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Chen B, Xue D, Li Z, Jiang L, Tian Y, Zhu J, Jin X, Yang J, Huang C, Liu J, Liu H, Liu J, He Z. Anthropogenic Disturbances Influenced the Island Effect on Both Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Diversity on Subtropical Islands, Pingtan, China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1537. [PMID: 38891345 PMCID: PMC11174741 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The investigation of taxonomic diversity within island plant communities stands as a central focus in the field of island biogeography. Phylogenetic diversity is crucial for unraveling the evolutionary history, ecological functions, and species combinations within island plant communities. Island effects (area and isolation effect) may shape species distribution patterns, habitat heterogeneity affects habitat diversity, and anthropogenic disturbances can lead to species extinction and habitat destruction, thus impacting both species diversity and phylogenetic diversity. To investigate how taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity in island natural plant communities respond to island effects, habitat heterogeneity, and anthropogenic disturbances, we took the main island of Haitan (a land-bridge island) and nine surrounding islands (oceanic islands) of varying sizes as the subjects of our study on the Pingtan islands. We aim to elucidate the influence of island effects, habitat heterogeneity, and anthropogenic disturbances on taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity. The results showed that, (1) Both the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of plants on the Pingtan islands followed the island area effect, indicating that as the island area increases, both taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity also increase. (2) Island effects and habitat heterogeneity were found to enhance taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity, whereas anthropogenic disturbances were associated with a decrease in both taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity. Furthermore, the synergistic influence of island effects, habitat heterogeneity, and anthropogenic disturbances collectively exerted a negative impact on both taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity. (3) The contribution of explanatory variables of anthropogenic disturbances for taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity was higher than that of island effects and habitat heterogeneity. Additionally, the contribution of the explanatory variables under the combined influence of island effects, habitat heterogeneity, and anthropogenic disturbances is higher than that of the individual variables for island effects and habitat heterogeneity. These findings suggest that anthropogenic disturbances emerged as the dominant factors influencing both taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity. These findings demonstrate the intricate interplay between island effects, habitat heterogeneity, and anthropogenic disturbances, highlighting their combined influence on both taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity on island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Ecology and Resource Statistics, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (B.C.); (Z.L.); (L.J.); (Y.T.); (J.Z.); (X.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Denghong Xue
- Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone Natural Resources Service Center, Fuzhou 350400, China;
| | - Zhihui Li
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Ecology and Resource Statistics, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (B.C.); (Z.L.); (L.J.); (Y.T.); (J.Z.); (X.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Lan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Ecology and Resource Statistics, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (B.C.); (Z.L.); (L.J.); (Y.T.); (J.Z.); (X.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Ecology and Resource Statistics, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (B.C.); (Z.L.); (L.J.); (Y.T.); (J.Z.); (X.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Ecology and Resource Statistics, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (B.C.); (Z.L.); (L.J.); (Y.T.); (J.Z.); (X.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Xing Jin
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Ecology and Resource Statistics, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (B.C.); (Z.L.); (L.J.); (Y.T.); (J.Z.); (X.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Ecology and Resource Statistics, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (B.C.); (Z.L.); (L.J.); (Y.T.); (J.Z.); (X.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Chaofa Huang
- Fujian Forestry Prospect and Design Institute, Fuzhou 350001, China;
| | - Jurong Liu
- Fujian Forestry Survey and Planning Institute, Fuzhou 350001, China; (J.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Hai Liu
- Fujian Forestry Survey and Planning Institute, Fuzhou 350001, China; (J.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Jinfu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Ecology and Resource Statistics, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (B.C.); (Z.L.); (L.J.); (Y.T.); (J.Z.); (X.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Zhongsheng He
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Ecology and Resource Statistics, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (B.C.); (Z.L.); (L.J.); (Y.T.); (J.Z.); (X.J.); (J.Y.)
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Zhao Y, Mendenhall CD, Matthews TJ, Wang D, Li W, Liu X, Tang S, Han P, Wei G, Kang Y, Wu C, Wang R, Zeng D, Frishkoff LO, Si X. Land-use change interacts with island biogeography to alter bird community assembly. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232245. [PMID: 38471555 PMCID: PMC10932711 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have reshaped biodiversity on islands worldwide. However, it remains unclear how island attributes and land-use change interactively shape multiple facets of island biodiversity through community assembly processes. To answer this, we conducted bird surveys in various land-use types (mainly forest and farmland) using transects on 34 oceanic land-bridge islands in the largest archipelago of China. We found that bird species richness increased with island area and decreased with isolation, regardless of the intensity of land-use change. However, forest-dominated habitats exhibited lower richness than farmland-dominated habitats. Island bird assemblages generally comprised species that share more similar traits or evolutionary histories (i.e. functional and/or phylogenetic clustering) than expected if assemblages were randomly assembled. Contrary to our expectations, we observed that bird assemblages in forest-dominated habitats were more clustered on large and close islands, whereas assemblages in farmland-dominated habitats were more clustered on small islands. These contrasting results indicate that land-use change interacts with island biogeography to alter the community assembly of birds on inhabited islands. Our findings emphasize the importance of incorporating human-modified habitats when examining the community assembly of island biota, and further suggest that agricultural landscapes on large islands may play essential roles in protecting countryside island biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Zhao
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Thomas J. Matthews
- GEES (School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences) and Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- CE3C – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group / CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute and Universidade dos Açores – Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, PT-9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
| | - Duorun Wang
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Wande Li
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangxu Liu
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Shupei Tang
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Han
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangpeng Wei
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Kang
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxiao Wu
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zeng
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Luke O. Frishkoff
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Xingfeng Si
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
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Li S, Tu T, Li S, Yang X, Zheng Y, Guo LD, Zhang D, Jiang L. Different mechanisms underlie similar species-area relationships in two tropical archipelagoes. PLANT DIVERSITY 2024; 46:238-246. [PMID: 38807910 PMCID: PMC11128831 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Despite much research in the field of island biogeography, mechanisms regulating insular diversity remain elusive. Here, we aim to explore mechanisms underlying plant species-area relationships in two tropical archipelagoes in the South China Sea. We found positive plant species-area relationships for both coral and continental archipelagoes. However, our results showed that different mechanisms contributed to similar plant species-area relationships between the two archipelagoes. For coral islands, soil nutrients and spatial distance among communities played major roles in shaping plant community structure and species diversity. By contrast, the direct effect of island area, and to a lesser extent, soil nutrients determined plant species richness on continental islands. Intriguingly, increasing soil nutrients availability (N, P, K) had opposite effects on plant diversity between the two archipelagoes. In summary, the habitat quality effect and dispersal limitation are important for regulating plant diversity on coral islands, whereas the passive sampling effect, and to a lesser extent, the habitat quality effect are important for regulating plant diversity on continental islands. More generally, our findings indicate that island plant species-area relationships are outcomes of the interplay of both niche and neutral processes, but the driving mechanisms behind these relationships depends on the type of islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- ECNU-Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Study, Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang 330032, China
| | - Tieyao Tu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Shaopeng Li
- ECNU-Alberta Joint Lab for Biodiversity Study, Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai 202162, China
| | - Xian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Liang-Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dianxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Zhu C, Dalsgaard B, Li W, Gonçalves F, Vollstädt MGR, Ren P, Zhang X, Shao J, Ding P, Si X. Generalist and topologically central avian frugivores promote plant invasion unequally across land-bridge islands. Ecology 2024; 105:e4216. [PMID: 38037487 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Seed dispersal by frugivorous birds facilitates plant invasions, but it is poorly known how invasive plants integrate into native communities in fragmented landscapes. We surveyed plant-frugivore interactions, including an invasive plant (Phytolacca americana), on 22 artificial land-bridge islands (fragmented forests) in the Thousand Island Lake, China. Focusing on frugivory interactions that may lead to seed dispersal, we built ecological networks of studied islands both at the local island (community) and at landscape (metacommunity) levels. On islands with P. americana, we found that P. americana impacted local avian frugivory networks more on islands with species-poor plant communities and on isolated islands. Moreover, as P. americana interacted mainly with local core birds (generalists), this indicates reduced seed dispersal of native plants on invaded islands. At the landscape level, P. americana had established strong interactions with generalist birds that largely maintain seed-dispersal functions across islands, as revealed by their topologically central roles both in the regional plant-bird trophic network and in the spatial metanetwork. This indicates that generalist frugivorous birds may have facilitated the dispersal of P. americana across islands, making P. americana well integrated into the plant-frugivore mutualistic metacommunity. Taken together, our study demonstrates that the impact of plant invasion is context-dependent and that generalist native frugivores with high dispersal potential may accelerate plant invasion in fragmented landscapes. These findings highlight the importance of taking the functional roles of animal mutualists and habitat fragmentation into account when managing plant invasions and their impact on native communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Dalsgaard
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wande Li
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fernando Gonçalves
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maximilian G R Vollstädt
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peng Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Junjie Shao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingfeng Si
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang X, Dalsgaard B, Staab M, Zhu C, Zhao Y, Gonçalves F, Ren P, Cai C, Qiao G, Ding P, Si X. Habitat fragmentation increases specialization of multi-trophic interactions by high species turnover. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231372. [PMID: 37876189 PMCID: PMC10598433 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation is altering species interactions worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying the response of network specialization to habitat fragmentation remain unknown, especially for multi-trophic interactions. We here collected a large dataset consisting of 2670 observations of tri-trophic interactions among plants, sap-sucking aphids and honeydew-collecting ants on 18 forested islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China. For each island, we constructed an antagonistic plant-aphid and a mutualistic aphid-ant network, and tested how network specialization varied with island area and isolation. We found that both networks exhibited higher specialization on smaller islands, while only aphid-ant networks had increased specialization on more isolated islands. Variations in network specialization among islands was primarily driven by species turnover, which was interlinked across trophic levels as fragmentation increased the specialization of both antagonistic and mutualistic networks through bottom-up effects via plant and aphid communities. These findings reveal that species on small and isolated islands display higher specialization mainly due to effects of fragmentation on species turnover, with behavioural changes causing interaction rewiring playing only a minor role. Our study highlights the significance of adopting a multi-trophic perspective when exploring patterns and processes in structuring ecological networks in fragmented landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Bo Dalsgaard
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Michael Staab
- Technical University Darmstadt, Ecological Networks, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Chen Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Yuhao Zhao
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Fernando Gonçalves
- Section for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Peng Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Cai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Gexia Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingfeng Si
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
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Martínez AE, Si X, Zhou L, Zeng D, Ding P, Goodale E. Interspecific sociality alters the colonization and extinction rates of birds on subtropical reservoir islands. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220096. [PMID: 37066642 PMCID: PMC10107236 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Island biogeography theory has proved a robust approach to predicting island biodiversity on the assumption of species equivalency. However, species differ in their grouping behaviour and are entangled by complex interactions in island communities, such as competition and mutualism. We here investigated whether intra- and/or interspecific sociality may influence biogeographic patterns, by affecting movement between islands or persistence on them. We classified bird species in a subtropical reservoir island system into subcommunities based on their propensity to join monospecific and mixed-species flocks. We found that subcommunities which had high propensity to flock interspecifically had higher colonization rates and lower extinction rates over a 10-year period. Intraspecific sociality increased colonization in the same analysis. A phylogenetically corrected analysis confirmed the importance of interspecific sociality, but not intraspecific sociality. Group-living could enable higher risk crossings, with greater vigilance also linked to higher foraging efficiency, enabling colonization or long-term persistence on islands. Further, if group members are other species, competition can be minimized. Future studies should investigate different kinds of island systems, considering positive species interactions driven by social behaviour as potential drivers of community assembly on islands. This article is part of the theme issue 'Mixed-species groups and aggregations: shaping ecological and behavioural patterns and processes'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari E. Martínez
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, 100 DaXue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingfeng Si
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, 100 DaXue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
- Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zeng
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Eben Goodale
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, 100 DaXue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
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7
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Yuan S, Miao K, Qian R, Zhao Y, Hu D, Hu C, Chang Q. The role of landscape in shaping bird community and implications for landscape management at Nanjing Lukou International Airport. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9646. [PMID: 36620403 PMCID: PMC9817198 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the patterns of bird diversity and its driving force is necessary for bird strike prevention. In this study, we investigated the effects of landscape on phylogenetic and functional diversity of bird communities at Nanjing Lukou International Airport (NLIA). Bird identifications and counting of individuals were carried out from November 2017 to October 2019. Based on the land-cover data, the landscape was divided into four main types, including farmlands, woodlands, wetlands, and urban areas. Bird phylogenetic and functional diversity were strongly affected by landscape matrix types. Species richness and Faith's phylogenetic distance were highest in woodlands, while mean pairwise distance (MPD), mean nearest-taxon distance (MNTD), and functional dispersion (FDis) were highest in wetlands. Based on the feeding behavior, carnivorous birds had the lowest species richness but had the highest FDis, which implied that carnivorous birds occupied most niches at the NLIA. Moreover, bird assemblages exhibited phylogenetic and functional clustering in the four kinds of landscapes. A variety of landscape attributes had significant effects on species diversity, phylogenetic and functional diversity. Landscape-scale factors played an important role in the shaping of bird communities around NLIA. Our results suggest that landscape management surrounding airports can provide new approaches for policymakers to mitigate wildlife strikes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Keer Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ruen Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yang Zhao
- Nanjing Lukou International AirportNanjingChina
| | - Dongfang Hu
- Nanjing Lukou International AirportNanjingChina
| | - Chaochao Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina,Analytical and Testing CenterNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qing Chang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
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Plant-frugivore network simplification under habitat fragmentation leaves a small core of interacting generalists. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1214. [PMID: 36357489 PMCID: PMC9649668 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation impacts seed dispersal processes that are important in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. However, it is still unclear how habitat fragmentation affects frugivorous interactions due to the lack of high-quality data on plant-frugivore networks. Here we recorded 10,117 plant-frugivore interactions from 22 reservoir islands and six nearby mainland sites using the technology of arboreal camera trapping to assess the effects of island area and isolation on the diversity, structure, and stability of plant-frugivore networks. We found that network simplification under habitat fragmentation reduces the number of interactions involving specialized species and large-bodied frugivores. Small islands had more connected, less modular, and more nested networks that consisted mainly of small-bodied birds and abundant plants, as well as showed evidence of interaction release (i.e., dietary expansion of frugivores). Our results reveal the importance of preserving large forest remnants to support plant-frugivore interaction diversity and forest functionality. Smaller communities, such as those on islands, under ecological network simplification reduce interactions between specialist organisms.
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Si X, Cadotte MW, Davies TJ, Antonelli A, Ding P, Svenning JC, Faurby S. Phylogenetic and functional clustering illustrate the roles of adaptive radiation and dispersal filtering in jointly shaping late-Quaternary mammal assemblages on oceanic islands. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:1250-1262. [PMID: 35275608 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Islands frequently harbour unique assemblages of species, yet their ecological roles and differences are largely ignored in island biogeography studies. Here, we examine eco-evolutionary processes structuring mammal assemblages on oceanic islands worldwide, including all extant and extinct late-Quaternary mammal species. We find island mammal assemblages tend to be phylogenetically clustered (share more recent evolutionary histories), with clustering increasing with island area and isolation. We also observe that mammal assemblages often tend to be functionally clustered (share similar traits), but the strength of clustering is weak and generally independent from island area or isolation. These findings indicate the important roles of in situ speciation and dispersal filtering in shaping island mammal assemblages under pre-anthropogenic conditions, notably through adaptive radiation of a few clades (e.g. bats, with generally high dispersal abilities). Our study demonstrates that considering the functional and phylogenetic axes of diversity can better reveal the eco-evolutionary processes of island community assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfeng Si
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, China
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Jonathan Davies
- Departments of Botany, and Forest & Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Royal Botanic Gardens, Richmond, Surrey, UK.,Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ping Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Søren Faurby
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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10
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Lin H, Dai C, Yu H, Tu J, Yu J, He J, Jiang H. Historical connectivity and environmental filtering jointly determine the freshwater fish assemblages on Taiwan and Hainan Islands of China. Curr Zool 2022; 69:12-20. [PMID: 36974143 PMCID: PMC10039183 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The biotas of Taiwan and Hainan Islands are of continental origin, but the manner with which historical and ecological factors shaped these insular species is still unclear. Here, we used freshwater fish as a model to fill this gap by quantifying the phylogenetic structure of the insular faunas and disentangling the relative contribution of potential drivers. Firstly, we used clustering and ordination analyses to identify regional species pools. To test whether the insular freshwater fish faunas were phylogenetically clustered or overdispersed, we calculated the net relatedness index (NRI) and the nearest taxon index (NTI). Finally, we implemented logistic regressions to disentangle the relative importance of species attributes (i.e. maximum body length, climatic niche dissimilarity, and diversification) and historical connectivity in explaining the insular faunas. Our results showed that the most possible species pools of Taiwan are Zhejiang and Fujian provinces, and those of Hainan are Guangdong and Guangxi provinces. These insular faunas showed random phylogenetic structures in terms of NRI values. According to the NTI values, however, the Taiwanese fauna displayed more phylogenetic clustering, while the Hainanese one was more overdispersed. Both the standard and phylogenetic logistic regressions identified historical connectivity and climatic niche dissimilarity as the two top explanatory variables for species assemblages on these islands. Our reconstruction of the paleo-connected drainage basins provides insight into how historical processes and ecological factors interact to shape the freshwater fish fauna of the East Asian islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxian Lin
- Spatial Ecology Laboraty, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chao Dai
- Spatial Ecology Laboraty, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Hongyin Yu
- Spatial Ecology Laboraty, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jiahao Tu
- Spatial Ecology Laboraty, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jiehua Yu
- Spatial Ecology Laboraty, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jiekun He
- Spatial Ecology Laboraty, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Haisheng Jiang
- Spatial Ecology Laboraty, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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11
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He X, DuBay S, Zhangshang M, Cheng Y, Liu Z, Li D, Ran J, Wu Y. Seasonal elevational patterns and the underlying mechanisms of avian diversity and community structure on the eastern slope of Mt. Gongga. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xingcheng He
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resources and Eco‐Environment Ministry of Education College of Life Science Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Shane DuBay
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Mingyu Zhangshang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resources and Eco‐Environment Ministry of Education College of Life Science Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yuwen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resources and Eco‐Environment Ministry of Education College of Life Science Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Zhengwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resources and Eco‐Environment Ministry of Education College of Life Science Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Dongrui Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resources and Eco‐Environment Ministry of Education College of Life Science Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Jianghong Ran
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resources and Eco‐Environment Ministry of Education College of Life Science Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yongjie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resources and Eco‐Environment Ministry of Education College of Life Science Sichuan University Chengdu China
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12
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Li J, Dirzo R, Wang Y, Zeng D, Liu J, Ren P, Zhong L, Ding P. Rapid morphological change in a small mammal species after habitat fragmentation over the past half‐century. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Rodolfo Dirzo
- Department of Biology and Woods Institute for the Environment Stanford University Stanford California USA
| | - Yanping Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology College of Life Sciences Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China
| | - Di Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Juan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Peng Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Lei Zhong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Ping Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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13
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Carvalho WD, Lourenço EC, Costa LM, Bergallo HG, Esbérard CEL. Patterns and drivers determining phyllostomid bat diversity in land-bridge islands off the south-east coast of Brazil. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Few studies that apply the theory of island biogeography have considered the functional and phylogenetic dimensions of diversity. However, the joint use of the three diversity dimensions, i.e. taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic, can help us to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying ecological and evolutionary processes. Here, we compare phyllostomid bat assemblages between five land-bridge islands off the south-east coast of Brazil and compare these islands with three sites on the mainland. For this, we have estimated the three dimensions of α- and β-diversity, nestedness and community indexes based on mean trait values for the islands and the mainland. The mainland showed higher species richness and taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity. In addition, only species richness and phylogenetic diversity were positively related to island area. Taxonomically and functionally, the poorest assemblages (minor islands) were subgroups of the richer assemblages (mainland and larger islands). Taken together, our results show that bat assemblages of smaller islands tend to be more sensitive to changes in species richness than those of larger islands, with the larger islands working as a ‘source’ of species for small islands. These results demonstrate the high conservation value of the larger islands, which has direct consequences for local population dynamics of phyllostomid bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Douglas Carvalho
- Laboratório de Diversidade de Morcegos, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, CP 74507, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, 79804-970, Rod. Dourados/Itahum, Km 12 – Unidade II, Dourados, MS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical, Universidade Federal do Amapá, 68903-419, Rod. Juscelino Kubitscheck, S/N – Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Elizabete Captivo Lourenço
- Laboratório de Diversidade de Morcegos, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, CP 74507, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos, Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana Moraes Costa
- Laboratório de Diversidade de Morcegos, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, CP 74507, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos, Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Helena Godoy Bergallo
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos, Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Lustosa Esbérard
- Laboratório de Diversidade de Morcegos, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, CP 74507, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
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14
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Schrader J, Wright IJ, Kreft H, Westoby M. A roadmap to plant functional island biogeography. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2851-2870. [PMID: 34423523 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Island biogeography is the study of the spatio-temporal distribution of species, communities, assemblages or ecosystems on islands and other isolated habitats. Island diversity is structured by five classes of process: dispersal, establishment, biotic interactions, extinction and evolution. Classical approaches in island biogeography focused on species richness as the deterministic outcome of these processes. This has proved fruitful, but species traits can potentially offer new biological insights into the processes by which island life assembles and why some species perform better at colonising and persisting on islands. Functional traits refer to morphological and phenological characteristics of an organism or species that can be linked to its ecological strategy and that scale up from individual plants to properties of communities and ecosystems. A baseline hypothesis is for traits and ecological strategies of island species to show similar patterns as a matched mainland environment. However, strong dispersal, environmental and biotic-interaction filters as well as stochasticity associated with insularity modify this baseline. Clades that do colonise often embark on distinct ecological and evolutionary pathways, some because of distinctive evolutionary forces on islands, and some because of the opportunities offered by freedom from competitors or herbivores or the absence of mutualists. Functional traits are expected to be shaped by these processes. Here, we review and discuss the potential for integrating functional traits into island biogeography. While we focus on plants, the general considerations and concepts may be extended to other groups of organisms. We evaluate how functional traits on islands relate to core principles of species dispersal, establishment, extinction, reproduction, biotic interactions, evolution and conservation. We formulate existing knowledge as 33 working hypotheses. Some of these are grounded on firm empirical evidence, others provide opportunities for future research. We organise our hypotheses under five overarching sections. Section A focuses on plant functional traits enabling species dispersal to islands. Section B discusses how traits help to predict species establishment, successional trajectories and natural extinctions on islands. Section C reviews how traits indicate species biotic interactions and reproduction strategies and which traits promote intra-island dispersal. Section D discusses how evolution on islands leads to predictable changes in trait values and which traits are most susceptible to change. Section E debates how functional ecology can be used to study multiple drivers of global change on islands and to formulate effective conservation measures. Islands have a justified reputation as research models. They illuminate the forces operating within mainland communities by showing what happens when those forces are released or changed. We believe that the lens of functional ecology can shed more light on these forces than research approaches that do not consider functional differences among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schrader
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Holger Kreft
- Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Goettingen, Germany.,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Mark Westoby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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15
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Island biogeography theory predicts plant species richness of remnant grassland patches in the agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Hu G, Wilson M, Zhou BB, Shang C, Yu M, Wu J. Spatiotemporal patterns and ecological consequences of a fragmented landscape created by damming. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11416. [PMID: 34055485 PMCID: PMC8142928 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Damming disrupts rivers and destroys neighboring terrestrial ecosystems through inundation, resulting in profound and long-lasting impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem processes far beyond the river system itself. Archipelagos formed by damming are often considered ideal systems for studying habitat fragmentation. Methods Here we quantified the island attributes and landscape dynamics of the Thousand Island Lake (TIL) in China, which is one of the several long-term biodiversity/fragmentation research sites around the world. We also synthesized the major findings of relevant studies conducted in the region to further ecological understanding of damming and landscape fragmentation. Results Our results show that the vegetations on islands and the neighboring mainland were both recovering between 1985 and 2005 due to reforestation and natural succession, but the regeneration was partly interrupted after 2005 because of increasing human influences. While major changes in landscape composition occurred primarily in the lakefront areas and near-lakeshore islands, landscape patterns became structurally more complex and fragmented on both islands and mainland. About 80 studies from the TIL region show that the genetic, taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity on these islands were mainly influenced by island area at the patch scale, but fragmentation per se also affected species composition and related ecological processes at patch and landscape scales. In general, islands had lower species diversity but a steeper species-area relationship than the surrounding mainland. Fragmentation and edge effects substantially hindered ecological succession towards more densely vegetated forests on the islands. Environmental heterogeneity and filtering had a major impact on island biotic communities. We hypothesize that there are multiple mechanisms operating at different spatial scales that link landscape fragmentation and ecological dynamics in the TIL region, which beg for future studies. By focusing on an extensive spatiotemporal analysis of the island-mainland system and a synthesis of existing studies in the region, this study provides an important foundation and several promising directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Hu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Maxwell Wilson
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States
| | - Bing-Bing Zhou
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States
| | - Chenwei Shang
- School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Center for Human-Environment System Sustainability (CHESS), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjian Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States.,School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States
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17
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Liao J, Liao T, He X, Zhang T, Li D, Luo X, Wu Y, Ran J. The effects of agricultural landscape composition and heterogeneity on bird diversity and community structure in the Chengdu Plain, China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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18
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Adorno BFCB, Barros FM, Cezar Ribeiro M, Silva VX, Hasui É. Landscape heterogeneity shapes bird phylogenetic responses at forest–matrix interfaces in Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fábio M. Barros
- CPEA (Consultoria, Planejamento e Estudos Ambientais) São Paulo Brazil
| | - Milton Cezar Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação (LEEC) Departamento de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Rio Claro Brazil
| | - Vinícius X. Silva
- Instituto de Ciências da NaturezaUniversidade Federal de Alfenas Alfenas Brazil
| | - Érica Hasui
- Instituto de Ciências da NaturezaUniversidade Federal de Alfenas Alfenas Brazil
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19
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Bełcik M, Lenda M, Amano T, Skórka P. Different response of the taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity of birds to forest fragmentation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20320. [PMID: 33230280 PMCID: PMC7683534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation is considered as major threat to biodiversity worldwide. Biodiversity can be described as taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity. However, the effect of forest fragmentation on taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity is barely understood. We compare the response of taxonomic (species richness), phylogenetic and functional diversity of birds to forest fragmentation. We hypothesised that with increasing forest patch isolation and/or decreasing patch size the diversity of birds decreases but only if certain thresholds of fragmentation metrics are reached. Specifically, we hypothesized that out of the three diversity components the taxonomic diversity is the most sensitive to forest fragmentation, which means that it starts declining at larger patch size and higher connectivity values than phylogenetic and functional diversity do. We compared the three biodiversity metrics of central European bird species in a large set of forest patches located in an agricultural landscape. General additive modeling and segmented regression were used in analyses. Habitat fragmentation differentially affected studied biodiversity metrics. Bird taxonomic diversity was the most responsive towards changes in fragmentation. We observed an increase in taxonomic diversity with increasing patch area, which then stabilized after reaching certain patch size. Functional diversity turned out to be the least responsive to the fragmentation metrics and forest stand characteristics. It decreased linearly with the decreasing isolation of forest patches. Apart from the habitat fragmentation, bird taxonomic diversity but not phylogenetic diversity was positively associated with forest stand age. The lower share of dominant tree species, the highest taxonomic diversity was. While preserving a whole spectrum of forests (in terms of age, fragmentation and size) is important from the biodiversity perspective, forest bird species might need large, intact, old-growth forests. Since the large and intact forest becomes scarcer, our study underscore their importance for the preservation of forest specialist species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Bełcik
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Lenda
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Tatsuya Amano
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Piotr Skórka
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
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20
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Oliveira HS, Gouveia SF, Ruiz-Esparza J, Ferrari SF. Fragment size and the disassembling of local bird communities in the Atlantic Forest: A taxonomic and functional approach. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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21
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Wang P, Li S, Yang X, Zhou J, Shu W, Jiang L. Mechanisms of soil bacterial and fungal community assembly differ among and within islands. Environ Microbiol 2019; 22:1559-1571. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pandeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 People's Republic of China
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Shao‐Peng Li
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
- Institute of Eco‐Chongming (IEC) Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Xian Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Institute for Environmental Genomics, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019 USA
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
| | - Wensheng Shu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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22
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Uchida K, Hiraiwa MK, Cadotte MW. Non‐random loss of phylogenetically distinct rare species degrades phylogenetic diversity in semi‐natural grasslands. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Uchida
- Graduate School of Environment and Information SciencesYokohama National University Yokohama Japan
- Graduate School of Human Development and EnvironmentKobe University Kobe Japan
| | | | - Marc W. Cadotte
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Toronto‐Scarborough Toronto ON Canada
- Department of ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
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23
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Ross SRPJ, Friedman NR, Janicki J, Economo EP. A test of trophic and functional island biogeography theory with the avifauna of a continental archipelago. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:1392-1405. [PMID: 31132149 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The classical MacArthur-Wilson theory of island biogeography (TIB) emphasizes the role of island area and isolation in determining island biotas, but is neutral with respect to species differences that could affect community assembly and persistence. Recent extensions of island biogeography theory address how functional differences among species may lead to non-random community assembly processes and different diversity-area scaling patterns. First, the trophic TIB considers how diversity scaling varies across trophic position in a community, with species at higher trophic levels being most strongly influenced by island area. Second, further extensions have predicted how trait distributions, and hence functional diversity, should scale with area. Trait-based theory predicts richness-corrected functional diversity should be low on small islands but converge to null on larger islands. Conversely, competitive assembly predicts high diversity on small islands converging to null with increasing size. However, despite mounting interest in diversity-area relationships across different dimensions of diversity, these predictions derived from theory have not been extensively tested across taxa and island systems. Here, we develop and test predictions of the trophic TIB and extensions to functional traits, by examining the diversity-area relationship across multiple trophic ranks and dimensions of avian biodiversity in the Ryūkyū archipelago of Japan. We find evidence for a positive species- and phylogenetic diversity-area relationship, but functional diversity was not strongly affected by island area. Counter to the trophic TIB, we found no differences in the slopes of species-area relationships among trophic ranks, although slopes varied among trophic guilds at the same rank. We revealed differential assembly of trophic ranks, with evidence of trait-based assembly of intermediate predators but otherwise neutral community assembly. Our results suggest that niche space differs among trophic guilds of birds, but that differences are mostly not predicted by current extensions of island biogeography theory. While predicted patterns do not fit the empirical data well in this case, the development of such theory provides a useful framework to analyse island patterns from new perspectives. The application of empirical datasets such as ours should help provide a basis for developing further iterations of island biogeography theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R P-J Ross
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.,Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Nicholas R Friedman
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Julia Janicki
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Evan P Economo
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
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Liu J, Coomes DA, Gibson L, Hu G, Liu J, Luo Y, Wu C, Yu M. Forest fragmentation in China and its effect on biodiversity. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1636-1657. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life SciencesZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3EA U.K
| | - David A. Coomes
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3EA U.K
| | - Luke Gibson
- School of Environmental Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Guang Hu
- School of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureZhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life SciencesZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Yangqing Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life SciencesZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Chuping Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life SciencesZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
- Zhejiang Academy of Forestry Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Mingjian Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life SciencesZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
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25
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Čandek K, Agnarsson I, Binford GJ, Kuntner M. Biogeography of the Caribbean Cyrtognatha spiders. Sci Rep 2019; 9:397. [PMID: 30674906 PMCID: PMC6344596 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36590-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Island systems provide excellent arenas to test evolutionary hypotheses pertaining to gene flow and diversification of dispersal-limited organisms. Here we focus on an orbweaver spider genus Cyrtognatha (Tetragnathidae) from the Caribbean, with the aims to reconstruct its evolutionary history, examine its biogeographic history in the archipelago, and to estimate the timing and route of Caribbean colonization. Specifically, we test if Cyrtognatha biogeographic history is consistent with an ancient vicariant scenario (the GAARlandia landbridge hypothesis) or overwater dispersal. We reconstructed a species level phylogeny based on one mitochondrial (COI) and one nuclear (28S) marker. We then used this topology to constrain a time-calibrated mtDNA phylogeny, for subsequent biogeographical analyses in BioGeoBEARS of over 100 originally sampled Cyrtognatha individuals, using models with and without a founder event parameter. Our results suggest a radiation of Caribbean Cyrtognatha, containing 11 to 14 species that are exclusively single island endemics. Although biogeographic reconstructions cannot refute a vicariant origin of the Caribbean clade, possibly an artifact of sparse outgroup availability, they indicate timing of colonization that is much too recent for GAARlandia to have played a role. Instead, an overwater colonization to the Caribbean in mid-Miocene better explains the data. From Hispaniola, Cyrtognatha subsequently dispersed to, and diversified on, the other islands of the Greater, and Lesser Antilles. Within the constraints of our island system and data, a model that omits the founder event parameter from biogeographic analysis is less suitable than the equivalent model with a founder event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klemen Čandek
- Evolutionary Zoology Laboratory, Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Evolutionary Zoology Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of the Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ingi Agnarsson
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Greta J Binford
- Department of Biology, Lewis and Clark College, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Matjaž Kuntner
- Evolutionary Zoology Laboratory, Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., USA
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Evolutionary Zoology Laboratory, Institute of Biology, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of the Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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26
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Si X, Cadotte MW, Zhao Y, Zhou H, Zeng D, Li J, Jin T, Ren P, Wang Y, Ding P, Tingley MW. The importance of accounting for imperfect detection when estimating functional and phylogenetic community structure. Ecology 2018; 99:2103-2112. [PMID: 29944742 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Incorporating imperfect detection when estimating species richness has become commonplace in the past decade. However, the question of how imperfect detection of species affects estimates of functional and phylogenetic community structure remains untested. We used long-term counts of breeding bird species that were detected at least once on islands in a land-bridge island system, and employed multi-species occupancy models to assess the effects of imperfect detection of species on estimates of bird diversity and community structure by incorporating species traits and phylogenies. Our results showed that taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity were all underestimated significantly as a result of species' imperfect detection, with taxonomic diversity showing the greatest bias. The functional and phylogenetic structure calculated from observed communities were both more clustered than those from the detection-corrected communities due to missed distinct species. The discrepancy between observed and estimated diversity differed according to the measure of biodiversity employed. Our study demonstrates the importance of accounting for species' imperfect detection in biodiversity studies, especially for functional and phylogenetic community ecology, and when attempting to infer community assembly processes. With datasets that allow for detection-corrected community structure, we can better estimate diversity and infer the underlying mechanisms that structure community assembly, and thus make reliable management decisions for the conservation of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfeng Si
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Yuhao Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Haonan Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Di Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Tinghao Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Peng Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Ping Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Morgan W Tingley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA
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27
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Different trends in phylogenetic and functional structure of plant communities along an elevation gradient. Ecol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-018-1638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Méndez V, Wood JR, Butler SJ. Resource diversity and provenance underpin spatial patterns in functional diversity across native and exotic species. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:4409-4421. [PMID: 29760883 PMCID: PMC5938469 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional diversity metrics are increasingly used to augment or replace taxonomic diversity metrics to deliver more mechanistic insights into community structure and function. Metrics used to describe landscape structure and characteristics share many of the same limitations as taxonomy‐based metrics, particularly their reliance on anthropogenically defined typologies with little consideration of structure, management, or function. However, the development of alternative metrics to describe landscape characteristics has been limited. Here, we extend the functional diversity framework to characterize landscapes based on the diversity of resources available across habitats present. We then examine the influence of resource diversity and provenance on the functional diversities of native and exotic avian communities in New Zealand. Invasive species are increasingly prevalent and considered a global threat to ecosystem function, but the characteristics of and interactions between sympatric native and exotic communities remain unresolved. Understanding their comparative responses to environmental change and the mechanisms underpinning them is of growing importance in predicting community dynamics and changing ecosystem function. We use (i) matrices of resource use (species) and resource availability (habitats) and (ii) occurrence data for 62 native and 25 exotic species and 19 native and 13 exotic habitats in 2015 10 × 10 km quadrats to examine the relationship between native and exotic avian and landscape functional diversity. The numbers of species in, and functional diversities of, native and exotic communities were positively related. Each community displayed evidence of environmental filtering, but it was significantly stronger for exotic species. Less environmental filtering occurred in landscapes providing a more diverse combination of resources, with resource provenance also an influential factor. Landscape functional diversity explained a greater proportion of variance in native and exotic community characteristics than the number of habitat types present. Resource diversity and provenance should be explicitly accounted for when characterizing landscape structure and change as they offer additional mechanistic understanding of the links between environmental filtering and community structure. Manipulating resource diversity through the design and implementation of management actions could prove a powerful tool for the delivery of conservation objectives, be they to protect native species, control exotic species, or maintain ecosystem service provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Méndez
- School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK
| | | | - Simon J Butler
- School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK
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29
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Liang C, Feng G, Si X, Mao L, Yang G, Svenning JC, Yang J. Bird species richness is associated with phylogenetic relatedness, plant species richness, and altitudinal range in Inner Mongolia. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:53-58. [PMID: 29321850 PMCID: PMC5756892 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bird species richness is mediated by local, regional, and historical factors, for example, competition, environmental heterogeneity, contemporary, and historical climate. Here, we related bird species richness with phylogenetic relatedness of bird assemblages, plant species richness, topography, contemporary climate, and glacial‐interglacial climate change to investigate the relative importance of these factors. This study was conducted in Inner Mongolia, an arid and semiarid region with diverse vegetation types and strong species richness gradients. The following associated variables were included as follows: phylogenetic relatedness of bird assemblages (Net Relatedness Index, NRI), plant species richness, altitudinal range, contemporary climate (mean annual temperature and precipitation, MAT and MAP), and contemporary‐Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) change in climate (change in MAT and change in MAP). Ordinary least squares linear, simultaneous autoregressive linear, and Random Forest models were used to assess the associations between these variables and bird species richness across this region. We found that bird species richness was correlated negatively with NRI and positively with plant species richness and altitudinal range, with no significant correlations with contemporary climate and glacial–interglacial climate change. The six best combinations of variables ranked by Random Forest models consistently included NRI, plant species richness, and contemporary‐LGM change in MAT. Our results suggest important roles of local ecological factors in shaping the distribution of bird species richness across this semiarid region. Our findings highlight the potential importance of these local ecological factors, for example, environmental heterogeneity, habitat filtering, and biotic interactions, in biodiversity maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Liang
- School of Ecology and Environment Inner Mongolia University Hohhot China
| | - Gang Feng
- School of Ecology and Environment Inner Mongolia University Hohhot China
| | - Xingfeng Si
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto-Scarborough Toronto ON Canada.,College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Lingfeng Mao
- Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Guisheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences Inner Mongolia University Hohhot China
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Ecology and Environment Inner Mongolia University Hohhot China
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