveals the Mechanisms of Oil Synthesis in Microalgae. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:1645-1665. [PMID: 24692423 PMCID: PMC4036577 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.121418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
To reveal the molecular mechanisms of oleaginousness in microalgae, transcriptomic and lipidomic dynamics of the oleaginous microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica IMET1 under nitrogen-replete (N+) and N-depleted (N-) conditions were simultaneously tracked. At the transcript level, enhanced triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis under N- conditions primarily involved upregulation of seven putative diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) genes and downregulation of six other DGAT genes, with a simultaneous elevation of the other Kennedy pathway genes. Under N- conditions, despite downregulation of most de novo fatty acid synthesis genes, the pathways that shunt carbon precursors from protein and carbohydrate metabolic pathways into glycerolipid synthesis were stimulated at the transcript level. In particular, the genes involved in supplying carbon precursors and energy for de novo fatty acid synthesis, including those encoding components of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC), glycolysis, and PDHC bypass, and suites of specific transporters, were substantially upregulated under N- conditions, resulting in increased overall TAG production. Moreover, genes involved in the citric acid cycle and β-oxidation in mitochondria were greatly enhanced to utilize the carbon skeletons derived from membrane lipids and proteins to produce additional TAG or its precursors. This temporal and spatial regulation model of oil accumulation in microalgae provides a basis for improving our understanding of TAG synthesis in microalgae and will also enable more rational genetic engineering of TAG production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Danxiang Han
- Laboratory for Algae Research and Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona 85212
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Kang Ning
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Wei
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jing
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Shi Huang
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
| | - Yantao Li
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science and University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21202
| | - Qiang Hu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266101, China
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Staehr P, Löttgert T, Christmann A, Krueger S, Rosar C, Rolčík J, Novák O, Strnad M, Bell K, Weber APM, Flügge UI, Häusler RE. Reticulate leaves and stunted roots are independent phenotypes pointing at opposite roles of the phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator defective in cue1 in the plastids of both organs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:126. [PMID: 24782872 PMCID: PMC3986533 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) serves not only as a high energy carbon compound in glycolysis, but it acts also as precursor for plastidial anabolic sequences like the shikimate pathway, which produces aromatic amino acids (AAA) and subsequently secondary plant products. After conversion to pyruvate, PEP can also enter de novo fatty acid biosynthesis, the synthesis of branched-chain amino acids, and the non-mevalonate way of isoprenoid production. As PEP cannot be generated by glycolysis in chloroplasts and a variety of non-green plastids, it has to be imported from the cytosol by a phosphate translocator (PT) specific for PEP (PPT). A loss of function of PPT1 in Arabidopsis thaliana results in the chlorophyll a/b binding protein underexpressed1 (cue1) mutant, which is characterized by reticulate leaves and stunted roots. Here we dissect the shoot- and root phenotypes, and also address the question whether or not long distance signaling by metabolites is involved in the perturbed mesophyll development of cue1. Reverse grafting experiments showed that the shoot- and root phenotypes develop independently from each other, ruling out long distance metabolite signaling. The leaf phenotype could be transiently modified even in mature leaves, e.g. by an inducible PPT1RNAi approach or by feeding AAA, the cytokinin trans-zeatin (tZ), or the putative signaling molecule dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol glucoside (DCG). Hormones, such as auxins, abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, ethylene, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid did not rescue the cue1 leaf phenotype. The low cell density1 (lcd1) mutant shares the reticulate leaf-, but not the stunted root phenotype with cue1. It could neither be rescued by AAA nor by tZ. In contrast, tZ and AAA further inhibited root growth both in cue1 and wild-type plants. Based on our results, we propose a model that PPT1 acts as a net importer of PEP into chloroplast, but as an overflow valve and hence exporter in root plastids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Staehr
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of CologneCologne, Germany
- Lophius BiosciencesRegensburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Löttgert
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of CologneCologne, Germany
- Quintiles GmbHNeu-Isenburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Christmann
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität MünchenMunich, Germany
| | - Stephan Krueger
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Christian Rosar
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Heinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jakub Rolčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Palacký UniversityOlumouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Palacký UniversityOlumouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Palacký UniversityOlumouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kirsten Bell
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Andreas P. M. Weber
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Heinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant SciencesDüsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulf-Ingo Flügge
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of CologneCologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant SciencesDüsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rainer E. Häusler
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of CologneCologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: Rainer E. Häusler, Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstr. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany e-mail:
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35
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Banerjee A, Sharkey TD. Methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway metabolic regulation. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:1043-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np70124g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway provides precursors for isoprenoids in bacteria, some eukaryotic parasites, and chloroplasts of plants. Metabolic regulatory mechanisms control flux through the pathway and the concentration of a central intermediate, methylerythritol cyclodiphosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Michigan State University
- East Lansing, 48824 USA
| | - T. D. Sharkey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Michigan State University
- East Lansing, 48824 USA
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36
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Beurton-Aimar M, Nguyen TVN, Colombié S. Metabolic network reconstruction and their topological analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1090:19-38. [PMID: 24222407 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-688-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This chapter focuses on the way to build a metabolic network and how to analyze its structure. The first part of this chapter describes the methods of the network model reconstruction from biochemical data found in specialized databases and/or literature. The second part deals with metabolic pathway analysis as a useful tool for better understanding the complex architecture of intracellular metabolism. The graph analysis and the stoichiometric network analysis are important approaches for understanding the network topology and consequently the function of metabolic networks. Among the methods presented, the Elementary Flux Modes analysis will be more detailed. Finally, we illustrate in this chapter an example of network reconstruction from heterotrophic plant cells metabolism and its topological analysis leading to a huge number of Elementary Flux Modes.
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37
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Lundquist PK, Rosar C, Bräutigam A, Weber APM. Plastid signals and the bundle sheath: mesophyll development in reticulate mutants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:14-29. [PMID: 24046062 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sst133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of a plant leaf is a meticulously orchestrated sequence of events producing a complex organ comprising diverse cell types. The reticulate class of leaf variegation mutants displays contrasting pigmentation between veins and interveinal regions due to specific aberrations in the development of mesophyll cells. Thus, the reticulate mutants offer a potent tool to investigate cell-type-specific developmental processes. The discovery that most mutants are affected in plastid-localized, metabolic pathways that are strongly expressed in vasculature-associated tissues implicates a crucial role for the bundle sheath and their chloroplasts in proper development of the mesophyll cells. Here, we review the reticulate mutants and their phenotypic characteristics, with a focus on those in Arabidopsis thaliana. Two alternative models have been put forward to explain the relationship between plastid metabolism and mesophyll cell development, which we call here the supply and the signaling hypotheses. We critically assess these proposed models and discuss their implications for leaf development and bundle sheath function in C3 species. The characterization of the reticulate mutants supports the significance of plastid retrograde signaling in cell development and highlights the significance of the bundle sheath in C3 photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Lundquist
- Institute for Plant Biochemistry and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Ferrández-Ayela A, Micol-Ponce R, Sánchez-García AB, Alonso-Peral MM, Micol JL, Ponce MR. Mutation of an Arabidopsis NatB N-alpha-terminal acetylation complex component causes pleiotropic developmental defects. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80697. [PMID: 24244708 PMCID: PMC3828409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
N-α-terminal acetylation is one of the most common, but least understood modifications of eukaryotic proteins. Although a high degree of conservation exists between the N-α-terminal acetylomes of plants and animals, very little information is available on this modification in plants. In yeast and humans, N-α-acetyltransferase complexes include a single catalytic subunit and one or two auxiliary subunits. Here, we report the positional cloning of TRANSCURVATA2 (TCU2), which encodes the auxiliary subunit of the NatB N-α-acetyltransferase complex in Arabidopsis. The phenotypes of loss-of-function tcu2 alleles indicate that NatB complex activity is required for flowering time regulation and for leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and embryonic development. In double mutants, tcu2 alleles synergistically interact with alleles of ARGONAUTE10, which encodes a component of the microRNA machinery. In summary, NatB-mediated N-α-terminal acetylation of proteins is pleiotropically required for Arabidopsis development and seems to be functionally related to the microRNA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Micol-Ponce
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | | | | | - José Luis Micol
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - María Rosa Ponce
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, Elche, Spain
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Cloning, Expression and Characterization of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Transketolase. Protein J 2013; 32:551-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-013-9516-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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Pérez-Pérez JM, Esteve-Bruna D, González-Bayón R, Kangasjärvi S, Caldana C, Hannah MA, Willmitzer L, Ponce MR, Micol JL. Functional Redundancy and Divergence within the Arabidopsis RETICULATA-RELATED Gene Family. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 162:589-603. [PMID: 23596191 PMCID: PMC3668055 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.217323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A number of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants exhibit leaf reticulation, having green veins that stand out against paler interveinal tissues, fewer cells in the interveinal mesophyll, and normal perivascular bundle sheath cells. Here, to examine the basis of leaf reticulation, we analyzed the Arabidopsis RETICULATA-RELATED (RER) gene family, several members of which cause leaf reticulation when mutated. Although transcripts of RE, RER1, and RER3 were mainly detected in the bundle sheath cells of expanded leaves, functional RER3:GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN was visualized in the chloroplast membranes of all photosynthetic cells. Leaf reticulation in the re and rer3 loss-of-function mutants occurred, along with accumulation of reactive oxygen species, in a photoperiod-dependent manner. A comparison of re and rer3 leaf messenger RNA expression profiles showed more than 200 genes were similarly misexpressed in both mutants. In addition, metabolic profiles of mature leaves revealed that several biosynthetic pathways downstream of pyruvate are altered in re and rer3. Double mutant analysis showed that only re rer1 and rer5 rer6 exhibited synergistic phenotypes, indicating functional redundancy. The redundancy between RE and its closest paralog, RER1, was confirmed by overexpressing RER1 in re mutants, which partially suppressed leaf reticulation. Our results show that RER family members can be divided into four functional modules with divergent functions. Moreover, these results provide insights into the origin of the reticulated phenotype, suggesting that the RER proteins functionally interconnect photoperiodic growth, amino acid homeostasis, and reactive oxygen species metabolism during Arabidopsis leaf growth.
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Fuchs J, Neuberger T, Rolletschek H, Schiebold S, Nguyen TH, Borisjuk N, Börner A, Melkus G, Jakob P, Borisjuk L. A noninvasive platform for imaging and quantifying oil storage in submillimeter tobacco seed. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:583-93. [PMID: 23232144 PMCID: PMC3561005 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.210062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
While often thought of as a smoking drug, tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) is now considered as a plant of choice for molecular farming and biofuel production. Here, we describe a noninvasive means of deriving both the distribution of lipid and the microtopology of the submillimeter tobacco seed, founded on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology. Our platform enables counting of seeds inside the intact tobacco capsule to measure seed sizes, to model the seed interior in three dimensions, to quantify the lipid content, and to visualize lipid gradients. Hundreds of seeds can be simultaneously imaged at an isotropic resolution of 25 µm, sufficient to assess each individual seed. The relative contributions of the embryo and the endosperm to both seed size and total lipid content could be assessed. The extension of the platform to a range of wild and cultivated Nicotiana species demonstrated certain evolutionary trends in both seed topology and pattern of lipid storage. The NMR analysis of transgenic tobacco plants with seed-specific ectopic expression of the plastidial phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator, displayed a trade off between seed size and oil concentration. The NMR-based assay of seed lipid content and topology has a number of potential applications, in particular providing a means to test and optimize transgenic strategies aimed at the manipulation of seed size, seed number, and lipid content in tobacco and other species with submillimeter seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Fuchs
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (J.F., H.R., S.S., A.B., L.B.); University of Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Physics 5, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.F., P.J.); The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (T.N.); Microbiologist (Atlanta Research and Education Foundation) Molecular Epidemiology Team, Influenza Division/National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 (T.H.N.); Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 (N.B.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94107 (G.M.); and Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (P.J.)
| | - Thomas Neuberger
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (J.F., H.R., S.S., A.B., L.B.); University of Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Physics 5, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.F., P.J.); The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (T.N.); Microbiologist (Atlanta Research and Education Foundation) Molecular Epidemiology Team, Influenza Division/National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 (T.H.N.); Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 (N.B.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94107 (G.M.); and Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (P.J.)
| | - Hardy Rolletschek
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (J.F., H.R., S.S., A.B., L.B.); University of Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Physics 5, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.F., P.J.); The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (T.N.); Microbiologist (Atlanta Research and Education Foundation) Molecular Epidemiology Team, Influenza Division/National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 (T.H.N.); Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 (N.B.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94107 (G.M.); and Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (P.J.)
| | - Silke Schiebold
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (J.F., H.R., S.S., A.B., L.B.); University of Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Physics 5, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.F., P.J.); The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (T.N.); Microbiologist (Atlanta Research and Education Foundation) Molecular Epidemiology Team, Influenza Division/National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 (T.H.N.); Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 (N.B.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94107 (G.M.); and Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (P.J.)
| | - Thuy Ha Nguyen
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (J.F., H.R., S.S., A.B., L.B.); University of Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Physics 5, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.F., P.J.); The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (T.N.); Microbiologist (Atlanta Research and Education Foundation) Molecular Epidemiology Team, Influenza Division/National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 (T.H.N.); Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 (N.B.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94107 (G.M.); and Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (P.J.)
| | - Nikolai Borisjuk
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (J.F., H.R., S.S., A.B., L.B.); University of Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Physics 5, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.F., P.J.); The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (T.N.); Microbiologist (Atlanta Research and Education Foundation) Molecular Epidemiology Team, Influenza Division/National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 (T.H.N.); Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 (N.B.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94107 (G.M.); and Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (P.J.)
| | - Andreas Börner
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (J.F., H.R., S.S., A.B., L.B.); University of Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Physics 5, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.F., P.J.); The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (T.N.); Microbiologist (Atlanta Research and Education Foundation) Molecular Epidemiology Team, Influenza Division/National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 (T.H.N.); Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 (N.B.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94107 (G.M.); and Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (P.J.)
| | - Gerd Melkus
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (J.F., H.R., S.S., A.B., L.B.); University of Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Physics 5, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.F., P.J.); The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (T.N.); Microbiologist (Atlanta Research and Education Foundation) Molecular Epidemiology Team, Influenza Division/National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 (T.H.N.); Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 (N.B.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94107 (G.M.); and Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (P.J.)
| | - Peter Jakob
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (J.F., H.R., S.S., A.B., L.B.); University of Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Physics 5, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.F., P.J.); The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (T.N.); Microbiologist (Atlanta Research and Education Foundation) Molecular Epidemiology Team, Influenza Division/National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 (T.H.N.); Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 (N.B.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94107 (G.M.); and Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (P.J.)
| | - Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany (J.F., H.R., S.S., A.B., L.B.); University of Würzburg, Institute of Experimental Physics 5, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (J.F., P.J.); The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences and Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (T.N.); Microbiologist (Atlanta Research and Education Foundation) Molecular Epidemiology Team, Influenza Division/National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333 (T.H.N.); Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 (N.B.); Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California 94107 (G.M.); and Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany (P.J.)
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Facchinelli F, Pribil M, Oster U, Ebert NJ, Bhattacharya D, Leister D, Weber APM. Proteomic analysis of the Cyanophora paradoxa muroplast provides clues on early events in plastid endosymbiosis. PLANTA 2013; 237:637-51. [PMID: 23212214 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1819-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Glaucophytes represent the first lineage of photosynthetic eukaryotes of primary endosymbiotic origin that diverged after plastid establishment. The muroplast of Cyanophora paradoxa represents a primitive plastid that resembles its cyanobacterial ancestor in pigment composition and the presence of a peptidoglycan wall. To attain insights into the evolutionary history of cyanobiont integration and plastid development, it would thus be highly desirable to obtain knowledge on the composition of the glaucophyte plastid proteome. Here, we provide the first proteomic analysis of the muroplast of C. paradoxa. Mass spectrometric analysis of the muroplast proteome identified 510 proteins with high confidence. The protein repertoire of the muroplast revealed novel paths for reduced carbon flow and export to the cytosol through a sugar phosphate transporter of chlamydial origin. We propose that C. paradoxa possesses a primordial plastid mirroring the situation in the early protoalga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Facchinelli
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Ludewig F, Flügge UI. Role of metabolite transporters in source-sink carbon allocation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:231. [PMID: 23847636 PMCID: PMC3698459 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants assimilate carbon dioxide during photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Assimilated carbon is subsequently allocated throughout the plant. Generally, two types of organs can be distinguished, mature green source leaves as net photoassimilate exporters, and net importers, the sinks, e.g., roots, flowers, small leaves, and storage organs like tubers. Within these organs, different tissue types developed according to their respective function, and cells of either tissue type are highly compartmentalized. Photoassimilates are allocated to distinct compartments of these tissues in all organs, requiring a set of metabolite transporters mediating this intercompartmental transfer. The general route of photoassimilates can be briefly described as follows. Upon fixation of carbon dioxide in chloroplasts of mesophyll cells, triose phosphates either enter the cytosol for mainly sucrose formation or remain in the stroma to form transiently stored starch which is degraded during the night and enters the cytosol as maltose or glucose to be further metabolized to sucrose. In both cases, sucrose enters the phloem for long distance transport or is transiently stored in the vacuole, or can be degraded to hexoses which also can be stored in the vacuole. In the majority of plant species, sucrose is actively loaded into the phloem via the apoplast. Following long distance transport, it is released into sink organs, where it enters cells as source of carbon and energy. In storage organs, sucrose can be stored, or carbon derived from sucrose can be stored as starch in plastids, or as oil in oil bodies, or - in combination with nitrogen - as protein in protein storage vacuoles and protein bodies. Here, we focus on transport proteins known for either of these steps, and discuss the implications for yield increase in plants upon genetic engineering of respective transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Ludewig
- *Correspondence: Frank Ludewig, Botanical Institute II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany e-mail:
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Hassler S, Lemke L, Jung B, Möhlmann T, Krüger F, Schumacher K, Espen L, Martinoia E, Neuhaus HE. Lack of the Golgi phosphate transporter PHT4;6 causes strong developmental defects, constitutively activated disease resistance mechanisms and altered intracellular phosphate compartmentation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 72:732-44. [PMID: 22788523 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.05106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The Golgi-located phosphate exporter PHT4;6 has been described as involved in salt tolerance but further analysis on the physiological impact of PHT4;6 remained elusive. Here we show that PHT4;6-GFP is targeted to the trans-Golgi compartment and that loss of function of this carrier protein has a dramatic impact on plant growth and development. Knockout mutants of pht4;6 exhibit a dwarf phenotype that is complemented by the homologous gene from rice (Oryza sativa). Interestingly, pht4;6 mutants show altered characteristics of several Golgi-related functions, such as an altered abundance of certain N-glycosylated proteins, altered composition of cell-wall hemicelluose, and higher sensitivity to the Golgi α-mannosidase and the retrograde transport inhibitors kifunensine and brefeldin A, respectively. Moreover, pht4;6 mutants exhibit a 'mimic disease' phenotype accompanied by constitutively activated pathogen defense mechanisms and increased resistance against the virulent Pseudomonas syringae strain DC3000. Surprisingly, pht4;6 mutants also exhibit phosphate starvation symptoms, as revealed at the morphological and molecular level, although total Pi levels in wild-type and pht4;6 plants are similar. This suggested that subcellular Pi compartmentation was impaired. By use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), increased Pi concentration was detected in acidic compartments of pht4;6 mutants. We propose that impaired Pi efflux from the trans-Golgi lumen results in accumulation of inorganic phosphate in other internal compartments, leading to low cytoplasmic phosphate levels with detrimental effects on plant performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hassler
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin Schrödinger Straße, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Jonik C, Sonnewald U, Hajirezaei MR, Flügge UI, Ludewig F. Simultaneous boosting of source and sink capacities doubles tuber starch yield of potato plants. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2012; 10:1088-98. [PMID: 22931170 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2012.00736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
An important goal in biotechnological research is to improve the yield of crop plants. Here, we genetically modified simultaneously source and sink capacities in potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. Desirée) plants to improve starch yield. Source capacity was increased by mesophyll-specific overexpression of a pyrophosphatase or, alternatively, by antisense expression of the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in leaves. Both approaches make use of re-routing photoassimilates to sink organs at the expense of leaf starch accumulation. Simultaneous increase in sink capacity was accomplished by overexpression of two plastidic metabolite translocators, that is, a glucose 6-phosphate/phosphate translocator and an adenylate translocator in tubers. Employing such a 'pull' approach, we have previously shown that potato starch content and yield can be increased when sink strength is elevated. In the current biotechnological approach, we successfully enhanced source and sink capacities by a combination of 'pull' and 'push' approaches using two different attempts. A doubling in tuber starch yield was achieved. This successful approach might be transferable to other crop plants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Jonik
- Cologne Biocenter, Botanical Institute II, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Rosar C, Kanonenberg K, Nanda AM, Mielewczik M, Bräutigam A, Novák O, Strnad M, Walter A, Weber APM. The leaf reticulate mutant dov1 is impaired in the first step of purine metabolism. MOLECULAR PLANT 2012; 5:1227-41. [PMID: 22532604 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sss045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A series of reticulated Arabidopsis thaliana mutants were previously described. All mutants show a reticulate leaf pattern, namely green veins on a pale leaf lamina. They have an aberrant mesophyll structure but an intact layer of bundle sheath cells around the veins. Here, we unravel the function of the previously described reticulated EMS-mutant dov1 (differential development of vascular associated cells 1). By positional cloning, we identified the mutated gene, which encodes glutamine phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate aminotransferase 2 (ATase2), an enzyme catalyzing the first step of purine nucleotide biosynthesis. dov1 is allelic to the previously characterized cia1-2 mutant that was isolated in a screen for mutants with impaired chloroplast protein import. We show that purine-derived total cytokinins are lowered in dov1 and crosses with phytohormone reporter lines revealed differential reporter activity patterns in dov1. Metabolite profiling unraveled that amino acids that are involved in purine biosynthesis are increased in dov1. This study identified the molecular basis of an established mutant line, which has the potential for further investigation of the interaction between metabolism and leaf development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rosar
- Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Barsan C, Zouine M, Maza E, Bian W, Egea I, Rossignol M, Bouyssie D, Pichereaux C, Purgatto E, Bouzayen M, Latché A, Pech JC. Proteomic analysis of chloroplast-to-chromoplast transition in tomato reveals metabolic shifts coupled with disrupted thylakoid biogenesis machinery and elevated energy-production components. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:708-25. [PMID: 22908117 PMCID: PMC3461550 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.203679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A comparative proteomic approach was performed to identify differentially expressed proteins in plastids at three stages of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening (mature-green, breaker, red). Stringent curation and processing of the data from three independent replicates identified 1,932 proteins among which 1,529 were quantified by spectral counting. The quantification procedures have been subsequently validated by immunoblot analysis of six proteins representative of distinct metabolic or regulatory pathways. Among the main features of the chloroplast-to-chromoplast transition revealed by the study, chromoplastogenesis appears to be associated with major metabolic shifts: (1) strong decrease in abundance of proteins of light reactions (photosynthesis, Calvin cycle, photorespiration) and carbohydrate metabolism (starch synthesis/degradation), mostly between breaker and red stages and (2) increase in terpenoid biosynthesis (including carotenoids) and stress-response proteins (ascorbate-glutathione cycle, abiotic stress, redox, heat shock). These metabolic shifts are preceded by the accumulation of plastid-encoded acetyl Coenzyme A carboxylase D proteins accounting for the generation of a storage matrix that will accumulate carotenoids. Of particular note is the high abundance of proteins involved in providing energy and in metabolites import. Structural differentiation of the chromoplast is characterized by a sharp and continuous decrease of thylakoid proteins whereas envelope and stroma proteins remain remarkably stable. This is coincident with the disruption of the machinery for thylakoids and photosystem biogenesis (vesicular trafficking, provision of material for thylakoid biosynthesis, photosystems assembly) and the loss of the plastid division machinery. Altogether, the data provide new insights on the chromoplast differentiation process while enriching our knowledge of the plant plastid proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Isabel Egea
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Fédération de Recherche 3450, Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversités, Plateforme Protéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F–31077 Toulouse, France (M.R., C.P.); Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse F–31077, France (M.R., D.B., C.P.); and Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Depto. de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, 05508–000 São Paulo, Brazil (E.P.)
| | - Michel Rossignol
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Fédération de Recherche 3450, Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversités, Plateforme Protéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F–31077 Toulouse, France (M.R., C.P.); Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse F–31077, France (M.R., D.B., C.P.); and Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Depto. de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, 05508–000 São Paulo, Brazil (E.P.)
| | - David Bouyssie
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Fédération de Recherche 3450, Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversités, Plateforme Protéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F–31077 Toulouse, France (M.R., C.P.); Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse F–31077, France (M.R., D.B., C.P.); and Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Depto. de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, 05508–000 São Paulo, Brazil (E.P.)
| | - Carole Pichereaux
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Fédération de Recherche 3450, Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversités, Plateforme Protéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F–31077 Toulouse, France (M.R., C.P.); Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse F–31077, France (M.R., D.B., C.P.); and Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Depto. de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, 05508–000 São Paulo, Brazil (E.P.)
| | - Eduardo Purgatto
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Fédération de Recherche 3450, Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversités, Plateforme Protéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F–31077 Toulouse, France (M.R., C.P.); Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse F–31077, France (M.R., D.B., C.P.); and Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Depto. de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, 05508–000 São Paulo, Brazil (E.P.)
| | - Mondher Bouzayen
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Fédération de Recherche 3450, Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversités, Plateforme Protéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F–31077 Toulouse, France (M.R., C.P.); Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse F–31077, France (M.R., D.B., C.P.); and Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Depto. de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, 05508–000 São Paulo, Brazil (E.P.)
| | - Alain Latché
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Fédération de Recherche 3450, Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversités, Plateforme Protéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F–31077 Toulouse, France (M.R., C.P.); Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse F–31077, France (M.R., D.B., C.P.); and Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Depto. de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, 05508–000 São Paulo, Brazil (E.P.)
| | - Jean-Claude Pech
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Chemin de Borde Rouge, Castanet-Tolosan F–31326, France (C.B., M.Z., E.M., W.B., I.E., M.B., A.L., J.-C.P.); Fédération de Recherche 3450, Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversités, Plateforme Protéomique Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F–31077 Toulouse, France (M.R., C.P.); Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse F–31077, France (M.R., D.B., C.P.); and Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Depto. de Alimentos e Nutrição Experimental, 05508–000 São Paulo, Brazil (E.P.)
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Haferkamp I, Linka N. Functional expression and characterisation of membrane transport proteins. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2012; 14:675-90. [PMID: 22639981 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00591.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Membrane transporters set the framework organising the complexity of plant metabolism in cells, tissues and organisms. Their substrate specificity and controlled activity in different cells is a crucial part for plant metabolism to run pathways in concert. Transport proteins catalyse the uptake and exchange of ions, substrates, intermediates, products and cofactors across membranes. Given the large number of metabolites, a wide spectrum of transporters is required. The vast majority of in silico annotated membrane transporters in plant genomes, however, has not yet been functionally characterised. Hence, to understand the metabolic network as a whole, it is important to understand how transporters connect and control the metabolic pathways of plant cells. Heterologous expression and in vitro activity studies of recombinant transport proteins have highly improved their functional analysis in the last two decades. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in membrane protein expression and functional characterisation using various host systems and transport assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Haferkamp
- Plant Physiology, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - N Linka
- Plant Physiology, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Ren F, Guo QQ, Chang LL, Chen L, Zhao CZ, Zhong H, Li XB. Brassica napus PHR1 gene encoding a MYB-like protein functions in response to phosphate starvation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44005. [PMID: 22952851 PMCID: PMC3430610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential nutrient elements for plant development. In this work, BnPHR1 encoding a MYB transcription activator was isolated from Brassica napus. The characterization of nuclear localization and transcription activation ability suggest BnPHR1 is a transcriptional activator. The tissue expression and histochemical assay showed that BnPHR1 was predominantly expressed in roots and modulated by exogenous Pi in transcriptional level in roots under Pi deficiency conditions. Furthermore, overexpression of BnPHR1 in both Arabidopsis and B. napus remarkably enhanced the expression of the Pi-starvation-induced genes including ATPT2 and BnPT2 encoding the high-affinity Pi transporter. Additionally, BnPHR1 can in vivo bind the promoter sequence of ATPT2 and BnPT2 in both Arabidopsis and B. napus. Possibly, due to the activation of ATPT2 and BnPT2, or even more high-affinity Pi transporters, the excessive Pi was accumulated in transgenic plants, resulting in the crucially Pi toxicity to cells and subsequently retarding plant growth. Given the data together, BnPHR1, as crucial regulator, is regulated by exogenous Pi and directly activates those genes, which promote the uptake and homeostasis of Pi for plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian-Qian Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Li Chang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cai-Zhi Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Bao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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Trowbridge AM, Asensio D, Eller ASD, Way DA, Wilkinson MJ, Schnitzler JP, Jackson RB, Monson RK. Contribution of various carbon sources toward isoprene biosynthesis in poplar leaves mediated by altered atmospheric CO2 concentrations. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32387. [PMID: 22384238 PMCID: PMC3285681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogenically released isoprene plays important roles in both tropospheric photochemistry and plant metabolism. We performed a (13)CO(2)-labeling study using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) to examine the kinetics of recently assimilated photosynthate into isoprene emitted from poplar (Populus × canescens) trees grown and measured at different atmospheric CO(2) concentrations. This is the first study to explicitly consider the effects of altered atmospheric CO(2) concentration on carbon partitioning to isoprene biosynthesis. We studied changes in the proportion of labeled carbon as a function of time in two mass fragments, M41(+), which represents, in part, substrate derived from pyruvate, and M69(+), which represents the whole unlabeled isoprene molecule. We observed a trend of slower (13)C incorporation into isoprene carbon derived from pyruvate, consistent with the previously hypothesized origin of chloroplastic pyruvate from cytosolic phosphenolpyruvate (PEP). Trees grown under sub-ambient CO(2) (190 ppmv) had rates of isoprene emission and rates of labeling of M41(+) and M69(+) that were nearly twice those observed in trees grown under elevated CO(2) (590 ppmv). However, they also demonstrated the lowest proportion of completely labeled isoprene molecules. These results suggest that under reduced atmospheric CO(2) availability, more carbon from stored/older carbon sources is involved in isoprene biosynthesis, and this carbon most likely enters the isoprene biosynthesis pathway through the pyruvate substrate. We offer direct evidence that extra-chloroplastic rather than chloroplastic carbon sources are mobilized to increase the availability of pyruvate required to up-regulate the isoprene biosynthesis pathway when trees are grown under sub-ambient CO(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Trowbridge
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America.
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