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Barty CPJ, Algots JM, Amador AJ, Barty JCR, Betts SM, Casteñada MA, Chu MM, Daley ME, De Luna Lopez RA, Diviak DA, Effarah HH, Feliciano R, Garcia A, Grabiel KJ, Griffin AS, Hartemann FV, Heid L, Hwang Y, Imeshev G, Jentschel M, Johnson CA, Kinosian KW, Lagzda A, Lochrie RJ, May MW, Molina E, Nagel CL, Nagel HJ, Peirce KR, Peirce ZR, Quiñonez ME, Raksi F, Ranganath K, Reutershan T, Salazar J, Schneider ME, Seggebruch MWL, Yang JY, Yeung NH, Zapata CB, Zapata LE, Zepeda EJ, Zhang J. Design, Construction, and Test of Compact, Distributed-Charge, X-Band Accelerator Systems that Enable Image-Guided, VHEE FLASH Radiotherapy. ARXIV 2024:arXiv:2408.04082v1. [PMID: 39148931 PMCID: PMC11326425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The design and optimization of laser-Compton x-ray systems based on compact distributed charge accelerator structures can enable micron-scale imaging of disease and the concomitant production of beams of Very High Energy Electrons (VHEEs) capable of producing FLASH-relevant dose rates. The physics of laser-Compton x-ray scattering ensures that the scattered x-rays follow exactly the trajectory of the incident electrons, thus providing a route to image-guided, VHEE FLASH radiotherapy. The keys to a compact architecture capable of producing both laser-Compton x-rays and VHEEs are the use of X-band RF accelerator structures which have been demonstrated to operate with over 100 MeV/m acceleration gradients. The operation of these structures in a distributed charge mode in which each radiofrequency (RF) cycle of the drive RF pulse is filled with a low-charge, high-brightness electron bunch is enabled by the illumination of a high-brightness photogun with a train of UV laser pulses synchronized to the frequency of the underlying accelerator system. The UV pulse trains are created by a patented pulse synthesis approach which utilizes the RF clock of the accelerator to phase and amplitude modulate a narrow band continuous wave (CW) seed laser. In this way it is possible to produce up to 10 μA of average beam current from the accelerator. Such high current from a compact accelerator enables production of sufficient x-rays via laser-Compton scattering for clinical imaging and does so from a machine of "clinical" footprint. At the same time, the production of 1000 or greater individual micro-bunches per RF pulse enables > 10 nC of charge to be produced in a macrobunch of < 100 ns. The design, construction, and test of the 100-MeV class prototype system in Irvine, CA is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. J. Barty
- Lumitron Technologies, Inc., Irvine, CA, United States
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Haytham H. Effarah
- Lumitron Technologies, Inc., Irvine, CA, United States
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | | | - Adan Garcia
- Lumitron Technologies, Inc., Irvine, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Leslie Heid
- Lumitron Technologies, Inc., Irvine, CA, United States
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Yoonwoo Hwang
- Lumitron Technologies, Inc., Irvine, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Agnese Lagzda
- Lumitron Technologies, Inc., Irvine, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ferenc Raksi
- Lumitron Technologies, Inc., Irvine, CA, United States
| | | | - Trevor Reutershan
- Lumitron Technologies, Inc., Irvine, CA, United States
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Michael W. L. Seggebruch
- Lumitron Technologies, Inc., Irvine, CA, United States
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Joy Y. Yang
- Lumitron Technologies, Inc., Irvine, CA, United States
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Schaff F, Jud C, Dierolf M, Günther B, Achterhold K, Gleich B, Sauter A, Woertler K, Thalhammer J, Meurer F, Neumann J, Pfeiffer F, Pfeiffer D. Feasibility of Dark-Field Radiography to Enhance Detection of Nondisplaced Fractures. Radiology 2024; 311:e231921. [PMID: 38805732 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.231921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Background Many clinically relevant fractures are occult on conventional radiographs and therefore challenging to diagnose reliably. X-ray dark-field radiography is a developing method that uses x-ray scattering as an additional signal source. Purpose To investigate whether x-ray dark-field radiography enhances the depiction of radiographically occult fractures in an experimental model compared with attenuation-based radiography alone and whether the directional dependence of dark-field signal impacts observer ratings. Materials and Methods Four porcine loin ribs had nondisplaced fractures experimentally introduced. Microstructural changes were visually verified using high-spatial-resolution three-dimensional micro-CT. X-ray dark-field radiographs were obtained before and after fracture, with the before-fracture scans serving as control images. The presence of a fracture was scored by three observers using a six-point scale (6, surely; 5, very likely; 4, likely; 3, unlikely; 2, very unlikely; and 1, certainly not). Differences between scores based on attenuation radiographs alone (n = 96) and based on combined attenuation and dark-field radiographs (n = 96) were evaluated by using the DeLong method to compare areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The impact of the dark-field signal directional sensitivity on observer ratings was evaluated using the Wilcoxon test. The dark-field data were split into four groups (24 images per group) according to their sensitivity orientation and tested against each other. Musculoskeletal dark-field radiography was further demonstrated on human finger and foot specimens. Results The addition of dark-field radiographs was found to increase the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve to 1 compared with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.94) using attenuation-based radiographs alone (P < .001). There were similar observer ratings for the four different dark-field sensitivity orientations (P = .16-.65 between the groups). Conclusion These results suggested that the inclusion of dark-field radiography has the potential to help enhance the detection of nondisplaced fractures compared with attenuation-based radiography alone. © RSNA, 2024 See also the editorial by Rubin in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schaff
- From the Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany (B. Günther); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (A.S., K.W., J.T., F.M., J.N., F.P., D.P.) and Musculoskeletal Radiology Section (K.W.), TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (J.T., F.P., D.P.)
| | - Christoph Jud
- From the Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany (B. Günther); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (A.S., K.W., J.T., F.M., J.N., F.P., D.P.) and Musculoskeletal Radiology Section (K.W.), TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (J.T., F.P., D.P.)
| | - Martin Dierolf
- From the Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany (B. Günther); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (A.S., K.W., J.T., F.M., J.N., F.P., D.P.) and Musculoskeletal Radiology Section (K.W.), TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (J.T., F.P., D.P.)
| | - Benedikt Günther
- From the Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany (B. Günther); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (A.S., K.W., J.T., F.M., J.N., F.P., D.P.) and Musculoskeletal Radiology Section (K.W.), TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (J.T., F.P., D.P.)
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- From the Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany (B. Günther); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (A.S., K.W., J.T., F.M., J.N., F.P., D.P.) and Musculoskeletal Radiology Section (K.W.), TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (J.T., F.P., D.P.)
| | - Bernhard Gleich
- From the Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany (B. Günther); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (A.S., K.W., J.T., F.M., J.N., F.P., D.P.) and Musculoskeletal Radiology Section (K.W.), TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (J.T., F.P., D.P.)
| | - Andreas Sauter
- From the Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany (B. Günther); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (A.S., K.W., J.T., F.M., J.N., F.P., D.P.) and Musculoskeletal Radiology Section (K.W.), TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (J.T., F.P., D.P.)
| | - Klaus Woertler
- From the Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany (B. Günther); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (A.S., K.W., J.T., F.M., J.N., F.P., D.P.) and Musculoskeletal Radiology Section (K.W.), TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (J.T., F.P., D.P.)
| | - Johannes Thalhammer
- From the Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany (B. Günther); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (A.S., K.W., J.T., F.M., J.N., F.P., D.P.) and Musculoskeletal Radiology Section (K.W.), TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (J.T., F.P., D.P.)
| | - Felix Meurer
- From the Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany (B. Günther); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (A.S., K.W., J.T., F.M., J.N., F.P., D.P.) and Musculoskeletal Radiology Section (K.W.), TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (J.T., F.P., D.P.)
| | - Jan Neumann
- From the Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany (B. Günther); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (A.S., K.W., J.T., F.M., J.N., F.P., D.P.) and Musculoskeletal Radiology Section (K.W.), TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (J.T., F.P., D.P.)
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- From the Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany (B. Günther); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (A.S., K.W., J.T., F.M., J.N., F.P., D.P.) and Musculoskeletal Radiology Section (K.W.), TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (J.T., F.P., D.P.)
| | - Daniela Pfeiffer
- From the Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (F.S., C.J., M.D., B. Günther, K.A., B. Gleich, J.T., F.P.); Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany (B. Günther); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (A.S., K.W., J.T., F.M., J.N., F.P., D.P.) and Musculoskeletal Radiology Section (K.W.), TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany (J.T., F.P., D.P.)
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Melcher J, Dierolf M, Günther B, Achterhold K, Pfeiffer D, Pfeiffer F. High-energy X-ray diffraction experiment employing a compact synchrotron X-ray source based on inverse Compton scattering. Z Med Phys 2024:S0939-3889(24)00029-1. [PMID: 38631968 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
X-ray diffraction (XRD) is an important material analysis technique with a widespread use of laboratory systems. These systems typically operate at low X-ray energies (from 5 keV to 22 keV) since they rely on the small bandwidth of K-lines like copper. The narrow bandwidth is essential for precise measurements of the crystal structure in these systems. Inverse Compton X-ray source (ICS) could pave the way to XRD at high X-ray energies in a laboratory setting since these sources provide brilliant energy-tunable and partially coherent X-rays. This study demonstrates high-energy XRD at an ICS with strongly absorbing mineralogical samples embedded in soft tissue. A quantitative comparison of the measured XRD patterns with calculations of their expected shapes validates the performance of ICSs for XRD. This analysis was performed for two types of kidney stones of different materials. Since these stones are not isolated in a human body, the influence of the surrounding soft tissue on the XRD pattern is investigated and a correction for this soft tissue contribution is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Melcher
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany; Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany; Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany; Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany; Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Daniela Pfeiffer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany; Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748 Garching, Germany; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 München, Germany; TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 2a, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Müller H, Deffur C, Schmideder S, Barthel L, Friedrich T, Mirlach L, Hammel JU, Meyer V, Briesen H. Synchrotron radiation-based microcomputed tomography for three-dimensional growth analysis of Aspergillus niger pellets. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:3244-3260. [PMID: 37475650 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi produce a wide range of relevant biotechnological compounds. The close relationship between fungal morphology and productivity has led to a variety of analytical methods to quantify their macromorphology. Nevertheless, only a µ-computed tomography (µ-CT) based method allows a detailed analysis of the 3D micromorphology of fungal pellets. However, the low sample throughput of a laboratory µ-CT limits the tracking of the micromorphological evolution of a statistically representative number of submerged cultivated fungal pellets over time. To meet this challenge, we applied synchrotron radiation-based X-ray microtomography at the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [German Electron Synchrotron Research Center], resulting in 19,940 3D analyzed individual fungal pellets that were obtained from 26 sampling points during a 48 h Aspergillus niger submerged batch cultivation. For each of the pellets, we were able to determine micromorphological properties such as number and density of spores, tips, branching points, and hyphae. The computed data allowed us to monitor the growth of submerged cultivated fungal pellets in highly resolved 3D for the first time. The generated morphological database from synchrotron measurements can be used to understand, describe, and model the growth of filamentous fungal cultivations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Müller
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Charlotte Deffur
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefan Schmideder
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Lars Barthel
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tiaan Friedrich
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Lukas Mirlach
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jörg U Hammel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon, Institute of Materials Physics, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Vera Meyer
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Briesen
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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Paternò G, Cardarelli P, Fantoni S, Masoumi F, Mettivier G, Cialdi S, Taibi A. Effect of the local energy distribution of x-ray beams generated through inverse Compton scattering in dual-energy imaging applications. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:4399-4408. [PMID: 37707130 DOI: 10.1364/ao.489239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
X-ray sources based on the inverse Compton interaction between a laser and a relativistic electron beam are emerging as a promising compact alternative to synchrotron for the production of intense monochromatic and tunable radiation. The emission characteristics enable several innovative imaging techniques, including dual-energy K-edge subtraction (KES) imaging. The performance of these techniques is optimal in the case of perfectly monochromatic x-ray beams, and the implementation of KES was proven to be very effective with synchrotron radiation. Nonetheless, the features of inverse Compton scattering (ICS) sources make them good candidates for a more compact implementation of KES techniques. The energy and intensity distribution of the emitted radiation is related to the emission direction, which means different beam qualities in different spatial positions. In fact, as the polar angle increases, the average energy decreases, while the local energy bandwidth increases and the emission intensity decreases. The scope of this work is to describe the impact of the local energy distribution variations on KES imaging performance. By means of analytical simulations, the reconstructed signal, signal-to-noise ratio, and background contamination were evaluated as a function of the position of each detector pixel. The results show that KES imaging is possible with ICS x-ray beams, even if the image quality slightly degrades at the detector borders for a fixed collimation angle and, in general, as the beam divergence increases. Finally, an approach for the optimization of specific imaging tasks is proposed by considering the characteristics of a given source.
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Koshiba Y, Otsuka S, Yamashita K, Fukushima C, Araki S, Aryshev A, Omori T, Popov K, Takahashi T, Terunuma N, Uesugi Y, Urakawa J, Washio M. Harmonically mode-locked laser pulse accumulation in a self-resonating optical cavity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:43888-43899. [PMID: 36523077 DOI: 10.1364/oe.472917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Optical enhancement cavities enabling laser pulses to be coherently stacked in free space are used in several applications to enhance accessible optical power. In this study, we develop an optical cavity that accumulates harmonically mode-locked laser pulses with a self-resonating mechanism for X-ray sources based on laser-Compton scattering. In particular, a Fabry-Perot cavity composed of 99% reflectance mirrors maintained the optical resonance in a feedback-free fashion for more than half an hour and automatically resumed the accumulation even if the laser oscillation was suspended. In contrast to conventional optical enhancement cavity systems with a dedicated feedback controller, this characteristic is highly beneficial in practical applications, such as for laser-Compton scattering X-ray sources. Lastly, upscaling and adoption of the proposed system might improve the operability and equipment use of laser Compton-scattering X-ray sources.
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Khokhriakov I, Merkulova O, Nozik A, Fromme P, Mazalova V. A novel solution for controlling hardware components of accelerators and beamlines. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:644-653. [PMID: 35510997 PMCID: PMC9070715 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522002685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach to the remote-control system for the compact multi-crystal energy-dispersive spectrometer for X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) applications has been developed. This new approach is based on asynchronous communication between software components and on reactive design principles. In this paper, the challenges faced, their solutions, as well as the implementation and future development prospects are identified. The main motivation of this work was the development of a new holistic communication protocol that can be implemented to control various hardware components allowing both independent operation and easy integration into different SCADA systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Khokhriakov
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany
- Tango-Controls Collaboration, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, Germany
| | - Olga Merkulova
- Tango-Controls Collaboration, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, Germany
| | - Alexander Nozik
- JetBrains Research, Kavčí Hory Office Park, Na Hřebenech II 1718/10, Praha 4 – Nusle 140 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Fromme
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Victoria Mazalova
- Centre for Free Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg, Germany
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8
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Effarah HH, Reutershan T, Lagzda A, Hwang Y, Hartemann FV, Barty CPJ. Computational method for the optimization of quasimonoenergetic laser Compton x-ray sources for imaging applications. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:C143-C153. [PMID: 35201039 PMCID: PMC10619704 DOI: 10.1364/ao.444307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of compact quasimonoenergetic x-ray radiation sources based on laser Compton scattering (LCS) offers opportunities for novel approaches to medical imaging. However, careful experimental design is required to fully utilize the angle-correlated x-ray spectra produced by LCS sources. Direct simulations of LCS x-ray spectra are computationally expensive and difficult to employ in experimental optimization. In this manuscript, we present a computational method that fully characterizes angle-correlated LCS x-ray spectra at any end point energy within a range defined by three direct simulations. With this approach, subsequent LCS x-ray spectra can be generated with up to 200 times less computational overhead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haytham H. Effarah
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California – Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California – Irvine, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Trevor Reutershan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California – Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California – Irvine, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Agnese Lagzda
- Lumitron Technologies, Inc., 5201 California Ave, Suite 100, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Yoonwoo Hwang
- Lumitron Technologies, Inc., 5201 California Ave, Suite 100, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Fred V. Hartemann
- Lumitron Technologies, Inc., 5201 California Ave, Suite 100, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - C. P. J. Barty
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California – Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California – Irvine, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
- Lumitron Technologies, Inc., 5201 California Ave, Suite 100, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
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9
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Sun W, Symes DR, Brenner CM, Böhnel M, Brown S, Mavrogordato MN, Sinclair I, Salamon M. Review of high energy x-ray computed tomography for non-destructive dimensional metrology of large metallic advanced manufactured components. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:016102. [PMID: 35138267 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac43f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Advanced manufacturing technologies, led by additive manufacturing, have undergone significant growth in recent years. These technologies enable engineers to design parts with reduced weight while maintaining structural and functional integrity. In particular, metal additive manufacturing parts are increasingly used in application areas such as aerospace, where a failure of a mission-critical part can have dire safety consequences. Therefore, the quality of these components is extremely important. A critical aspect of quality control is dimensional evaluation, where measurements provide quantitative results that are traceable to the standard unit of length, the metre. Dimensional measurements allow designers, manufacturers and users to check product conformity against engineering drawings and enable the same quality standard to be used across the supply chain nationally and internationally. However, there is a lack of development of measurement techniques that provide non-destructive dimensional measurements beyond common non-destructive evaluation focused on defect detection. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) technology has great potential to be used as a non-destructive dimensional evaluation technology. However, technology development is behind the demand and growth for advanced manufactured parts. Both the size and the value of advanced manufactured parts have grown significantly in recent years, leading to new requirements of dimensional measurement technologies. This paper is a cross-disciplinary review of state-of-the-art non-destructive dimensional measuring techniques relevant to advanced manufacturing of metallic parts at larger length scales, especially the use of high energy XCT with source energy of greater than 400 kV to address the need in measuring large advanced manufactured parts. Technologies considered as potential high energy x-ray generators include both conventional x-ray tubes, linear accelerators, and alternative technologies such as inverse Compton scattering sources, synchrotron sources and laser-driven plasma sources. Their technology advances and challenges are elaborated on. The paper also outlines the development of XCT for dimensional metrology and future needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Sun
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R Symes
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Ceri M Brenner
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Böhnel
- Fraunhofer-Entwicklungszentrum Röntgentechnik EZRT, Fraunhofer-Institut für Integrierte Schaltungen IIS, Flugplatzstraße 75, 90768 Fürth, Germany
| | - Stephen Brown
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ian Sinclair
- University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Salamon
- Fraunhofer-Entwicklungszentrum Röntgentechnik EZRT, Fraunhofer-Institut für Integrierte Schaltungen IIS, Flugplatzstraße 75, 90768 Fürth, Germany
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10
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Birnbacher L, Braig EM, Pfeiffer D, Pfeiffer F, Herzen J. Quantitative X-ray phase contrast computed tomography with grating interferometry : Biomedical applications of quantitative X-ray grating-based phase contrast computed tomography. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:4171-4188. [PMID: 33846846 PMCID: PMC8566444 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The ability of biomedical imaging data to be of quantitative nature is getting increasingly important with the ongoing developments in data science. In contrast to conventional attenuation-based X-ray imaging, grating-based phase contrast computed tomography (GBPC-CT) is a phase contrast micro-CT imaging technique that can provide high soft tissue contrast at high spatial resolution. While there is a variety of different phase contrast imaging techniques, GBPC-CT can be applied with laboratory X-ray sources and enables quantitative determination of electron density and effective atomic number. In this review article, we present quantitative GBPC-CT with the focus on biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Birnbacher
- Physics Department, Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Braig
- Physics Department, Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Pfeiffer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Physics Department, Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Herzen
- Physics Department, Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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11
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Huang J, Günther B, Achterhold K, Dierolf M, Pfeiffer F. Simultaneous two-color X-ray absorption spectroscopy using Laue crystals at an inverse-compton scattering X-ray facility. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:1874-1880. [PMID: 34738942 PMCID: PMC8570203 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521009437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is an element-selective technique that provides electronic and structural information of materials and reveals the essential mechanisms of the reactions involved. However, the technique is typically conducted at synchrotrons and usually only probes one element at a time. In this paper, a simultaneous two-color XAS setup at a laboratory-scale synchrotron facility is proposed based on inverse Compton scattering (ICS) at the Munich Compact Light Source (MuCLS), which is based on inverse Compton scattering (ICS). The setup utilizes two silicon crystals in a Laue geometry. A proof-of-principle experiment is presented where both silver (Ag) and palladium (Pd) K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra were simultaneously measured. The simplicity of the setup facilitates its migration to other ICS facilities or maybe to other X-ray sources (e.g. a bending-magnet beamline). Such a setup has the potential to study reaction mechanisms and synergistic effects of chemical systems containing multiple elements of interest, such as a bimetallic catalyst system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Huang
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 München, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
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12
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Clark D, Badea C. Advances in micro-CT imaging of small animals. Phys Med 2021; 88:175-192. [PMID: 34284331 PMCID: PMC8447222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Micron-scale computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging is a ubiquitous, cost-effective, and non-invasive three-dimensional imaging modality. We review recent developments and applications of micro-CT for preclinical research. METHODS Based on a comprehensive review of recent micro-CT literature, we summarize features of state-of-the-art hardware and ongoing challenges and promising research directions in the field. RESULTS Representative features of commercially available micro-CT scanners and some new applications for both in vivo and ex vivo imaging are described. New advancements include spectral scanning using dual-energy micro-CT based on energy-integrating detectors or a new generation of photon-counting x-ray detectors (PCDs). Beyond two-material discrimination, PCDs enable quantitative differentiation of intrinsic tissues from one or more extrinsic contrast agents. When these extrinsic contrast agents are incorporated into a nanoparticle platform (e.g. liposomes), novel micro-CT imaging applications are possible such as combined therapy and diagnostic imaging in the field of cancer theranostics. Another major area of research in micro-CT is in x-ray phase contrast (XPC) imaging. XPC imaging opens CT to many new imaging applications because phase changes are more sensitive to density variations in soft tissues than standard absorption imaging. We further review the impact of deep learning on micro-CT. We feature several recent works which have successfully applied deep learning to micro-CT data, and we outline several challenges specific to micro-CT. CONCLUSIONS All of these advancements establish micro-CT imaging at the forefront of preclinical research, able to provide anatomical, functional, and even molecular information while serving as a testbench for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.P. Clark
- Quantitative Imaging and Analysis Lab, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - C.T. Badea
- Quantitative Imaging and Analysis Lab, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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13
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Komatsu H, Takahara H, Matsuda W, Nishiwaki Y. Nondestructive discrimination of red silk single fibers using total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. J Forensic Sci 2021; 66:1658-1668. [PMID: 34121191 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In a strangulation case, when a necktie is used as a murder weapon, the dyed silk single fiber becomes an important evidence sample to solve the crime. Dyed silk single fibers contain elements, such as Cr and Co, which are obtained from dyeing using metal mordants. Currently, there are no nondestructive and sufficiently sensitive elementary analytical methods for the forensic analysis of single fibers. Therefore, in this study, eight commercially available red silk samples were collected and used for total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) and synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF) spectrometry. Benchtop TXRF detected both S in the silk protein and Cl and Ca, which are elements absorbed from the environment by silkworms, but also Cr, which is a dyeing derivative for metal mordants. The presence of Cr and Zn, in addition to the Zn/Cr signal intensity ratios, was reported to be particularly useful identifiers. In SR-XRF, the presence of Cr, Co, Zn, and Br and the Zn/Cr signal intensity ratios were reported to be useful discriminating indicators. In this study, the nondestructive discrimination capabilities of TXRF and SR-XRF measurements for the samples were found to be 85.7% and 100%, respectively. Therefore, we propose a combination of TXRF and SR-XRF as a new nondestructive single fiber identification method for forensic science. Moreover, if partial destruction of a single fiber is allowed, the observation of the cross section and micro-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy measurements is useful for identifying red silk fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hibiki Komatsu
- TOSA Innovative Human Development Programs, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Hikari Takahara
- Rigaku Corporation, X-ray Instrument Division, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wataru Matsuda
- Rigaku Corporation, X-ray Instrument Division, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Batey DJ, Van Assche F, Vanheule S, Boone MN, Parnell AJ, Mykhaylyk OO, Rau C, Cipiccia S. X-Ray Ptychography with a Laboratory Source. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:193902. [PMID: 34047586 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.193902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
X-ray ptychography has revolutionized nanoscale phase contrast imaging at large-scale synchrotron sources in recent years. We present here the first successful demonstration of the technique in a small-scale laboratory setting. An experiment was conducted with a liquid metal-jet x-ray source and a single photon-counting detector with a high spectral resolution. The experiment used a spot size of 5 μm to produce a ptychographic phase image of a Siemens star test pattern with a submicron spatial resolution. The result and methodology presented show how high-resolution phase contrast imaging can now be performed at small-scale laboratory sources worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren J Batey
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Frederic Van Assche
- UGCT-RP, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Sander Vanheule
- UGCT-RP, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- UGCT-RP, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Andrew J Parnell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Oleksandr O Mykhaylyk
- Soft Matter Analytical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Rau
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Cipiccia
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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15
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Kulpe S, Dierolf M, Günther B, Brantl J, Busse M, Achterhold K, Pfeiffer F, Pfeiffer D. Spectroscopic imaging at compact inverse Compton X-ray sources. Phys Med 2020; 79:137-144. [PMID: 33271418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While K-edge subtraction (KES) imaging is a commonly applied technique at synchrotron sources, the application of this imaging method in clinical imaging is limited although results have shown its superiority to conventional clinical subtraction imaging. Over the past decades, compact synchrotron X-ray sources, based on inverse Compton scattering, have been developed to fill the gap between conventional X-ray tubes and synchrotron facilities. These so called inverse Compton sources (ICSs) provide a tunable, quasi-monochromatic X-ray beam in a laboratory setting with reduced spatial and financial requirements. This allows for the transfer of imaging techniques that have been limited to synchrotrons until now, like KES imaging, into a laboratory environment. This review article presents the first studies that have successfully performed KES at ICSs. These have shown that KES provides improved image quality in comparison to conventional X-ray imaging. The results indicate that medical imaging could benefit from monochromatic imaging and KES techniques. Currently, the clinical application of KES is limited by the low K-edge energy of available iodine contrast agents. However, several ICSs are under development or already in commissioning which will provide monochromatic X-ray beams with higher X-ray energies and will enable KES using high-Z elements as contrast media. With these developments, KES at an ICS has the ability to become an important tool in pre-clinical research and potentially advancing existing clinical imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kulpe
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Martin Dierolf
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Benedikt Günther
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Brantl
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Madleen Busse
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus Achterhold
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Franz Pfeiffer
- Chair of Biomedical Physics, Department of Physics and Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Munich School of Medicine and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaniger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Pfeiffer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Munich School of Medicine and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Ismaniger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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