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Wang T, Butterworth P, Cooklin A, Strazdins L, Leach L. Investigating the association between Work Family Conflicts (WFC) and suicidal ideation in an Australian community-based cohort study. J Affect Disord 2024; 363:483-491. [PMID: 39019220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation, a significant public health issue, necessitates further investigation of its correlates and precursors. Extensive research highlights the association between Work Family Conflicts (WFC) and psychological distress, including depression. However, research examining the correlation between high WFC experiences and suicidal ideation is sparse. This study explores the association between WFC and suicidal ideation within an occupation non-specific community sample. METHODS Community-based, representative data from the Australian-based Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life project formed the basis of this study. Participants eligible for the study (N = 1312) were employed either full-time or part-time and took part in an online questionnaire. Importantly, the data include robust measures of WFC, active suicidal ideation, and depression. RESULTS After adjusting for psychosocial job characteristics, history of suicidal ideation, and other socio-demographic factors, high WFC was associated with increased odds of active suicidal ideation (Model 4: OR: 1.58, CI: 1.04-2.40). Further, supplementary analyses indicated that depression is an important component of this relationship. Analyses exploring an interaction effect by gender showed that while a significant association between high WFC and suicidality was observed among men after adjustment for all covariates, this association was not evident for women. LIMITATIONS A small number of participants reported suicidal ideation, potentially affecting the statistical power to detect significant effects. WFC was measured at one time-point, prohibiting the exploration of its causal and/or chronic impact on suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION We find evidence that high WFC is linked to increased active suicidal ideation - specifically for men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Wang
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (NCEPH), The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | | | - Amanda Cooklin
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lyndall Strazdins
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (NCEPH), The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Liana Leach
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (NCEPH), The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Wang T, Butterworth P, Cooklin A, Strazdins L, Leach L. Investigating the association between work family conflict (WFC) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in an Australian community-based cohort study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s00127-024-02672-8. [PMID: 38780779 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-024-02672-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Difficulties managing work and family demands are common and have been found to be associated with stress and poor mental health. However, very few studies have examined Work Family Conflict (WFC) in connection with diagnosable anxiety disorders (and none with Australian representative data). The current study investigated whether high WFC was significantly associated with a diagnosis of Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) after controlling for a broad range of socio-demographic contextual factors, related psychosocial job, family and individual characteristics, and prior anxiety symptom history. METHODS Data was analysed from an Australian population-based community cohort - the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life project. Eligible participants (N = 1159) were employed full-time or part-time, with data collected by both online questionnaire and face-to-face interview. Presence of Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in the past 12-months was diagnosed by the GAD module in the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) (based on DSM-IV criteria) and severe anxiety symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) 7-item 'other anxiety' model. RESULTS The findings consistently showed that those experiencing high WFC had higher odds of a GAD diagnosis (final adjusted model: CIDI: OR: 2.55, CI: 1.38-4.70) as well as clinical levels of anxiety symptoms (PHQ: OR:2.61, CI:1.44,4.72). This was the case after controlling for an extensive range of covariates. CONCLUSIONS This is one of the first studies to show that WFC is associated with greater likelihood of GAD. The challenge of juggling both work and family can have far-reaching impacts - not just increasing distress broadly, but also potentially increasing the likelihood of clinically diagnosable anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Wang
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (NCEPH), The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia.
| | - Peter Butterworth
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (NCEPH), The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Amanda Cooklin
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lyndall Strazdins
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (NCEPH), The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Liana Leach
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (NCEPH), The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia
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Baron S, Cuervo I, Winkel G, Flores D, Gonzalez A, Harari H. Employment Quality and Mental and Self-Reported Health Inequities among Latinx Housecleaners: The Safe and Just Cleaners Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15973. [PMID: 36498045 PMCID: PMC9741237 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Precarious employment, such as housecleaning, is one important structural contributor to health inequities. We used an employment quality (EQ) framework to characterize the impact of employment conditions on mental and self-reported ill-health among Latinx housecleaners in the New York City metropolitan area. Using a community-based participatory research approach, we collected cross-sectional survey data from 402 housecleaners between August 2019 and February 2020 to characterize housecleaners' EQ and its association with depression, perceived stress, and self-reported health. We also measured work-related irritant eye, skin, and respiratory symptoms, which have been shown in previous research to be associated with housecleaners' exposure to chemical components of cleaning products. Our housecleaner cohort was largely female and immigrant and most had worked at least five years. Survey items capturing the EQ dimensions of unbalanced interpersonal relations, low material resources, and violations of workers' rights were associated with increased odds of depression, perceived stress, and self-reported ill-health. Work-related irritant eye, skin, and respiratory symptoms were also independently associated with mental and self-reported ill-health and some of the effects of EQ on health were potentially partially mediated through their association with work-related irritant symptoms. Findings can inform directions for community-based educational and policy initiatives to improve housecleaners' employment quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Baron
- Barry Commoner Center for Health and the Environment, Queens College, City University of New York, Queens, New York, NY 11367, USA
| | - Isabel Cuervo
- Barry Commoner Center for Health and the Environment, Queens College, City University of New York, Queens, New York, NY 11367, USA
| | - Gary Winkel
- Population Health Science and Policy Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | | | - Homero Harari
- Selikoff Centers for Occupational Health, Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Is work-family conflict a pathway between job strain components and binge eating? A cross-sectional analysis from the ELSA-Brasil study. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:16. [PMID: 35123594 PMCID: PMC8817540 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Job strain has been reported as a trigger for binge eating, yet the underlying mechanisms have been unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether work-family conflict is a pathway in the association between job strain and binge eating, considering the possible effect-modifying influence of body mass index (BMI). METHODS This cross-sectional analysis included 12,084 active civil servants from the multicenter Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Job strain was assessed using the Demand-Control-Support Questionnaire. Work-family conflict was considered as a latent variable comprising three items. Binge eating was defined as eating a large amount of food in less than 2 h at least twice a week in the last six months with a sense of lack of control over what and how much was eaten. Structural equation modelling was used to test the role of work-family conflict in the association between job strain and binge eating, stratifying for BMI. RESULTS For individuals of normal weight, positive associations were found between skill discretion and binge eating (standardized coefficient [SC] = 0.209, 95%CI = 0.022-0.396), and between psychological job demands and work-family conflict (SC = 0.571, 95%CI = 0.520-0.622), but no statistically significant indirect effect was found. In overweight individuals, psychological job demands, skill discretion, and work-family conflict were positively associated with binge eating (SC = 0.099, 95%CI = 0.005-0.193; SC = 0.175, 95%CI = 0.062-0.288; and SC = 0.141, 95%CI = 0.077-0.206, respectively). Also, work-family conflict was observed to be a pathway on the associations of psychological job demands and decision authority with binge eating (SC = 0.084, 95%CI = 0.045-0.122; and SC = - 0.008, 95%CI = - 0.015- - 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Work-family conflict partly explains effects of high levels of psychological job demands and low levels of decision authority on binge eating among overweight individuals. Moreover, skill discretion is positively associated with binge eating, regardless of BMI category.
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Chen W, Zhang G, Tian X, Wang L, Luo J. Rasch Analysis of Work-Family Conflict Scale Among Chinese Prison Police. Front Psychol 2021; 12:537005. [PMID: 34025488 PMCID: PMC8136239 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.537005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a special group of police officer, prison police have to endure more work stress and have significant work-family conflict, which may lead to more physical and mental health problems and need to be noticed by the society. The Work-Family Conflict Scale (WFCS) is a brief self-report scale that measures the conflict that an individual experiences between their work and family roles and the extent they interfere with one another. However, there is limited data on the scale's psychometric properties. The aim of this study was to examine the dimensionality and reliability of the Chinese version of the WFCS. The study sample was made up of a total of 717 Chinese prison police (64.7% male, M = 41.73 years, SD = 8.30 years). The Rasch Rating Scale Model (RSM) was used to determine the latent structure and estimate the quality of items and reliability of scale. The principle component analysis (PCA) showed that the assumption of unidimensionality was fulfilled. The infit and outfit mean square (MNSQ) statistics (0.84-1.47) were of a reasonable range, and point-measure correlations (0.64-0.79) indicted good model fit of each item. The item-person separation and reliability indices both met psychometric standards, illustrating good reliability. The person-item map indicated acceptable fit of items and persons, suggesting an alignment between persons and items. In addition, no evidence emerged of differential item functioning across different gender groups. Overall, the WFCS has good reliability and validity, and can be used to accurately evaluate the level of work-family conflict in Chinese prison police.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Center for Big Data Research in Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,A Laboratory for Traumatic Stress Studies, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Guyin Zhang
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Center for Big Data Research in Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xue Tian
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Center for Big Data Research in Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Li Wang
- A Laboratory for Traumatic Stress Studies, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Center for Big Data Research in Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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Harknett K, Schneider D, Wolfe R. Losing sleep over work scheduling? The relationship between work schedules and sleep quality for service sector workers. SSM Popul Health 2020; 12:100681. [PMID: 33195791 PMCID: PMC7644775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the retail and food service sectors, work schedules change from day-to-day and week-to-week, often with little advance notice, posing a potential impediment to healthy sleep patterns. In this article, we use data from the Shift Project collected in 2018 and 2019 for a sample of over 16,000 hourly workers employed in the service sector to examine relationships between unstable and unpredictable work schedules and sleep quality. We extend prior research on shift work and sleep disruption, which has often focused on the health care sector, to the retail and food service sector, which comprises nearly 20 percent of jobs in the U.S. We find that the unstable and unpredictable schedules that are typical in the service sector are associated with poor sleep quality, difficulty falling asleep, waking during sleep, and waking up feeling tired. As a benchmark, we compare unstable and unpredictable work schedules with two well-known predictors of sleep quality - having a young child and working the night shift. The strength of the associations between most types of unstable and unpredictable work schedules and sleep quality are stronger than those of having a pre-school aged child or working a regular night shift. Chronic uncertainty about the timing of work shifts appears to have a pernicious influence on sleep quality, and, given its prevalence for low-wage workers, potentially contributes to stark health inequalities by socioeconomic status.
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Zhang Z, Zhang L, Zu X, Liu T, Zheng J. From Neighboring Behavior to Mental Health in the Community: The Role of Gender and Work-Family Conflict. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E2101. [PMID: 31200572 PMCID: PMC6617099 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This research emphasizes the potential influences of social community environments on low-income employees' mental health. Using a two-wave panel design, we collect 218 matched data from low-income employees in Harbin City, China. We developed a moderated mediation model to test our hypotheses with the following significant results: (1) neighboring behavior, defined as both giving and receiving various kinds of assistance to and from one's neighbors, positively influenced mental health; (2) work-family conflict mediated the relationship between neighboring behavior and mental health; (3) gender moderated the influences of neighboring behavior on mental health, such that neighboring behavior had a stronger positive influence on mental health for females than for males; (4) gender moderated the mediating effect of work-family conflict; that is, the positive influences of neighboring behavior were stronger for female employees than for male employees. This research explores the mechanism and boundary conditions of the relationship between neighboring behavior and mental health. In practice, community managers support community social workers by organizing community-building social activities and supportive programs to enhance residents' neighboring behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenduo Zhang
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Zu
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Tiansen Liu
- School of Economics and Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Junwei Zheng
- Department of Construction Management, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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Hege A, Lemke MK, Apostolopoulos Y, Whitaker B, Sönmez S. Work-Life Conflict among U.S. Long-Haul Truck Drivers: Influences of Work Organization, Perceived Job Stress, Sleep, and Organizational Support. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16060984. [PMID: 30893828 PMCID: PMC6466152 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16060984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Work-life balance and job stress are critical to health and well-being. Long-haul truck driving (LHTD) is among the unhealthiest and most unsafe occupations in the U.S. Despite these disparities, there are no extant published studies examining the influence of work, stress and sleep outcomes on drivers’ work-life balance. The current study investigated whether adverse work organization, stress, and poor sleep health among LHTDs are significantly associated with work-life conflict. Logistic regression was used to examine how work organization characteristics, job stress, and sleep influenced perceived stress and a composite measure of work-life conflict among a sample of 260 U.S. LHTDs. The pattern of regression results dictated subsequent analyses using structural equation modeling (SEM). Perceived job stress was the only statistically significant predictor for work-life balance. Fast pace of work, sleep duration and sleep quality were predictors of perceived job stress. SEM further elucidated that stress mediates the influences of fast work pace, supervisor/coworker support, and low sleep duration on each of the individual work-life balance indicators. There is an urgent need to address work conditions of LHTDs to better support their health, well-being, and work-life balance. Specifically, the findings from this study illustrate that scheduling practices and sleep outcomes could alleviate job stress and need to be addressed to more effectively support work-life balance. Future research and interventions should focus on policy and systems-level change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hege
- Public Health Program, Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Leon Levine Hall, 1179 State Farm Road, P.O. Box 32071, Boone, NC 28607, USA.
| | - Michael K Lemke
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Houston-Downtown, One Main Street, Houston, TX 77002, USA.
- Complexity & Computational Population Health Group, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Yorghos Apostolopoulos
- Complexity & Computational Population Health Group, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Brian Whitaker
- Department of Management, Appalachian State University, 416 Howard Street, P.O. Box 32089, Boone, NC 28608, USA.
| | - Sevil Sönmez
- College of Business Administration, University of Central Florida, 12744 Pegasus Drive, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
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Matijaš M, Merkaš M, Brdovčak B. Job resources and satisfaction across gender: the role of work–family conflict. JOURNAL OF MANAGERIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/jmp-09-2017-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the direct effects of job autonomy and co-worker support on job satisfaction, and the mediational role of work–family conflict (WFC) in the relationship between these job resources and job satisfaction in men and women.
Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional design was used. Participants (n=653) completed the WFC scale (Netemeyer et al., 1996), the job autonomy scale (Costigan et al., 2003), a scale of co-worker support (Sloan, 2012) and a new short multidimensional scale of job satisfaction.
Findings
Higher job autonomy and co-worker support contribute positively to job satisfaction in women and men. Co-worker support has an indirect effect on job satisfaction via WFC in women, but not in men. The WFC did not mediate the relationship between job autonomy and satisfaction in men and women.
Originality/value
This paper contributes to the research on the effects of job resources on WFC and job satisfaction, and on gender differences in the relationship between work and family.
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Asiedu EEA, Annor F, Amponsah‐Tawiah K, Dartey‐Baah K. Juggling family and professional caring: Role demands, work-family conflict and burnout among registered nurses in Ghana. Nurs Open 2018; 5:611-620. [PMID: 30338107 PMCID: PMC6178356 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Juggling work and family responsibilities remains an important concern for both employees and organizations. This study aimed at examining work and family demands as predictors of work-family conflict and the relationship between work-family conflict and burnout among registered nurses in Ghana. DESIGN The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design. METHODS Data were collected from a sample of 134 registered nurses selected from five public hospitals in Accra through convenience sampling. Participants responded to structured questionnaires that assessed, among others, experiences of work-family conflict and burnout. RESULTS Multiple regression analyses showed that long work hours and weekend schedules were associated with higher levels of work-to-family conflict, while the number of older dependants at home was positively related to family-to-work conflict. Family-to-work conflict was positively related to burnout, while work-to-family conflict was not significantly related to burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsie Eunice Amoo Asiedu
- Department of Organisation & Human Resource ManagementUniversity of Ghana Business SchoolLegonAccraGhana
| | - Francis Annor
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of GhanaLegonAccraGhana
| | - Kwesi Amponsah‐Tawiah
- Department of Organisation & Human Resource ManagementUniversity of Ghana Business SchoolLegonAccraGhana
| | - Kwasi Dartey‐Baah
- Department of Organisation & Human Resource ManagementUniversity of Ghana Business SchoolLegonAccraGhana
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Yen AJ, Webb EM, Jordan EJ, Kallianos K, Naeger DM. The Stability of Factors Influencing the Choice of Medical Specialty Among Medical Students and Postgraduate Radiology Trainees. J Am Coll Radiol 2018; 15:886-891. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Junne F, Michaelis M, Rothermund E, Stuber F, Gündel H, Zipfel S, Rieger MA. The Role of Work-Related Factors in the Development of Psychological Distress and Associated Mental Disorders: Differential Views of Human Resource Managers, Occupational Physicians, Primary Care Physicians and Psychotherapists in Germany. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15030559. [PMID: 29558427 PMCID: PMC5877104 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This study analyses the perceived relevance of stress-dimensions in work-settings from the differential views of Human Resource Managers (HRM), Occupational Physicians (OP), Primary Care Physicians (PCP) and Psychotherapists (PT) in Germany. Methods: Cross-sectional study design, using a self-report questionnaire. Descriptive measures and explorative bivariate methods were applied for group-comparisons. Results are presented as rankings of perceived importance and as polarity profiles of contrasting views. Results: N = 627 participants completed the questionnaires (HRM: n = 172; OP: n = 133; PCP: n = 136; PT: n = 186). The stress dimensions with the highest mean ratings across all four professions were: ‘social relationships in the work place’ (M = 3.55, SD = 0.62) and ‘superiors´ leadership style’ (M = 3.54, SD = 0.64). Mean ratings of perceived relevance of stress dimensions differed most between HRM and the three medical professions. Conclusions: The perceived importance of work-related stress-dimensions seems to be higher in the medical disciplines (OP, PCP, PT) than in the group from the management sector (HRM). However, no fundamental disagreement on the role of work-related stress-dimensions seems to hinder e.g., intensified efforts of cooperation across sectors in tackling the “stress-pandemic” and improving the (mental) health of employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Junne
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Martina Michaelis
- Research Centre for Occupational and Social Medicine (FFAS), 79098 Freiburg, Germany.
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Eva Rothermund
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Felicitas Stuber
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Harald Gündel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Monika A Rieger
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine and Health Services Research, University Hospital of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany.
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13
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Almeida DM, Lee S, Walter KN, Lawson KM, Kelly EL, Buxton OM. The effects of a workplace intervention on employees’ cortisol awakening response. COMMUNITY, WORK & FAMILY 2018; 21:151-167. [PMID: 30078991 PMCID: PMC6075734 DOI: 10.1080/13668803.2018.1428172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Soomi Lee
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly N. Walter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Katie M. Lawson
- Department of Psychological Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Erin L. Kelly
- Work and Organization Studies and Institute for Work & Employment Research, MIT Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Orfeu M. Buxton
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Churchill SS, Leo MC, Brennan EM, Sellmaier C, Kendall J, Houck GM. Longitudinal Impact of a Randomized Clinical Trial to Improve Family Function, Reduce Maternal Stress and Improve Child Outcomes in Families of Children with ADHD. Matern Child Health J 2018; 22:1172-1182. [PMID: 29476416 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-018-2502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective Evaluate the efficacy of a 12 month nursing case-management intervention over a period of 18 months, 6 months after the end of intervention, for families of children attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods Mother and child dyads were enrolled to participate in a randomized controlled clinical trial. Children were 4-18 years old. Data were collected at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months or 6 months after the termination of direct intervention. Longitudinal analyses, using generalized estimating equations, were conducted to assess change in study outcomes relating to family function, maternal stress, and child behavior over the 18 month period. Results Compared to control families, some family function outcomes were moderately improved in the intervention group. In particular, intervention families demonstrated substantial improvement in implementing family behavior controls (p value = 0.038) and improvement in family satisfaction (not statistically significant p = 0.062). Although there was improvement in the overall family function measure there was not a statistically significant difference between groups. Maternal stress and child behavior outcomes were not significantly different between control and intervention groups by the end of the intervention. Conclusions for Practice Addressing ADHD is complex and requires the assessment of comorbidities that might exacerbate negative behavior. Our findings support the latest American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines to use behavioral therapy as the first line of treatment in young children. Nursing case-management interventions that provide direct family education and improve family function, especially with respect to providing structure and behavior control, may complement and facilitate behavioral therapy for treatment of ADHD and improving child behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin S Churchill
- Family and Child Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-7266, USA. .,School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA.
| | - Michael C Leo
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Eileen M Brennan
- School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Claudia Sellmaier
- Social Work and Criminal Justice, University of Washington-Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, 98402, USA
| | - Judy Kendall
- Cascadia Behavioral Health Care, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gail M Houck
- Family and Child Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-7266, USA
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DePasquale N, Polenick CA, Davis KD, Moen P, Hammer LB, Almeida DM. The Psychosocial Implications of Managing Work and Family Caregiving Roles: Gender Differences Among Information Technology Professionals. JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES 2017; 38:1495-1519. [PMID: 28694554 PMCID: PMC5501489 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x15584680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of adults, both men and women, are simultaneously managing work and family caregiving roles. Guided by the stress process model, we investigate whether 823 employees occupying diverse family caregiving roles (child caregiving only, elder caregiving only, and both child caregiving and elder caregiving, or "sandwiched" caregiving) and their noncaregiving counterparts in the information technology division of a white-collar organization differ on several indicators of psychosocial stress along with gender differences in stress exposure. Compared with noncaregivers, child caregivers reported more perceived stress and partner strain whereas elder caregivers reported greater perceived stress and psychological distress. With the exception of work-to-family conflict, sandwiched caregivers reported poorer overall psychosocial functioning. Additionally, sandwiched women reported more family-to-work conflict and less partner support than their male counterparts. Further research on the implications of combining a white-collar employment role with different family caregiving roles is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kelly D. Davis
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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16
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Shafer EF, Kelly EL, Buxton OM, Berkman LF. Partners' overwork and individuals' wellbeing and experienced relationship quality. COMMUNITY, WORK & FAMILY 2017; 21:410-428. [PMID: 36061087 PMCID: PMC9436002 DOI: 10.1080/13668803.2017.1311839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The negative impact of long work hours, or overwork, on individuals' physical and psychological wellbeing is well documented. Less is known about the impact of overwork on individuals' families, especially in regard to partners. In this paper, we address this gap in the literature using high quality data from the Work, Family, and Health Network in a sample of IT workers in the US (N=590). Specifically we examine whether partners' long work hours are associated with individuals' perceived stress, time adequacy with partner, and relationship quality, and whether these relationships vary by gender. In addition, following the marital stress model, we investigate whether any negative correlation between partners' long work hours and relationship quality is mediated by time adequacy or perceived stress. We find that women partnered to men who work long hours (50 or more hours per week) have significantly higher perceived stress and significantly lower time adequacy and relationship quality compared to women partnered to men who work a standard full-time work week (35-49 hours). Further, the increased stress associated with being partnered to a man who overworks, not lower time adequacy, mediates the negative relationship between overwork and relationship quality. Conversely, we find that men partnered to women who work long hours report no differences in stress, time adequacy, or relationship quality than men who are partnered to women who work a standard full-time work week. Our results highlight the need for more research that examines the impact of overwork on individuals and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin L Kelly
- Work and Organization Studies, MIT Sloan School of Management, Cambridge, MA
| | - Orfeu M Buxton
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston MA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University
| | - Lisa F Berkman
- Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge MA
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17
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Sliwa SA, Must A, Peréa FC, Boulos RJ, Economos CD. Occupational Physical Activity and Weight-Related Outcomes in Immigrant Mothers. Am J Prev Med 2016; 51:637-646. [PMID: 27291074 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION New immigrants are likely to be employed in occupations that provide physical activity; however, these positions may place workers at risk for adverse health outcomes. Relationships between occupational physical activity (OPA); weight-related behaviors; obesity; and depression remain underexplored among recent immigrants. METHODS Participants (N=385) were Brazilian, Haitian, and Latino mothers enrolled in a community-based participatory research lifestyle intervention among immigrant mothers (<10 years in U.S.). Baseline BMI was calculated using objectively measured height and weight. Self-reported baseline data included sociodemographics; physical activity (Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire); depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale); and prepared food purchasing frequency. Logistic regression models estimated the odds of obesity (BMI ≥30.0); high depressive symptoms (score ≥16); and purchasing prepared foods (≥1 times/week) by OPA quartile. Models adjusted for covariates, including household composition, origin group, maternal age, education, household income, and recruitment year (2010, 2011). Data were analyzed in 2013. RESULTS Employed participants (49%) primarily worked as domestic workers, nursing assistants, and food service staff. In adjusted models, women in the highest OPA quartile versus lowest had 65% lower obesity odds (95% CI=0.16, 0.76) and approximately twice the odds of presenting high depressive symptoms (2.01, 95% CI=1.02, 4.27) and purchasing takeout food (1.85, 95% CI=0.90, 3.90), which was attenuated after adjusting for income and education (unadjusted OR=1.98, 95% CI=1.10, 3.52). CONCLUSIONS OPA contributes to energy expenditure and may protect against obesity among new immigrant mothers; however, it is also associated with high depressive symptoms. Implications for physical and psychosocial well-being are mixed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Sliwa
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Aviva Must
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Flavia C Peréa
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca J Boulos
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts; School of Community and Population Health, University of New England, Portland, Maine
| | - Christina D Economos
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
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18
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Lee S, Davis KD, Neuendorf C, Grandey A, Lam CB, Almeida DM. Individual- and Organization-Level Work-to-Family Spillover Are Uniquely Associated with Hotel Managers' Work Exhaustion and Satisfaction. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1180. [PMID: 27582712 PMCID: PMC4988090 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Building on the Conservation of Resources theory, this paper examined the unique and interactive associations of negative and positive work-to-family spillover (NWFS and PWFS, respectively) at the individual and organizational level with hotel managers' work exhaustion and satisfaction, beyond job demands and supervisors' leadership style. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH Guided by the levels of analysis framework, we first tested the unique associations of NWFS and PWFS with emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction at the individual level (571 hotel managers), beyond job demands supervisors' leadership style. Second, using multilevel modeling, we tested the climate effects of NWFS and PWFS on emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction aggregated at the organizational level (41 hotels). Third, we examined the role of the organizational climate of PWFS in the associations of individual-level NWFS with emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. FINDINGS Beyond the effects of psychological job demands and supervisor's transformational leadership, at the individual level, hotel managers who experienced higher NWFS than other managers reported more exhaustion and lower job satisfaction, whereas those with higher PWFS reported less exhaustion and higher satisfaction. At the organizational level, working in hotels where the average level of NWFS was higher than other hotels was associated with feeling more exhaustion of the individual members; working in hotels with higher PWFS was associated with feeling less exhaustion. The negative link between individual-level NWFS and job satisfaction was buffered when organization-level PWFS was higher, compared to when it was lower. ORIGINALITY/VALUE This study moves beyond a focus on traditional job characteristics, toward considering individual and organizational experiences in the work-family interface as unique predictors of work exhaustion and satisfaction. Strengths of the study include illuminating organizational work-family climate effects such that coworkers' shared experiences of NWFS and PWFS explain individual members' work exhaustion, beyond their own experiences of spillover. The results also highlight that a high level of organizational PWFS can buffer the negative effects of individual NWFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomi Lee
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kelly D Davis
- School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences, Oregon State University Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Claudia Neuendorf
- Institute for Educational Quality Improvement, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Alicia Grandey
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, USA
| | - Chun Bun Lam
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - David M Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, USA
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19
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Olson R, Crain TL, Bodner TE, King R, Hammer LB, Klein LC, Erickson L, Moen P, Berkman LF, Buxton OM. A workplace intervention improves sleep: results from the randomized controlled Work, Family, and Health Study. Sleep Health 2015; 1:55-65. [PMID: 29073416 PMCID: PMC9019820 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The Work, Family, and Health Network Study tested the hypothesis that a workplace intervention designed to increase family-supportive supervision and employee control over work time improves actigraphic measures of sleep quantity and quality. DESIGN Cluster-randomized trial. SETTING A global information technology firm. PARTICIPANTS US employees at an information technology firm. INTERVENTIONS Randomly selected clusters of managers and employees participated in a 3-month, social, and organizational change process intended to reduce work-family conflict. The intervention included interactive sessions with facilitated discussions, role playing, and games. Managers completed training in family-supportive supervision. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Primary outcomes of total sleep time (sleep duration) and wake after sleep onset (sleep quality) were collected from week-long actigraphy recordings at baseline and 12 months. Secondary outcomes included self-reported sleep insufficiency and insomnia symptoms. Twelve-month interviews were completed by 701 (93% retention), of whom 595 (85%) completed actigraphy. Restricting analyses to participants with e3 valid days of actigraphy yielded a sample of 473-474 for intervention effectiveness analyses. Actigraphy-measured sleep duration was 8 min/d greater among intervention employees relative to controls (P < .05). Sleep insufficiency was reduced among intervention employees (P = .002). Wake after sleep onset and insomnia symptoms were not different between groups. Path models indicated that increased control over work hours and subsequent reductions in work-family conflict mediated the improvement in sleep sufficiency. CONCLUSIONS The workplace intervention did not overtly address sleep, yet intervention employees slept 8 min/d more and reported greater sleep sufficiency. Interventions should address environmental and psychosocial causes of sleep deficiency, including workplace factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Olson
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, L606, Portland, OR 97239; Department of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code CB 669, Portland, OR 97239; Department of Psychology, Portland State University, 1721 SW Broadway, Rm 317, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Tori L Crain
- Department of Psychology, Portland State University, 1721 SW Broadway, Rm 317, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Todd E Bodner
- Department of Psychology, Portland State University, 1721 SW Broadway, Rm 317, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Rosalind King
- Population Dynamics Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6100 Executive Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892-7510
| | - Leslie B Hammer
- Department of Psychology, Portland State University, 1721 SW Broadway, Rm 317, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Laura Cousino Klein
- Department of Biobehavioral Health and Penn State Institute of the Neurosciences, Pennsylvania State University, 221 Biobehavioral Health Bldg, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Leslie Erickson
- RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Phyllis Moen
- Department of Sociology and Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota, 50 Willey Hall, 225-19th Ave South, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Lisa F Berkman
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, 9 Bow Street, Cambridge MA 02138; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Kresge Building, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Orfeu M Buxton
- Department of Biobehavioral Health and Penn State Institute of the Neurosciences, Pennsylvania State University, 221 Biobehavioral Health Bldg, University Park, PA 16802; Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, 9 Bow Street, Cambridge MA 02138; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Kresge Building, Boston, MA 02115; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115.
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