1
|
Vanlommel S, Borgmans S, Chandran CV, Radhakrishnan S, Van Der Voort P, Breynaert E, Van Speybroeck V. Computational Protocol for the Spectral Assignment of NMR Resonances in Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:3823-3838. [PMID: 38650071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is routinely used in the field of covalent organic frameworks to elucidate or confirm the structure of the synthesized samples and to understand dynamic phenomena. Typically this involves the interpretation and simulation of the spectra through the assumption of symmetry elements of the building units, hinging on the correct assignment of each line shape. To avoid misinterpretation resulting from library-based assignment without a theoretical basis incorporating the impact of the framework, this work proposes a first-principles computational protocol for the assignment of experimental spectra, which exploits the symmetry of the underlying building blocks for computational feasibility. In this way, this protocol accommodates the validation of previous experimental assignments and can serve to complement new NMR measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siebe Vanlommel
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sander Borgmans
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Vinod Chandran
- NMRCoRe, NMR/X-Ray Platform for Convergence Research, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sambhu Radhakrishnan
- NMRCoRe, NMR/X-Ray Platform for Convergence Research, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pascal Van Der Voort
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eric Breynaert
- NMRCoRe, NMR/X-Ray Platform for Convergence Research, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Box 2461, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rahman M, Dannatt HRW, Blundell CD, Hughes LP, Blade H, Carson J, Tatman BP, Johnston ST, Brown SP. Polymorph Identification for Flexible Molecules: Linear Regression Analysis of Experimental and Calculated Solution- and Solid-State NMR Data. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1793-1816. [PMID: 38427685 PMCID: PMC10945485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The Δδ regression approach of Blade et al. [ J. Phys. Chem. A 2020, 124(43), 8959-8977] for accurately discriminating between solid forms using a combination of experimental solution- and solid-state NMR data with density functional theory (DFT) calculation is here extended to molecules with multiple conformational degrees of freedom, using furosemide polymorphs as an exemplar. As before, the differences in measured 1H and 13C chemical shifts between solution-state NMR and solid-state magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR (Δδexperimental) are compared to those determined by gauge-including projector augmented wave (GIPAW) calculations (Δδcalculated) by regression analysis and a t-test, allowing the correct furosemide polymorph to be precisely identified. Monte Carlo random sampling is used to calculate solution-state NMR chemical shifts, reducing computation times by avoiding the need to systematically sample the multidimensional conformational landscape that furosemide occupies in solution. The solvent conditions should be chosen to match the molecule's charge state between the solution and solid states. The Δδ regression approach indicates whether or not correlations between Δδexperimental and Δδcalculated are statistically significant; the approach is differently sensitive to the popular root mean squared error (RMSE) method, being shown to exhibit a much greater dynamic range. An alternative method for estimating solution-state NMR chemical shifts by approximating the measured solution-state dynamic 3D behavior with an ensemble of 54 furosemide crystal structures (polymorphs and cocrystals) from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) was also successful in this case, suggesting new avenues for this method that may overcome its current dependency on the prior determination of solution dynamic 3D structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Rahman
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | | | | | - Leslie P. Hughes
- Oral
Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K.
| | - Helen Blade
- Oral
Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K.
| | - Jake Carson
- Mathematics
Institute at Warwick, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Ben P. Tatman
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | | | - Steven P. Brown
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Holmes ST, Boley CM, Dewicki A, Gardner ZT, Vojvodin CS, Iuliucci RJ, Schurko RW. Carbon-13 chemical shift tensor measurements for nitrogen-dense compounds. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2024; 62:179-189. [PMID: 38230444 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
This paper reports the principal values of the 13 C chemical shift tensors for five nitrogen-dense compounds (i.e., cytosine, uracil, imidazole, guanidine hydrochloride, and aminoguanidine hydrochloride). Although these are all fundamentally important compounds, the majority do not have 13 C chemical shift tensors reported in the literature. The chemical shift tensors are obtained from 1 H→13 C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CP/MAS) experiments that were conducted at a high field of 18.8 T to suppress the effects of 14 N-13 C residual dipolar coupling. Quantum chemical calculations using density functional theory are used to obtain the 13 C magnetic shielding tensors for these compounds. The best agreement with experiment arises from calculations using the hybrid functional PBE0 or the double-hybrid functional PBE0-DH, along with the triple-zeta basis sets TZ2P or pc-3, respectively, and intermolecular effects modeled using large clusters of molecules with electrostatic embedding through the COSMO approach. These measurements are part of an ongoing effort to expand the catalog of accurate 13 C chemical shift tensor measurements, with the aim of creating a database that may be useful for benchmarking the accuracy of quantum chemical calculations, developing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) crystallography protocols, or aiding in applications involving machine learning or data mining. This work was conducted at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory as part of a 2-week school for introducing undergraduate students to practical laboratory experience that will prepare them for scientific careers or postgraduate studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Holmes
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Cameron M Boley
- Department of Chemistry, Washington and Jefferson College, Washington, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Angelika Dewicki
- Department of Chemistry, Washington and Jefferson College, Washington, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zachary T Gardner
- Department of Chemistry, Washington and Jefferson College, Washington, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cameron S Vojvodin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Robbie J Iuliucci
- Department of Chemistry, Washington and Jefferson College, Washington, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert W Schurko
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mathew R, Mazumder A, Kumar P, Matula J, Mohamed S, Brazda P, Hariharan M, Thomas B. Unveiling the topology of partially disordered micro-crystalline nitro-perylenediimide with X-aggregate stacking: an integrated approach. Chem Sci 2024; 15:490-499. [PMID: 38179523 PMCID: PMC10762722 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05514k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Profound knowledge of the molecular structure and supramolecular organization of organic molecules is essential to understand their structure-property relationships. Herein we demonstrate the packing arrangement of partially disordered nitro-perylenediimide (NO2-PDI), revealing that the perylenediimide units exhibit an X-shaped packing pattern. The packing of NO2-PDI is derived using a complementary approach that utilises solid-state NMR (ssNMR) and 3D electron diffraction (3D ED) techniques. Perylenediimide (PDI) molecules are captivating due to their high luminescence efficiency and optoelectronic properties, which are related to supramolecular self-assembly. Increasing the alkyl chain length on the imide substituent poses a more significant challenge in crystallizing the resulting molecule. In addition to the alkyl tails, other functional groups, like the nitro group attached as a bay substituent, can also cause disorder. Such heterogeneity could lead to diffuse scattering, which then complicates the interpretation of diffraction experiment data, where perfect periodicity is expected. As a result, there is an unmet need to develop a methodology for solving the structures of difficult-to-crystallize materials. A synergistic approach is utilised in this manuscript to understand the packing arrangement of the disordered material NO2-PDI by making use of 3D ED, ssNMR and density functional theory calculations (DFT). The combination of these experimental and theoretical approaches provides great promise in enabling the structural investigation of novel materials with customized properties across various applications, which are, due to the internal disorder, very difficult to study by diffraction techniques. By effectively addressing these challenges, our methodology opens up new avenues for material characterization, thereby driving exciting advancements in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renny Mathew
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Aniruddha Mazumder
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM) Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram 695551 Kerala India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Julie Matula
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Sharmarke Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory, Khalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
- Advanced Materials Chemistry Center (AMCC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Petr Brazda
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Na Slovance 2/1999 18200 Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM) Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram 695551 Kerala India
| | - Brijith Thomas
- Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tynkkynen T, Vassaki M, Tiihonen TE, Lehto VP, Demadis KD, Turhanen PA. Simple and User-Friendly Methodology for Crystal Water Determination by Quantitative Proton NMR Spectroscopy in Deuterium Oxide. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17020-17027. [PMID: 37923567 PMCID: PMC10666084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
In drug research and development, knowledge of the precise structure of an active ingredient is crucial. However, it is equally important to know the water content of the drug molecule, particularly the number of crystal waters present in its structure. Such knowledge ensures the avoidance of drug dosage and formulation errors since the number of water molecules affects the physicochemical and pharmaceutical properties of the molecule. Several methods have been used for crystal water measurements of organic compounds, of which thermogravimetry and crystallography may be the most common ones. To the best of our knowledge, solution-state NMR spectroscopy has not been used for crystal water determination in deuterium oxide. Quantitative NMR (qNMR) method will be presented in the paper with a comparison of single-crystal X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis results. The qNMR method for water content measurement is straightforward, reproducible, and accurate, including measurement of 1H NMR spectrum before and after the addition of the analyte compound, and the result can be calculated after integration of the reference compound, analyte, and HDO signals using the given equation. In practical terms, there is no need for weighing the samples under study, which makes it simple and is a clear advantage to the current determination methods. In addition, the crystal structures of two model bisphosphonates used herein are reported: that of monopotassium etidronate dihydrate and monosodium zoledronate trihydrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuulia Tynkkynen
- School
of Pharmacy, Biocenter Kuopio, University
of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 8, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria Vassaki
- Crystal
Engineering, Growth and Design Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion GR-71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Tommi E. Tiihonen
- Department
of Technical Physics, University of Eastern
Finland, Yliopistonranta
8, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa-Pekka Lehto
- Department
of Technical Physics, University of Eastern
Finland, Yliopistonranta
8, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Konstantinos D. Demadis
- Crystal
Engineering, Growth and Design Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion GR-71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Petri A. Turhanen
- School
of Pharmacy, Biocenter Kuopio, University
of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 8, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen Y, Mi J, Rossini AJ. A focus on detection of polymorphs by dynamic nuclear polarization solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11296-11299. [PMID: 37886103 PMCID: PMC10599483 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc90177g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy has found increasing application as a method for quantification and structure determination of solid forms (polymorphs) of organic solids and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). However, ssNMR spectroscopy suffers from low sensitivity and resolution, making it challenging to detect dilute solid forms that may be present after recrystallization or reaction with co-formers. Cousin et al. (S. F. Cousin et al., Chem. Sci., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SC02063K) have demonstrated that dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhanced 13C cross-polarization (CP) saturation recovery experiments can be used to detect dilute polymorphic forms that are present within a mixture of solid forms. Enhancement of the NMR signal by DNP and differences in signal build-up rates for different polymorphs provide the sensitivity and contrast needed to resolve NMR signals from minor polymorphic forms. This method demonstrated by Cousin et al. should aid the discovery of solid drug forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Chen
- Analytical Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago Illinois 60064 USA
| | - Jiashan Mi
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Aaron J Rossini
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gunaga SS, Bryce DL. Modulation of Rotational Dynamics in Halogen-Bonded Cocrystalline Solids. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19005-19017. [PMID: 37586107 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic processes are responsible for the functionality of a range of materials, biomolecules, and catalysts. We report a detailed systematic study of the modulation of methyl rotational dynamics via the direct and the indirect influence of noncovalent halogen bonds. For this purpose, a novel series of cocrystalline architectures featuring halogen bonds (XB) to tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is designed and prepared using gas-phase, solution, and solid-state mechanochemical methods. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals the capacity of molecular bromine as well as weak chloro-XB donors to act as robust directional structure-directing elements. Methyl rotational barriers (Ea) measured using variable-temperature deuterium solid-state NMR range from 3.75 ± 0.04 kJ mol-1 in 1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-trifluorobenzene·TMP to 7.08 ± 0.15 kJ mol-1 in 1,4-dichlorotetrafluorobenzene·TMP. Ea data for a larger series of TMP cocrystals featuring chloro-, bromo-, and iodo-XB donors are shown to be governed by a combination of steric and electronic factors. The average number of carbon-carbon close contacts to the methyl group is found to be a key steric metric capable of rationalizing the observed trends within each of the Cl, Br, and I series. Differences between each series are accounted for by considering the strength of the σ-hole on the XB donor. One possible route to modulating dynamics is therefore via designer cocrystals of variable stoichiometry, maintaining the core chemical features of interest between a given donor and acceptor while simultaneously modifying the number of carbon close contacts affecting dynamics. These principles may provide design opportunities to modulate more complex geared or cascade dynamics involving larger functional groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubha S Gunaga
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Nexus for Quantum Technologies, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, and Nexus for Quantum Technologies, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Perras FA, Thomas H, Heintz P, Behera R, Yu J, Viswanathan G, Jing D, Southern SA, Kovnir K, Stanley L, Huang W. The Structure of Boron Monoxide. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:14660-14669. [PMID: 37378579 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Boron monoxide (BO), prepared by the thermal condensation of tetrahydroxydiboron, was first reported in 1955; however, its structure could not be determined. With the recent attention on boron-based two-dimensional materials, such as borophene and hexagonal boron nitride, there is renewed interest in BO. A large number of stable BO structures have been computationally identified, but none are supported by experiments. The consensus is that the material likely forms a boroxine-based two-dimensional material. Herein, we apply advanced 11B NMR experiments to determine the relative orientations of B(B)O2 centers in BO. We find that the material is composed of D2h-symmetric O2B-BO2 units that organize to form larger B4O2 rings. Further, powder diffraction experiments additionally reveal that these units organize to form two-dimensional layers with a random stacking pattern. This observation is in agreement with earlier density functional theory (DFT) studies that showed B4O2-based structures to be the most stable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric A Perras
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Division, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Henry Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Patrick Heintz
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Ranjan Behera
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Gayatri Viswanathan
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Division, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Dapeng Jing
- Materials Analysis and Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Scott A Southern
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Division, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Kirill Kovnir
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Division, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Levi Stanley
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Wenyu Huang
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Division, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rehman Z, Franks WT, Nguyen B, Schmidt HF, Scrivens G, Brown SP. Discovering the Solid-State Secrets of Lorlatinib by NMR Crystallography: To Hydrogen Bond or not to Hydrogen Bond. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1915-1928. [PMID: 36868358 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Lorlatinib is an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) used in the treatment of lung cancer. Here, an NMR crystallography analysis is presented whereby the single-crystal X-ray diffraction structure (CSD: 2205098) determination is complemented by multinuclear (1H, 13C, 14/15N, 19F) magic-angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR and gauge-including projector augmented wave (GIPAW) calculation of NMR chemical shifts. Lorlatinib crystallises in the P21 space group, with two distinct molecules in the asymmetric unit cell, Z' = 2. Three of the four NH2 hydrogen atoms form intermolecular hydrogen bonds, N30-H…N15 between the two distinct molecules and N30-H…O2 between two equivalent molecules. This is reflected in one of the NH21H chemical shifts being significantly lower, 4.0 ppm compared to 7.0 ppm. Two-dimensional 1H-13C, 14N-1H and 1H (double-quantum, DQ)-1H (single-quantum, SQ) MAS NMR spectra are presented. The 1H resonances are assigned and specific HH proximities corresponding to the observed DQ peaks are identified. The resolution enhancement at a 1H Larmor frequency of 1 GHz as compared to 500 or 600 MHz is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Rehman
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - W Trent Franks
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | | | | | - Steven P Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ward JS, Sievänen EI, Rissanen K. Solid-state NMR Spectroscopy of Iodine(I) Complexes. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201203. [PMID: 36734201 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state NMR has been applied to a series of Barluenga-type iodine(I) [L-I-L]PF6 (L=pyridine, 4-ethylpyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, isoquinoline) complexes as their hexafluorophosphate salts, as well as their respective non-liquid ligands (L), their precursor silver(I) complexes, and the respective N-methylated pyridinium and quinolinium hexafluorophoshate salts. These results are compared and contrasted to the corresponding solution studies and single-crystal X-ray structures. As the first study of its kind on the solid-state NMR behavior of halogen(I) complexes, practical considerations are also discussed to encourage wider utilization of this technique in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jas S Ward
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Elina I Sievänen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zwitterionic or Not? Fast and Reliable Structure Determination by Combining Crystal Structure Prediction and Solid-State NMR. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041876. [PMID: 36838863 PMCID: PMC9966216 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
When it comes to crystal structure determination, computational approaches such as Crystal Structure Prediction (CSP) have gained more and more attention since they offer some insight on how atoms and molecules are packed in the solid state, starting from only very basic information without diffraction data. Furthermore, it is well known that the coupling of CSP with solid-state NMR (SSNMR) greatly enhances the performance and the accuracy of the predictive method, leading to the so-called CSP-NMR crystallography (CSP-NMRX). In this paper, we present the successful application of CSP-NMRX to determine the crystal structure of three structural isomers of pyridine dicarboxylic acid, namely quinolinic, dipicolinic and dinicotinic acids, which can be in a zwitterionic form, or not, in the solid state. In a first step, mono- and bidimensional SSNMR spectra, i.e., 1H Magic-Angle Spinning (MAS), 13C and 15N Cross Polarisation Magic-Angle Spinning (CPMAS), 1H Double Quantum (DQ) MAS, 1H-13C HETeronuclear CORrelation (HETCOR), were used to determine the correct molecular structure (i.e., zwitterionic or not) and the local molecular arrangement; at the end, the RMSEs between experimental and computed 1H and 13C chemical shifts allowed the selection of the correct predicted structure for each system. Interestingly, while quinolinic and dipicolinic acids are zwitterionic and non-zwitterionic, respectively, in the solid state, dinicotinic acid exhibits in its crystal structure a "zwitterionic-non-zwitterionic continuum state" in which the proton is shared between the carboxylic moiety and the pyridinic nitrogen. Very refined SSNMR experiments were carried out, i.e., 14N-1H Phase-Modulated (PM) pulse and Rotational-Echo Saturation-Pulse Double-Resonance (RESPDOR), to provide an accurate N-H distance value confirming the hybrid nature of the molecule. The CSP-NMRX method showed a remarkable match between the selected structures and the experimental ones. The correct molecular input provided by SSNMR reduced the number of CSP calculations to be performed, leading to different predicted structures, while RMSEs provided an independent parameter with respect to the computed energy for the selection of the best candidate.
Collapse
|
12
|
Smith AN, Harrabi R, Halbritter T, Lee D, Aussenac F, van der Wel PCA, Hediger S, Sigurdsson ST, De Paëpe G. Fast magic angle spinning for the characterization of milligram quantities of organic and biological solids at natural isotopic abundance by 13C- 13C correlation DNP-enhanced NMR. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2023; 123:101850. [PMID: 36592488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2022.101850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We show that multidimensional solid-state NMR 13C-13C correlation spectra of biomolecular assemblies and microcrystalline organic molecules can be acquired at natural isotopic abundance with only milligram quantities of sample. These experiments combine fast Magic Angle Spinning of the sample, low-power dipolar recoupling, and dynamic nuclear polarization performed with AsymPol biradicals, a recently introduced family of polarizing agents. Such experiments are essential for structural characterization as they provide short- and long-range distance information. This approach is demonstrated on diverse sample types, including polyglutamine fibrils implicated in Huntington's disease and microcrystalline ampicillin, a small antibiotic molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam N Smith
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, MEM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Rania Harrabi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, MEM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Halbritter
- University of Iceland, Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, Dunhaga 3, 107, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel Lee
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, MEM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Patrick C A van der Wel
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sabine Hediger
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, MEM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Snorri Th Sigurdsson
- University of Iceland, Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, Dunhaga 3, 107, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gaël De Paëpe
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, MEM, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Szell PMJ, Rehman Z, Tatman BP, Hughes LP, Blade H, Brown SP. Exploring the Potential of Multinuclear Solid-State 1 H, 13 C, and 35 Cl Magnetic Resonance To Characterize Static and Dynamic Disorder in Pharmaceutical Hydrochlorides. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200558. [PMID: 36195553 PMCID: PMC10099218 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Crystallographic disorder, whether static or dynamic, can be detrimental to the physical and chemical stability, ease of crystallization and dissolution rate of an active pharmaceutical ingredient. Disorder can result in a loss of manufacturing control leading to batch-to-batch variability and can lengthen the process of structural characterization. The range of NMR active nuclei makes solid-state NMR a unique technique for gaining nucleus-specific information about crystallographic disorder. Here, we explore the use of high-field 35 Cl solid-state NMR at 23.5 T to characterize both static and dynamic crystallographic disorder: specifically, dynamic disorder occurring in duloxetine hydrochloride (1), static disorder in promethazine hydrochloride (2), and trifluoperazine dihydrochloride (3). In all structures, the presence of crystallographic disorder was confirmed by 13 C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CPMAS) NMR and supported by GIPAW-DFT calculations, and in the case of 3, 1 H solid-state NMR provided additional confirmation. Applying 35 Cl solid-state NMR to these compounds, we show that higher magnetic fields are beneficial for resolving the crystallographic disorder in 1 and 3, while broad spectral features were observed in 2 even at higher fields. Combining the data obtained from 1 H, 13 C, and 35 Cl NMR, we show that 3 exhibits a unique case of disorder involving the + N-H hydrogen positions of the piperazinium ring, driving the chloride anions to occupy three distinct sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zainab Rehman
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ben P Tatman
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Leslie P Hughes
- Oral Product Development Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Helen Blade
- Oral Product Development Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Steven P Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Juramy M, Mollica G. Recent Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Strategies for Time-Resolved Atomic-Level Investigation of Crystallization from Solution. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
15
|
Khalaji M, Paluch P, Potrzebowski MJ, Dudek MK. Narrowing down the conformational space with solid-state NMR in crystal structure prediction of linezolid cocrystals. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2022; 121:101813. [PMID: 35964358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2022.101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many solids crystallize as microcrystalline powders, thus precluding the application of single crystal X-Ray diffraction in structural elucidation. In such cases, a joint use of high-resolution solid-state NMR and crystal structure prediction (CSP) calculations can be successful. However, for molecules showing significant conformational freedom, the CSP-NMR protocol can meet serious obstacles, including ambiguities in NMR signal assignment and too wide conformational search space to be covered by computational methods in reasonable time. Here, we demonstrate a possible way of avoiding these obstacles and making as much use of the two methods as possible in difficult circumstances. In a simple case, our experiments led to crystal structure elucidation of a cocrystal of linezolid (LIN), a wide-range antibiotic, with 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, while a significantly more challenging case of a cocrystal of LIN with 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid led to the identification of the most probable conformations of LIN inside the crystal. Having four rotatable bonds, some of which can assume many discreet values, LIN molecule poses a challenge in establishing its conformation in a solid phase. In our work, a set of 27 conformations were used in CSP calculations to yield model crystal structures to be examined against experimental solid-state NMR data, leading to a reliable identification of the most probable molecular arrangements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Khalaji
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz, 90-363, Poland
| | - Piotr Paluch
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz, 90-363, Poland
| | - Marek J Potrzebowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz, 90-363, Poland
| | - Marta K Dudek
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, Lodz, 90-363, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Al-Ani A, Szell PMJ, Rehman Z, Blade H, Wheatcroft HP, Hughes LP, Brown SP, Wilson CC. Combining X-ray and NMR Crystallography to Explore the Crystallographic Disorder in Salbutamol Oxalate. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2022; 22:4696-4707. [PMID: 35971412 PMCID: PMC9374327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.1c01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Salbutamol is an active pharmaceutical ingredient commonly used to treat respiratory distress and is listed by the World Health Organization as an essential medicine. Here, we establish the crystal structure of its oxalate form, salbutamol oxalate, and explore the nature of its crystallographic disorder by combined X-ray crystallography and 13C cross-polarization (CP) magic-angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR. The *C-OH chiral center of salbutamol (note that the crystal structures are a racemic mixture of the two enantiomers of salbutamol) is disordered over two positions, and the tert-butyl group is rotating rapidly, as revealed by 13C solid-state NMR. The impact of crystallization conditions on the disorder was investigated, finding variations in the occupancy ratio of the *C-OH chiral center between single crystals and a consistency across samples in the bulk powder. Overall, this work highlights the contrast between investigating crystallographic disorder by X-ray diffraction and solid-state NMR experiment, and gauge-including projector-augmented-wave (GIPAW) density functional theory (DFT) calculations, with their combined use, yielding an improved understanding of the nature of the crystallographic disorder between the local (i.e., as viewed by NMR) and longer-range periodic (i.e., as viewed by diffraction) scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneesa
J. Al-Ani
- Centre
for Sustainable and Circular Technologies (CSCT), University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K.
| | | | - Zainab Rehman
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Helen Blade
- Oral
Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development,
Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K.
| | - Helen P. Wheatcroft
- Chemical
Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K.
| | - Leslie P. Hughes
- Oral
Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development,
Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Brown
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Chick C. Wilson
- Centre
for Sustainable and Circular Technologies (CSCT), University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Venkatesh A, Gioffrè D, Atterberry BA, Rochlitz L, Carnahan SL, Wang Z, Menzildjian G, Lesage A, Copéret C, Rossini AJ. Molecular and Electronic Structure of Isolated Platinum Sites Enabled by the Expedient Measurement of 195Pt Chemical Shift Anisotropy. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13511-13525. [PMID: 35861681 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Techniques that can characterize the molecular structures of dilute surface species are required to facilitate the rational synthesis and improvement of Pt-based heterogeneous catalysts. 195Pt solid-state NMR spectroscopy could be an ideal tool for this task because 195Pt isotropic chemical shifts and chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) are highly sensitive probes of the local chemical environment and electronic structure. However, the characterization of Pt surface-sites is complicated by the typical low Pt loadings that are between 0.2 and 5 wt% and broadening of 195Pt solid-state NMR spectra by CSA. Here, we introduce a set of solid-state NMR methods that exploit fast MAS and indirect detection using a sensitive spy nucleus (1H or 31P) to enable the rapid acquisition of 195Pt MAS NMR spectra. We demonstrate that high-resolution wideline 195Pt MAS NMR spectra can be acquired in minutes to a few hours for a series of molecular and single-site Pt species grafted on silica with Pt loading of only 3-5 wt%. Low-power, long-duration, sideband-selective excitation, and saturation pulses are incorporated into t1-noise eliminated dipolar heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence, perfect echo resonance echo saturation pulse double resonance, or J-resolved pulse sequences. The complete 195Pt MAS NMR spectrum is then reconstructed by recording a series of 1D NMR spectra where the offset of the 195Pt pulses is varied in increments of the MAS frequency. Analysis of the 195Pt MAS NMR spectra yields the 195Pt chemical shift tensor parameters. Zeroth order approximation density functional theory calculations accurately predict 195Pt CS tensor parameters. Simple and predictive orbital models relate the CS tensor parameters to the Pt electronic structure and coordination environment. The methodology developed here paves the way for the detailed structural and electronic analysis of dilute platinum surface-sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Venkatesh
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Domenico Gioffrè
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin A Atterberry
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Lukas Rochlitz
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Scott L Carnahan
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Zhuoran Wang
- Univ Lyon, ENS Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, High-Field NMR Center of Lyon, UMR 5082, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Georges Menzildjian
- Univ Lyon, ENS Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, High-Field NMR Center of Lyon, UMR 5082, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne Lesage
- Univ Lyon, ENS Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, High-Field NMR Center of Lyon, UMR 5082, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Aaron J Rossini
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Carvalho JP, Papawassiliou W, Pell AJ. Half-integer-spin quadrupolar nuclei in magic-angle spinning paramagnetic NMR: The case of NaMnO 2. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2022; 340:107235. [PMID: 35644097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2022.107235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A combination of solid-state NMR methods for the extraction of 23Na shift and quadrupolar parameters in the as-synthesized, structurally complex NaMnO2 Na-ion cathode material, under magic-angle spinning (MAS) is presented. We show that the integration of the Magic-Angle Turning experiment with Rotor-Assisted Population transfer (RAPT) can be used both to identify shifts and to extract a range of magnitudes for their quadrupolar couplings. We also demonstrate the applicability of the two-dimensional one pulse (TOP) based double-sheared Satellite Transition Magic-Angle Spinning (TOP-STMAS) showing how it can yield a spectrum with separated shift and second-order quadrupolar anisotropies, which in turn can be used to analyze a quadrupolar lineshape free of anisotropic bulk magnetic susceptibility (ABMS) induced shift dispersion and determine both isotropic shift and quadrupolar products. Combining all these experiments, the shift and quadrupolar parameters for all observed Na environments were extracted and yielded excellent agreement with the density functional theory (DFT) based models that were reported in previous literature. We expect these methods to open the door for new possibilities for solid-state NMR to probe half-integer quadrupolar nuclei in paramagnetic materials and other systems exhibiting large shift dispersion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José P Carvalho
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wassilios Papawassiliou
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew J Pell
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Centre de RMN Très Hauts Champs de Lyon (UMR5082 - CNRS, ENS Lyon, UCB Lyon 1), Université de Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mathew R, Sergeyev IV, Aussenac F, Gkoura L, Rosay M, Baias M. Complete resonance assignment of a pharmaceutical drug at natural isotopic abundance from DNP-Enhanced solid-state NMR. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2022; 119:101794. [PMID: 35462269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2022.101794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced magic angle spinning (DNP-MAS) NMR measurements coupled with density functional theory (DFT) calculations enable the full resonance assignment of a complex pharmaceutical drug molecule without the need for isotopic enrichment. DNP dramatically enhances the NMR signals, thereby making possible previously intractable two-dimensional correlation NMR spectra at natural abundance. Using inputs from DFT calculations, herein we describe a significant improvement to the structure elucidation process for complex organic molecules. Further, we demonstrate that a series of two-dimensional correlation experiments, including 15N-13C TEDOR, 13C-13C INADEQUATE/SARCOSY, 19F-13C HETCOR, and 1H-13C HETCOR, can be obtained at natural isotopic abundance within reasonable experiment times, thus enabling a complete resonance assignment of sitagliptin, a pharmaceutical used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renny Mathew
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ivan V Sergeyev
- Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Fabien Aussenac
- Bruker France, 34 rue de l'industrie, 67166, Wissembourg, France.
| | - Lydia Gkoura
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Melanie Rosay
- Bruker Biospin Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Maria Baias
- Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Evans CL, Evans IR, Hodgkinson P. Resolving alternative structure determinations of indapamide using 13C solid-state NMR. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4767-4770. [PMID: 35343549 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06256e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The conflict between alternative crystal structures in the Cambridge Structural Database for the diuretic drug indapamide hemihydrate (IND) has been resolved with the aid of 13C solid-state NMR. IND is seen to contain multiple distinct molecules in the asymmetric unit (Z' = 4) rather than exhibiting disorder in the orientation of sulfonamide groups. The NMR crystallographic approach is a more effective tool for distinguishing between alternative structures than naïve judgements of quality based on crystallographic refinement agreement factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin L Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | | | - Paul Hodgkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mitryukovskiy S, Vanpoucke DEP, Bai Y, Hannotte T, Lavancier M, Hourlier D, Roos G, Peretti R. On the influence of water on THz vibrational spectral features of molecular crystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:6107-6125. [PMID: 35212691 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03261e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The nanoscale structure of molecular assemblies plays a major role in many (μ)-biological mechanisms. Molecular crystals are one of the most simple of these assemblies and are widely used in a variety of applications from pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, to nutraceuticals and cosmetics. The collective vibrations in such molecular crystals can be probed using terahertz spectroscopy, providing unique characteristic spectral fingerprints. However, the association of the spectral features to the crystal conformation, crystal phase and its environment is a difficult task. We present a combined computational-experimental study on the incorporation of water in lactose molecular crystals, and show how simulations can be used to associate spectral features in the THz region to crystal conformations and phases. Using periodic DFT simulations of lactose molecular crystals, the role of water in the observed lactose THz spectrum is clarified, presenting both direct and indirect contributions. A specific experimental setup is built to allow the controlled heating and corresponding dehydration of the sample, providing the monitoring of the crystal phase transformation dynamics. Besides the observation that lactose phases and phase transformation appear to be more complex than previously thought - including several crystal forms in a single phase and a non-negligible water content in the so-called anhydrous phase - we draw two main conclusions from this study. Firstly, THz modes are spread over more than one molecule and require periodic computation rather than a gas-phase one. Secondly, hydration water does not only play a perturbative role but also participates in the facilitation of the THz vibrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Mitryukovskiy
- Institut d'Electronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, Université Lille, CNRS, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Danny E P Vanpoucke
- IMO, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium./AMIBM, Maastricht University, 6167 Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Yue Bai
- Institut d'Electronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, Université Lille, CNRS, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Théo Hannotte
- Institut d'Electronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, Université Lille, CNRS, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Mélanie Lavancier
- Institut d'Electronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, Université Lille, CNRS, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Djamila Hourlier
- Institut d'Electronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, Université Lille, CNRS, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Goedele Roos
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Romain Peretti
- Institut d'Electronique de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, Université Lille, CNRS, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Leroy C, Métro TX, Hung I, Gan Z, Gervais C, Laurencin D. From Operando Raman Mechanochemistry to "NMR Crystallography": Understanding the Structures and Interconversion of Zn-Terephthalate Networks Using Selective 17O-Labeling. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022; 34:2292-2312. [PMID: 35281972 PMCID: PMC8908548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c04132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The description of the formation, structure, and reactivity of coordination networks and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) remains a real challenge in a number of cases. This is notably true for compounds composed of Zn2+ ions and terephthalate ligands (benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate, BDC) because of the difficulties in isolating them as pure phases and/or because of the presence of structural defects. Here, using mechanochemistry in combination with operando Raman spectroscopy, the observation of the formation of various zinc terephthalate compounds was rendered possible, allowing the distinction and isolation of three intermediates during the ball-milling synthesis of Zn3(OH)4(BDC). An "NMR crystallography" approach was then used, combining solid-state NMR (1H, 13C, and 17O) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to refine the poorly described crystallographic structures of these phases. Particularly noteworthy are the high-resolution 17O NMR analyses, which were made possible in a highly efficient and cost-effective way, thanks to the selective 17O-enrichment of either hydroxyl or terephthalate groups by ball-milling. This allowed the presence of defect sites to be identified for the first time in one of the phases, and the nature of the H-bonding network of the hydroxyls to be established in another. Lastly, the possibility of using deuterated precursors (e.g., D2O and d 4-BDC) during ball-milling is also introduced as a means for observing specific transformations during operando Raman spectroscopy studies, which would not have been possible with hydrogenated equivalents. Overall, the synthetic and spectroscopic approaches developed herein are expected to push forward the understanding of the structure and reactivity of other complex coordination networks and MOFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- César Leroy
- ICGM,
Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Ivan Hung
- National
High Magnetic Laboratory (NHMFL), Tallahassee, Florida 32310-3706, United States
| | - Zhehong Gan
- National
High Magnetic Laboratory (NHMFL), Tallahassee, Florida 32310-3706, United States
| | - Christel Gervais
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP),
UMR 7574, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ahlawat S, Mote KR, Lakomek NA, Agarwal V. Solid-State NMR: Methods for Biological Solids. Chem Rev 2022; 122:9643-9737. [PMID: 35238547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy has transformed from a spectroscopic technique investigating small molecules and industrial polymers to a potent tool decrypting structure and underlying dynamics of complex biological systems, such as membrane proteins, fibrils, and assemblies, in near-physiological environments and temperatures. This transformation can be ascribed to improvements in hardware design, sample preparation, pulsed methods, isotope labeling strategies, resolution, and sensitivity. The fundamental engagement between nuclear spins and radio-frequency pulses in the presence of a strong static magnetic field is identical between solution and ssNMR, but the experimental procedures vastly differ because of the absence of molecular tumbling in solids. This review discusses routinely employed state-of-the-art static and MAS pulsed NMR methods relevant for biological samples with rotational correlation times exceeding 100's of nanoseconds. Recent developments in signal filtering approaches, proton methodologies, and multiple acquisition techniques to boost sensitivity and speed up data acquisition at fast MAS are also discussed. Several examples of protein structures (globular, membrane, fibrils, and assemblies) solved with ssNMR spectroscopy have been considered. We also discuss integrated approaches to structurally characterize challenging biological systems and some newly emanating subdisciplines in ssNMR spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Ahlawat
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Survey No. 36/P Gopanpally, Serilingampally, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Kaustubh R Mote
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Survey No. 36/P Gopanpally, Serilingampally, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Nils-Alexander Lakomek
- University of Düsseldorf, Institute for Physical Biology, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vipin Agarwal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Survey No. 36/P Gopanpally, Serilingampally, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wilhelm A, Bonnet SL, Twigge L, Rarova L, Stenclova T, Visser HG, Schutte-Smith M. Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic evaluation of chalcone derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
25
|
Klein A, Rovó P, Sakhrani VV, Wang Y, Holmes JB, Liu V, Skowronek P, Kukuk L, Vasa SK, Güntert P, Mueller LJ, Linser R. Atomic-resolution chemical characterization of (2x)72-kDa tryptophan synthase via four- and five-dimensional 1H-detected solid-state NMR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2114690119. [PMID: 35058365 PMCID: PMC8795498 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114690119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NMR chemical shifts provide detailed information on the chemical properties of molecules, thereby complementing structural data from techniques like X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy. Detailed analysis of protein NMR data, however, often hinges on comprehensive, site-specific assignment of backbone resonances, which becomes a bottleneck for molecular weights beyond 40 to 45 kDa. Here, we show that assignments for the (2x)72-kDa protein tryptophan synthase (665 amino acids per asymmetric unit) can be achieved via higher-dimensional, proton-detected, solid-state NMR using a single, 1-mg, uniformly labeled, microcrystalline sample. This framework grants access to atom-specific characterization of chemical properties and relaxation for the backbone and side chains, including those residues important for the catalytic turnover. Combined with first-principles calculations, the chemical shifts in the β-subunit active site suggest a connection between active-site chemistry, the electrostatic environment, and catalytically important dynamics of the portal to the β-subunit from solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Klein
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Petra Rovó
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Varun V Sakhrani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Jacob B Holmes
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Viktoriia Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Patricia Skowronek
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Kukuk
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Suresh K Vasa
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Peter Güntert
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Leonard J Mueller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Rasmus Linser
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany;
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Holmes JB, Liu V, Caulkins BG, Hilario E, Ghosh RK, Drago VN, Young RP, Romero JA, Gill AD, Bogie PM, Paulino J, Wang X, Riviere G, Bosken YK, Struppe J, Hassan A, Guidoulianov J, Perrone B, Mentink-Vigier F, Chang CEA, Long JR, Hooley RJ, Mueser TC, Dunn MF, Mueller LJ. Imaging active site chemistry and protonation states: NMR crystallography of the tryptophan synthase α-aminoacrylate intermediate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2109235119. [PMID: 34996869 PMCID: PMC8764694 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109235119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NMR-assisted crystallography-the integrated application of solid-state NMR, X-ray crystallography, and first-principles computational chemistry-holds significant promise for mechanistic enzymology: by providing atomic-resolution characterization of stable intermediates in enzyme active sites, including hydrogen atom locations and tautomeric equilibria, NMR crystallography offers insight into both structure and chemical dynamics. Here, this integrated approach is used to characterize the tryptophan synthase α-aminoacrylate intermediate, a defining species for pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes that catalyze β-elimination and replacement reactions. For this intermediate, NMR-assisted crystallography is able to identify the protonation states of the ionizable sites on the cofactor, substrate, and catalytic side chains as well as the location and orientation of crystallographic waters within the active site. Most notable is the water molecule immediately adjacent to the substrate β-carbon, which serves as a hydrogen bond donor to the ε-amino group of the acid-base catalytic residue βLys87. From this analysis, a detailed three-dimensional picture of structure and reactivity emerges, highlighting the fate of the L-serine hydroxyl leaving group and the reaction pathway back to the preceding transition state. Reaction of the α-aminoacrylate intermediate with benzimidazole, an isostere of the natural substrate indole, shows benzimidazole bound in the active site and poised for, but unable to initiate, the subsequent bond formation step. When modeled into the benzimidazole position, indole is positioned with C3 in contact with the α-aminoacrylate Cβ and aligned for nucleophilic attack. Here, the chemically detailed, three-dimensional structure from NMR-assisted crystallography is key to understanding why benzimidazole does not react, while indole does.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob B Holmes
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Viktoriia Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Bethany G Caulkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
- W.M. Keck Science Department, Claremont McKenna, Pitzer, and Scripps Colleges, Claremont, CA 91711
| | - Eduardo Hilario
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Rittik K Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Victoria N Drago
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Robert P Young
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354
| | - Jennifer A Romero
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Adam D Gill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Paul M Bogie
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Joana Paulino
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310
| | - Gwladys Riviere
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Yuliana K Bosken
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | | | - Alia Hassan
- Bruker Switzerland AG 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Chia-En A Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Joanna R Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McKnight Brain Institute, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Richard J Hooley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Timothy C Mueser
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606
| | - Michael F Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521;
| | - Leonard J Mueller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Malär AA, Sun Q, Zehnder J, Kehr G, Erker G, Wiegand T. Proton-phosphorous connectivities revealed by high-resolution proton-detected solid-state NMR. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7768-7778. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00616b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Proton-detected solid-state NMR enables atomic-level insight in solid-state reactions, for instance in heterogeneous catalysis, which is fundamental for deciphering chemical reaction mechanisms. We herein introduce a phosphorus-31 radiofrequency channel in...
Collapse
|
28
|
Vojvodin CS, Holmes ST, Watanabe LK, Rawson JM, Schurko R. Multi-Component Crystals Containing Urea: Mechanochemical Synthesis and Characterization by 35Cl Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy and DFT Calculations. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01610e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochemical synthesis provides new pathways for the rational design of multi-component crystals (MCCs) involving anionic or cationic components, which offer molecular-level architectures unavailable to MCCs comprised of strictly neutral components....
Collapse
|
29
|
Szell PMJ, Nilsson Lill SO, Blade H, Brown SP, Hughes LP. A toolbox for improving the workflow of NMR crystallography. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2021; 116:101761. [PMID: 34736104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2021.101761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
NMR crystallography is a powerful tool with applications in structural characterization and crystal structure verification, to name two. However, applying this tool presents several challenges, especially for industrial users, in terms of consistency, workflow, time consumption, and the requirement for a high level of understanding of experimental solid-state NMR and GIPAW-DFT calculations. Here, we have developed a series of fully parameterized scripts for use in Materials Studio and TopSpin, based on the .magres file format, with a focus on organic molecules (e.g. pharmaceuticals), improving efficiency, robustness, and workflow. We separate these tools into three major categories: performing the DFT calculations, extracting & visualizing the results, and crystallographic modelling. These scripts will rapidly submit fully parameterized CASTEP jobs, extract data from the calculations, assist in visualizing the results, and expedite the process of structural modelling. Accompanied with these tools is a description on their functionality, documentation on how to get started and use the scripts, and links to video tutorials for guiding new users. Through the use of these tools, we hope to facilitate NMR crystallography and to harmonize the process across users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sten O Nilsson Lill
- Early Product Development and Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helen Blade
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Steven P Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Leslie P Hughes
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hung I, Altenhof AR, Schurko RW, Bryce DL, Han OH, Gan Z. Field-stepped ultra-wideline NMR at up to 36 T: On the inequivalence between field and frequency stepping. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:951-960. [PMID: 33373086 PMCID: PMC8239055 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Field-stepped NMR spectroscopy at up to 36 T using the series-connected hybrid (SCH) magnet at the U.S. National High Magnetic Field Laboratory is demonstrated for acquiring ultra-wideline powder spectra of nuclei with very large quadrupolar interactions. Historically, NMR evolved from the continuous-wave (cw) field-swept method in the early days to the pulsed Fourier-transform method in the modern era. Spectra acquired using field sweeping are generally considered to be equivalent to those acquired using the pulsed method. Here, it is shown that field-stepped wideline spectra of half-integer spin quadrupolar nuclei acquired using WURST/CPMG methods can be significantly different from those acquired with the frequency-stepped method commonly used with superconducting magnets. The inequivalence arises from magnetic field-dependent NMR interactions such as the anisotropic chemical shift and second-order quadrupolar interactions; the latter is often the main interaction leading to ultra-wideline powder patterns of half-integer spin quadrupolar nuclei. This inequivalence needs be taken into account to accurately and correctly determine the quadrupolar coupling and chemical shift parameters. A simulation protocol is developed for spectral fitting to facilitate analysis of field-stepped ultra-wideline NMR spectra acquired using powered magnets. A MATLAB program which implements this protocol is available on request.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Hung
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Adam R Altenhof
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Robert W Schurko
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Oc Hee Han
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 03759, South Korea
| | - Zhehong Gan
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Duong NT, Aoyama Y, Kawamoto K, Yamazaki T, Nishiyama Y. Structure Solution of Nano-Crystalline Small Molecules Using MicroED and Solid-State NMR Dipolar-Based Experiments. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154652. [PMID: 34361806 PMCID: PMC8347922 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional electron diffraction crystallography (microED) can solve structures of sub-micrometer crystals, which are too small for single crystal X-ray crystallography. However, R factors for the microED-based structures are generally high because of dynamic scattering. That means R factor may not be reliable provided that kinetic analysis is used. Consequently, there remains ambiguity to locate hydrogens and to assign nuclei with close atomic numbers, like carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. Herein, we employed microED and ssNMR dipolar-based experiments together with spin dynamics numerical simulations. The NMR dipolar-based experiments were 1H-14N phase-modulated rotational-echo saturation-pulse double-resonance (PM-S-RESPDOR) and 1H-1H selective recoupling of proton (SERP) experiments. The former examined the dephasing effect of a specific 1H resonance under multiple 1H-14N dipolar couplings. The latter examined the selective polarization transfer between a 1H-1H pair. The structure was solved by microED and then validated by evaluating the agreement between experimental and calculated dipolar-based NMR results. As the measurements were performed on 1H and 14N, the method can be employed for natural abundance samples. Furthermore, the whole validation procedure was conducted at 293 K unlike widely used chemical shift calculation at 0 K using the GIPAW method. This combined method was demonstrated on monoclinic l-histidine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nghia Tuan Duong
- RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan;
| | | | | | - Toshio Yamazaki
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan;
| | - Yusuke Nishiyama
- RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan;
- JEOL RESONANCE Inc., Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Solares-Briones M, Coyote-Dotor G, Páez-Franco JC, Zermeño-Ortega MR, de la O Contreras CM, Canseco-González D, Avila-Sorrosa A, Morales-Morales D, Germán-Acacio JM. Mechanochemistry: A Green Approach in the Preparation of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:790. [PMID: 34070646 PMCID: PMC8228148 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemistry is considered an alternative attractive greener approach to prepare diverse molecular compounds and has become an important synthetic tool in different fields (e.g., physics, chemistry, and material science) since is considered an ecofriendly procedure that can be carried out under solvent free conditions or in the presence of minimal quantities of solvent (catalytic amounts). Being able to substitute, in many cases, classical solution reactions often requiring significant amounts of solvents. These sustainable methods have had an enormous impact on a great variety of chemistry fields, including catalysis, organic synthesis, metal complexes formation, preparation of multicomponent pharmaceutical solid forms, etc. In this sense, we are interested in highlighting the advantages of mechanochemical methods on the obtaining of pharmaceutical cocrystals. Hence, in this review, we describe and discuss the relevance of mechanochemical procedures in the formation of multicomponent solid forms focusing on pharmaceutical cocrystals. Additionally, at the end of this paper, we collect a chronological survey of the most representative scientific papers reporting the mechanochemical synthesis of cocrystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mizraín Solares-Briones
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14000, Mexico; (M.S.-B.); (G.C.-D.); (J.C.P.-F.)
| | - Guadalupe Coyote-Dotor
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14000, Mexico; (M.S.-B.); (G.C.-D.); (J.C.P.-F.)
| | - José C. Páez-Franco
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14000, Mexico; (M.S.-B.); (G.C.-D.); (J.C.P.-F.)
| | - Miriam R. Zermeño-Ortega
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario No. 1, Nuevo Campus Universitario, Apdo. Postal 1552, Chihuahua, C.P. 31125, Mexico; (M.R.Z.-O.); (C.M.d.l.OC.)
| | - Carmen Myriam de la O Contreras
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario No. 1, Nuevo Campus Universitario, Apdo. Postal 1552, Chihuahua, C.P. 31125, Mexico; (M.R.Z.-O.); (C.M.d.l.OC.)
| | - Daniel Canseco-González
- CONACYT-Laboratorio Nacional de Investigación y Servicio Agroalimentario y Forestal, Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo, Texcoco de Mora, C.P. 56230, Mexico;
| | - Alcives Avila-Sorrosa
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Colonia Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México, C.P. 11340, Mexico;
| | - David Morales-Morales
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Juan M. Germán-Acacio
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14000, Mexico; (M.S.-B.); (G.C.-D.); (J.C.P.-F.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Helliwell JR. Combining X-rays, neutrons and electrons, and NMR, for precision and accuracy in structure-function studies. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2021; 77:173-185. [PMID: 33944796 PMCID: PMC8127390 DOI: 10.1107/s205327332100317x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The distinctive features of the physics-based probes used in understanding the structure of matter focusing on biological sciences, but not exclusively, are described in the modern context. This is set in a wider scope of holistic biology and the scepticism about `reductionism', what is called the `molecular level', and how to respond constructively. These topics will be set alongside the principles of accuracy and precision, and their boundaries. The combination of probes and their application together is the usual way of realizing accuracy. The distinction between precision and accuracy can be blurred by the predictive force of a precise structure, thereby lending confidence in its potential accuracy. These descriptions will be applied to the comparison of cryo and room-temperature protein crystal structures as well as the solid state of a crystal and the same molecules studied by small-angle X-ray scattering in solution and by electron microscopy on a sample grid. Examples will include: time-resolved X-ray Laue crystallography of an enzyme Michaelis complex formed directly in a crystal equivalent to in vivo; a new iodoplatin for radiation therapy predicted from studies of platin crystal structures; and the field of colouration of carotenoids, as an effective assay of function, i.e. their colouration, when unbound and bound to a protein. The complementarity of probes, as well as their combinatory use, is then at the foundation of real (biologically relevant), probe-artefacts-free, structure-function studies. The foundations of our methodologies are being transformed by colossal improvements in technologies of X-ray and neutron sources and their beamline instruments, as well as improved electron microscopes and NMR spectrometers. The success of protein structure prediction from gene sequence recently reported by CASP14 also opens new doors to change and extend the foundations of the structural sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R. Helliwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Drużbicki K, Gaboardi M, Fernandez-Alonso F. Dynamics & Spectroscopy with Neutrons-Recent Developments & Emerging Opportunities. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1440. [PMID: 33947108 PMCID: PMC8125526 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This work provides an up-to-date overview of recent developments in neutron spectroscopic techniques and associated computational tools to interrogate the structural properties and dynamical behavior of complex and disordered materials, with a focus on those of a soft and polymeric nature. These have and continue to pave the way for new scientific opportunities simply thought unthinkable not so long ago, and have particularly benefited from advances in high-resolution, broadband techniques spanning energy transfers from the meV to the eV. Topical areas include the identification and robust assignment of low-energy modes underpinning functionality in soft solids and supramolecular frameworks, or the quantification in the laboratory of hitherto unexplored nuclear quantum effects dictating thermodynamic properties. In addition to novel classes of materials, we also discuss recent discoveries around water and its phase diagram, which continue to surprise us. All throughout, emphasis is placed on linking these ongoing and exciting experimental and computational developments to specific scientific questions in the context of the discovery of new materials for sustainable technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Drużbicki
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain;
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mattia Gaboardi
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Felix Fernandez-Alonso
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain;
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Carnevale D, Mouchaham G, Wang S, Baudin M, Serre C, Bodenhausen G, Abergel D. Natural abundance oxygen-17 solid-state NMR of metal organic frameworks enhanced by dynamic nuclear polarization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2245-2251. [PMID: 33443274 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06064j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The 17O resonances of zirconium-oxo clusters that can be found in porous Zr carboxylate metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been investigated by magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy enhanced by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). High-resolution 17O spectra at 0.037% natural abundance could be obtained in 48 hours, thanks to DNP enhancement of the 1H polarization by factors ε(1H) = Swith/Swithout = 28, followed by 1H → 17O cross-polarization, allowing a saving in experimental time by a factor of ca. 800. The distinct 17O sites from the oxo-clusters can be resolved at 18.8 T. Their assignment is supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations of chemical shifts and quadrupolar parameters. Protonation of 17O sites seems to be leading to large characteristic shifts. Hence, natural abundance 17O NMR spectra of diamagnetic MOFs can thus be used to probe and characterize the local environment of different 17O sites on an atomic scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Carnevale
- Laboratoire des biomolécules, LBM, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hope MA, Nakamura T, Ahlawat P, Mishra A, Cordova M, Jahanbakhshi F, Mladenović M, Runjhun R, Merten L, Hinderhofer A, Carlsen BI, Kubicki DJ, Gershoni-Poranne R, Schneeberger T, Carbone LC, Liu Y, Zakeeruddin SM, Lewinski J, Hagfeldt A, Schreiber F, Rothlisberger U, Grätzel M, Milić JV, Emsley L. Nanoscale Phase Segregation in Supramolecular π-Templating for Hybrid Perovskite Photovoltaics from NMR Crystallography. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1529-1538. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Hope
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Toru Nakamura
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Technology Innovation Division, Panasonic Corporation, Osaka 570-8501, Japan
| | - Paramvir Ahlawat
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Aditya Mishra
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Cordova
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Jahanbakhshi
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Marko Mladenović
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Rashmi Runjhun
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Lena Merten
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Brian I. Carlsen
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Dominik J. Kubicki
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Schneeberger
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Loï C. Carbone
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Shaik M. Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Janusz Lewinski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ursula Rothlisberger
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Jovana V. Milić
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yunusova SN, Bolotin DS, Vovk MA, Tolstoy PM, Kukushkin VY. Tetrabromomethane as an Organic Catalyst: a Kinetic Study of CBr
4
‐Catalyzed Schiff Condensation. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sevilya N. Yunusova
- Institute of Chemistry Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Dmitrii S. Bolotin
- Institute of Chemistry Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A. Vovk
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Saint Petersburg State University Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Peter M. Tolstoy
- Institute of Chemistry Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Institute of Chemistry Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Crystal Engineering of Functional Materials South Ural State University 76, Lenin Av. 454080 Chelyabinsk Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Resolving the Acid Site Distribution in Zn-Exchanged ZSM-5 with Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10111331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zeolites are widely used acid catalysts in research and in industrial processes. The catalytic performance of these materials is affected by the nature and concentration of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites. The balance between these types of active sites—and thus the activity and selectivity of the zeolite—can be altered by the introduction of metal species, e.g., by ion exchange. Although the acidic properties of zeolites are routinely characterized by bulk-scale techniques, this ensemble-averaged approach neglects the local variations in the material. Insights into the distribution of active sites at the single-particle level are thus critical to better understand the impact of post-synthetic modifications on the zeolite acidity. In this contribution, we spatially resolve Brønsted and Lewis acid sites in protonated and Zn-exchanged ZSM-5 crystals. To this end, the vibrational modes of pyridine chemisorbed on active sites are mapped with stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy. The SRS images reveal sharp inter- and intra-particle heterogeneities in the distribution of Lewis acid sites introduced upon ion exchange, ascribed to local variations in the Al content. Besides assessing the impact of Zn exchange on the active site distribution in ZSM-5 crystals, this approach enables uniquely to map the distribution of Lewis acid sites in catalysts at the single-particle level.
Collapse
|
40
|
Damodaran K, Geib SJ, Thompson RL. Multinuclear Solid-State NMR and Crystal structure of an Ionic Solid: Bu-DABCO-Tf 2 N. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2020; 58:1139-1142. [PMID: 31828852 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven J Geib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Robert L Thompson
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, PA
- Leidos Research Support Team, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chalek KR, Dong X, Tong F, Kudla RA, Zhu L, Gill AD, Xu W, Yang C, Hartman JD, Magalhães A, Al-Kaysi RO, Hayward RC, Hooley RJ, Beran GJO, Bardeen CJ, Mueller LJ. Bridging photochemistry and photomechanics with NMR crystallography: the molecular basis for the macroscopic expansion of an anthracene ester nanorod. Chem Sci 2020; 12:453-463. [PMID: 34163608 PMCID: PMC8178812 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05118g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystals composed of photoreactive molecules represent a new class of photomechanical materials with the potential to generate large forces on fast timescales. An example is the photodimerization of 9-tert-butyl-anthracene ester (9TBAE) in molecular crystal nanorods that leads to an average elongation of 8%. Previous work showed that this expansion results from the formation of a metastable crystalline product. In this article, it is shown how a novel combination of ensemble oriented-crystal solid-state NMR, X-ray diffraction, and first principles computational modeling can be used to establish the absolute unit cell orientations relative to the shape change, revealing the atomic-resolution mechanism for the photomechanical response and enabling the construction of a model that predicts an elongation of 7.4%, in good agreement with the experimental value. According to this model, the nanorod expansion does not result from an overall change in the volume of the unit cell, but rather from an anisotropic rearrangement of the molecular contents. The ability to understand quantitatively how molecular-level photochemistry generates mechanical displacements allows us to predict that the expansion could be tuned from +9% to -9.5% by controlling the initial orientation of the unit cell with respect to the nanorod axis. This application of NMR-assisted crystallography provides a new tool capable of tying the atomic-level structural rearrangement of the reacting molecular species to the mechanical response of a nanostructured sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Chalek
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Xinning Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Fei Tong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Ryan A Kudla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Adam D Gill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder 3415 Colorado Ave. Boulder CO 80303 USA
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Joshua D Hartman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Alviclér Magalhães
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Rabih O Al-Kaysi
- College of Science and Health Professions-3124, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs Riyadh 11426 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ryan C Hayward
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder 3415 Colorado Ave. Boulder CO 80303 USA
| | - Richard J Hooley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Gregory J O Beran
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | | | - Leonard J Mueller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside Riverside CA 92521 USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Blade H, Blundell CD, Brown SP, Carson J, Dannatt HRW, Hughes LP, Menakath AK. Conformations in Solution and in Solid-State Polymorphs: Correlating Experimental and Calculated Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Chemical Shifts for Tolfenamic Acid. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:8959-8977. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c07000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Blade
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | | | - Steven P. Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Jake Carson
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | | | - Leslie P. Hughes
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jurczak E, Mazurek AH, Szeleszczuk Ł, Pisklak DM, Zielińska-Pisklak M. Pharmaceutical Hydrates Analysis-Overview of Methods and Recent Advances. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100959. [PMID: 33050621 PMCID: PMC7601571 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses a set of instrumental and computational methods that are used to characterize hydrated forms of APIs (active pharmaceutical ingredients). The focus has been put on highlighting advantages as well as on presenting some limitations of the selected analytical approaches. This has been performed in order to facilitate the choice of an appropriate method depending on the type of the structural feature that is to be analyzed, that is, degree of hydration, crystal structure and dynamics, and (de)hydration kinetics. The presented techniques include X-ray diffraction (single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD)), spectroscopic (solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (ssNMR), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)), gravimetric (dynamic vapour sorption (DVS)), and computational (molecular mechanics (MM), Quantum Mechanics (QM), molecular dynamics (MD)) methods. Further, the successful applications of the presented methods in the studies of hydrated APIs as well as studies on the excipients' influence on these processes have been described in many examples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jurczak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair and Department of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.J.); (A.H.M.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Anna Helena Mazurek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair and Department of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.J.); (A.H.M.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Łukasz Szeleszczuk
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair and Department of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.J.); (A.H.M.); (D.M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-501-255-121
| | - Dariusz Maciej Pisklak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair and Department of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (E.J.); (A.H.M.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Monika Zielińska-Pisklak
- Department of Biomaterials Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lucier BEG, Terskikh VV, Guo J, Bourque JL, McOnie SL, Ripmeester JA, Huang Y, Baines KM. Chlorine-35 Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as an Indirect Probe of the Oxidation Number of Tin in Tin Chlorides. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13651-13670. [PMID: 32883071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ultrawideline 35Cl solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectra of a series of 12 tin chlorides were recorded. The magnitude of the 35Cl quadrupolar coupling constant (CQ) was shown to consistently indicate the chemical state (oxidation number) of the bound Sn center. The chemical state of the Sn center was independently verified by tin Mössbauer spectroscopy. CQ(35Cl) values of >30 MHz correspond to Sn(IV), while CQ(35Cl) readings of <30 MHz indicate that Sn(II) is present. Tin-119 SSNMR experiments would seem to be the most direct and effective route to interrogating tin in these systems, yet we show that ambiguous results can emerge from this method, which may lead to an incorrect interpretation of the Sn oxidation number. The accumulated 35Cl NMR data are used as a guide to assign the Sn oxidation number in the mixed-valent metal complex Ph3PPdImSnCl2. The synthesis and crystal structure of the related Ph3PPtImSnCl2 are reported, and 195Pt and 35Cl SSNMR experiments were also used to investigate its Pt-Sn bonding. Plane-wave DFT calculations of 35Cl, 119Sn, and 195Pt NMR parameters are used to model and interpret experimental data, supported by computed 119Sn and 195Pt chemical shift tensor orientations. Given the ubiquity of directly bound Cl centers in organometallic and inorganic systems, there is tremendous potential for widespread usage of 35Cl SSNMR parameters to provide a reliable indication of the chemical state in metal chlorides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan E G Lucier
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Victor V Terskikh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jiacheng Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jeremy L Bourque
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Sarah L McOnie
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - John A Ripmeester
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Yining Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Kim M Baines
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Potnuru LR, Duong NT, Ahlawat S, Raran-Kurussi S, Ernst M, Nishiyama Y, Agarwal V. Accuracy of 1H- 1H distances measured using frequency selective recoupling and fast magic-angle spinning. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:084202. [PMID: 32872876 DOI: 10.1063/5.0019717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective recoupling of protons (SERP) is a method to selectively and quantitatively measure magnetic dipole-dipole interaction between protons and, in turn, the proton-proton distance in solid-state samples at fast magic-angle spinning. We present a bimodal operator-based Floquet approach to describe the numerically optimized SERP recoupling sequence. The description calculates the allowed terms in the first-order effective Hamiltonian, explains the origin of selectivity during recoupling, and shows how different terms are modulated as a function of the radio frequency amplitude and the phase of the sequence. Analytical and numerical simulations have been used to evaluate the effect of higher-order terms and offsets on the polarization transfer efficiency and quantitative distance measurement. The experimentally measured 1H-1H distances on a fully protonated thymol sample are ∼10%-15% shorter than those reported from diffraction studies. A semi-quantitative model combined with extensive numerical simulations is used to rationalize the effect of the third-spin and the role of different parameters in the experimentally observed shorter distances. Measurements at high magnetic fields improve the match between experimental and diffraction distances. The measurement of 1H-1H couplings at offsets different from the SERP-offset has also been explored. Experiments were also performed on a perdeuterated ubiquitin sample to demonstrate the feasibility of simultaneously measuring multiple quantitative distances and to evaluate the accuracy of the measured distance in the absence of multispin effects. The estimation of proton-proton distances provides a boost to structural characterization of small pharmaceuticals and biomolecules, given that the positions of protons are generally not well defined in x-ray structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lokeswara Rao Potnuru
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Survey No. 36/P, Gopanpally, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 107, India
| | - Nghia Tuan Duong
- NMR Science and Development Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, and Nano-Crystallography Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Sahil Ahlawat
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Survey No. 36/P, Gopanpally, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 107, India
| | - Sreejith Raran-Kurussi
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Survey No. 36/P, Gopanpally, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 107, India
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yusuke Nishiyama
- NMR Science and Development Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, and Nano-Crystallography Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Vipin Agarwal
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Survey No. 36/P, Gopanpally, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 107, India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nardelli F, Borsacchi S, Calucci L, Carignani E, Martini F, Geppi M. Anisotropy and NMR spectroscopy. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-020-00945-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this paper, different aspects concerning anisotropy in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy have been reviewed. In particular, the relevant theory has been presented, showing how anisotropy stems from the dependence of internal nuclear spin interactions on the molecular orientation with respect to the external magnetic field direction. The consequences of anisotropy in the use of NMR spectroscopy have been critically discussed: on one side, the availability of very detailed structural and dynamic information, and on the other side, the loss of spectral resolution. The experiments used to measure the anisotropic properties in solid and soft materials, where, in contrast to liquids, such properties are not averaged out by the molecular tumbling, have been described. Such experiments can be based either on static low-resolution techniques or on one- and two-dimensional pulse sequences exploiting Magic Angle Spinning (MAS). Examples of applications of NMR spectroscopy have been shown, which exploit anisotropy to obtain important physico-chemical information on several categories of systems, including pharmaceuticals, inorganic materials, polymers, liquid crystals, and self-assembling amphiphiles in water. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy can be considered, nowadays, one of the most powerful characterization techniques for all kinds of solid, either amorphous or crystalline, and semi-solid systems for the obtainment of both structural and dynamic properties on a molecular and supra-molecular scale.
Graphic abstract
Collapse
|
47
|
Ashbrook SE, Dawson DM, Gan Z, Hooper JE, Hung I, Macfarlane LE, McKay D, McLeod LK, Walton RI. Application of NMR Crystallography to Highly Disordered Templated Materials: Extensive Local Structural Disorder in the Gallophosphate GaPO-34A. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11616-11626. [PMID: 32799506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present an NMR crystallographic investigation of two as-made forms of the recently characterized gallophosphate GaPO-34A, which has an unusual framework composition with a Ga:P ratio of 7:6 and contains both hydroxide and fluoride anions and either 1-methylimidazolium or pyridinium as the structure-directing agent. We combine previously reported X-ray crystallographic data with solid-state NMR spectroscopy and periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations to show that the structure contains at least three distinct types of disorder (occupational, compositional, and dynamic). The occupational disorder arises from the presence of six anion sites per unit cell, but a total occupancy of five of these, leading to full occupancy of four sites and partial occupancy of the fifth and sixth (which are related by symmetry). The mixture of OH and F present leads to compositional disorder on the occupied anion sites, although the occupancy of some sites by F is calculated to be energetically unfavorable and signals relating to F on these sites are not observed by NMR spectroscopy, confirming that the compositional disorder is not random. Finally, a combination of high-field 71Ga NMR spectroscopy and variable-temperature 13C and 31P NMR experiments shows that the structure directing agents are dynamic on the microsecond time scale, which can be supported by averaging the 31P chemical shifts calculated with the SDA in different orientations. This demonstrates the value of an NMR crystallographic approach, particularly in the case of highly disordered crystalline materials, where the growth of large single crystals for conventional structure determination may not be possible owing to the extent of disorder present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Ashbrook
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M Dawson
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Zhehong Gan
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Joseph E Hooper
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Hung
- Center of Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Laurie E Macfarlane
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - David McKay
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy K McLeod
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Richard I Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Corlett EK, Blade H, Hughes LP, Sidebottom PJ, Walker D, Walton RI, Brown SP. Investigating discrepancies between experimental solid-state NMR and GIPAW calculation: NC-N 13C and OH⋯O 1H chemical shifts in pyridinium fumarates and their cocrystals. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2020; 108:101662. [PMID: 32590237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2020.101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An NMR crystallography analysis is presented for four solid-state structures of pyridine fumarates and their cocrystals, using crystal structures deposited in the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, CCDC. Experimental one-dimensional one-pulse 1H and 13C cross-polarisation (CP) magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and two-dimensional 14N-1H heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence MAS NMR spectra are compared with gauge-including projector augmented wave (GIPAW) calculations of the 1H and 13C chemical shifts and the 14N shifts that additionally depend on the quadrupolar interaction. Considering the high ppm (>10 ppm) 1H resonances, while there is good agreement (within 0.4 ppm) between experiment and GIPAW calculation for the hydrogen-bonded NH moieties, the hydrogen-bonded fumaric acid OH resonances are 1.2-1.9 ppm higher in GIPAW calculation as compared to experiment. For the cocrystals of a salt and a salt formed by 2-amino-5-methylpyridinium and 2-amino-6-methylpyridinium ions, a large discrepancy of 4.2 and 5.9 ppm between experiment and GIPAW calculation is observed for the quaternary ring carbon 13C resonance that is directly bonded to two nitrogens (in the ring and in the amino group). By comparison, there is excellent agreement (within 0.2 ppm) for the quaternary ring carbon 13C resonance directly bonded to the ring nitrogen for the salt and cocrystal of a salt formed by 2,6-lutidinium and 2,5-lutidinium, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Corlett
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Helen Blade
- Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Leslie P Hughes
- Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Philip J Sidebottom
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - David Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Richard I Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Steven P Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Duong NT, Raran-Kurussi S, Nishiyama Y, Agarwal V. Can proton-proton recoupling in fully protonated solids provide quantitative, selective and efficient polarization transfer? JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 317:106777. [PMID: 32619889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dipolar recoupling sequences have been used to probe spatial proximity of nuclear spins and were traditionally designed to probe rare spins such as 13C and/or 15N nuclei. The multi-spin dipolar-coupling network of the rare spins is weak due to smaller couplings and large chemical shift dispersion. Therefore, the recoupling approaches were tailored to design offset compensated or broadband sequences. In contrast, protons have a substantially stronger dipolar-coupling network and much narrower chemical shift range. Broadband recoupling sequences such as radio-frequency driven recoupling (RFDR), back-to-back (BABA), and lab frame proton-proton spin diffusion have been routinely used to characterize the structures of protein/macromolecules and small molecules. Recently selective 1H-1H recoupling sequences have been proposed that combine chemical shift offset of the resolved proton spectrum (at fast MAS) with first- and second-order dipolar recoupling Hamiltonians to obtain quantitative and qualitative proton distances, respectively. Herein, we evaluate the performances of broadband and selective proton recoupling sequences such as finite pulse RFDR (fp-RFDR), band-selective spectral spin diffusion (BASS-SD), second-order cross-polarization (SOCP), and selective recoupling of proton (SERP) in terms of the selectivity and efficiency of 1H-1H polarization transfers in a dense network of proton spins and explore the possibility of measuring 1H-1H distances. We use theoretical considerations, numerical simulations, and experiments to support the distinct advantages and disadvantages of each recoupling sequence. Experiments were performed on L-histidine.HCl.H2O at a MAS frequency of 71.43 kHz. This study rationalizes the proper selection of 1H-1H recoupling sequences when working with fully protonated solids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nghia Tuan Duong
- NMR Science and Development Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, and Nano-Crystallography Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Sreejith Raran-Kurussi
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Sy. No. 36/P, Gopanpally, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 107, India
| | - Yusuke Nishiyama
- NMR Science and Development Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, and Nano-Crystallography Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; JEOL RESONANCE Inc., Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan.
| | - Vipin Agarwal
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Sy. No. 36/P, Gopanpally, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 107, India.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ding F, Griffith KJ, Koçer CP, Saballos RJ, Wang Y, Zhang C, Nisbet ML, Morris AJ, Rondinelli JM, Poeppelmeier KR. Multimodal Structure Solution with 19F NMR Crystallography of Spin Singlet Molybdenum Oxyfluorides. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12288-12298. [PMID: 32530621 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Complex crystal structures with subtle atomic-scale details are now routinely solved using complementary tools such as X-ray and/or neutron scattering combined with electron diffraction and imaging. Identifying unambiguous atomic models for oxyfluorides, needed for materials design and structure-property control, is often still a considerable challenge despite their advantageous optical responses and applications in energy storage systems. In this work, NMR crystallography and single-crystal X-ray diffraction are combined for the complete structure solution of three new compounds featuring a rare triangular early transition metal oxyfluoride cluster, [Mo3O4F9]5-. After framework identification by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, 1D and 2D solid-state 19F NMR spectroscopy supported by ab initio calculations are used to solve the structures of K5[Mo3O4F9]·3H2O (1), K5[Mo3O4F9]·2H2O (2), and K16[Mo3O4F9]2[TiF6]3·2H2O (3) and to assign the nine distinct fluorine sites in the oxyfluoride clusters. Furthermore, 19F NMR identifies selective fluorine dynamics in K16[Mo3O4F9]2[TiF6]3·2H2O. These dual scattering and spectroscopy methods are used to demonstrate the generality and sensitivity of 19F shielding to small changes in bond length, on the order of 0.01 Å or less, even in the presence of hydrogen bonding, metal-metal bonding, and electrostatic interactions. Starting from the structure models, the nature of chemical bonding in the molybdates is explained by molecular orbital theory and electronic structure calculations. The average Mo-Mo distance of 2.505 Å and diamagnetism in 1, 2, and 3 are attributed to a metal-metal bond order of unity along with a 1a21e4 electronic ground state configuration for the [Mo3O4F9]5- cluster, leading to a rare trimeric spin singlet involving d2 Mo4+ ions. The approach to structure solution and bonding analysis is a powerful strategy for understanding the structures and chemical properties of complex fluorides and oxyfluorides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Can P Koçer
- Theory of Condensed Matter Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew J Morris
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | | | | |
Collapse
|