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Patel V, Mardolkar A, Shelar A, Tiwari R, Srivastava R. Wearable sweat chloride sensors: materials, fabrication and their applications. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1439-1453. [PMID: 38411394 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01979a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Chloride is a crucial anion required for multiple functions in the human body including maintaining acid-base balance, fluid balance, electrical neutrality and supporting muscles and nerve cells. Low-chloride levels can cause nausea, diarrhoea, etc. Chloride levels are measured in different body fluids such as urine, serum, sweat and saliva. Sweat chloride measurements are used for multiple applications including disease diagnosis, sports monitoring, and geriatric care. For instance, a sweat chloride test is performed for cystic fibrosis screening. Further, sweat also offers continuous non-invasive access to body fluids for real-time monitoring of chloride that could be used for sports and geriatric care. This review focuses on wearable chloride sensors that are used for periodic and continuous chloride monitoring. The multiple sections in the paper discuss the clinical significance of chloride, detection methods, sensor fabrication methods and their application in cystic fibrosis screening, sports and geriatric care. Finally, the last section discusses the limitation of current sensors and future directions for wearable chloride sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Patel
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India, 400076.
| | - Anvi Mardolkar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India, 400076.
| | - Akshata Shelar
- St. Xavier's College, Autonomous, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400001, India
| | - Ritu Tiwari
- Guru Nanak Khalsa College, Matunga East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India, 400076.
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2
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Alboteanu G, Ya'akobovitz A. Exceptionally large fracture strength and stretchability of 2D ReS 2 and ReSe 2. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3454-3461. [PMID: 38112027 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03670g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional rhenium disulfide (ReS2) and rhenium diselenide (ReSe2) have gained popularity due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties. However, their mechanical behavior has not been investigated experimentally and many of their mechanical parameters are still unexplored. Here we conducted atomic force microscopy (AFM) indentation experiments and extracted their Young's moduli and found that it is thickness-independent. In addition, we found that both materials are capable of sustaining large pretension. Importantly, fracture tests showed that these materials exhibit exceptionally large fracture strength (32.9 ± 2.4 GPa and 27.7 ± 3.9 GPa for ReS2 and ReSe2, respectively) and stretchability (up to 24.2% for ReS2 and 23.0% for ReSe2). Therefore, this study shows the superior mechanical properties of ReS2 and ReSe2. Thus, it will open the path for their future integration into advanced applications that will benefit from their outstanding mechanical durability and attractive optoelectronic properties, such as flexible photodetectors, stretchable photonic devices, and strain-engineered electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Alboteanu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
| | - Assaf Ya'akobovitz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
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3
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Umapathy VR, Rajinikanth B S, Samuel Raj RD, Yadav S, Munavarah SA, Anandapandian PA, Mary AV, Padmavathy K, R A. Perspective of Artificial Intelligence in Disease Diagnosis: A Review of Current and Future Endeavours in the Medical Field. Cureus 2023; 15:e45684. [PMID: 37868519 PMCID: PMC10590060 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated significant promise for the present and future diagnosis of diseases. At the moment, AI-powered diagnostic technologies can help physicians decipher medical pictures like X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography scans, resulting in quicker and more precise diagnoses. In order to make a prospective diagnosis, AI algorithms may also examine patient information, symptoms, and medical background. The application of AI in disease diagnosis is anticipated to grow as the field develops. In the future, AI may be used to find patterns in enormous volumes of medical data, aiding in disease prediction and prevention before symptoms appear. Additionally, by combining genetic data, lifestyle data, and environmental variables, AI may help in the diagnosis of complicated diseases. It is crucial to remember that while AI can be a powerful tool, it cannot take the place of qualified medical personnel. Instead, AI ought to support and improve diagnostic procedures, enhancing patient care and healthcare results. Future research and the use of AI for disease diagnosis must take ethical issues, data protection, and ongoing model validation into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya Rekha Umapathy
- Public Health Dentistry, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, IND
| | - Suba Rajinikanth B
- Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine-Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, IND
| | | | - Sankalp Yadav
- Medicine, Shri Madan Lal Khurana Chest Clinic, Moti Nagar, New Delhi, IND
| | - Sithy Athiya Munavarah
- Pathology, Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, IND
| | | | - A Vinita Mary
- Public Health Dentistry, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, IND
| | - Karthika Padmavathy
- Pathology, Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, IND
| | - Akshay R
- Computer Science and Engineering, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, IND
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Lee J, Park JI, Lee SH, Jang J, Kang IM, Park J, Zhang X, Kim DK, Bae JH. One-Stop Strategy for Obtaining Controllable Sensitivity and Feasible Self-Patterning in Silver Nanowires/Elastomer Nanocomposite-Based Stretchable Ultrathin Strain Sensors. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3775-3785. [PMID: 37405812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, selective photo-oxidation (SPO) is proposed as a simple, fast, and scalable one-stop strategy that enables simultaneous self-patterning and sensitivity adjustment of ultrathin stretchable strain sensors. The SPO of an elastic substrate through irradiation time-controlled ultraviolet treatment in a confined region enables precise tuning of both the surface energy and the elastic modulus. SPO induces the hydrophilization of the substrate, thereby allowing the self-patterning of silver nanowires (AgNWs). In addition, it promotes the formation of nonpermanent microcracks of AgNWs/elastomer nanocomposites under the action of strain by increasing the elastic modulus. This effect improves sensor sensitivity by suppressing the charge transport pathway. Consequently, AgNWs are directly patterned with a width of 100 μm or less on the elastic substrate, and AgNWs/elastomer-based ultrathin and stretchable strain sensors with controlled sensitivity work reliably in various operating frequencies and cyclic stretching. Sensitivity-controlled strain sensors successfully detect both small and large movements of the human hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinuk Lee
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ik Park
- Semiconductor Integrated Metrology Team, Advanced Instrumentation Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyung Lee
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Jang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Man Kang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Xue Zhang
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Do-Kyung Kim
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyuk Bae
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Ismail SNA, Nayan NA, Mohammad Haniff MAS, Jaafar R, May Z. Wearable Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial-Based Flexible Sensors for Blood Pressure Monitoring: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:852. [PMID: 36903730 PMCID: PMC10005058 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flexible sensors have been extensively employed in wearable technologies for physiological monitoring given the technological advancement in recent years. Conventional sensors made of silicon or glass substrates may be limited by their rigid structures, bulkiness, and incapability for continuous monitoring of vital signs, such as blood pressure (BP). Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have received considerable attention in the fabrication of flexible sensors due to their large surface-area-to-volume ratio, high electrical conductivity, cost effectiveness, flexibility, and light weight. This review discusses the transduction mechanisms, namely, piezoelectric, capacitive, piezoresistive, and triboelectric, of flexible sensors. Several 2D nanomaterials used as sensing elements for flexible BP sensors are reviewed in terms of their mechanisms, materials, and sensing performance. Previous works on wearable BP sensors are presented, including epidermal patches, electronic tattoos, and commercialized BP patches. Finally, the challenges and future outlook of this emerging technology are addressed for non-invasive and continuous BP monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nor Ashikin Ismail
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 UKM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nazrul Anuar Nayan
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 UKM, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute Islam Hadhari, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 UKM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Rosmina Jaafar
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 UKM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zazilah May
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
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Chen J, Li T, You H, Wang J, Peng X, Chen B. Behavioral Interpretation of Willingness to Use Wearable Health Devices in Community Residents: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3247. [PMID: 36833943 PMCID: PMC9960868 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Wearable health devices (WHDs) have become increasingly advantageous in long-term health monitoring and patient management. However, most people have not yet benefited from such innovative technologies, and the willingness to accept WHDs and their influencing factors are still unclear. Based on two behavioral theories: the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the diffusion of innovation (DOI), this study aims to explore the influencing factors of willingness to use WHDs in community residents from the perspective of both internal and external factors. A convenience sample of 407 community residents were recruited from three randomly selected Community Health Service Centers (CHSCs) in Nanjing, China, and were investigated with a self-developed questionnaires. The mean score of willingness to use WHDs was 17.00 (range 5-25). In the dimensions of TPB, perceived behavioral control (β = 1.979, p < 0.001) was the strongest influencing factor. Subjective norms (β = 1.457, p < 0.001) and attitudes (β = 0.651, p = 0.016) were also positively associated with willingness. In innovation characteristics of DOI, compatibility (β = 0.889, p < 0.001) and observability (β = 0.576, p = 0.003) had positive association with the willingness to wear a WHD. This study supports the applicability of the two behavioral theories to interpret the willingness to use WHDs in Chinese community residents. Compared with the innovative features of WHDs, individual cognitive factors were more critical predictors of willingness to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Chen
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ting Li
- Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hua You
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xueqing Peng
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Baoyi Chen
- MaiGaoQiao Community Health Service Center, Nanjing 210028, China
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Kim S, Park S, Choi J, Hwang W, Kim S, Choi IS, Yi H, Kwak R. An epifluidic electronic patch with spiking sweat clearance for event-driven perspiration monitoring. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6705. [PMID: 36344563 PMCID: PMC9640696 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34442-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory neurons generate spike patterns upon receiving external stimuli and encode key information to the spike patterns, enabling energy-efficient external information processing. Herein, we report an epifluidic electronic patch with spiking sweat clearance using a sensor containing a vertical sweat-collecting channel for event-driven, energy-efficient, long-term wireless monitoring of epidermal perspiration dynamics. Our sweat sensor contains nanomesh electrodes on its inner wall of the channel and unique sweat-clearing structures. During perspiration, repeated filling and abrupt emptying of the vertical sweat-collecting channel generate electrical spike patterns with the sweat rate and ionic conductivity proportional to the spike frequency and amplitude over a wide dynamic range and long time (> 8 h). With such 'spiking' sweat clearance and corresponding electronic spike patterns, the epifluidic wireless patch successfully decodes epidermal perspiration dynamics in an event-driven manner at different skin locations during exercise, consuming less than 0.6% of the energy required for continuous data transmission. Our patch could integrate various on-skin sensors and emerging edge computing technologies for energy-efficient, intelligent digital healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangha Kim
- grid.49606.3d0000 0001 1364 9317Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Park
- grid.35541.360000000121053345Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Choi
- grid.49606.3d0000 0001 1364 9317Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseop Hwang
- grid.35541.360000000121053345Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Sunho Kim
- grid.35541.360000000121053345Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - In-Suk Choi
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Yi
- grid.35541.360000000121053345Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Materials Science and Engineering, YU-KIST Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Rhokyun Kwak
- grid.49606.3d0000 0001 1364 9317Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea ,grid.49606.3d0000 0001 1364 9317Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
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8
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Vimala A, Vandrangi SK. Development of porous materials based resistance pressure sensors and their biomedical applications: a review. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2022.2118275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allam Vimala
- Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Vandrangi
- Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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9
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Bhatt P, Liu J, Gong Y, Wang J, Guo Y. Emerging Artificial Intelligence–Empowered mHealth: Scoping Review. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2022; 10:e35053. [PMID: 35679107 PMCID: PMC9227797 DOI: 10.2196/35053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized health care delivery in recent years. There is an increase in research for advanced AI techniques, such as deep learning, to build predictive models for the early detection of diseases. Such predictive models leverage mobile health (mHealth) data from wearable sensors and smartphones to discover novel ways for detecting and managing chronic diseases and mental health conditions.
Objective
Currently, little is known about the use of AI-powered mHealth (AIM) settings. Therefore, this scoping review aims to map current research on the emerging use of AIM for managing diseases and promoting health. Our objective is to synthesize research in AIM models that have increasingly been used for health care delivery in the last 2 years.
Methods
Using Arksey and O’Malley’s 5-point framework for conducting scoping reviews, we reviewed AIM literature from the past 2 years in the fields of biomedical technology, AI, and information systems. We searched 3 databases, PubsOnline at INFORMS, e-journal archive at MIS Quarterly, and Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Digital Library using keywords such as “mobile healthcare,” “wearable medical sensors,” “smartphones”, and “AI.” We included AIM articles and excluded technical articles focused only on AI models. We also used the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) technique for identifying articles that represent a comprehensive view of current research in the AIM domain.
Results
We screened 108 articles focusing on developing AIM models for ensuring better health care delivery, detecting diseases early, and diagnosing chronic health conditions, and 37 articles were eligible for inclusion, with 31 of the 37 articles being published last year (76%). Of the included articles, 9 studied AI models to detect serious mental health issues, such as depression and suicidal tendencies, and chronic health conditions, such as sleep apnea and diabetes. Several articles discussed the application of AIM models for remote patient monitoring and disease management. The considered primary health concerns belonged to 3 categories: mental health, physical health, and health promotion and wellness. Moreover, 14 of the 37 articles used AIM applications to research physical health, representing 38% of the total studies. Finally, 28 out of the 37 (76%) studies used proprietary data sets rather than public data sets. We found a lack of research in addressing chronic mental health issues and a lack of publicly available data sets for AIM research.
Conclusions
The application of AIM models for disease detection and management is a growing research domain. These models provide accurate predictions for enabling preventive care on a broader scale in the health care domain. Given the ever-increasing need for remote disease management during the pandemic, recent AI techniques, such as federated learning and explainable AI, can act as a catalyst for increasing the adoption of AIM and enabling secure data sharing across the health care industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Bhatt
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jia Liu
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Yanmin Gong
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Yuanxiong Guo
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Ye Z, Pang G, Xu K, Hou Z, Lv H, Shen Y, Yang G. Soft Robot Skin With Conformal Adaptability for On-Body Tactile Perception of Collaborative Robots. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2022.3155225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Heng W, Solomon S, Gao W. Flexible Electronics and Devices as Human-Machine Interfaces for Medical Robotics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107902. [PMID: 34897836 PMCID: PMC9035141 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Medical robots are invaluable players in non-pharmaceutical treatment of disabilities. Particularly, using prosthetic and rehabilitation devices with human-machine interfaces can greatly improve the quality of life for impaired patients. In recent years, flexible electronic interfaces and soft robotics have attracted tremendous attention in this field due to their high biocompatibility, functionality, conformability, and low-cost. Flexible human-machine interfaces on soft robotics will make a promising alternative to conventional rigid devices, which can potentially revolutionize the paradigm and future direction of medical robotics in terms of rehabilitation feedback and user experience. In this review, the fundamental components of the materials, structures, and mechanisms in flexible human-machine interfaces are summarized by recent and renowned applications in five primary areas: physical and chemical sensing, physiological recording, information processing and communication, soft robotic actuation, and feedback stimulation. This review further concludes by discussing the outlook and current challenges of these technologies as a human-machine interface in medical robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Heng
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Samuel Solomon
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
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Saeed U, Shah SY, Ahmad J, Imran MA, Abbasi QH, Shah SA. Machine learning empowered COVID-19 patient monitoring using non-contact sensing: An extensive review. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:193-204. [PMID: 35003825 PMCID: PMC8724017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has affected more than 400 million people worldwide. With the recent rise of new Delta and Omicron variants, the efficacy of the vaccines has become an important question. The goal of various studies has been to limit the spread of the virus by utilizing wireless sensing technologies to prevent human-to-human interactions, particularly for healthcare workers. In this paper, we discuss the current literature on invasive/contact and non-invasive/non-contact technologies (including Wi-Fi, radar, and software-defined radio) that have been effectively used to detect, diagnose, and monitor human activities and COVID-19 related symptoms, such as irregular respiration. In addition, we focused on cutting-edge machine learning algorithms (such as generative adversarial networks, random forest, multilayer perceptron, support vector machine, extremely randomized trees, and k-nearest neighbors) and their essential role in intelligent healthcare systems. Furthermore, this study highlights the limitations related to non-invasive techniques and prospective research directions. This article describes cutting-edge technology (invasive/non-invasive) and its role in the recognition of COVID-19 symptoms. This article summarizes state-of-art machine-learning algorithms and their roles in modern healthcare systems. This article presents the challenges associated with wireless sensing techniques and potential future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Saeed
- Research Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Syed Yaseen Shah
- School of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK
| | - Jawad Ahmad
- School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, EH11 4BN, UK
| | - Muhammad Ali Imran
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Qammer H Abbasi
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Syed Aziz Shah
- Research Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
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Chiappim W, Fraga MA, Furlan H, Ardiles DC, Pessoa RS. The status and perspectives of nanostructured materials and fabrication processes for wearable piezoresistive sensors. MICROSYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES : SENSORS, ACTUATORS, SYSTEMS INTEGRATION 2022; 28:1561-1580. [PMID: 35313490 PMCID: PMC8926892 DOI: 10.1007/s00542-022-05269-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The wearable sensors have attracted a growing interest in different markets, including health, fitness, gaming, and entertainment, due to their outstanding characteristics of convenience, simplicity, accuracy, speed, and competitive price. The development of different types of wearable sensors was only possible due to advances in smart nanostructured materials with properties to detect changes in temperature, touch, pressure, movement, and humidity. Among the various sensing nanomaterials used in wearable sensors, the piezoresistive type has been extensively investigated and their potential have been demonstrated for different applications. In this review article, the current status and challenges of nanomaterials and fabrication processes for wearable piezoresistive sensors are presented in three parts. The first part focuses on the different types of sensing nanomaterials, namely, zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) piezoresistive nanomaterials. Then, in second part, their fabrication processes and integration are discussed. Finally, the last part presents examples of wearable piezoresistive sensors and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Chiappim
- Departamento de Física, Laboratório de Plasmas e Processos, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos, 12228-900 Brazil
| | - Mariana Amorim Fraga
- Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, SP 01302-907 Brazil
| | - Humber Furlan
- Centro Estadual de Educação Tecnológica Paula Souza, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão e Tecnologia em Sistemas Produtivos, 169, São Paulo, SP 01124-010 Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Sávio Pessoa
- Departamento de Física, Laboratório de Plasmas e Processos, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos, 12228-900 Brazil
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Gao Z, Wang S, Li Y, Chen M. Review of the Multi-Input Single-Inductor Multi-Output Energy Harvesting Interface Applied in Wearable Electronics. FRONTIERS IN ELECTRONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/felec.2021.793780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with the industrialization and popularization of the wearable electronics, an increasing number of the wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) are deployed. Nevertheless, the conventional battery-based power supply system has no longer satisfied the requirement of large-scale WSNs in terms of battery life, which emerges the energy harvesting (EH) technique. In order to combine various of energy sources and drive multi-loads, the multi-input single-inductor multi-output (MISIMO) EH interface applied to wearable electronics is spotlighted. In this mini-review article, the solutions for improving power conversion efficiency (PCE) and output quality in MISIMO EH interface are summarized. Furthermore, the future trends of MISIMO EH interface are also presented.
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15
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16
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Nadia Ahmad NF, Nik Ghazali NN, Wong YH. Wearable patch delivery system for artificial pancreas health diagnostic-therapeutic application: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 189:113384. [PMID: 34090154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The advanced stimuli-responsive approaches for on-demand drug delivery systems have received tremendous attention as they have great potential to be integrated with sensing and multi-functional electronics on a flexible and stretchable single platform (all-in-one concept) in order to develop skin-integration with close-loop sensation for personalized diagnostic and therapeutic application. The wearable patch pumps have evolved from reservoir-based to matrix patch and drug-in-adhesive (single-layer or multi-layer) type. In this review, we presented the basic requirements of an artificial pancreas, surveyed the design and technologies used in commercial patch pumps available on the market and provided general information about the latest wearable patch pump. We summarized the various advanced delivery strategies with their mechanisms that have been developed to date and representative examples. Mechanical, electrical, light, thermal, acoustic and glucose-responsive approaches on patch form have been successfully utilized in the controllable transdermal drug delivery manner. We highlighted key challenges associated with wearable transdermal delivery systems, their research direction and future development trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Farrahain Nadia Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nik Nazri Nik Ghazali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yew Hoong Wong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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17
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Systematic Review on Human Skin-Compatible Wearable Photoplethysmography Sensors. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11052313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The rapid advances in human-friendly and wearable photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors have facilitated the continuous and real-time monitoring of physiological conditions, enabling self-health care without being restricted by location. In this paper, we focus on state-of-the-art skin-compatible PPG sensors and strategies to obtain accurate and stable sensing of biological signals adhered to human skin along with light-absorbing semiconducting materials that are classified as silicone, inorganic, and organic absorbers. The challenges of skin-compatible PPG-based monitoring technologies and their further improvements are also discussed. We expect that such technological developments will accelerate accurate diagnostic evaluation with the aid of the biomedical electronic devices.
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18
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Guo Y, Liu X, Peng S, Jiang X, Xu K, Chen C, Wang Z, Dai C, Chen W. A review of wearable and unobtrusive sensing technologies for chronic disease management. Comput Biol Med 2021; 129:104163. [PMID: 33348217 PMCID: PMC7733550 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.104163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With the rapidly increasing number of patients with chronic disease, numerous recent studies have put great efforts into achieving long-term health monitoring and patient management. Specifically, chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease and brain disease can threaten patients' health conditions over a long period of time, thus effecting their daily lives. Vital health parameters, such as heart rate, respiratory rate, SpO2 and blood pressure, are closely associated with patients’ conditions. Wearable devices and unobtrusive sensing technologies can detect such parameters in a convenient way and provide timely predictions on health condition deterioration by tracking these biomedical signals and health parameters. In this paper, we review current advancements in wearable devices and unobtrusive sensing technologies that can provides possible tools and technological supports for chronic disease management. Current challenges and future directions of related techniques are addressed accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Guo
- Center for Intelligent Medical Electronics, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- School of Art Design and Media, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Shun Peng
- Center for Intelligent Medical Electronics, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Center for Intelligent Medical Electronics, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Center for Intelligent Medical Electronics, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Center for Intelligent Medical Electronics, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Center for Intelligent Medical Electronics, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chenyun Dai
- Center for Intelligent Medical Electronics, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Intelligent Medical Electronics, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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19
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Yang G, Pang Z, Jamal Deen M, Dong M, Zhang YT, Lovell N, Rahmani AM. Homecare Robotic Systems for Healthcare 4.0: Visions and Enabling Technologies. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2020; 24:2535-2549. [PMID: 32340971 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2020.2990529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Powered by the technologies that have originated from manufacturing, the fourth revolution of healthcare technologies is happening (Healthcare 4.0). As an example of such revolution, new generation homecare robotic systems (HRS) based on the cyber-physical systems (CPS) with higher speed and more intelligent execution are emerging. In this article, the new visions and features of the CPS-based HRS are proposed. The latest progress in related enabling technologies is reviewed, including artificial intelligence, sensing fundamentals, materials and machines, cloud computing and communication, as well as motion capture and mapping. Finally, the future perspectives of the CPS-based HRS and the technical challenges faced in each technical area are discussed.
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20
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Chen C, Guo Y, Chen P, Peng H. Recent advances of tissue-interfaced chemical biosensors. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:3371-3381. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02476j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses recent advances of tissue interfaced chemical biosensors, highlights current challenges and gives an outlook on future possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanrui Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200438
- China
| | - Yue Guo
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200438
- China
| | - Peining Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200438
- China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200438
- China
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21
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Pulse transit time based respiratory rate estimation with singular spectrum analysis. Med Biol Eng Comput 2019; 58:257-266. [PMID: 31834610 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-019-02088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory rate (RR) is an important vital sign which can be difficult to measure accurately and unobtrusively in routine clinical practice. Pulse transit time (PTT), on the other hand, is unobtrusive to collect from electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals. Using PTT is a novel method to estimate and monitor blood pressure (BP) and RR. This study aimed to estimate continuous RR using PTT with singular spectrum analysis to extract respiratory components. The performance of this method was validated on 17 subjects who carried out spontaneous breathing and controlled deep breathing conditions. Three types of estimated RR parameters (average RR by power spectral density (PSD) (RRPSD), number of breaths (RR#), and instantaneous RR (RRinst)) were compared with the corresponding reference RR. The reference RR was collected using a respiratory belt. Our findings demonstrate that the PTT signal reliably tracked respiratory variation with a root mean square error of 0.84, 1.11, and 0.74 breaths/min for RRPSD, RR#, and RRinst estimations, respectively. Overall, RR estimated by PTT was more accurate than heart/pulse rate interval, QRS area, and PPG amplitude, which were also extracted from ECG and PPG. The results suggest that it may be feasible to use PTT as an estimation of RR and that ECG and PPG may be relied upon for monitoring not only RR but also BP and heart rate. Graphical abstract The Pulse Transit Time (PTT) based Respiratory Rate (RR) estimation with Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) provides a superior performance than the method with other respiratory indicators extracted from Electrocardiogram (ECG) or Photoplethysmogram (PPG).
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Heng W, Pang G, Xu F, Huang X, Pang Z, Yang G. Flexible Insole Sensors with Stably Connected Electrodes for Gait Phase Detection. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19235197. [PMID: 31783618 PMCID: PMC6928953 DOI: 10.3390/s19235197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gait analysis is an important assessment tool for analyzing vital signals collected from individuals and for providing physical information of the human body, and it is emerging in a diverse range of application scenarios, such as disease diagnosis, fall prevention, rehabilitation, and human–robot interaction. Herein, a kind of surface processed conductive rubber was designed and investigated to develop a pressure-sensitive insole to monitor planar pressure in a real-time manner. Due to a novel surface processing method, the pressure sensor was characterized by stable contact resistance, simple manufacturing, and high mechanical durability. In the experiments, it was demonstrated that the developed pressure sensors were easily assembled with the inkjet-printed electrodes and a flexible substrate as a pressure-sensitive insole while maintaining good sensing performance. Moreover, resistive signals were wirelessly transmitted to computers in real time. By analyzing sampled resistive data combined with the gait information monitored by a visual-based reference system based on machine learning method (k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm), the corresponding relationship between plantar pressure distribution and lower limb joint angles was obtained. Finally, the experimental validation of the ability to accurately divide gait into several phases was conducted, illustrating the potential application of the developed device in healthcare and robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Heng
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (W.H.); (G.P.)
| | - Gaoyang Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (W.H.); (G.P.)
| | - Feihong Xu
- Institute of Mechanical Manufacturing Technology, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China;
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
| | - Zhibo Pang
- ABB Corporate Research Sweden, 72178 Vasteras, Sweden;
| | - Geng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (W.H.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence:
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