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Matsumoto H, Kawashima N, Yamamoto T, Nakama M, Otsuka H, Ago Y, Sasai H, Kubota K, Ozeki M, Kawamoto N, Esaka Y, Ohnishi H. In vitro functional analysis of four variants of human asparagine synthetase. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:1226-1234. [PMID: 34080208 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The loss-of-function variants of the human asparagine synthetase (ASNS) gene cause asparagine synthetase deficiency (ASNSD). Diagnosis of ASNSD requires genetic tests because a specific biochemical diagnostic for ASNSD is not available. There are a few reports describing the functional evaluation of ASNS variants. Therefore, in vitro methods are needed to evaluate the detected variants in patients. In this report, five types of human ASNS proteins (wild-type and our reported four variants: p.Leu145Ser, p.Leu247Trp, p.Val489Asp, and p.Trp541Cysfs*5) were expressed in silkworm using a baculoviral expression system. An enzymatic activity assay of ASNS was performed, and the concentration of asparagine by ninhydrin and High Performance Liquid Chromatography methods using the purified recombinant proteins was measured. We established ASNS deficient HEK293 cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 method and evaluated the growth of cells without asparagine after transduction of ASNS variants with a lentiviral expression system. The four ASNS variants displayed significantly low enzymatic activity. The ASNS deficient HEK293 cells transduced with wild-type ASNS grew without asparagine, whereas cells transduced with the variants did not grow or showed significantly slower growth than cells transduced with wild-type ASNS. Herein, we established a method for evaluating the enzymatic activity of the recombinant human ASNS variants. The results of the cell-based assay corroborated the results of the enzymatic activity. These methods should enable the evaluation of the pathogenicity of ASNS variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Nana Kawashima
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Educational Support Center for Pediatric Home-Based Medical Care, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mina Nakama
- Clinical Genetics Center, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Otsuka
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Clinical Genetics Center, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Ago
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideo Sasai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Clinical Genetics Center, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kubota
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Educational Support Center for Pediatric Home-Based Medical Care, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Clinical Genetics Center, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Michio Ozeki
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Norio Kawamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Esaka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ohnishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Educational Support Center for Pediatric Home-Based Medical Care, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Clinical Genetics Center, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
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Liu S, Miersch S, Li P, Bai B, Liu C, Qin W, Su J, Huang H, Pan J, Sidhu SS, Wu D. A Synthetic Human Antibody Antagonizes IL-18Rβ Signaling Through an Allosteric Mechanism. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:1169-1182. [PMID: 31954129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin-18 subfamily belongs to the interleukin-1 family and plays an important role in modulating innate and adaptive immune responses. Dysregulation of IL-18 has been implicated in or correlated with numerous diseases, including inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. Thus, blockade of IL-18 signaling may offer therapeutic benefits in many pathological settings. Here, we report the development of synthetic human antibodies that target human IL-18Rβ and block IL-18-mediated IFN-γ secretion by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK dependent pathways. The crystal structure of a potent antagonist antibody in complex with IL-18Rβ revealed inhibition through an unexpected allosteric mechanism. Our findings offer a novel means for therapeutic intervention in the IL-18 pathway and may provide a new strategy for targeting cytokine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusu Liu
- Laboratory of Antibody Engineering, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shane Miersch
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Terrence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ping Li
- Laboratory of Antibody Engineering, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Bingxin Bai
- Laboratory of Antibody Engineering, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunchun Liu
- Laboratory of Antibody Engineering, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenming Qin
- National Facility for Protein Science (Shanghai), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (Zhangjiang Lab), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Su
- Laboratory of Antibody Engineering, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiming Huang
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Terrence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Shanghai Asian United Antibody Medical Co., Shanghai, China
| | - James Pan
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Terrence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- Laboratory of Antibody Engineering, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China; Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Terrence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Donghui Wu
- Laboratory of Antibody Engineering, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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An innate interaction between IL-18 and the propeptide that inactivates its precursor form. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6160. [PMID: 30992532 PMCID: PMC6467916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled secretion of mature interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 is responsible for severe autoinflammatory or autoimmune disorders and various allergic diseases. Here we report an intramolecular interaction between IL-18 and its propeptide, which is proteolytically removed from its precursor proIL-18 during maturation. The intramolecular interaction was recapitulated intermolecularly using recombinant propeptide. These results suggest the possibility of developing a novel class of peptide-based IL-18 inhibitors that could serve as therapeutic agents for IL-18-related inflammatory diseases.
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Abstract
IL-37 is a unique member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, which functions as a natural suppressor of inflammatory and immune responses. Immune and non-immune cells produce IL-37 precursor following pro-inflammatory stimuli. Following activating cleavage by caspase-1, mature IL-37 translocates to the nucleus, where it suppresses transcription of pro-inflammatory genes. Both precursor and mature IL-37 are also secreted in the extracellular space, where they bind IL-18Rα and recruit the IL-1R8 (formerly TIR8 or SIGIRR), which transduces anti-inflammatory signals by suppressing NF-kB and MAPK and by activating Mer-PTEN-DOK pathways. During inflammation, IL-37 restores the metabolism of the cell by reducing succinate, inhibiting mTOR, and activating AMPK. Transgenic mice expressing human IL-37 and wild type mice treated with recombinant human IL-37 are protected from several experimental models of inflammation, including endotoxin shock, colitis, lung and spinal cord injury, coronary artery disease, arthritis and inflammation-induced fatigue, while also exhibiting reduced adaptive immune responses. In humans, IL-37 likely functions to limit excessive inflammation: accordingly, IL-37 levels are abnormal in patients with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the discovery and biology of IL-37, and discuss the potential for development of this cytokine as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Cavalli
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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Abstract
The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of cytokines and receptors is unique in immunology because the IL-1 family and Toll-like receptor (TLR) families share similar functions. More than any other cytokine family, the IL-1 family is primarily associated with innate immunity. More than 95% of living organisms use innate immune mechanisms for survival whereas less than 5% depend on T- and B-cell functions. Innate immunity is manifested by inflammation, which can function as a mechanism of host defense but when uncontrolled is detrimental to survival. Each member of the IL-1 receptor and TLR family contains the cytoplasmic Toll-IL-1-Receptor (TIR) domain. The 50 amino acid TIR domains are highly homologous with the Toll protein in Drosophila. The TIR domain is nearly the same and present in each TLR and each IL-1 receptor family. Whereas IL-1 family cytokine members trigger innate inflammation via IL-1 family of receptors, TLRs trigger inflammation via bacteria, microbial products, viruses, nucleic acids, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In fact, IL-1 family member IL-1a and IL-33 also function as DAMPs. Although the inflammatory properties of the IL-1 family dominate in innate immunity, IL-1 family member can play a role in acquired immunity. This overview is a condensed update of the IL-1 family of cytokines and receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Krumm B, Meng X, Xiang Y, Deng J. Crystallization of interleukin-18 for structure-based inhibitor design. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2015; 71:710-7. [PMID: 26057800 PMCID: PMC4461335 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x15006871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine belonging to the IL-1 superfamily. IL-18 plays an important role in host innate and acquired immune defense, with its activity being modulated in vivo by its naturally occurring antagonist IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP). Recent crystal structures of human IL-18 (hIL-18) in complex with its antagonist or cognate receptor(s) have revealed a conserved binding interface on hIL-18 representing a promising drug target. An important step in this process is obtaining crystals of apo hIL-18 or hIL-18 in complex with small-molecule inhibitors, preferably under low ionic strength conditions. In this study, surface-entropy reduction (SER) and rational protein design were employed to facilitate the crystallization of hIL-18. The results provide an excellent platform for structure-based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Krumm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Xiangzhi Meng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Junpeng Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Einspahr H, Weiss MS, Hunter WN. Crystals on the cover 2015. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2015. [PMCID: PMC4304739 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x1402754x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystals on the cover of Acta Cryst. F.
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Tsutsumi N, Kimura T, Arita K, Ariyoshi M, Ohnishi H, Yamamoto T, Zuo X, Maenaka K, Park EY, Kondo N, Shirakawa M, Tochio H, Kato Z. The structural basis for receptor recognition of human interleukin-18. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5340. [PMID: 25500532 PMCID: PMC4275594 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the IL-1 family and plays an important role in inflammation. The uncontrolled release of this cytokine is associated with severe chronic inflammatory disease. IL-18 forms a signalling complex with the IL-18 receptor α (Rα) and β (Rβ) chains at the plasma membrane, which induces multiple inflammatory cytokines. Here, we present a crystal structure of human IL-18 bound to the two receptor extracellular domains. Generally, the receptors' recognition mode for IL-18 is similar to IL-1β; however, certain notable differences were observed. The architecture of the IL-18 receptor second domain (D2) is unique among the other IL-1R family members, which presumably distinguishes them from the IL-1 receptors that exhibit a more promiscuous ligand recognition mode. The structures and associated biochemical and cellular data should aid in developing novel drugs to neutralize IL-18 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotaka Tsutsumi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Kyohei Arita
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mariko Ariyoshi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ohnishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Xiaobing Zuo
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science and Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, , Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ki, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Enoch Y. Park
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Graduate school of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Naomi Kondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Heisei College of Health Sciences, 180 Kurono, Gifu 501-1131, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Core Research of Evolution Science (CREST), Japan Sciences and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Hidehito Tochio
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Zenichiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Biomedical Informatics, Medical Information Sciences Division, The United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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