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Mantonico MV, De Leo F, Quilici G, Colley LS, De Marchis F, Crippa M, Mezzapelle R, Schulte T, Zucchelli C, Pastorello C, Carmeno C, Caprioglio F, Ricagno S, Giachin G, Ghitti M, Bianchi ME, Musco G. The acidic intrinsically disordered region of the inflammatory mediator HMGB1 mediates fuzzy interactions with CXCL12. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1201. [PMID: 38331917 PMCID: PMC10853541 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemokine heterodimers activate or dampen their cognate receptors during inflammation. The CXCL12 chemokine forms with the fully reduced (fr) alarmin HMGB1 a physiologically relevant heterocomplex (frHMGB1•CXCL12) that synergically promotes the inflammatory response elicited by the G-protein coupled receptor CXCR4. The molecular details of complex formation were still elusive. Here we show by an integrated structural approach that frHMGB1•CXCL12 is a fuzzy heterocomplex. Unlike previous assumptions, frHMGB1 and CXCL12 form a dynamic equimolar assembly, with structured and unstructured frHMGB1 regions recognizing the CXCL12 dimerization surface. We uncover an unexpected role of the acidic intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of HMGB1 in heterocomplex formation and its binding to CXCR4 on the cell surface. Our work shows that the interaction of frHMGB1 with CXCL12 diverges from the classical rigid heterophilic chemokines dimerization. Simultaneous interference with multiple interactions within frHMGB1•CXCL12 might offer pharmacological strategies against inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malisa Vittoria Mantonico
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Università Vita e Salute-San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica De Leo
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Experimental Therapeutics Program, IFOM ETS - The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology and AIRC, Fondazione AIRC per la Ricerca sul Cancro ETS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Quilici
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Liam Sean Colley
- HMGBiotech S.r.l., 20133, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Università Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco De Marchis
- School of Medicine, Università Vita e Salute-San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Crippa
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Mezzapelle
- School of Medicine, Università Vita e Salute-San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Tim Schulte
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Zucchelli
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Pastorello
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Carmeno
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Caprioglio
- School of Medicine, Università Vita e Salute-San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Ricagno
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Giachin
- Department of Chemical Sciences (DiSC), University of Padua, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Ghitti
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Emilio Bianchi
- School of Medicine, Università Vita e Salute-San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Musco
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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2
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Kessler N, Akabayov SR, Cohen LS, Scherf T, Naider F, Anglister J. The chemokines CCL5 and CXCL12 exhibit high-affinity binding to N-terminal peptides of the non-cognate receptors CXCR4 and CCR5, respectively. FEBS J 2024; 291:458-476. [PMID: 37997026 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
CC and CXC chemokines are distinct chemokine subfamilies. CC chemokines usually do not bind CXC-chemokine receptors and vice versa. CCR5 and CXCR4 receptors are activated by CCL5 and CXCL12 chemokines, respectively, and are also used as HIV-1 coreceptors. CCL5 contains one conserved binding site for a sulfated tyrosine residue, whereas CXCL12 is unique in having two additional sites for sulfated/nonsulfated tyrosine residues. In this study, N-terminal (Nt) CXCR4 peptides were found to bind CCL5 with somewhat higher affinities in comparison to those of short Nt-CCR5(8-20) peptides with the same number of sulfated tyrosine residues. Similarly, a long Nt-CCR5(1-27)(s Y3,s Y10,s Y14) peptide cross reacts with CXCL12 and with lower KD in comparison to its binding to CCL5. Intermolecular nuclear overhauser effect (NOE) measurements were used to decipher the mechanism of the chemokine/Nt-receptor peptide binding. The Nt-CXCR4 peptides interact with the conserved CCL5 tyrosine sulfate-binding site by an allovalency mechanism like that observed for CCL5 binding of Nt-CCR5 peptides. Nt-CCR5 peptides bind CXCL12 in multiple modes analogous to their binding to HIV-1 gp120 and interact with all three tyrosine/sulfated tyrosine-binding pockets of CXCL12. We suggest that the chemokine-receptors Nt-segments bind promiscuously to cognate and non-cognate chemokines and in a mechanism that is dependent on the number of binding pockets for tyrosine residues found on the chemokine. In conclusion, common features shared among the chemokine-receptors' Nt-segments such as multiple tyrosine residues that are potentially sulfated, and a large number of negatively charged residues are the reason of the cross binding observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Kessler
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sabine R Akabayov
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Leah S Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Assembly Institute, College of Staten Island of the City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, USA
- The Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry and Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Tali Scherf
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Fred Naider
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular Assembly Institute, College of Staten Island of the City University of New York, Staten Island, NY, USA
- The Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry and Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacob Anglister
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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3
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Tammara V, Angrover R, Sirur D, Das A. Flagellar motor protein-targeted search for the druggable site of Helicobacter pylori. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2111-2126. [PMID: 38131449 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05024f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The deleterious impact of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) on human health is contingent upon its ability to create and sustain colony structure, which in turn is dictated by the effective performance of flagella - a multi-protein rotary nanodevice. Hence, to design an effective therapeutic strategy against H. pylori, we here conducted a systematic search for an effective druggable site by focusing on the structure-dynamics-energetics-stability landscape of the junction points of three 1 : 1 protein complexes (FliFC-FliGN, FliGM-FliMM, and FliYC-FliNC) that contribute mainly to the rotary motion of the flagella via the transformation of information along the junctions over a wide range of pH values operative in the stomach (from neutral to acidic). We applied a gamut of physiologically relevant perturbations in the form of thermal scanning and mechanical force to sample the entire quasi - and non-equilibrium conformational spaces available for the protein complexes under neutral and acidic pH conditions. Our perturbation-induced magnification of conformational distortion approach identified pH-independent protein sequence-specific evolution of precise thermally labile segments, which dictate the specific thermal unfolding mechanism of each complex and this complex-specific pH-independent structural disruption notion remains consistent under mechanical stress as well. Complementing the above observations with the relative rank-ordering of estimated equilibrium binding free energies between two protein sequences of a specific complex quantifies the extent of structure-stability modulation due to pH alteration, rationalizes the exceptional stability of H. pylori under acidic pH conditions, and identifies the pH-independent complex-sequence-segment-residue diagram for targeted drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Tammara
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ruchika Angrover
- The Departments of the University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, NH-05, Ludhiana - Chandigarh State Highway, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Disha Sirur
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research-Bhubaneswar, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, P.O. Jatni, Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Atanu Das
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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4
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Mayo KH. Heterologous Interactions with Galectins and Chemokines and Their Functional Consequences. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14083. [PMID: 37762385 PMCID: PMC10531749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extra- and intra-cellular activity occurs under the direction of numerous inter-molecular interactions, and in any tissue or cell, molecules are densely packed, thus promoting those molecular interactions. Galectins and chemokines, the focus of this review, are small, protein effector molecules that mediate various cellular functions-in particular, cell adhesion and migration-as well as cell signaling/activation. In the past, researchers have reported that combinations of these (and other) effector molecules act separately, yet sometimes in concert, but nevertheless physically apart and via their individual cell receptors. This view that each effector molecule functions independently of the other limits our thinking about functional versatility and cooperation, and, in turn, ignores the prospect of physiologically important inter-molecular interactions, especially when both molecules are present or co-expressed in the same cellular environment. This review is focused on such protein-protein interactions with chemokines and galectins, the homo- and hetero-oligomeric structures that they can form, and the functional consequences of those paired interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota Health Sciences Center, 6-155 Jackson Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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5
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Kaffashi K, Dréau D, Nesmelova IV. Heterodimers Are an Integral Component of Chemokine Signaling Repertoire. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11639. [PMID: 37511398 PMCID: PMC10380872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a family of signaling proteins that play a crucial role in cell-cell communication, cell migration, and cell trafficking, particularly leukocytes, under both normal and pathological conditions. The oligomerization state of chemokines influences their biological activity. The heterooligomerization occurs when multiple chemokines spatially and temporally co-localize, and it can significantly affect cellular responses. Recently, obligate heterodimers have emerged as tools to investigate the activities and molecular mechanisms of chemokine heterodimers, providing valuable insights into their functional roles. This review focuses on the latest progress in understanding the roles of chemokine heterodimers and their contribution to the functioning of the chemokine network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Kaffashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
- Department of Physics and Optical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Didier Dréau
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Irina V Nesmelova
- Department of Physics and Optical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
- School of Data Science, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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6
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Pradhan T, Sarkar R, Meighen-Berger KM, Feige MJ, Zacharias M, Reif B. Mechanistic insights into the aggregation pathway of the patient-derived immunoglobulin light chain variable domain protein FOR005. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3755. [PMID: 37353525 PMCID: PMC10290123 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39280-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic antibody light chain (AL) amyloidosis is characterized by deposition of amyloid fibrils. Prior to fibril formation, soluble oligomeric AL protein has a direct cytotoxic effect on cardiomyocytes. We focus on the patient derived λ-III AL variable domain FOR005 which is mutated at five positions with respect to the closest germline protein. Using solution-state NMR spectroscopy, we follow the individual steps involved in protein misfolding from the native to the amyloid fibril state. Unfavorable mutations in the complementary determining regions introduce a strain in the native protein structure which yields partial unfolding. Driven by electrostatic interactions, the protein converts into a high molecular weight, oligomeric, molten globule. The high local concentration of aggregation prone regions in the oligomer finally catalyzes the conversion into fibrils. The topology is determined by balanced electrostatic interactions in the fibril core implying a 180° rotational switch of the beta-sheets around the conserved disulfide bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswini Pradhan
- Bavarian NMR Center (BNMRZ), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
- Institute of Structural Biology (STB), Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Riddhiman Sarkar
- Bavarian NMR Center (BNMRZ), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany
- Institute of Structural Biology (STB), Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kevin M Meighen-Berger
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias J Feige
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Martin Zacharias
- Center for Functional Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Bernd Reif
- Bavarian NMR Center (BNMRZ), Department of Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747, Garching, Germany.
- Institute of Structural Biology (STB), Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Song J, Jeong BS, Kim SW, Im SB, Kim S, Lai CJ, Cho W, Jung JU, Ahn MJ, Oh BH. Noncovalent antibody catenation on a target surface greatly increases the antigen-binding avidity. eLife 2023; 12:e81646. [PMID: 37249578 PMCID: PMC10229114 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are widely used for diagnosis and therapy. Given the unique dimeric structure of IgG, we hypothesized that, by genetically fusing a homodimeric protein (catenator) to the C-terminus of IgG, reversible catenation of antibody molecules could be induced on a surface where target antigen molecules are abundant, and that it could be an effective way to greatly enhance the antigen-binding avidity. A thermodynamic simulation showed that quite low homodimerization affinity of a catenator, e.g. dissociation constant of 100 μM, can enhance nanomolar antigen-binding avidity to a picomolar level, and that the fold enhancement sharply depends on the density of the antigen. In a proof-of-concept experiment where antigen molecules are immobilized on a biosensor tip, the C-terminal fusion of a pair of weakly homodimerizing proteins to three different antibodies enhanced the antigen-binding avidity by at least 110 or 304 folds from the intrinsic binding avidity. Compared with the mother antibody, Obinutuzumab(Y101L) which targets CD20, the same antibody with fused catenators exhibited significantly enhanced binding to SU-DHL5 cells. Together, the homodimerization-induced antibody catenation would be a new powerful approach to improve antibody applications, including the detection of scarce biomarkers and targeted anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyeop Song
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Bo-Seong Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the Biocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the Biocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Seong-Bin Im
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the Biocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Seonghoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the Biocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Chih-Jen Lai
- Cancer Biology Department, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Wonki Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the Biocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Jae U Jung
- Cancer Biology Department, Infection Biology Program, and Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Byung-Ha Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the Biocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
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Lawson-Keister E, Manning ML. Collective chemotaxis in a Voronoi model for confluent clusters. Biophys J 2022; 121:4624-4634. [PMID: 36299235 PMCID: PMC9748360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective chemotaxis, where single cells cannot climb a biochemical signaling gradient but clusters of cells can, has been observed in different biological contexts, including confluent tissues where there are no gaps or overlaps between cells. Although particle-based models have been developed that predict important features of collective chemotaxis, the mechanisms in those models depend on particle overlaps, and so it remains unclear if they can explain behavior in confluent systems. Here, we develop an open-source code that couples a two-dimensional Voronoi simulation for confluent cell mechanics to a dynamic chemical signal that can diffuse, advect, and/or degrade and use the code to study potential mechanisms for collective chemotaxis in cellular monolayers. We first study the impact of advection on collective chemotaxis and delineate a regime where advective terms are important. Next, we investigate two possible chemotactic mechanisms, contact inhibition of locomotion and heterotypic interfacial tension, and demonstrate that both can drive collective chemotaxis in certain parameter regimes. We further demonstrate that the scaling behavior of cluster motion is well captured by simple analytic theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lawson-Keister
- Department of Physics and BioInspired Syracuse, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
| | - M L Manning
- Department of Physics and BioInspired Syracuse, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York.
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9
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Heide F, Legare S, To V, Gupta M, Gabir H, Imhof T, Moya‐Torres A, McDougall M, Meier M, Koch M, Stetefeld J. Heparins mediate the multimer assembly of secreted Noggin. Protein Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pro.4419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Heide
- Department of Chemistry University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Scott Legare
- Department of Chemistry University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Vu To
- AbCellera Biologics Inc. Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Monika Gupta
- Department of Chemistry University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Haben Gabir
- Department of Chemistry University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Thomas Imhof
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | | | - Matthew McDougall
- Department of Chemistry University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Markus Meier
- Department of Chemistry University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Manuel Koch
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Center for Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Jörg Stetefeld
- Department of Chemistry University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
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10
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CXCR4/CXCL12 Activities in the Tumor Microenvironment and Implications for Tumor Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092314. [PMID: 35565443 PMCID: PMC9105267 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemokines are small soluble proteins that control and regulate cell trafficking within and between tissues by binding to their receptors. Among them, CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 appeared with ancestral vertebrates, are expressed almost ubiquitously, and play essential roles in embryogenesis and organogenesis. In addition, CXCL12 and CXCR4 are involved in antigen recognition by T and B cells and in shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME), mainly towards dampening immune responses. New data indicate that CXCR4 interacts with the surface protein CD47 in a novel form of immunosurveillance, called ImmunoGenic Surrender (IGS). Following the co-internalization of CXCR4 and CD47 in tumor cells, macrophages phagocytose them and cross-present their antigens to the adaptive immune system, leading to tumor rejection in a fraction of mice. All of these specific activities of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in antigen presentation might be complementary to current immunotherapies. Abstract CXCR4 is a G-Protein coupled receptor that is expressed nearly ubiquitously and is known to control cell migration via its interaction with CXCL12, the most ancient chemokine. The functions of CXCR4/CXCL12 extend beyond cell migration and involve the recognition and disposal of unhealthy or tumor cells. The CXCR4/CXCL12 axis plays a relevant role in shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME), mainly towards dampening immune responses. Notably, CXCR4/CXCL12 cross-signal via the T and B cell receptors (TCR and BCR) and co-internalize with CD47, promoting tumor cell phagocytosis by macrophages in an anti-tumor immune process called ImmunoGenic Surrender (IGS). These specific activities in shaping the immune response might be exploited to improve current immunotherapies.
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11
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Leberzammer J, Agten SM, Blanchet X, Duan R, Ippel H, Megens RT, Schulz C, Aslani M, Duchene J, Döring Y, Jooss NJ, Zhang P, Brandl R, Stark K, Siess W, Jurk K, Heemskerk JW, Hackeng TM, Mayo KH, Weber C, von Hundelshausen P. Targeting platelet-derived CXCL12 impedes arterial thrombosis. Blood 2022; 139:2691-2705. [PMID: 35313337 PMCID: PMC11022931 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevention and treatment of arterial thrombosis continue to be clinically challenging, and understanding the relevant molecular mechanisms in detail may facilitate the quest to identify novel targets and therapeutic approaches that improve protection from ischemic and bleeding events. The chemokine CXCL12 augments collagen-induced platelet aggregation by activating its receptor CXCR4. Here we show that inhibition of CXCR4 attenuates platelet aggregation induced by collagen or human plaque homogenate under static and arterial flow conditions by antagonizing the action of platelet-secreted CXCL12. We further show that platelet-specific CXCL12 deficiency in mice limits arterial thrombosis by affecting thrombus growth and stability without increasing tail bleeding time. Accordingly, neointimal lesion formation after carotid artery injury was attenuated in these mice. Mechanistically, CXCL12 activated via CXCR4 a signaling cascade involving Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) that led to integrin αIIbβ3 activation, platelet aggregation, and granule release. The heterodimeric interaction between CXCL12 and CCL5 can inhibit CXCL12-mediated effects as mimicked by CCL5-derived peptides such as [VREY]4. An improved variant of this peptide, i[VREY]4, binds to CXCL12 in a complex with CXCR4 on the surface of activated platelets, thereby inhibiting Btk activation and preventing platelet CXCL12-dependent arterial thrombosis. In contrast to standard antiplatelet therapies such as aspirin or P2Y12 inhibition, i[VREY]4 reduced CXCL12-induced platelet aggregation and yet did not prolong in vitro bleeding time. We provide evidence that platelet-derived CXCL12 is involved in arterial thrombosis and can be specifically targeted by peptides that harbor potential therapeutic value against atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Leberzammer
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Stijn M. Agten
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Xavier Blanchet
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Rundan Duan
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Ippel
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Remco T.A. Megens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Schulz
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Aslani
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Johan Duchene
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Natalie J. Jooss
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Pengyu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften–ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Richard Brandl
- Institute for Vascular Surgery and Phlebology am Marienplatz, Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantin Stark
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Siess
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Jurk
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johan W.M. Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tilman M. Hackeng
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin H. Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota Health Sciences Center, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp von Hundelshausen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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12
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Monocyte-derived SDF1 supports optic nerve regeneration and alters retinal ganglion cells' response to Pten deletion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2113751119. [PMID: 35394873 PMCID: PMC9169637 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113751119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mammalian retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) normally cannot regenerate axons nor survive after optic nerve injury, this failure is partially reversed by inducing sterile inflammation in the eye. Infiltrative myeloid cells express the axogenic protein oncomodulin (Ocm) but additional, as-yet-unidentified, factors are also required. We show here that infiltrative macrophages express stromal cell–derived factor 1 (SDF1, CXCL12), which plays a central role in this regard. Among many growth factors tested in culture, only SDF1 enhances Ocm activity, an effect mediated through intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) elevation and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) activation. SDF1 deficiency in myeloid cells (CXCL12flx/flxLysM-Cre−/+ mice) or deletion of the SDF1 receptor CXCR4 in RGCs (intraocular AAV2-Cre in CXCR4flx/flx mice) or SDF1 antagonist AMD3100 greatly suppresses inflammation-induced regeneration and decreases RGC survival to baseline levels. Conversely, SDF1 induces optic nerve regeneration and RGC survival, and, when combined with Ocm/cAMP, SDF1 increases axon regeneration to levels similar to those induced by intraocular inflammation. In contrast to deletion of phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten), which promotes regeneration selectively from αRGCs, SDF1 promotes regeneration from non-αRGCs and enables the latter cells to respond robustly to Pten deletion; however, SDF1 surprisingly diminishes the response of αRGCs to Pten deletion. When combined with inflammation and Pten deletion, SDF1 enables many RGCs to regenerate axons the entire length of the optic nerve. Thus, SDF1 complements the effects of Ocm in mediating inflammation-induced regeneration and enables different RGC subtypes to respond to Pten deletion.
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13
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Effects of Monovalent Salt on Protein-Protein Interactions of Dilute and Concentrated Monoclonal Antibody Formulations. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11020024. [PMID: 35466277 PMCID: PMC9036246 DOI: 10.3390/antib11020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used sodium chloride (NaCl) to extensively modulate non-specific protein-protein interactions (PPI) of a humanized anti-streptavidin monoclonal antibody class 2 molecule (ASA-IgG2). The changes in PPI with varying NaCl (CNaCl) and monoclonal antibody (mAb) concentration (CmAb) were assessed using the diffusion interaction parameter kD and second virial coefficient B22 measured from solutions with low to moderate CmAb. The effective structure factor S(q)eff measured from concentrated mAb solutions using small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS/SANS) was also used to characterize the PPI. Our results found that the nature of net PPI changed not only with CNaCl, but also with increasing CmAb. As a result, parameters measured from dilute and concentrated mAb samples could lead to different predictions on the stability of mAb formulations. We also compared experimentally determined viscosity results with those predicted from interaction parameters, including kD and S(q)eff. The lack of a clear correlation between interaction parameters and measured viscosity values indicates that the relationship between viscosity and PPI is concentration-dependent. Collectively, the behavior of flexible mAb molecules in concentrated solutions may not be correctly predicted using models where proteins are considered to be uniform colloid particles defined by parameters derived from low CmAb.
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14
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Mut SR, Mishra S, Vazquez M. A Microfluidic Eye Facsimile System to Examine the Migration of Stem-like Cells. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13030406. [PMID: 35334698 PMCID: PMC8954941 DOI: 10.3390/mi13030406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Millions of adults are affected by progressive vision loss worldwide. The rising incidence of retinal diseases can be attributed to damage or degeneration of neurons that convert light into electrical signals for vision. Contemporary cell replacement therapies have transplanted stem and progenitor-like cells (SCs) into adult retinal tissue to replace damaged neurons and restore the visual neural network. However, the inability of SCs to migrate to targeted areas remains a fundamental challenge. Current bioengineering projects aim to integrate microfluidic technologies with organotypic cultures to examine SC behaviors within biomimetic environments. The application of neural phantoms, or eye facsimiles, in such systems will greatly aid the study of SC migratory behaviors in 3D. This project developed a bioengineering system, called the μ-Eye, to stimulate and examine the migration of retinal SCs within eye facsimiles using external chemical and electrical stimuli. Results illustrate that the imposed fields stimulated large, directional SC migration into eye facsimiles, and that electro-chemotactic stimuli produced significantly larger increases in cell migration than the individual stimuli combined. These findings highlight the significance of microfluidic systems in the development of approaches that apply external fields for neural repair and promote migration-targeted strategies for retinal cell replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ryan Mut
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Shawn Mishra
- Regeneron, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA;
| | - Maribel Vazquez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Correspondence:
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15
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The marriage of chemokines and galectins as functional heterodimers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:8073-8095. [PMID: 34767039 PMCID: PMC8629806 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Trafficking of leukocytes and their local activity profile are of pivotal importance for many (patho)physiological processes. Fittingly, microenvironments are complex by nature, with multiple mediators originating from diverse cell types and playing roles in an intimately regulated manner. To dissect aspects of this complexity, effectors are initially identified and structurally characterized, thus prompting familial classification and establishing foci of research activity. In this regard, chemokines present themselves as role models to illustrate the diversification and fine-tuning of inflammatory processes. This in turn discloses the interplay among chemokines, their cell receptors and cognate glycosaminoglycans, as well as their capacity to engage in new molecular interactions that form hetero-oligomers between themselves and other classes of effector molecules. The growing realization of versatility of adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins that bind to glycans and proteins and their presence at sites of inflammation led to testing the hypothesis that chemokines and galectins can interact with each other by protein-protein interactions. In this review, we present some background on chemokines and galectins, as well as experimental validation of this chemokine-galectin heterodimer concept exemplified with CXCL12 and galectin-3 as proof-of-principle, as well as sketch out some emerging perspectives in this arena.
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16
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De Zutter A, Van Damme J, Struyf S. The Role of Post-Translational Modifications of Chemokines by CD26 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174247. [PMID: 34503058 PMCID: PMC8428238 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a large family of small chemotactic cytokines that fulfill a central function in cancer. Both tumor-promoting and -impeding roles have been ascribed to chemokines, which they exert in a direct or indirect manner. An important post-translational modification that regulates chemokine activity is the NH2-terminal truncation by peptidases. CD26 is a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPPIV), which typically clips a NH2-terminal dipeptide from the chemokine. With a certain degree of selectivity in terms of chemokine substrate, CD26 only recognizes chemokines with a penultimate proline or alanine. Chemokines can be protected against CD26 recognition by specific amino acid residues within the chemokine structure, by oligomerization or by binding to cellular glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Upon truncation, the binding affinity for receptors and GAGs is altered, which influences chemokine function. The consequences of CD26-mediated clipping vary, as unchanged, enhanced, and reduced activities are reported. In tumors, CD26 most likely has the most profound effect on CXCL12 and the interferon (IFN)-inducible CXCR3 ligands, which are converted into receptor antagonists upon truncation. Depending on the tumor type, expression of CD26 is upregulated or downregulated and often results in the preferential generation of the chemokine isoform most favorable for tumor progression. Considering the tight relationship between chemokine sequence and chemokine binding specificity, molecules with the appropriate characteristics can be chemically engineered to provide innovative therapeutic strategies in a cancer setting.
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17
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Gutjahr JC, Crawford KS, Jensen DR, Naik P, Peterson FC, Samson GPB, Legler DF, Duchene J, Veldkamp CT, Rot A, Volkman BF. The dimeric form of CXCL12 binds to atypical chemokine receptor 1. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/696/eabc9012. [PMID: 34404752 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abc9012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The pleiotropic chemokine CXCL12 is involved in diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes, including embryogenesis, hematopoiesis, leukocyte migration, and tumor metastasis. It is known to engage the classical receptor CXCR4 and the atypical receptor ACKR3. Differential receptor engagement can transduce distinct cellular signals and effects as well as alter the amount of free, extracellular chemokine. CXCR4 binds both monomeric and the more commonly found dimeric forms of CXCL12, whereas ACKR3 binds monomeric forms. Here, we found that CXCL12 also bound to the atypical receptor ACKR1 (previously known as Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines or DARC). In vitro nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that dimeric CXCL12 bound to the extracellular N terminus of ACKR1 with low nanomolar affinity, whereas the binding affinity of monomeric CXCL12 was orders of magnitude lower. In transfected MDCK cells and primary human Duffy-positive erythrocytes, a dimeric, but not a monomeric, construct of CXCL12 efficiently bound to and internalized with ACKR1. This interaction between CXCL12 and ACKR1 provides another layer of regulation of the multiple biological functions of CXCL12. The findings also raise the possibility that ACKR1 can bind other dimeric chemokines, thus potentially further expanding the role of ACKR1 in chemokine retention and presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Gutjahr
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Kyler S Crawford
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Davin R Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Prachi Naik
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Francis C Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Guerric P B Samson
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johan Duchene
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Antal Rot
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK. .,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany.,Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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18
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Britton C, Poznansky MC, Reeves P. Polyfunctionality of the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis in health and disease: Implications for therapeutic interventions in cancer and immune-mediated diseases. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21260. [PMID: 33715207 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001273r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Historically the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its canonical ligand CXCL12 are associated with the bone marrow niche and hematopoiesis. However, CXCL12 exhibits broad tissue expression including brain, thymus, heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, and bone marrow. CXCR4 can be considered as a node which is integrating and transducing inputs from a range of ligand-receptor interactions into a responsive and divergent network of intracellular signaling pathways that impact multiple cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, and stress resistance. Dysregulation of the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis and consequent fundamental cellular processes, are associated with a panoply of disease. This review frames the polyfunctionality of the receptor at a molecular, physiological, and pathophysiological levels. Transitioning our perspective of this axis from a single gene/protein:single function model to a polyfunctional signaling cascade highlights the potential for finer therapeutic intervention and cautions against a reductionist approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Britton
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - P Reeves
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, England
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19
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O'Neill A, Chin D, Tan D, Abdul Majeed ABB, Nakamura-Ishizu A, Suda T. Thrombopoietin maintains cell numbers of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with megakaryopoietic potential. Haematologica 2021; 106:1883-1891. [PMID: 32527954 PMCID: PMC8252958 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.241406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombopoietin has long been known to influence megakaryopoiesis and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, although the exact mechanisms through which it acts are unknown. Here we show that MPL expression correlates with megakaryopoietic potential of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and identify a population of quiescent hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells that show limited dependence on thrombopoietin signaling. We show that thrombopoietin is primarily responsible for maintenance of hematopoietic cells with megakaryocytic differentiation potential and their subsequent megakaryocyte differentiation and maturation. The loss of megakaryocytes in thrombopoietin knockout mouse models results in a reduction of megakaryocyte-derived chemokine platelet factor 4 (CXCL4/PF4) in the bone marrow and administration of recombinant CXCL4/PF4 rescues the loss of quiescence observed in these mice. CXCL4/PF4 treatment does not rescue reduced hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell numbers, suggesting that thrombopoietin maintains hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell numbers directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aled O'Neill
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Desmond Chin
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Darren Tan
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ayako Nakamura-Ishizu
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore and Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Toshio Suda
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore and Kumamoto University, Japan
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20
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Latest update on chemokine receptors as therapeutic targets. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1385-1395. [PMID: 34060588 PMCID: PMC8286821 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine system plays a fundamental role in a diverse range of physiological processes, such as homeostasis and immune responses. Dysregulation in the chemokine system has been linked to inflammatory diseases and cancer, which renders chemokine receptors to be considered as therapeutic targets. In the past two decades, around 45 drugs targeting chemokine receptors have been developed, yet only three are clinically approved. The challenging factors include the limited understanding of aberrant chemokine signalling in malignant diseases, high redundancy of the chemokine system, differences between cell types and non-specific binding of the chemokine receptor antagonists due to the broad ligand-binding pockets. In recent years, emerging studies attempt to characterise the chemokine ligand–receptor interactions and the downstream signalling protein–protein interactions, aiming to fine tuning to the promiscuous interplay of the chemokine system for the development of precision medicine. This review will outline the updates on the mechanistic insights in the chemokine system and propose some potential strategies in the future development of targeted therapy.
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21
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Ma SN, Mao ZX, Wu Y, Liang MX, Wang DD, Chen X, Chang PA, Zhang W, Tang JH. The anti-cancer properties of heparin and its derivatives: a review and prospect. Cell Adh Migr 2021; 14:118-128. [PMID: 32538273 PMCID: PMC7513850 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2020.1767489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin, including unfractionated heparin (UFH), low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and heparin derivatives, are commonly used in venous thromboembolism treatment and reportedly have beneficial effects on cancer survival. Heparin can affect the proliferation, adhesion, angiogenesis, migration and invasion of cancer cells via multiple mechanisms. The main mechanisms involve inhibition of heparanase, P-/L-selectin, angiogenesis, and interference with the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis. Here we summarize the current experimental evidence regarding the anti-cancer role of heparin and its derivatives, and conclude that there is evidence to support heparin’s role in inhibiting cancer progression, making it a promising anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Nan Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University , Suqian, P.R.China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Mao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wu
- Core Facility, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Xing Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Ping-An Chang
- Urinary Surgery, Dongtai People's Hospital , Dongtai, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Hai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
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22
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Künze G, Huster D, Samsonov SA. Investigation of the structure of regulatory proteins interacting with glycosaminoglycans by combining NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling - the beginning of a wonderful friendship. Biol Chem 2021; 402:1337-1355. [PMID: 33882203 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of regulatory proteins with extracellular matrix or cell surface-anchored glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) plays important roles in molecular recognition, wound healing, growth, inflammation and many other processes. In spite of their high biological relevance, protein-GAG complexes are significantly underrepresented in structural databases because standard tools for structure determination experience difficulties in studying these complexes. Co-crystallization with subsequent X-ray analysis is hampered by the high flexibility of GAGs. NMR spectroscopy experiences difficulties related to the periodic nature of the GAGs and the sparse proton network between protein and GAG with distances that typically exceed the detection limit of nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy. In contrast, computer modeling tools have advanced over the last years delivering specific protein-GAG docking approaches successfully complemented with molecular dynamics (MD)-based analysis. Especially the combination of NMR spectroscopy in solution providing sparse structural constraints with molecular docking and MD simulations represents a useful synergy of forces to describe the structure of protein-GAG complexes. Here we review recent methodological progress in this field and bring up examples where the combination of new NMR methods along with cutting-edge modeling has yielded detailed structural information on complexes of highly relevant cytokines with GAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Künze
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, 465 21st Ave S, 5140 MRB3, Nashville, TN37240, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Station B 351822, Nashville, TN37235, USA.,Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Leipzig, Brüderstr. 34, D-04103Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Huster
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, D-04107Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sergey A Samsonov
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308Gdańsk, Poland
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23
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Préchoux A, Simorre JP, Lortat-Jacob H, Laguri C. Deciphering the structural attributes of protein-heparan sulfate interactions using chemo-enzymatic approaches and NMR spectroscopy. Glycobiology 2021; 31:851-858. [PMID: 33554262 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfates (HS) is a polysaccharide found at the cell surface, where it mediates interactions with hundreds of proteins and regulates major pathophysiological processes. HS is highly heterogeneous and structurally complex and examples that define their structure-activity relationships remain limited. Here, to characterize a protein-HS interface and define the corresponding saccharide binding domain, we present a chemoenzymatic approach that generate 13C labeled HS-based oligosaccharide structures. NMR spectroscopy that efficiently discriminates between important or redundant chemical groups in the oligosaccharides, is employed to characterize these molecules alone and in interaction with proteins. Using chemokines as model system, docking based on NMR data on both proteins and oligosaccharides enable the identification of the structural determinant involved in the complex. This study shows that both the position of the sulfo-groups along the chain and their mode of presentation, rather than their overall number, are key determinant and further points out the usefulness of these 13C labeled oligosaccharides in obtaining detailed structural information on HS-protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cédric Laguri
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble
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24
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Wedemeyer MJ, Mahn SA, Getschman AE, Crawford KS, Peterson FC, Marchese A, McCorvy JD, Volkman BF. The chemokine X-factor: Structure-function analysis of the CXC motif at CXCR4 and ACKR3. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:13927-13939. [PMID: 32788219 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The human chemokine family consists of 46 protein ligands that induce chemotactic cell migration by activating a family of 23 G protein-coupled receptors. The two major chemokine subfamilies, CC and CXC, bind distinct receptor subsets. A sequence motif defining these families, the X position in the CXC motif, is not predicted to make significant contacts with the receptor, but instead links structural elements associated with binding and activation. Here, we use comparative analysis of chemokine NMR structures, structural modeling, and molecular dynamic simulations that suggested the X position reorients the chemokine N terminus. Using CXCL12 as a model CXC chemokine, deletion of the X residue (Pro-10) had little to no impact on the folded chemokine structure but diminished CXCR4 agonist activity as measured by ERK phosphorylation, chemotaxis, and Gi/o-mediated cAMP inhibition. Functional impairment was attributed to over 100-fold loss of CXCR4 binding affinity. Binding to the other CXCL12 receptor, ACKR3, was diminished nearly 500-fold. Deletion of Pro-10 had little effect on CXCL12 binding to the CXCR4 N terminus, a major component of the chemokine-GPCR interface. Replacement of the X residue with the most frequent amino acid at this position (P10Q) had an intermediate effect between WT and P10del in each assay, with ACKR3 having a higher tolerance for this mutation. This work shows that the X residue helps to position the CXCL12 N terminus for optimal docking into the orthosteric pocket of CXCR4 and suggests that the CC/CXC motif contributes directly to receptor selectivity by orienting the chemokine N terminus in a subfamily-specific direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wedemeyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sarah A Mahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anthony E Getschman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kyler S Crawford
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Francis C Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Adriano Marchese
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John D McCorvy
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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25
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Koch C, Engele J. Functions of the CXCL12 Receptor ACKR3/CXCR7-What Has Been Perceived and What Has Been Overlooked. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 98:577-585. [PMID: 32883765 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The CXCL12 system is central to the development of many organs and is further crucially engaged in pathophysiological processes underlying cancer, inflammation, and cardiovascular disorders. This disease-associated role presently focuses major interest on the two CXCL12 receptors, CXCR4 and atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3)/CXCR7, as promising therapeutic targets. Major obstacles in these ongoing efforts are confusing reports on the differential use of either ACKR3/CXCR7 and/or CXCR4 across various cells as well as on the specific function(s) of ACKR3/CXCR7. Although basically no doubts remain that CXCR4 represents a classic chemokine receptor, functions assigned to ACKR3/CXCR7 range from those of a strictly silent scavenger receptor eventually modulating CXCR4 signaling to an active and independent signaling receptor. In this review, we depict a thorough analysis of our present knowledge on different modes of organization and functions of the cellular CXCL12 system. We further highlight the potential role of ACKR3/CXCR7 as a "crosslinker" of different receptor systems. Finally, we discuss mechanisms with the potency to impinge on the cellular organization of the CXCL12 system and hence might represent additional future therapeutic targets. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Delineating the recognized functions of atypical chemokine receptor 3 and CXCR4 in CXCL12 signaling is central to the more detailed understanding of the role of the CXCL12 system in health and disease and will help to guide future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Koch
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Engele
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
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26
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Murphy JW, Rajasekaran D, Merkel J, Skeens E, Keeler C, Hodsdon ME, Lisi GP, Lolis E. High-Throughput Screening of a Functional Human CXCL12-CXCR4 Signaling Axis in a Genetically Modified S. cerevisiae: Discovery of a Novel Up-Regulator of CXCR4 Activity. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:164. [PMID: 32766282 PMCID: PMC7378375 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCL12 activates CXCR4 and is involved in embryogenesis, hematopoiesis, and angiogenesis. It has pathological roles in HIV-1, WHIM disease, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. An antagonist, AMD3100, is used for the release of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from the bone marrow for autologous transplantation for lymphoma or multiple myeloma patients. Adverse effects are tolerated due to its short-term treatment, but AMD3100 is cardiotoxic in clinical studies for HIV-1. In an effort to determine whether Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing a functional human CXCR4 could be used as a platform for identifying a ligand from a library of less ∼1,000 compounds, a high-throughput screening was developed. We report that 2-carboxyphenyl phosphate (fosfosal) up-regulates CXCR4 activation only in the presence of CXCL12. This is the first identification of a compound that increases CXCR4 activity by any mechanism. We mapped the fosfosal binding site on CXCL12, described its mechanism of action, and studied its chemical components, salicylate and phosphate, to conclude that they synergize to achieve the functional effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Deepa Rajasekaran
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Janie Merkel
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Erin Skeens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Camille Keeler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Michael E Hodsdon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - George P Lisi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Elias Lolis
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, United States
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27
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Chemokine CCL28 Is a Potent Therapeutic Agent for Oropharyngeal Candidiasis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.00210-20. [PMID: 32423961 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00210-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a commensal organism that causes life-threatening or life-altering opportunistic infections. Treatment of Candida infections is limited by the paucity of antifungal drug classes. Naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides are promising agents for drug development. CCL28 is a CC chemokine that is abundant in saliva and has in vitro antimicrobial activity. In this study, we examine the in vivo Candida killing capacity of CCL28 in oropharyngeal candidiasis as well as the spectrum and mechanism of anti-Candida activity. In the mouse model of oropharyngeal candidiasis, application of wild-type CCL28 reduces oral fungal burden in severely immunodeficient mice without causing excessive inflammation or altering tissue neutrophil recruitment. CCL28 is effective against multiple clinical strains of C. albicans Polyamine protein transporters are not required for CCL28 anti-Candida activity. Both structured and unstructured CCL28 proteins show rapid and sustained fungicidal activity that is superior to that of clinical antifungal agents. Application of wild-type CCL28 to C. albicans results in membrane disruption as measured by solute movement, enzyme leakage, and induction of negative Gaussian curvature on model membranes. Membrane disruption is reduced in CCL28 lacking the functional C-terminal tail. Our results strongly suggest that CCL28 can exert antifungal activity in part via membrane permeation and has potential for development as an anti-Candida therapeutic agent without inflammatory side effects.
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28
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Natural and engineered chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 agonists prevent acute respiratory distress syndrome after lung ischemia-reperfusion injury and hemorrhage. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11359. [PMID: 32647374 PMCID: PMC7347544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared therapeutic properties of natural and engineered chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) agonists in a rat acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) model utilizing the PaO2/FiO2-ratio as a clinically relevant primary outcome criterion. Ventilated rats underwent unilateral lung ischemia from t = 0–70 min plus hemorrhage to a mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of 30 mmHg from t = 40–70 min, followed by reperfusion/fluid resuscitation until t = 300 min. Natural CXCR4 agonists (CXCL12, ubiquitin) and engineered CXCL12 variants (CXCL121, CXCL22, CXCL12K27A/R41A/R47A, CXCL12 (3–68)) were administered within 5 min of fluid resuscitation. Animals treated with vehicle or CXCL12 (3–68) reached criteria for mild and moderate ARDS between t = 90–120 min and t = 120–180 min, respectively, and remained in moderate ARDS until t = 300 min. Ubiquitin, CXCL12, CXCL121 and CXCL122 prevented ARDS development. Potencies of CXCL12/CXCL121/CXCL122 were higher than the potency of ubiquitin. CXCL12K27A/R41A/R47A was inefficacious. CXCL121 > CXCL12 stabilized MAP and reduced fluid requirements. CXCR4 agonists at doses that preserved lung function reduced histological injury of the post-ischemic lung and reduced mortality from 55 to 9%. Our findings suggest that CXCR4 protein agonists prevent development of ARDS and reduce mortality in a rat model, and that development of new engineered protein therapeutics with improved pharmacological properties for ARDS is possible.
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29
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Valverde P, Martínez JD, Cañada FJ, Ardá A, Jiménez-Barbero J. Molecular Recognition in C-Type Lectins: The Cases of DC-SIGN, Langerin, MGL, and L-Sectin. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2999-3025. [PMID: 32426893 PMCID: PMC7276794 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates play a pivotal role in intercellular communication processes. In particular, glycan antigens are key for sustaining homeostasis, helping leukocytes to distinguish damaged tissues and invading pathogens from healthy tissues. From a structural perspective, this cross‐talk is fairly complex, and multiple membrane proteins guide these recognition processes, including lectins and Toll‐like receptors. Since the beginning of this century, lectins have become potential targets for therapeutics for controlling and/or avoiding the progression of pathologies derived from an incorrect immune outcome, including infectious processes, cancer, or autoimmune diseases. Therefore, a detailed knowledge of these receptors is mandatory for the development of specific treatments. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about four key C‐type lectins whose importance has been steadily growing in recent years, focusing in particular on how glycan recognition takes place at the molecular level, but also looking at recent progresses in the quest for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Valverde
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - J Daniel Martínez
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - F Javier Cañada
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Avda Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV-EHU, 48940, Leioa, Spain
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30
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Crijns H, Vanheule V, Proost P. Targeting Chemokine-Glycosaminoglycan Interactions to Inhibit Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:483. [PMID: 32296423 PMCID: PMC7138053 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte migration into tissues depends on the activity of chemokines that form concentration gradients to guide leukocytes to a specific site. Interaction of chemokines with their specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on leukocytes induces leukocyte adhesion to the endothelial cells, followed by extravasation of the leukocytes and subsequent directed migration along the chemotactic gradient. Interaction of chemokines with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) is crucial for extravasation in vivo. Chemokines need to interact with GAGs on endothelial cells and in the extracellular matrix in tissues in order to be presented on the endothelium of blood vessels and to create a concentration gradient. Local chemokine retention establishes a chemokine gradient and prevents diffusion and degradation. During the last two decades, research aiming at reducing chemokine activity mainly focused on the identification of inhibitors of the interaction between chemokines and their cognate GPCRs. This approach only resulted in limited success. However, an alternative strategy, targeting chemokine-GAG interactions, may be a promising approach to inhibit chemokine activity and inflammation. On this line, proteins derived from viruses and parasites that bind chemokines or GAGs may have the potential to interfere with chemokine-GAG interactions. Alternatively, chemokine mimetics, including truncated chemokines and mutant chemokines, can compete with chemokines for binding to GAGs. Such truncated or mutated chemokines are characterized by a strong binding affinity for GAGs and abrogated binding to their chemokine receptors. Finally, Spiegelmers that mask the GAG-binding site on chemokines, thereby preventing chemokine-GAG interactions, were developed. In this review, the importance of GAGs for chemokine activity in vivo and strategies that could be employed to target chemokine-GAG interactions will be discussed in the context of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Crijns
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Vanheule
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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31
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Moussouras NA, Hjortø GM, Peterson FC, Szpakowska M, Chevigné A, Rosenkilde MM, Volkman BF, Dwinell MB. Structural Features of an Extended C-Terminal Tail Modulate the Function of the Chemokine CCL21. Biochemistry 2020; 59:1338-1350. [PMID: 32182428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The chemokines CCL21 and CCL19, through binding of their cognate receptor CCR7, orchestrate lymph node homing of dendritic cells and naïve T cells. CCL21 differs from CCL19 via an unstructured 32 residue C-terminal domain. Previously described roles for the CCL21 C-terminus include GAG-binding, spatial localization to lymphatic vessels, and autoinhibitory modulation of CCR7-mediated chemotaxis. While truncation of the C-terminal tail induced chemical shift changes in the folded chemokine domain, the structural basis for its influence on CCL21 function remains largely unexplored. CCL21 concentration-dependent NMR chemical shifts revealed weak, nonphysiological self-association that mimics the truncation of the C-terminal tail. We generated a series of C-terminal truncation variants to dissect the C-terminus influence on CCL21 structure and receptor activation. Using NMR spectroscopy, we found that CCL21 residues 80-90 mediate contacts with the chemokine domain. In cell-based assays for CCR7 and ACKR4 activation, we also found that residues 92-100 reduced CCL21 potency in calcium flux, cAMP inhibition, and β-arrestin recruitment. Taken together, these structure-function studies support a model wherein intramolecular interactions with specific residues of the flexible C-terminus stabilize a less active monomer conformation of the CCL21. We speculate that the autoinhibitory intramolecular contacts between the C-terminal tail and chemokine body are disrupted by GAG binding and/or interactions with the CCR7 receptor to ensure optimal functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha A Moussouras
- From the Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Gertrud M Hjortø
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Francis C Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4354, Luxembourg
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4354, Luxembourg
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Michael B Dwinell
- From the Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
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32
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Eckardt V, Miller MC, Blanchet X, Duan R, Leberzammer J, Duchene J, Soehnlein O, Megens RT, Ludwig AK, Dregni A, Faussner A, Wichapong K, Ippel H, Dijkgraaf I, Kaltner H, Döring Y, Bidzhekov K, Hackeng TM, Weber C, Gabius HJ, von Hundelshausen P, Mayo KH. Chemokines and galectins form heterodimers to modulate inflammation. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e47852. [PMID: 32080959 PMCID: PMC7132340 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201947852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and galectins are simultaneously upregulated and mediate leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. Until now, these effector molecules have been considered to function independently. Here, we tested the hypothesis that they form molecular hybrids. By systematically screening chemokines for their ability to bind galectin‐1 and galectin‐3, we identified several interacting pairs, such as CXCL12 and galectin‐3. Based on NMR and MD studies of the CXCL12/galectin‐3 heterodimer, we identified contact sites between CXCL12 β‐strand 1 and Gal‐3 F‐face residues. Mutagenesis of galectin‐3 residues involved in heterodimer formation resulted in reduced binding to CXCL12, enabling testing of functional activity comparatively. Galectin‐3, but not its mutants, inhibited CXCL12‐induced chemotaxis of leukocytes and their recruitment into the mouse peritoneum. Moreover, galectin‐3 attenuated CXCL12‐stimulated signaling via its receptor CXCR4 in a ternary complex with the chemokine and receptor, consistent with our structural model. This first report of heterodimerization between chemokines and galectins reveals a new type of interaction between inflammatory mediators that can underlie a novel immunoregulatory mechanism in inflammation. Thus, further exploration of the chemokine/galectin interactome is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veit Eckardt
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Michelle C Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, Health Sciences Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xavier Blanchet
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Rundan Duan
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Leberzammer
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Johan Duchene
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Remco Ta Megens
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Aurelio Dregni
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, Health Sciences Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alexander Faussner
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Kanin Wichapong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Ippel
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Dijkgraaf
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Kiril Bidzhekov
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Tilman M Hackeng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Weber
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp von Hundelshausen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, Health Sciences Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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33
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Yin Z, Venkannagari H, Lynch H, Aglyamova G, Bhandari M, Machius M, Nestler EJ, Robison AJ, Rudenko G. Self-assembly of the bZIP transcription factor ΔFosB. Curr Res Struct Biol 2019; 2:1-13. [PMID: 32542236 PMCID: PMC7295165 DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ΔFosB is a highly stable transcription factor that accumulates in specific brain regions upon chronic exposure to drugs of abuse, stress, or seizures, and mediates lasting behavioral responses. ΔFosB reportedly heterodimerizes with JunD forming a canonical bZIP leucine zipper coiled coil that clamps onto DNA. However, the striking accumulation of ΔFosB protein in brain upon chronic insult has brought its molecular status into question. Here, we demonstrate through a series of crystal structures that the ΔFosB bZIP domain self-assembles into stable oligomeric assemblies that defy the canonical arrangement. The ΔFosB bZIP domain also self-assembles in solution, and in neuron-like Neuro 2a cells it is trapped into molecular arrangements that are consistent with our structures. Our data suggest that, as ΔFosB accumulates in brain in response to chronic insult, it forms non-canonical assemblies. These species may be at the root of ΔFosB's striking protein stability, and its unique transcriptional and behavioral consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and the Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Harikanth Venkannagari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and the Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Haley Lynch
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Galina Aglyamova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and the Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Mukund Bhandari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and the Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Mischa Machius
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and the Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Eric J. Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alfred J. Robison
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Gabby Rudenko
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and the Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA,Corresponding author.
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34
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Nguyen KTP, Druhan LJ, Avalos BR, Zhai L, Rauova L, Nesmelova IV, Dréau D. CXCL12-CXCL4 heterodimerization prevents CXCL12-driven breast cancer cell migration. Cell Signal 2019; 66:109488. [PMID: 31785332 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in cancer early detection and treatment, metastatic breast cancer remains deadly. Current therapeutic approaches have very limited efficacy in patients with triple negative breast cancer. Among the many mechanisms associated that contribute to cancer progression, signaling through the CXCL12-CXCR4 is an essential step in cancer cell migration. We previously demonstrated the formation of CXCL12-CXCL4 heterodimers (Carlson et al., 2013). Here, we investigated whether CXCL12-CXCL4 heterodimers alter tumor cell migration. CXCL12 alone dose-dependently promoted the MDA-MB 231 cell migration (p < .05), which could be prevented by blocking the CXCR4 receptor. The addition of CXCL4 inhibited the CXCL12-induced cell migration (p < .05). Using NMR spectroscopy, we identified the CXCL4-CXCL12 binding interface. Moreover, we generated a CXCL4-derived peptide homolog of the binding interface that mimicked the activity of native CXCL4 protein. These results confirm the formation of CXCL12-CXCL4 heterodimers and their inhibitory effects on the migration of breast tumors cells. These findings suggest that specific peptides mimicking heterodimerization of CXCL12 might prevent breast cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh T P Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States of America
| | - Lawrence J Druhan
- Department of Hematologic Oncology & Blood Disorders, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, United States of America; Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States of America
| | - Belinda R Avalos
- Department of Hematologic Oncology & Blood Disorders, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, United States of America; Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States of America
| | - Li Zhai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Lubica Rauova
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Irina V Nesmelova
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States of America; Department of Physics and Optical Science, UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States of America
| | - Didier Dréau
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States of America; Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States of America.
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35
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Synergy Between Low Dose Metronomic Chemotherapy and the pH-centered Approach Against Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215438. [PMID: 31683667 PMCID: PMC6862380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low dose metronomic chemotherapy (MC) is becoming a mainstream treatment for cancer in veterinary medicine. Its mechanism of action is anti-angiogenesis by lowering vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and increasing trombospondin-1 (TSP1). It has also been adopted as a compassionate treatment in very advanced human cancer. However, one of the main limitations of this therapy is its short-term effectiveness: 6 to 12 months, after which resistance develops. pH-centered cancer treatment (pHT) has been proposed as a complementary therapy in cancer, but it has not been adopted or tested as a mainstream protocol, in spite of existing evidence of its advantages and benefits. Many of the factors directly or indirectly involved in MC and anti-angiogenic treatment resistance are appropriately antagonized by pHT. This led to the testing of an association between these two treatments. Preliminary evidence indicates that the association of MC and pHT has the ability to reduce anti-angiogenic treatment limitations and develop synergistic anti-cancer effects. This review will describe each of these treatments and will analyze the fundamentals of their synergy.
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Han J, Jeong W, Gu MJ, Yoo I, Yun CH, Kim J, Ka H. Cysteine-X-cysteine motif chemokine ligand 12 and its receptor CXCR4: expression, regulation, and possible function at the maternal-conceptus interface during early pregnancy in pigs. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:1137-1148. [PMID: 29945222 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine-X-cysteine (CXC) motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and its receptor, CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), are involved in regulating the proliferation, migration, and survival of trophoblast cells and the maternal immune response in humans and mice. The present study examined the expression, regulation, and function of CXCL12 and CXCR4 at the maternal-conceptus interface during pregnancy in pigs. The endometrium expressed CXCL12 and CXCR4 mRNAs with the greatest CXCL12 abundance on Day 15 of pregnancy. CXCL12 protein was localized mainly in endometrial epithelial cells, while CXCR4 protein was localized in subepithelial stromal cells, vascular endothelial cells, and immune cells in blood vessels in the endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. CXCL12 protein was detected in uterine flushing on Day 15 of pregnancy. The conceptus during early pregnancy and chorioallantoic tissues during mid-to-late pregnancy expressed CXCL12 and CXCR4. Interferon-γ increased the abundance of CXCL12, but not CXCR4 mRNA in endometrial explants. Recombinant CXCL12 (rCXCL12) protein dose-dependently increased migration of cultured porcine trophectoderm cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Furthermore, rCXCL12 caused migration of T cells, but not natural killer cells, in PBMCs. This study revealed that interferon-γ-induced CXCL12 and its receptor, CXCR4, were expressed at the maternal-conceptus interface and increased the migration of trophectoderm cells and T cells at the time of implantation in pigs. These results suggest that CXCL12 may be critical for the establishment of pregnancy by regulating trophoblast migration and T cell recruitment into the endometrium during the implantation period in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Han
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Jeong
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Gu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Yoo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakhyun Ka
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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De Leo F, Quilici G, Tirone M, De Marchis F, Mannella V, Zucchelli C, Preti A, Gori A, Casalgrandi M, Mezzapelle R, Bianchi ME, Musco G. Diflunisal targets the HMGB1/CXCL12 heterocomplex and blocks immune cell recruitment. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e47788. [PMID: 31418171 PMCID: PMC6776901 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201947788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular HMGB1 triggers inflammation following infection or injury and supports tumorigenesis in inflammation-related malignancies. HMGB1 has several redox states: reduced HMGB1 recruits inflammatory cells to injured tissues forming a heterocomplex with CXCL12 and signaling via its receptor CXCR4; disulfide-containing HMGB1 binds to TLR4 and promotes inflammatory responses. Here we show that diflunisal, an aspirin-like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has been in clinical use for decades, specifically inhibits in vitro and in vivo the chemotactic activity of HMGB1 at nanomolar concentrations, at least in part by binding directly to both HMGB1 and CXCL12 and disrupting their heterocomplex. Importantly, diflunisal does not inhibit TLR4-dependent responses. Our findings clarify the mode of action of diflunisal and open the way to the rational design of functionally specific anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica De Leo
- Biomolecular NMR LaboratoryDivision of Genetics and Cell BiologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
- Università Vita‐Salute San RaffaeleMilanItaly
- Chromatin Dynamics UnitDivision of Genetics and Cell BiologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
| | - Giacomo Quilici
- Biomolecular NMR LaboratoryDivision of Genetics and Cell BiologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
| | | | - Francesco De Marchis
- Chromatin Dynamics UnitDivision of Genetics and Cell BiologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
| | - Valeria Mannella
- Biomolecular NMR LaboratoryDivision of Genetics and Cell BiologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics (CTGB)IRCCS Policlinico San DonatoSan Donato MilaneseItaly
| | - Chiara Zucchelli
- Biomolecular NMR LaboratoryDivision of Genetics and Cell BiologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
| | | | - Alessandro Gori
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento MolecolareCNRMilanItaly
| | | | - Rosanna Mezzapelle
- Chromatin Dynamics UnitDivision of Genetics and Cell BiologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
| | - Marco E Bianchi
- Università Vita‐Salute San RaffaeleMilanItaly
- Chromatin Dynamics UnitDivision of Genetics and Cell BiologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
| | - Giovanna Musco
- Biomolecular NMR LaboratoryDivision of Genetics and Cell BiologyIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
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Alagpulinsa DA, Cao JJL, Driscoll RK, Sîrbulescu RF, Penson MFE, Sremac M, Engquist EN, Brauns TA, Markmann JF, Melton DA, Poznansky MC. Alginate-microencapsulation of human stem cell-derived β cells with CXCL12 prolongs their survival and function in immunocompetent mice without systemic immunosuppression. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:1930-1940. [PMID: 30748094 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell replacement by islet transplantation for the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is currently limited by donor tissue scarcity and the requirement for lifelong immunosuppression. The advent of in vitro differentiation protocols for generating functional β-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells, also referred to as SC-β cells, could eliminate these obstacles. To avoid the need for immunosuppression, alginate-microencapsulation is widely investigated as a safe path to β-cell replacement. Nonetheless, inflammatory foreign body responses leading to pericapsular fibrotic overgrowth often causes microencapsulated islet-cell death and graft failure. Here we used a novel approach to evade the pericapsular fibrotic response to alginate-microencapsulated SC-β cells; an immunomodulatory chemokine, CXCL12, was incorporated into clinical grade sodium alginate to microencapsulate SC-β cells. CXCL12 enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion activity of SC-β cells and induced expression of genes associated with β-cell function in vitro. SC-β cells co-encapsulated with CXCL12 showed enhanced insulin secretion in diabetic mice and accelerated the normalization of hyperglycemia. Additionally, SC-β cells co-encapsulated with CXCL12 evaded the pericapsular fibrotic response, resulting in long-term functional competence and glycemic correction (>150 days) without systemic immunosuppression in immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice. These findings lay the groundwork for further preclinical translation of this approach into large animal models of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Alagpulinsa
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jenny J L Cao
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pathology and School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Riley K Driscoll
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Ruxandra F Sîrbulescu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Madeline F E Penson
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marinko Sremac
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elise N Engquist
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy A Brauns
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James F Markmann
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas A Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mark C Poznansky
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Harnessing CXCL12 signaling to protect and preserve functional β-cell mass and for cell replacement in type 1 diabetes. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 193:63-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Hersh TA, Dimond AL, Ruth BA, Lupica NV, Bruce JC, Kelley JM, King BL, Lutton BV. A role for the CXCR4-CXCL12 axis in the little skate, Leucoraja erinacea. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R218-R229. [PMID: 29641231 PMCID: PMC6139610 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00322.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and its cognate ligand C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) plays a critical role in regulating hematopoietic stem cell activation and subsequent cellular mobilization. Extensive studies of these genes have been conducted in mammals, but much less is known about the expression and function of CXCR4 and CXCL12 in non-mammalian vertebrates. In the present study, we identify simultaneous expression of CXCR4 and CXCL12 orthologs in the epigonal organ (the primary hematopoietic tissue) of the little skate, Leucoraja erinacea. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses were functionally supported by significant mobilization of leukocytes following administration of Plerixafor, a CXCR4 antagonist and clinically important drug. Our results provide evidence that, as in humans, Plerixafor disrupts CXCR4/CXCL12 binding in the little skate, facilitating release of leukocytes into the bloodstream. Our study illustrates the value of the little skate as a model organism, particularly in studies of hematopoiesis and potentially for preclinical research on hematological and vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Hersh
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory , Bar Harbor, Maine
| | - Alexandria L Dimond
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory , Bar Harbor, Maine
- School of Arts and Sciences, Endicott College , Beverly, Massachusetts
| | - Brittany A Ruth
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory , Bar Harbor, Maine
- School of Arts and Sciences, Endicott College , Beverly, Massachusetts
| | - Noah V Lupica
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory , Bar Harbor, Maine
| | - Jacob C Bruce
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory , Bar Harbor, Maine
| | - John M Kelley
- School of Arts and Sciences, Endicott College , Beverly, Massachusetts
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Program in Placebo Studies, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin L King
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine , Orono, Maine
| | - Bram V Lutton
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory , Bar Harbor, Maine
- School of Arts and Sciences, Endicott College , Beverly, Massachusetts
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Thomas MA, He J, Peterson FC, Huppler AR, Volkman BF. The Solution Structure of CCL28 Reveals Structural Lability that Does Not Constrain Antifungal Activity. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3266-3282. [PMID: 29913161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine CCL28 is constitutively expressed in mucosal tissues and is abundant in low-salt mucosal secretions. Beyond its traditional role as a chemoattractant, CCL28 has been shown to act as a potent and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent with particular efficacy against the commensal fungus and opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans. However, the structural features that allow CCL28 to perform its chemotactic and antimicrobial functions remain unknown. Here, we report the structure of CCL28, solved using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. CCL28 adopts the canonical chemokine tertiary fold, but also has a disordered C-terminal domain that is partially tethered to the core by a non-conserved disulfide bond. Structure-function analysis reveals that removal of the C-terminal tail reduces the antifungal activity of CCL28 without disrupting its structural integrity. Conversely, removal of the non-conserved disulfide bond destabilizes the tertiary fold of CCL28 without altering its antifungal effects. Moreover, we report that CCL28 unfolds in response to low pH but is stabilized by the presence of salt. To explore the physiologic relevance of the observed structural lability of CCL28, we investigated the effects of pH and salt on the antifungal activity of CCL28 in vitro. We found that low pH enhances the antifungal potency of CCL28, but also that this pH effect is independent of CCL28's tertiary fold. Given its dual role as a chemoattractant and antimicrobial agent, our results suggest that changes in the salt concentration or pH at mucosal sites may fine-tune CCL28's functional repertoire by adjusting the thermostability of its structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica A Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jie He
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Francis C Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Anna R Huppler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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42
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Ameti R, Melgrati S, Radice E, Cameroni E, Hub E, Thelen S, Rot A, Thelen M. Characterization of a chimeric chemokine as a specific ligand for ACKR3. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:391-400. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2ma1217-509r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rafet Ameti
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine; Università della Svizzera italiana; Bellinzona Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Serena Melgrati
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine; Università della Svizzera italiana; Bellinzona Switzerland
- University of York; York United Kingdom
| | - Egle Radice
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine; Università della Svizzera italiana; Bellinzona Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Cameroni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine; Università della Svizzera italiana; Bellinzona Switzerland
| | - Elin Hub
- The William Harvey Research Institute; Queen Mary University London; London United Kingdom
| | - Sylvia Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine; Università della Svizzera italiana; Bellinzona Switzerland
| | - Antal Rot
- The William Harvey Research Institute; Queen Mary University London; London United Kingdom
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention; Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU); Munich Germany
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine; Università della Svizzera italiana; Bellinzona Switzerland
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43
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Systems for localized release to mimic paracrine cell communication in vitro. J Control Release 2018; 278:24-36. [PMID: 29601931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Paracrine cell communication plays a pivotal role for signal exchange between proximal cells in vivo. However, this localized, gradient type release of mediators at very low concentrations (pg/ml), relevant during physiological and pathological processes, is rarely reflected within in vitro approaches. This review gives an overview on state-of-the-art approaches, which transfer the paracrine cell-to-cell communication into in vitro cell culture model setups. The traditional methods like trans-well assays and more advanced microfluidic approaches are included. The review focusses on systems for localized release, mostly based on microparticles, which tightly mimic the paracrine interaction between single cells in 3D microenvironments. Approaches based on single microparticles, with the main focus on affinity-controlled storage and release of cytokines, are reviewed and their importance for understanding paracrine communication is highlighted. Various methods to study the cytokine release and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Basic principles of the release characteristics, like diffusion mechanisms, are quantitatively described, including the formation of resulting gradients around the local sources. In vitro cell experiments using such localized microparticle release systems in approaches to increase understanding of stem cell behavior within their niches and regulation of wound healing are highlighted as examples of successful localized release systems for mimicking paracrine cell communication.
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Bhatt P, Kumaresan V, Palanisamy R, Ravichandran G, Mala K, Amin SMN, Arshad A, Yusoff FM, Arockiaraj J. A mini review on immune role of chemokines and its receptors in snakehead murrel Channa striatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 72:670-678. [PMID: 29162541 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are ubiquitous cytokine molecules involved in migration of cells during inflammation and normal physiological processes. Though the study on chemokines in mammalian species like humans have been extensively studied, characterization of chemokines in teleost fishes is still in the early stage. The present review provides an overview of chemokines and its receptors in a teleost fish, Channa striatus. C. striatus is an air breathing freshwater carnivore, which has enormous economic importance. This species is affected by an oomycete fungus, Aphanomyces invadans and a Gram negative bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila is known to cause secondary infection. These pathogens impose immune changes in the host organism, which in turn mounts several immune responses. Of these, the role of cytokines in the immune response is immense, due to their involvement in several activities of inflammation such as cell trafficking to the site of inflammation and antigen presentation. Given that importance, chemokines in fishes do have significant role in the immunological and other physiological functions of the organism, hence there is a need to understand the characteristics, activities and performace of these small molecules in details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanth Bhatt
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatesh Kumaresan
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajesh Palanisamy
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gayathri Ravichandran
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; SRM Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kanchana Mala
- Medical College Hospital and Research Center, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S M Nurul Amin
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aziz Arshad
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Md Yusoff
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Effects of cognate, non-cognate and synthetic CXCR4 and ACKR3 ligands on human lung endothelial cell barrier function. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187949. [PMID: 29125867 PMCID: PMC5681266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that chemokine CXCL12, the cognate agonist of chemokine receptors CXCR4 and ACKR3, reduces thrombin-mediated impairment of endothelial barrier function. A detailed characterization of the effects of CXCL12 on thrombin-mediated human lung endothelial hyperpermeability is lacking and structure-function correlations are not available. Furthermore, effects of other CXCR4/ACKR3 ligands on lung endothelial barrier function are unknown. Thus, we tested the effects of a panel of CXCR4/ACKR3 ligands (CXCL12, CXCL11, ubiquitin, AMD3100, TC14012) and compared the CXCR4/ACKR3 activities of CXCL12 variants (CXCL12α/β, CXCL12(3–68), CXCL121, CXCL122, CXCL12-S-S4V, CXCL12-R47E, CXCL12-K27A/R41A/R47A) with their effects on human lung endothelial barrier function in permeability assays. CXCL12α enhanced human primary pulmonary artery endothelial cell (hPPAEC) barrier function, whereas CXCL11, ubiquitin, AMD3100 and TC14012 were ineffective. Pre-treatment of hPPAEC with CXCL12α and ubiquitin reduced thrombin-mediated hyperpermeability. CXCL12α-treatment of hPPAEC after thrombin exposure reduced barrier function impairment by 70% (EC50 0.05–0.5nM), which could be antagonized with AMD3100; ubiquitin (0.03–3μM) was ineffective. In a human lung microvascular endothelial cell line (HULEC5a), CXCL12α and ubiquitin post-treatment attenuated thrombin-induced hyperpermeability to a similar degree. CXCL12(3–68) was inefficient to activate CXCR4 in Presto-Tango β-arrestin2 recruitment assays; CXCL12-S-S4V, CXCL12-R47E and CXCL12-K27A/R41A/R47A showed significantly reduced potencies to activate CXCR4. While the potencies of all proteins in ACKR3 Presto-Tango assays were comparable, the efficacy of CXCL12(3–68) to activate ACKR3 was significantly reduced. The potencies to attenuate thrombin-mediated hPPAEC barrier function impairment were: CXCL12α/β, CXCL121, CXCL12-K27A/R41A/R47A > CXCL12-S-S4V, CXCL12-R47E > CXCL122 > CXCL12(3–68). Our findings indicate that CXCR4 activation attenuates thrombin-induced lung endothelial barrier function impairment and suggest that protective effects of CXCL12 are dictated by its CXCR4 agonist activity and interactions of distinct protein moieties with heparan sulfate on the endothelial surface. These data may facilitate development of compounds with improved pharmacological properties to attenuate thrombin-induced vascular leakage in the pulmonary circulation.
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Yin Z, Machius M, Nestler EJ, Rudenko G. Activator Protein-1: redox switch controlling structure and DNA-binding. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:11425-11436. [PMID: 28981703 PMCID: PMC5737521 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor, activator protein-1 (AP-1), binds to cognate DNA under redox control; yet, the underlying mechanism has remained enigmatic. A series of crystal structures of the AP-1 FosB/JunD bZIP domains reveal ordered DNA-binding regions in both FosB and JunD even in absence DNA. However, while JunD is competent to bind DNA, the FosB bZIP domain must undergo a large conformational rearrangement that is controlled by a 'redox switch' centered on an inter-molecular disulfide bond. Solution studies confirm that FosB/JunD cannot undergo structural transition and bind DNA when the redox-switch is in the 'OFF' state, and show that the mid-point redox potential of the redox switch affords it sensitivity to cellular redox homeostasis. The molecular and structural studies presented here thus reveal the mechanism underlying redox-regulation of AP-1 Fos/Jun transcription factors and provide structural insight for therapeutic interventions targeting AP-1 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and the Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Mischa Machius
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and the Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Eric J. Nestler
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gabby Rudenko
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and the Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 409 772 6292; Fax: +1 409 772 9642;
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Miller MC, Mayo KH. Chemokines from a Structural Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102088. [PMID: 28974038 PMCID: PMC5666770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a family of small, highly conserved cytokines that mediate various biological processes, including chemotaxis, hematopoiesis, and angiogenesis, and that function by interacting with cell surface G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). Because of their significant involvement in various biological functions and pathologies, chemokines and their receptors have been the focus of therapeutic discovery for clinical intervention. There are several sub-families of chemokines (e.g., CXC, CC, C, and CX3C) defined by the positions of sequentially conserved cysteine residues. Even though all chemokines also have a highly conserved, three-stranded β-sheet/α-helix tertiary structural fold, their quarternary structures vary significantly with their sub-family. Moreover, their conserved tertiary structures allow for subunit swapping within and between sub-family members, thus promoting the concept of a “chemokine interactome”. This review is focused on structural aspects of CXC and CC chemokines, their functional synergy and ability to form heterodimers within the chemokine interactome, and some recent developments in structure-based chemokine-targeted drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Tiwari N, Srivastava A, Kundu B, Munde M. Biophysical insight into the heparin-peptide interaction and its modulation by a small molecule. J Mol Recognit 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Tiwari
- School of Physical Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi India
| | - Ankit Srivastava
- School of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Technology; New Delhi India
| | - Bishwajit Kundu
- School of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Technology; New Delhi India
| | - Manoj Munde
- School of Physical Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi India
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Louka DA, Holwell N, Thomas BH, Chen F, Amsden BG. Highly Bioactive SDF-1α Delivery from Low-Melting-Point, Biodegradable Polymer Microspheres. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:3747-3758. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra A. Louka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Nathan Holwell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Brandon H. Thomas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Brian G. Amsden
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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CCR7 Sulfotyrosine Enhances CCL21 Binding. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091857. [PMID: 28841151 PMCID: PMC5618506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are secreted proteins that direct the migration of immune cells and are involved in numerous disease states. For example, CCL21 (CC chemokine ligand 21) and CCL19 (CC chemokine ligand 19) recruit antigen-presenting dendritic cells and naïve T-cells to the lymph nodes and are thought to play a role in lymph node metastasis of CCR7 (CC chemokine receptor 7)-expressing cancer cells. For many chemokine receptors, N-terminal posttranslational modifications, particularly the sulfation of tyrosine residues, increases the affinity for chemokine ligands and may contribute to receptor ligand bias. Chemokine sulfotyrosine (sY) binding sites are also potential targets for drug development. In light of the structural similarity between sulfotyrosine and phosphotyrosine (pY), the interactions of CCL21 with peptide fragments of CCR7 containing tyrosine, pY, or sY were compared using protein NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy in this study. Various N-terminal CCR7 peptides maintain binding site specificity with Y8-, pY8-, or sY8-containing peptides binding near the α-helix, while Y17-, pY17-, and sY17-containing peptides bind near the N-loop and β3-stand of CCL21. All modified CCR7 peptides showed enhanced binding affinity to CCL21, with sY having the largest effect.
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