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Dauvin JC. Do offshore wind farms promote the expansion and proliferation of non-indigenous invertebrate species? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 206:116802. [PMID: 39096868 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Based on a search of publications in the scientific literature as well as international reports available online, I draw up a list of 25 documents which include cross-references to the terms offshore wind farms (OFW), and non-indigenous species (NIS). This review shows that no relationship has yet been clearly established between the implementation of OFWs and the colonization of NIS on turbine foundations and scour protections. Evidence for such an effect needs to be documented and confirmed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Dauvin
- Université de Caen Normandie, UNICAEN, UMR CNRS M2C 6143, 24 rue de Tilleuls, F-14000 Caen, France.
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2
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Franklin PA, Bašić T, Davison PI, Dunkley K, Ellis J, Gangal M, González-Ferreras AM, Gutmann Roberts C, Hunt G, Joyce D, Klöcker CA, Mawer R, Rittweg T, Stoilova V, Gutowsky LFG. Aquatic connectivity: challenges and solutions in a changing climate. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 105:392-411. [PMID: 38584261 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The challenge of managing aquatic connectivity in a changing climate is exacerbated in the presence of additional anthropogenic stressors, social factors, and economic drivers. Here we discuss these issues in the context of structural and functional connectivity for aquatic biodiversity, specifically fish, in both the freshwater and marine realms. We posit that adaptive management strategies that consider shifting baselines and the socio-ecological implications of climate change will be required to achieve management objectives. The role of renewable energy expansion, particularly hydropower, is critically examined for its impact on connectivity. We advocate for strategic spatial planning that incorporates nature-positive solutions, ensuring climate mitigation efforts are harmonized with biodiversity conservation. We underscore the urgency of integrating robust scientific modelling with stakeholder values to define clear, adaptive management objectives. Finally, we call for innovative monitoring and predictive decision-making tools to navigate the uncertainties inherent in a changing climate, with the goal of ensuring the resilience and sustainability of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Franklin
- National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Tea Bašić
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, UK
| | - Phil I Davison
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, UK
| | - Katie Dunkley
- Christ's College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Ellis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mayuresh Gangal
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- Nature Conservation Foundation, Mysore, India
| | - Alexia M González-Ferreras
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria. C/Isabel Torres 15, Santander, Spain
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | | | - Georgina Hunt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Domino Joyce
- Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - C Antonia Klöcker
- Institute of Marine Research, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rachel Mawer
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Timo Rittweg
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Integrative Fisheries Management, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden, Berlin, Germany
| | - Velizara Stoilova
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
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3
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Galaiduk R, McLean DL, Speed CW, Greer D, McIntosh R, Treml EA. Offshore oil and gas infrastructure plays a minor role in marine metapopulation dynamics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:172981. [PMID: 38705301 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Decommissioning consequences of offshore oil and gas infrastructure removal on marine population dynamics, including connectivity, are not well understood. We modelled the connectivity and metapopulation dynamics of three fish and two benthic invertebrate species inhabiting the natural rocky reefs and offshore oil and gas infrastructure located in the Bass Strait, south-east Australia. Using a network approach, we found that platforms are not major sources, destinations, or stepping-stones for most species, yet act as modest sources for connectivity of Corynactis australis (jewel anemone). In contrast, sections of subsea pipelines appear to act as stepping-stones, source and destination habitats of varying strengths for all study species, except for Centrostephanus rodgersii (long-spined sea urchin). Natural reefs were the main stepping-stones, local source, and destination habitats for all study species. These reefs were largely responsible for the overall metapopulation growth of all study species (average of 96 % contribution across all species), with infrastructure acting as a minor contributor (<2 % average contribution). Full or partial decommissioning of platforms should have a very low or negligible impact on the overall metapopulation dynamics of the species explored, except C. australis, while full removal of pipelines could have a low impact on the metapopulation dynamics of benthic invertebrate species and a moderate impact on fish species (up to 34.1 % reduction in the metapopulation growth). We recommend that the decision to remove offshore infrastructure, either in full or in-part, be made on a platform-by-platform basis and consider contributions of pipelines to connectivity and metapopulation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Galaiduk
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre (IOMRC), Perth, WA, Australia; Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Dianne L McLean
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre (IOMRC), Perth, WA, Australia; Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Conrad W Speed
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre (IOMRC), Perth, WA, Australia; Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | | | - Eric A Treml
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre (IOMRC), Perth, WA, Australia; Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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4
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Barry PJ, Silburn B, Bakir A, Russell J, Tidbury HJ. Seafloor macrolitter as a settling platform for non-native species: A case study from UK waters. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 204:116499. [PMID: 38796991 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Marine litter is increasingly recognised as a vector for the spread of non-native species (NNS). However, our understanding of its role in the propagation of NNS in UK waters remains limited. As part of the Clean Seas Environmental Monitoring Programme, we opportunistically analysed seafloor macrolitter items trawled from various locations around the coast of England and Wales and examined each for the presence of NNS. Of the 41 litter items analysed, we identified a total of 133 taxa, including two non-native and four cryptogenic species. This confirms that NNS are settling on seafloor macrolitter in UK waters and that these can be detected using morphological taxonomic analysis. Furthermore, we propose a methodology to classify litter based on size, rugosity and polymer/material type to explore whether there were detectable patterns governing community composition and litter characteristics. This exploratory investigation provides evidence to inform future risk assessments of NNS vectors and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Barry
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, United Kingdom.
| | - B Silburn
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, United Kingdom.
| | - A Bakir
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, United Kingdom.
| | - J Russell
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, United Kingdom.
| | - H J Tidbury
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, United Kingdom.
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5
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Vinagre PA, Fonseca G, Vieira M. Experimental insights on biofouling growth in marine renewable structures. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2024; 2:108. [PMID: 39157204 PMCID: PMC11329864 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.14854.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Background Marine biofouling is a threat to industries working in the marine environment, representing significant costs associated with equipment impairment and loss of performance. In the Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) and other maritime sectors which operate at sea for long periods, an important aspect of biofouling is related to the type and frequency of inspections and biofouling removal procedures. Methods This study investigated important parameters of macrofouling ( e.g. composition, including the presence of non-indigenous species, thickness, and weight) from communities growing on samples that emulate tubular components of marine renewable devices. The trials were performed during short periods of submersion (one to eight weeks) in the seasons when the colonisation process should be most intensive (spring, summer, and autumn). Furthermore, the frictional resistance forces generated during the scraping of biofouling from those components were investigated. Results Overall, results provide insights on the growth rates and removal requirements of biofouling in marine components. The results show that, while biofouling growth in early colonization stages might not present great detrimental effects to wave energy components, the consequent marine corrosion (fostered by biofouling) and the settlement of non-indigenous species (NIS) should be factors of concern. Conclusions Performing biofouling-related maintenance activities after the peak of maximum growth and reproduction (during the warmer seasons in temperate to cold environments) is suggested to reduce the number and frequency of activities. NIS can be detected at very early stages in the colonization process, highlighting the importance of biofouling monitoring and the implementation of biosecurity risk assessment plans early in the operational stage of MRE projects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gonçalo Fonseca
- Engineering and Operations, WavEC Offshore Renewables, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mário Vieira
- Engineering and Operations, WavEC Offshore Renewables, Lisbon, Portugal
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6
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Hemery LG, Garavelli L, Copping AE, Farr H, Jones K, Baker-Horne N, Kregting L, McGarry LP, Sparling C, Verling E. Animal displacement from marine energy development: Mechanisms and consequences. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170390. [PMID: 38286287 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
For marine wave and tidal energy to successfully contribute to global renewable energy goals and climate change mitigation, marine energy projects need to expand beyond small deployments to large-scale arrays. However, with large-scale projects come potential environmental effects not observed at the scales of single devices and small arrays. One of these effects is the risk of displacing marine animals from their preferred habitats or their migration routes, which may increase with the size of arrays and location. Many marine animals may be susceptible to some level of displacement once large marine energy arrays are increasingly integrated into the seascape, including large migratory animals, non-migratory pelagic animals with large home ranges, and benthic and demersal mobile organisms with more limited ranges, among many others. Yet, research around the mechanisms and effects of displacement have been hindered by the lack of clarity within the international marine energy community regarding the definition of displacement, how it occurs, its consequences, species of concern, and methods to investigate the outcomes. This review paper leveraged lessons learned from other industries, such as offshore development, to establish a definition of displacement in the marine energy context, explore which functional groups of marine animals may be affected and in what way, and identify pathways for investigating displacement through modeling and monitoring. In the marine energy context, we defined displacement as the outcome of one of three mechanisms (i.e., attraction, avoidance, and exclusion) triggered by an animal's response to one or more stressors acting as a disturbance, with various consequences at the individual through population levels. The knowledge gaps highlighted in this study will help the regulatory and scientific communities prepare for mitigating, observing, measuring, and characterizing displacement of various animals around marine energy arrays in order to prevent irreversible consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenaïg G Hemery
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Coastal Sciences Division, 1529 West Sequim Bay Road, Sequim, WA 98382, USA.
| | - Lysel Garavelli
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Coastal Sciences Division, 1100 Dexter Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Andrea E Copping
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Coastal Sciences Division, 1100 Dexter Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hayley Farr
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Coastal Sciences Division, 1100 Dexter Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kristin Jones
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Coastal Sciences Division, 1529 West Sequim Bay Road, Sequim, WA 98382, USA
| | - Nicholas Baker-Horne
- School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University Belfast, Queen's Marine Laboratory, 12-13 The Strand, Portaferry, Northern Ireland BT221PF, UK
| | - Louise Kregting
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, 293 Akersten Street, Nelson 7010, New Zealand
| | - Louise P McGarry
- Echoview Software Pty Ltd, GPO Box 1387, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Carol Sparling
- Scottish Oceans Institute, East Sands, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK
| | - Emma Verling
- MaREI, University College Cork, Ringaskiddy, Co. Cork P43 C573, Ireland
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7
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Chen G, Gu X, Mo Y, Cui B. Monospecific mangrove reforestation changes relationship between benthic mollusc diversity and biomass: Implication for coastal wetland management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120140. [PMID: 38290263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic causes are overtaking natural factors to reshape patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Mangrove reforestation aimed at reversing losses of mangroves has been conducted worldwide for several decades. However, how reforestation influences the link between ecological processes that shape community diversity and the consequent effects on ecosystem functions such as biomass production is less well known. Here we used data collected before and after mangrove planting to examine the effects of reforestation on molluscan species richness and biomass production by testing the changes in species richness, compositional similarities, distance-decay effects (community similarity decreases with increasing geographical distance) in metacommunity across a regional scale of 480 km (23-27 °N) in southeast Chinese coasts. Additionally, we further detected the impact of landscape configuration caused by different intensities of reforestation on the mollusc community. After the mangrove reforestation, mollusc species richness and biomass increased significantly. The increases in species richness and biomass of mollusc community were mediated by reducing distance-decay effect, indicating an increase in relationship strength between species richness and biomass might be associated with a decrease in distance-decay effect with rising mangrove habitat. We highlight the importance of considering the effects of anthropogenic changes on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Quantifying the distance-decay effect of these influences enables management decisions about coastal restoration to be based upon ecological mechanisms rather than wishful thinking or superficial appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guogui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Research and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xuan Gu
- Key Laboratory of the Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Xiamen University) Ministry of Education, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, CN-361102, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yuanyuan Mo
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo, 315830, China.
| | - Baoshan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Research and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.
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8
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Knights AM, Lemasson AJ, Firth LB, Bond T, Claisse J, Coolen JWP, Copping A, Dannheim J, De Dominicis M, Degraer S, Elliott M, Fernandes PG, Fowler AM, Frost M, Henry LA, Hicks N, Hyder K, Jagerroos S, Jones DOB, Love M, Lynam CP, Macreadie PI, Marlow J, Mavraki N, McLean D, Montagna PA, Paterson DM, Perrow M, Porter J, Russell DJF, Bull AS, Schratzberger M, Shipley B, van Elden S, Vanaverbeke J, Want A, Watson SCL, Wilding TA, Somerfield P. Developing expert scientific consensus on the environmental and societal effects of marine artificial structures prior to decommissioning. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 352:119897. [PMID: 38184869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Thousands of artificial ('human-made') structures are present in the marine environment, many at or approaching end-of-life and requiring urgent decisions regarding their decommissioning. No consensus has been reached on which decommissioning option(s) result in optimal environmental and societal outcomes, in part, owing to a paucity of evidence from real-world decommissioning case studies. To address this significant challenge, we asked a worldwide panel of scientists to provide their expert opinion. They were asked to identify and characterise the ecosystem effects of artificial structures in the sea, their causes and consequences, and to identify which, if any, should be retained following decommissioning. Experts considered that most of the pressures driving ecological and societal effects from marine artificial structures (MAS) were of medium severity, occur frequently, and are dependent on spatial scale with local-scale effects of greater magnitude than regional effects. The duration of many effects following decommissioning were considered to be relatively short, in the order of days. Overall, environmental effects of structures were considered marginally undesirable, while societal effects marginally desirable. Experts therefore indicated that any decision to leave MAS in place at end-of-life to be more beneficial to society than the natural environment. However, some individual environmental effects were considered desirable and worthy of retention, especially in certain geographic locations, where structures can support improved trophic linkages, increases in tourism, habitat provision, and population size, and provide stability in population dynamics. The expert analysis consensus that the effects of MAS are both negative and positive for the environment and society, gives no strong support for policy change whether removal or retention is favoured until further empirical evidence is available to justify change to the status quo. The combination of desirable and undesirable effects associated with MAS present a significant challenge for policy- and decision-makers in their justification to implement decommissioning options. Decisions may need to be decided on a case-by-case basis accounting for the trade-off in costs and benefits at a local level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony M Knights
- University of Plymouth, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Anaëlle J Lemasson
- University of Plymouth, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Louise B Firth
- University of Plymouth, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Todd Bond
- The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Jeremy Claisse
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, 91768, USA; Vantuna Research Group, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA, 90041, USA
| | - Joop W P Coolen
- Wageningen Marine Research, Ankerpark 27, 1781 AG, Den Helder, Netherlands
| | - Andrea Copping
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Seattle, USA
| | - Jennifer Dannheim
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Michela De Dominicis
- National Oceanography Centre, Joseph Proudman Building, 6 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L3 5DA, UK
| | - Steven Degraer
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directory Natural Environment, Marine Ecology and Management, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael Elliott
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK; International Estuarine & Coastal Specialists (IECS) Ltd., Leven, HU17 5LQ, UK
| | - Paul G Fernandes
- Heriot-Watt University, The Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, UK
| | - Ashley M Fowler
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
| | - Matt Frost
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, The Hoe Plymouth, Prospect Place, Devon, PL13DH, UK
| | - Lea-Anne Henry
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings Campus, James Hutton Road, EH9 3FE, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Natalie Hicks
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, UK
| | - Kieran Hyder
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Sylvia Jagerroos
- King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniel O B Jones
- National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Milton Love
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Christopher P Lynam
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - Peter I Macreadie
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Burwood, Australia
| | - Joseph Marlow
- Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Oban, UK
| | - Ninon Mavraki
- Wageningen Marine Research, Ankerpark 27, 1781 AG, Den Helder, Netherlands
| | - Dianne McLean
- The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Perth, Australia
| | - Paul A Montagna
- Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - David M Paterson
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 8LB, UK
| | - Martin Perrow
- Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Joanne Porter
- International Centre Island Technology, Heriot-Watt University, Orkney Campus, Stromness, Orkney, UK
| | | | | | | | - Brooke Shipley
- Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Coastal Fisheries - Artificial Reef Program, USA
| | - Sean van Elden
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Jan Vanaverbeke
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directory Natural Environment, Marine Ecology and Management, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrew Want
- Energy and Environment Institute, University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Stephen C L Watson
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, The Hoe Plymouth, Prospect Place, Devon, PL13DH, UK
| | | | - Paul Somerfield
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, The Hoe Plymouth, Prospect Place, Devon, PL13DH, UK
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9
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Knights AM, Lemasson AJ, Firth LB, Beaumont N, Birchenough S, Claisse J, Coolen JWP, Copping A, De Dominicis M, Degraer S, Elliott M, Fernandes PG, Fowler AM, Frost M, Henry LA, Hicks N, Hyder K, Jagerroos S, Love M, Lynam C, Macreadie PI, McLean D, Marlow J, Mavraki N, Montagna PA, Paterson DM, Perrow MR, Porter J, Bull AS, Schratzberger M, Shipley B, van Elden S, Vanaverbeke J, Want A, Watson SCL, Wilding TA, Somerfield PJ. To what extent can decommissioning options for marine artificial structures move us toward environmental targets? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 350:119644. [PMID: 38000275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Switching from fossil fuels to renewable energy is key to international energy transition efforts and the move toward net zero. For many nations, this requires decommissioning of hundreds of oil and gas infrastructure in the marine environment. Current international, regional and national legislation largely dictates that structures must be completely removed at end-of-life although, increasingly, alternative decommissioning options are being promoted and implemented. Yet, a paucity of real-world case studies describing the impacts of decommissioning on the environment make decision-making with respect to which option(s) might be optimal for meeting international and regional strategic environmental targets challenging. To address this gap, we draw together international expertise and judgment from marine environmental scientists on marine artificial structures as an alternative source of evidence that explores how different decommissioning options might ameliorate pressures that drive environmental status toward (or away) from environmental objectives. Synthesis reveals that for 37 United Nations and Oslo-Paris Commissions (OSPAR) global and regional environmental targets, experts consider repurposing or abandoning individual structures, or abandoning multiple structures across a region, as the options that would most strongly contribute toward targets. This collective view suggests complete removal may not be best for the environment or society. However, different decommissioning options act in different ways and make variable contributions toward environmental targets, such that policy makers and managers would likely need to prioritise some targets over others considering political, social, economic, and ecological contexts. Current policy may not result in optimal outcomes for the environment or society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony M Knights
- University of Plymouth, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Anaëlle J Lemasson
- University of Plymouth, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Louise B Firth
- University of Plymouth, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Nicola Beaumont
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Devon, PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Silvana Birchenough
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Jeremy Claisse
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, 91768, USA; Vantuna Research Group, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA, 90041, USA
| | - Joop W P Coolen
- Wageningen Marine Research, Ankerpark 27, 1781, AG, Den Helder, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Copping
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | | | - Steven Degraer
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directory Natural Environment, Marine Ecology and Management, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael Elliott
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK; International Estuarine & Coastal Specialists (IECS) Ltd., Leven, HU17 5LQ, UK
| | - Paul G Fernandes
- Heriot-Watt University, The Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, UK
| | - Ashley M Fowler
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
| | - Matthew Frost
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Devon, PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Lea-Anne Henry
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings Campus, James Hutton Road, EH9 3FE, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Natalie Hicks
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, UK
| | - Kieran Hyder
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Sylvia Jagerroos
- King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Milton Love
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Chris Lynam
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Peter I Macreadie
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Burwood, Australia
| | - Dianne McLean
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Perth, Australia; The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Joseph Marlow
- Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Oban, UK
| | - Ninon Mavraki
- Wageningen Marine Research, Ankerpark 27, 1781, AG, Den Helder, the Netherlands
| | - Paul A Montagna
- Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - David M Paterson
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 8LB, UK
| | - Martin R Perrow
- Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Joanne Porter
- International Centre Island Technology, Heriot-Watt University, Orkney Campus, Stromness, Orkney, UK
| | | | - Michaela Schratzberger
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Brooke Shipley
- Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Coastal Fisheries - Artificial Reef Program, USA
| | - Sean van Elden
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Jan Vanaverbeke
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directory Natural Environment, Marine Ecology and Management, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrew Want
- Energy and Environment Institute, University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
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10
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Hasselman DJ, Hemery LG, Copping AE, Fulton EA, Fox J, Gill AB, Polagye B. 'Scaling up' our understanding of environmental effects of marine renewable energy development from single devices to large-scale commercial arrays. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166801. [PMID: 37669708 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Global expansion of marine renewable energy (MRE) technologies is needed to help address the impacts of climate change, to ensure a sustainable transition from carbon-based energy sources, and to meet national energy security needs using locally-generated electricity. However, the MRE sector has yet to realize its full potential due to the limited scale of device deployments (i.e., single devices or small demonstration-scale arrays), and is hampered by various factors including uncertainty about environmental effects and how the magnitude of these effects scale with an increasing number of devices. This paper seeks to expand our understanding of the environmental effects of MRE arrays using existing frameworks and through the adaptation and application of cumulative environmental effects terminology to key stressor-receptor interactions. This approach facilitates the development of generalized concepts for the scaling of environmental effects for key stressor-receptor interactions, identifying high priority risks and revealing knowledge gaps that require investigation to aid expansion of the MRE sector. Results suggest that effects of collision risk for an array may be additive, antagonistic, or synergistic, but are likely dependent on array location and configuration. Effects of underwater noise are likely additive as additional devices are deployed in an array, while the effects of electromagnetic fields may be dominant, additive, or antagonistic. Changes to benthic habitats are likely additive, but may be dependent on array configuration and could be antagonistic or synergistic at the ecosystem scale. Effects of displacement, entanglement, and changes to oceanographic systems for arrays are less certain because little information is available about effects at the current scale of MRE development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lenaïg G Hemery
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Coastal Sciences Division, Sequim, WA, USA
| | - Andrea E Copping
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Coastal Sciences Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Fulton
- CSIRO Environment, Hobart, TAS, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | | | - Andrew B Gill
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, Suffolk, UK
| | - Brian Polagye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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11
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Firth LB, Farnworth M, Fraser KPP, McQuatters-Gollop A. Make a difference: Choose artificial reefs over natural reefs to compensate for the environmental impacts of dive tourism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165488. [PMID: 37524181 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
In the marine environment, natural reef habitats are amongst the most threatened by human activities. Although reef-based ecotourism can benefit local economies, dive tourism can damage sensitive habitats. One solution to managing conflicts between the economic value of diving and its ecological threats is the deployment of artificial reefs near popular dive sites. We surveyed recreational divers to assess divers' use, preference, and perceptions of diving artificial versus natural sites. We found that more divers prefer to dive in natural than artificial habitats, with associated biodiversity the most popular reason for preferring natural habitats, and appreciating shipwrecks the most popular reason for preferring artificial ones. Despite our sample population being highly educated and experienced, predominantly European divers, only 49 % of them perceived artificial reefs as important or somewhat important for diverting pressure from sensitive natural habitats. Similarly, only 13 % of respondents exhibited preference to avoid coral reefs to protect them. These results highlight the fact that more needs to be done to educate divers about the potential importance of artificial habitats in diverting divers from natural reefs. We suggest encouraging divers to switch out a proportion of their dives in vulnerable natural sites for artificial reefs. This is not only true for coral reefs, but should be applied to other natural reef habitats that are popular with divers such as kelp forests, sponge gardens and serpulid and coralligenous reefs. We hope that this study will provide a platform to stimulate a diver-led discussion and campaign for increased uptake of artificial reef use, resulting in reduced impacts on natural reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise B Firth
- School of Biolgogical and Marine Science, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, UK.
| | - Mark Farnworth
- Department of Animal Health, Behaviour and Welfare, Harper Adams University, Newport TF10 8NB, UK
| | - Keiron P P Fraser
- School of Biolgogical and Marine Science, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, UK
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12
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Reviewing Introduction Histories, Pathways, Invasiveness, and Impact of Non-Indigenous Species in Danish Marine Waters. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-indigenous species (NIS) are of concern for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem functioning. We present an updated list of NIS, including cryptogenic species, from Danish marine waters containing 123 species. Benthic invertebrates (36%) and phytoplankton (28%) dominate the list, but fish (15%) and macroalgae (13%) are also important. The Limfjord in Northern Jutland emerges as a hotspot for the introduction of NIS. Data from multiple sources were included, i.e., the National Monitoring Program (NOVANA), the National Fish Atlas project, the citizen science project Arter.dk, research articles, and annual national reports of the ICES working group ITMO. Forty-six NIS species were subject to expert judging using a modified Harmonia protocol; 19 were found to fulfil the four selected criteria identifying a species as being ‘invasive’. Additionally, 38 species, not yet recorded in Danish waters, were evaluated using the same method, and 31 were found to fulfil the ‘invasive’ criteria. For nine selected species, introduction history, distribution maps, and time-series diagrams are presented. Our data document that the national monitoring efforts should be expanded to record macrozooplankton, coastal fish, and mobile epibenthic species. Furthermore, the national data repository, Arter.dk, should be expanded to enable more detailed documentation of new NIS records.
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13
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Nall CR, Schläppy ML, Cottier-Cook EJ, Guerin AJ. Influence of coating type, colour, and deployment timing on biofouling by native and non-native species in a marine renewable energy context. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:729-745. [PMID: 36100232 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2121209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling on marine renewable energy devices presents engineering challenges for this developing sector, and has implications for the spread of marine non-native species (NNS) in coastal waters. This is particularly true at sites with abundant energy resource, little existing infrastructure, and few established NNS. Device coatings, such as antifouling paints, could reduce the risk of NNS spread. Settlement on coatings of various types and colours, representing those likely to be used on renewable energy devices, was assessed in the Orkney Islands, northern Scotland. Assemblage composition, but not overall biofouling cover, varied initially among different coloured surfaces, although differences decreased over time. Different coating types (an anticorrosive paint, a biocidal paint and a fouling-release coating) differed in biofouling abundance and composition for the full duration of the experiment. NNS were mostly, but not completely, absent from antifouling surfaces. These results can help informing antifouling strategies for the marine renewable energy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Nall
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Highlands and Islands, Thurso, UK
| | - Marie-Lise Schläppy
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Highlands and Islands, Thurso, UK
| | - Elizabeth J Cottier-Cook
- Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Argyll, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Guerin
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Highlands and Islands, Thurso, UK
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14
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McLean DL, Ferreira LC, Benthuysen JA, Miller KJ, Schläppy M, Ajemian MJ, Berry O, Birchenough SNR, Bond T, Boschetti F, Bull AS, Claisse JT, Condie SA, Consoli P, Coolen JWP, Elliott M, Fortune IS, Fowler AM, Gillanders BM, Harrison HB, Hart KM, Henry L, Hewitt CL, Hicks N, Hock K, Hyder K, Love M, Macreadie PI, Miller RJ, Montevecchi WA, Nishimoto MM, Page HM, Paterson DM, Pattiaratchi CB, Pecl GT, Porter JS, Reeves DB, Riginos C, Rouse S, Russell DJF, Sherman CDH, Teilmann J, Todd VLG, Treml EA, Williamson DH, Thums M. Influence of offshore oil and gas structures on seascape ecological connectivity. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:3515-3536. [PMID: 35293658 PMCID: PMC9311298 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Offshore platforms, subsea pipelines, wells and related fixed structures supporting the oil and gas (O&G) industry are prevalent in oceans across the globe, with many approaching the end of their operational life and requiring decommissioning. Although structures can possess high ecological diversity and productivity, information on how they interact with broader ecological processes remains unclear. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the role of O&G infrastructure in maintaining, altering or enhancing ecological connectivity with natural marine habitats. There is a paucity of studies on the subject with only 33 papers specifically targeting connectivity and O&G structures, although other studies provide important related information. Evidence for O&G structures facilitating vertical and horizontal seascape connectivity exists for larvae and mobile adult invertebrates, fish and megafauna; including threatened and commercially important species. The degree to which these structures represent a beneficial or detrimental net impact remains unclear, is complex and ultimately needs more research to determine the extent to which natural connectivity networks are conserved, enhanced or disrupted. We discuss the potential impacts of different decommissioning approaches on seascape connectivity and identify, through expert elicitation, critical knowledge gaps that, if addressed, may further inform decision making for the life cycle of O&G infrastructure, with relevance for other industries (e.g. renewables). The most highly ranked critical knowledge gap was a need to understand how O&G structures modify and influence the movement patterns of mobile species and dispersal stages of sessile marine species. Understanding how different decommissioning options affect species survival and movement was also highly ranked, as was understanding the extent to which O&G structures contribute to extending species distributions by providing rest stops, foraging habitat, and stepping stones. These questions could be addressed with further dedicated studies of animal movement in relation to structures using telemetry, molecular techniques and movement models. Our review and these priority questions provide a roadmap for advancing research needed to support evidence-based decision making for decommissioning O&G infrastructure.
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15
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Taormina B, Claquin P, Vivier B, Navon M, Pezy JP, Raoux A, Dauvin JC. A review of methods and indicators used to evaluate the ecological modifications generated by artificial structures on marine ecosystems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 310:114646. [PMID: 35248990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The current development of human activities at sea (e.g. land reclamation, maritime activity and marine renewable energy) is leading to a significant increase in the number of infrastructures installed in marine settings. These artificial structures provide new hard-bottom habitats for many marine organisms and can thus modify the structure and functioning of coastal ecosystems. In order to better evaluate the nature of these modifications as well as the potential benefits and/or impacts generated, it becomes essential to develop assessment methods that can be applied to a wide variety of study sites from harbours to coastal offshore environments. In this context, our study aims to review the different methods and indicators available which are used to measure the modifications of biodiversity and ecological functioning generated by such structures. Among the methods reviewed, we highlight some that were developed specifically for artificial structures, and others intended for various primary uses but which have been successfully transposed to artificial structures. Nevertheless, we also point out the lack of reliable methods concerning some biological ecosystem components impacted by artificial structures. In this context, we require the adaptation or creation of brand-new indicators to achieve a better characterisation of the ecological impacts generated by these structures. Overall, this study highlights a very high number of existing methods, which provide stakeholders with useful tools to study the impacts of artificial structures, and identifies the need to develop integrative indicators to enhance the deployment of new artificial structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Taormina
- Normandie Université, Université de Caen Normandie, F-14032, Caen, France; Laboratoire Biologie des ORganismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA, UMR CNRS 8067), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, IRD 207, Université des Antilles, Centre de Recherches en Environnement Côtier (CREC), Station Marine, BP49, 54, rue du Docteur Charcot, 14530, Luc-sur-Mer, France; Normandie Université, Laboratoire Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière, UMR CNRS 6143 M2C, Université de Caen Normandie, UNIROUEN, 24 rue des Tilleuls, F-14000, Caen, France.
| | - Pascal Claquin
- Normandie Université, Université de Caen Normandie, F-14032, Caen, France; Laboratoire Biologie des ORganismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA, UMR CNRS 8067), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, IRD 207, Université des Antilles, Centre de Recherches en Environnement Côtier (CREC), Station Marine, BP49, 54, rue du Docteur Charcot, 14530, Luc-sur-Mer, France
| | - Baptiste Vivier
- Normandie Université, Université de Caen Normandie, F-14032, Caen, France; Laboratoire Biologie des ORganismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA, UMR CNRS 8067), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, IRD 207, Université des Antilles, Centre de Recherches en Environnement Côtier (CREC), Station Marine, BP49, 54, rue du Docteur Charcot, 14530, Luc-sur-Mer, France
| | - Maxine Navon
- Normandie Université, Université de Caen Normandie, F-14032, Caen, France; Laboratoire Biologie des ORganismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA, UMR CNRS 8067), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, IRD 207, Université des Antilles, Centre de Recherches en Environnement Côtier (CREC), Station Marine, BP49, 54, rue du Docteur Charcot, 14530, Luc-sur-Mer, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pezy
- Normandie Université, Laboratoire Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière, UMR CNRS 6143 M2C, Université de Caen Normandie, UNIROUEN, 24 rue des Tilleuls, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Aurore Raoux
- Normandie Université, Laboratoire Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière, UMR CNRS 6143 M2C, Université de Caen Normandie, UNIROUEN, 24 rue des Tilleuls, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Jean-Claude Dauvin
- Normandie Université, Université de Caen Normandie, F-14032, Caen, France; Normandie Université, Laboratoire Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière, UMR CNRS 6143 M2C, Université de Caen Normandie, UNIROUEN, 24 rue des Tilleuls, F-14000, Caen, France
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16
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Establishing an Agenda for Biofouling Research for the Development of the Marine Renewable Energy Industry in Indonesia. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Marine renewable energy holds strategic potential in Indonesia, not only to meet the target of renewable energy share in the national energy mix but also to provide equal access to clean energy throughout the archipelago. Marine energy in Indonesia is still in the early phase of development, which mainly focusses on resources assessment and power generation through technology prototype testing. Based on a review of available literature, it is found that specific research on the effects of biofouling on material durability of marine energy infrastructure in Indonesia has yet to be addressed. In this study, a matrix that identifies and predicts key fouling organisms and their possible risks on marine renewable energy infrastructure in tropical waters of Indonesia is developed by analysing previous findings in temperate and subtropical waters. Based on the matrix developed, calcareous polychaetes (Serpulidae), barnacles (Amphibalanus spp.), and bivalves (Perna viridis) are among possible key fouling organisms that might pose risks to marine energy infrastructure in Indonesia, such as by adding weight and drag and causing corrosion. Further studies and detailed and statistically robust analysis of the biofouling and its impacts are needed to support the development of the technological performance of marine renewable energy in Indonesia.
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17
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A Review of Modeling Approaches for Understanding and Monitoring the Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the environmental effects of marine energy (ME) devices is fundamental for their sustainable development and efficient regulation. However, measuring effects is difficult given the limited number of operational devices currently deployed. Numerical modeling is a powerful tool for estimating environmental effects and quantifying risks. It is most effective when informed by empirical data and coordinated with the development and implementation of monitoring protocols. We reviewed modeling techniques and information needs for six environmental stressor–receptor interactions related to ME: changes in oceanographic systems, underwater noise, electromagnetic fields (EMFs), changes in habitat, collision risk, and displacement of marine animals. This review considers the effects of tidal, wave, and ocean current energy converters. We summarized the availability and maturity of models for each stressor–receptor interaction and provide examples involving ME devices when available and analogous examples otherwise. Models for oceanographic systems and underwater noise were widely available and sometimes applied to ME, but need validation in real-world settings. Many methods are available for modeling habitat change and displacement of marine animals, but few examples related to ME exist. Models of collision risk and species response to EMFs are still in stages of theory development and need more observational data, particularly about species behavior near devices, to be effective. We conclude by synthesizing model status, commonalities between models, and overlapping monitoring needs that can be exploited to develop a coordinated and efficient set of protocols for predicting and monitoring the environmental effects of ME.
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18
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Hu L, Dong Y. Northward shift of a biogeographical barrier on China’s coast. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐sha Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture of Ministry of Education Fisheries College Ocean University of China Qingdao China
| | - Yun‐wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture of Ministry of Education Fisheries College Ocean University of China Qingdao China
- Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao China
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19
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Figueroa NN, Brante A, Viard F, Leclerc JC. Greater functional similarity in mobile compared to sessile assemblages colonizing artificial coastal habitats. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112844. [PMID: 34399279 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Among anthropogenic habitats built in the marine environment, floating and non-floating structures can be colonized by distinct assemblages. However, there is little knowledge whether these differences are also reflected in the functional structure. This study compared the functional diversity of sessile and mobile invertebrate assemblages that settle over three months on floating vs. non-floating artificial habitats, in two Chilean ports. Using morphological, trophic, behavioral, and life history traits, we found differences between mobile and sessile assemblages regarding the effect of the type of habitat on the functional diversity. Compared to sessile assemblages, a greater functional similarity was observed for mobile assemblages, which suggests that their dispersal capacity enables them to balance the reduced connectivity between settlement structures. No traits, prevailing or selected in one or the other habitat type, was however clearly identified; a result warranting for further studies focusing on more advanced stages of community development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naily Nashira Figueroa
- Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Concepción, Chile
| | - Antonio Brante
- Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Concepción, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Frédérique Viard
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Charles Leclerc
- Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Concepción, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7144 AD2M, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France.
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20
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Li Y, Li M, Xing T, Liu J. Resolving the origins of invertebrate colonists in the Yangtze River Estuary with molecular markers: Implications for ecological connectivity. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:13898-13911. [PMID: 34707826 PMCID: PMC8525129 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding connectivity over different spatial and temporal scales is fundamental for managing of ecological systems. However, controversy exists for wintertime ecological connectivity between the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) and inner southwestern Yellow Sea. Here, we investigated ecological connectivity between the YRE and inner southwestern Yellow Sea in wintertime by precisely pinpointing the source of the newly colonized populations of a winter-spawning rocky intertidal invertebrate, Littorina brevicula (Philippi, 1844), on artificial structures along the coast of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) using mitochondrial ND6 sequences and microsatellite data. Clear phylogeographic and genetic differentiation were detected between natural rocky populations south and north of the YRE, which resulted from the lack of hard substrate for rocky invertebrates in the large YRD coast. For the newly colonized populations on the coast of YRD, most individuals (98%) to the south of ~33.5°N were from natural rocky populations to the south of the YRE and most of those (94%) to the north of ~33.5°N were from the northern natural rocky populations, which demonstrated strong ecological connectivity between the inner southwestern Yellow Sea and the YRE in winter time. We presented the first genetic evidence that demonstrated a northward wintertime coastal current in the inner southwestern Yellow Sea, and precisely illustrated the boundary of the coastal current recently proposed by numerical experiment. These results indicated that the YRE serves as an important source of materials and energy for the inner southwestern Yellow Sea in winter, which can be crucial for the function of the Yellow Sea ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Qiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental SciencesInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Meng‐Yu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental SciencesInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Teng‐Fei Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental SciencesInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jin‐Xian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental SciencesInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental ScienceQingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
- Center for Ocean Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
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21
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Wood LE, Silva TAM, Heal R, Kennerley A, Stebbing P, Fernand L, Tidbury HJ. Unaided dispersal risk of Magallana gigas into and around the UK: combining particle tracking modelling and environmental suitability scoring. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMarine non-indigenous species are a significant threat to marine ecosystems with prevention of introduction and early detection considered to be the only effective management strategy. Knowledge of the unaided pathway has received relatively little attention, despite being integral to the implementation of robust monitoring and surveillance. Here, particle tracking modelling is combined with spatial analysis of environmental suitability, to highlight UK coastal areas at risk of introduction and spread of Magallana gigas by the unaided pathway. ‘Introduction into UK’ scenarios were based on spawning from the continental coast, Republic of Ireland, Channel Islands and Isle of Man and ‘spread within UK’ scenarios were based on spawning from known UK wild populations and aquaculture sites. Artificial structures were included as spawning sites in an introduction scenario. The UK coast was scored, based on parameters influencing larval settlement, to reflect environmental suitability. Risk maps were produced to highlight areas of the UK coast at elevated risk of introduction and spread of M. gigas by the unaided pathway. This study highlights that introduction of M. gigas into UK waters via the unaided pathway is possible, with offshore structures increasing the potential geographical extent of introduction. Further, there is potential for substantial secondary spread from aquaculture sites and wild populations in the UK. The results of the study are considered in the context of national M. gigas management, whilst the approach is contextualised more broadly as a tool to further understanding of a little-known, yet significant pathway.
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Cacabelos E, Neto AI, Martins GM. Gastropods with different development modes respond differently to habitat fragmentation. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 167:105287. [PMID: 33657495 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The role of the human-made structures in coastal ecosystems can determine the spatial distribution or patterns of spatial abundances of marine organisms. To contribute to the understanding of linkages between different components of habitats (i.e. natural and artificial structures), we explored the role of type of larval development (planktotrophic vs. non-planktotrophic) on patterns of spatial variation of gastropods on rocky shores, elucidating the possible responsibility of habitat fragmentation on their distribution. Obtained results suggest that habitat fragmentation affects differently the patterns of variability of species with different types of larval development. Namely, fragmentation caused by artificial structures mostly influence variability of species with non-planktotrophic development. Moreover, although abundance of the species with non-planktotrophic development varied at small spatial scales, suggesting that processes operating at this scale are likely the main drivers of their distribution, changes in species variability were not associated with differences in species abundance among habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cacabelos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação (ARDITI), Edifício Madeira Tecnopolo, Piso 0, Caminho da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal; cE3c/GBA-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.
| | - A I Neto
- cE3c/GBA-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
| | - G M Martins
- cE3c/GBA-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
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23
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Hooper T, Austen M, Lannin A. Developing policy and practice for marine net gain. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 277:111387. [PMID: 33011423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Policies that require development projects to ensure no net loss (NNL) of biodiversity are becoming common globally. Momentum is increasing to extend this concept to one of net gain, including for the marine environment. While such policies are being formulated it is important to learn the lessons from NNL approaches and consider the wider opportunities presented by a net gain strategy. The vehicle for NNL is typically the mitigation hierarchy, which is applied through planning consents and licensing to projects expected to have significant environmental impact. However, it becomes clear that significant marine net gain is unlikely to be achieved by following this approach. Attempting site-based like-for-like compensation, restoration and enhancement is likely to result in only a minimal contribution towards aspirations for environmental recovery and addressing the climate and biodiversity crises. Moving forward with an effective net gain strategy will be a complex process, with challenges that range from a lack of data to the limitations presented by existing governance frameworks. In particular, the inadequate treatment of cumulative effects within the Environmental Impact Assessment process, and how regional marine planning can be better used to translate strategic objectives to the site level, need to be addressed. Taking the broader perspective of environmental (as opposed to biodiversity-only) net gain, and linking this to the natural capital approach offers advantages, and it is also essential that marine net gain considers species as well as habitats. Widespread marine net gain cannot occur independently of fisheries management, and extensive public engagement and stakeholder co-production is required to develop the necessary collaborative solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Hooper
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Melanie Austen
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Aisling Lannin
- Marine Management Organisation, Lancaster House, Hampshire Court, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE4 7YH, UK
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24
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Potential Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development—The State of the Science. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8110879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Marine renewable energy (MRE) harnesses energy from the ocean and provides a low-carbon sustainable energy source for national grids and remote uses. The international MRE industry is in the early stages of development, focused largely on tidal and riverine turbines, and wave energy converters (WECs), to harness energy from tides, rivers, and waves, respectively. Although MRE supports climate change mitigation, there are concerns that MRE devices and systems could affect portions of the marine and river environments. The greatest concern for tidal and river turbines is the potential for animals to be injured or killed by collision with rotating blades. Other risks associated with MRE device operation include the potential for turbines and WECs to cause disruption from underwater noise emissions, generation of electromagnetic fields, changes in benthic and pelagic habitats, changes in oceanographic processes, and entanglement of large marine animals. The accumulated knowledge of interactions of MRE devices with animals and habitats to date is summarized here, along with a discussion of preferred management methods for encouraging MRE development in an environmentally responsible manner. As there are few devices in the water, understanding is gained largely from examining one to three MRE devices. This information indicates that there will be no significant effects on marine animals and habitats due to underwater noise from MRE devices or emissions of electromagnetic fields from cables, nor changes in benthic and pelagic habitats, or oceanographic systems. Ongoing research to understand potential collision risk of animals with turbine blades still shows significant uncertainty. There has been no significant field research undertaken on entanglement of large animals with mooring lines and cables associated with MRE devices.
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Bender A, Langhamer O, Sundberg J. Colonisation of wave power foundations by mobile mega- and macrofauna - a 12 year study. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 161:105053. [PMID: 32871461 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental impacts from wave energy generators on the local mobile mega- and macrofauna community have been investigated in the Lysekil project by Uppsala University. Offshore renewable energy installations provide hard, artificial substrates, and as such, they could act as artificial reefs. Foundations with manufactured holes served as complex habitats and foundations without served as non-complex. In this long-term study, SCUBA surveys of mobile fauna in the years 2007, 2008 and 2016-2019 were analyzed. The results show a distinct reef effect on the foundations with significant greater species richness, total number of individuals, greater values of the Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index, and greater abundance of specific reef fauna. Complex foundations accommodated a greater abundance of brown crabs than non-complex foundations, other taxa did not show differences between the two foundation types. A successional increase of species richness, numbers of individuals and Shannon-Wiener biodiversity could be revealed from the first to the second survey period. Inter-annual variation was visible throughout all taxa and years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Bender
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Division of Electricity, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Olivia Langhamer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Division of Electricity, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Sundberg
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Division of Electricity, Uppsala University, Box 534, 75121, Uppsala, Sweden
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Santín A, Grinyó J, Bilan M, Ambroso S, Puig P. First report of the carnivorous sponge Lycopodina hypogea (Cladorhizidae) associated with marine debris, and its possible implications on deep-sea connectivity. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 159:111501. [PMID: 32750596 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, there are an increasing number of reports of deep-sea accumulation of marine debris, often associated with a wide array of pernicious effects on benthic fauna. Nevertheless, there is still a huge knowledge gap regarding the interaction of benthic organisms and marine debris. In this paper, we report for the first time the colonization of plastic debris by the protected sponges Lycopodina hypogea. The sponges were discovered growing on plastic debris tangled with nylon ropes on the Blanes canyon (northwestern Mediterranean Sea). Over 30 individuals of L. hypogea were identified attached on ca. 10 cm2 plastic debris, an unusual feature for a species mostly known for low-density populations and a patchy distribution. The implications of this discovery are discussed, and it is suggested that marine debris might provide substrate for benthic species on otherwise unsuitable habitats, with its possible role as stepping-stones for deep-sea benthic connectivity needing further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Santín
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain..
| | - J Grinyó
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Bilan
- Dipartamento di scienze e tecnologie biologiche e ambientali (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Campus Ecotekne, S.P.6. Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - S Ambroso
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Puig
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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Microbial diversity of the glass sponge Vazella pourtalesii in response to anthropogenic activities. CONSERV GENET 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-020-01305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractEstablishment of adequate conservation areas represents a challenging but crucial task in the conservation of genetic diversity and biological variability. Anthropogenic pressures on marine ecosystems and organisms are steadily increasing. Whether and to what extent these pressures influence marine genetic biodiversity is only starting to be revealed. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we analysed the microbial community structure of 33 individuals of the habitat-forming glass sponge Vazella pourtalesii, as well as reference seawater, sediment, and biofilm samples. We assessed how two anthropogenic impacts, i.e. habitat destruction by trawling and artificial substrate provision (moorings made of composite plastic), correspond with in situ V. pourtalesii microbiome variability. In addition, we evaluated the role of two bottom fishery closures in preserving sponge-associated microbial diversity on the Scotian Shelf, Canada. Our results illustrate that V. pourtalesii sponges collected from protected sites within fishery closures contained distinct and taxonomically largely novel microbial communities. At the trawled site we recorded significant quantitative differences in distinct microbial phyla, such as a reduction in Nitrospinae in the four sponges from this site and the environmental references. Individuals of V. pourtalesii growing on the mooring were significantly enriched in Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia and Cyanobacteria in comparison to sponge individuals growing on the natural seabed. Due to a concomitant enrichment of these taxa in the mooring biofilm, we propose that biofilms on artificial substrates may ‘prime’ sponge-associated microbial communities when small sponges settle on such substrates. These observations likely have relevant management implications when considering the increase of artificial substrates in the marine environment, e.g., marine litter, off-shore wind parks, and petroleum platforms.
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Using Artificial-Reef Knowledge to Enhance the Ecological Function of Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations: Implications for Fish Abundance and Diversity. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8050332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As the development of large-scale offshore wind farms (OWFs) amplifies due to technological progress and a growing demand for renewable energy, associated footprints on the seabed are becoming increasingly common within soft-bottom environments. A large part of the footprint is the scour protection, often consisting of rocks that are positioned on the seabed to prevent erosion. As such, scour protection may resemble a marine rocky reef and could have important ecosystem functions. While acknowledging that OWFs disrupt the marine environment, the aim of this systematic review was to examine the effects of scour protection on fish assemblages, relate them to the effects of designated artificial reefs (ARs) and, ultimately, reveal how future scour protection may be tailored to support abundance and diversity of marine species. The results revealed frequent increases in abundances of species associated with hard substrata after the establishment of artificial structures (i.e., both OWFs and ARs) in the marine environment. Literature indicated that scour protection meets the requirements to function as an AR, often providing shelter, nursery, reproduction, and/or feeding opportunities. Using knowledge from AR models, this review suggests methodology for ecological improvements of future scour protections, aiming towards a more successful integration into the marine environment.
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29
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Coolen JWP, Boon AR, Crooijmans R, van Pelt H, Kleissen F, Gerla D, Beermann J, Birchenough SNR, Becking LE, Luttikhuizen PC. Marine stepping-stones: Connectivity of Mytilus edulis populations between offshore energy installations. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:686-703. [PMID: 31989703 PMCID: PMC7065051 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent papers have suggested that epifaunal organisms use artificial structures as stepping-stones to spread to areas that are too distant to reach in a single generation. With thousands of artificial structures present in the North Sea, we test the hypothesis that these structures are connected by water currents and act as an interconnected reef. Population genetic structure of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, was expected to follow a pattern predicted by a particle tracking model (PTM). Correlation between population genetic differentiation, based on microsatellite markers, and particle exchange was tested. Specimens of M. edulis were found at each location, although the PTM indicated that locations >85 km offshore were isolated from coastal subpopulations. The fixation coefficient FST correlated with the number of arrivals in the PTM. However, the number of effective migrants per generation as inferred from coalescent simulations did not show a strong correlation with the arriving particles. Isolation by distance analysis showed no increase in isolation with increasing distance and we did not find clear structure among the populations. The marine stepping-stone effect is obviously important for the distribution of M. edulis in the North Sea and it may influence ecologically comparable species in a similar way. In the absence of artificial shallow hard substrates, M. edulis would be unlikely to survive in offshore North Sea waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joop W. P. Coolen
- Wageningen Marine ResearchDen HelderThe Netherlands
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Arjen R. Boon
- Deltares, Marine and Coastal SystemsDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Richard Crooijmans
- Animal Breeding and Genomics CentreWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Frank Kleissen
- Deltares, Marine and Coastal SystemsDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Daan Gerla
- Wageningen Marine ResearchDen HelderThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Beermann
- Department of Functional EcologyAlfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhavenGermany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine BiodiversityOldenburgGermany
| | | | - Leontine E. Becking
- Wageningen Marine ResearchDen HelderThe Netherlands
- Marine Animal Ecology GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Pieternella C. Luttikhuizen
- Department of Coastal SystemsNIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea ResearchUtrecht UniversityDen BurgThe Netherlands
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Tidbury H, Taylor N, Molen J, Garcia L, Posen P, Gill A, Lincoln S, Judd A, Hyder K. Social network analysis as a tool for marine spatial planning: Impacts of decommissioning on connectivity in the North Sea. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Tidbury
- Weymouth Laboratory Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) Weymouth UK
| | - Nick Taylor
- Weymouth Laboratory Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) Weymouth UK
| | - Johan Molen
- Department of Coastal Systems NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University Den Burg The Netherlands
| | - Luz Garcia
- Lowestoft Laboratory Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) Lowestoft UK
| | - Paulette Posen
- Weymouth Laboratory Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) Weymouth UK
| | - Andrew Gill
- Lowestoft Laboratory Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) Lowestoft UK
| | - Susana Lincoln
- Lowestoft Laboratory Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) Lowestoft UK
| | - Adrian Judd
- Lowestoft Laboratory Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) Lowestoft UK
| | - Kieran Hyder
- Lowestoft Laboratory Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (CEFAS) Lowestoft UK
- School of Environmental Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich Research Park Norwich UK
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31
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Paxton AB, Peterson CH, Taylor JC, Adler AM, Pickering EA, Silliman BR. Artificial reefs facilitate tropical fish at their range edge. Commun Biol 2019; 2:168. [PMID: 31069277 PMCID: PMC6502939 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial planning increasingly incorporates theoretical predictions that artificial habitats assist species movement at or beyond range edges, yet evidence for this is uncommon. We conducted surveys of highly mobile fauna (fishes) on artificial habitats (reefs) on the southeastern USA continental shelf to test whether, in comparison to natural reefs, artificial reefs enhance local abundance and biomass of fishes at their poleward range margins. Here, we show that while temperate fishes were more abundant on natural reefs, tropical, and subtropical fishes exhibited higher abundances and biomasses on deep (25-35 m) artificial reefs. Further analyses reveal that this effect depended on feeding guilds because planktivorous and piscivorous but not herbivorous fishes were more abundant on artificial reefs. This is potentially due to heightened prey availability on and structural complexity of artificial reefs. Our findings demonstrate that artificial habitats can facilitate highly mobile species at range edges and suggest these habitats assist poleward species movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery B. Paxton
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- Present Address: Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Marine Lab, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA
| | - Charles H. Peterson
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - J. Christopher Taylor
- National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA
| | - Alyssa M. Adler
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA
| | - Emily A. Pickering
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA
| | - Brian R. Silliman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Marine Lab, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA
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32
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Shabtay A, Portman ME, Manea E, Gissi E. Promoting ancillary conservation through marine spatial planning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:1753-1763. [PMID: 30316093 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The term Other Effective Conservation Measures (OECMs) refers to areas which are not protected areas and yet significantly contribute to conservation; they were recently defined by the Convention on Biological Diversity. Efforts to address the designation of OECMs include further definition of the term and the development of typologies of OECMs and of screening tools which can be applied to identify potential OECMs. While the designation process of OECMs is still unclear, especially in the marine environment, we suggest a decision process which can be used by planners to identify and designate specific types of OECMs as part of the marine spatial planning (MSP) process. These OECMs are areas where marine communities benefit from access restrictions established due to safety or security concerns. We applied the suggested process on two case studies of the Italian Northern Adriatic and the Israeli Mediterranean seas. When consideration of OECMs comes at the expense of designating marine protected areas, OECMs can become controversial. However, OECM designation can promote achievement of marine conservation goals and of ecosystem-based management of uses. Therefore, we suggest that while spatial targets for conservation should focus mainly on areas dedicated for marine reserves, OECMs, especially of the type for ancillary conservation discussed in this paper, can be achieved through MSP. Using MSP for the designation of recognized OECMs may significantly promote marine conservation goals in unexpected ways and may ¬help realize ecosystem-based management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ateret Shabtay
- Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
| | | | - Elisabetta Manea
- Department of Design and Planning in Complex Environments, Università IUAV di Venezia, Italy.
| | - Elena Gissi
- Department of Design and Planning in Complex Environments, Università IUAV di Venezia, Italy.
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Ocean sprawl facilitates dispersal and connectivity of protected species. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11346. [PMID: 30115932 PMCID: PMC6095900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29575-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly connected networks generally improve resilience in complex systems. We present a novel application of this paradigm and investigated the potential for anthropogenic structures in the ocean to enhance connectivity of a protected species threatened by human pressures and climate change. Biophysical dispersal models of a protected coral species simulated potential connectivity between oil and gas installations across the North Sea but also metapopulation outcomes for naturally occurring corals downstream. Network analyses illustrated how just a single generation of virtual larvae released from these installations could create a highly connected anthropogenic system, with larvae becoming competent to settle over a range of natural deep-sea, shelf and fjord coral ecosystems including a marine protected area. These results provide the first study showing that a system of anthropogenic structures can have international conservation significance by creating ecologically connected networks and by acting as stepping stones for cross-border interconnection to natural populations.
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34
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Ojaveer H, Galil BS, Carlton JT, Alleway H, Goulletquer P, Lehtiniemi M, Marchini A, Miller W, Occhipinti-Ambrogi A, Peharda M, Ruiz GM, Williams SL, Zaiko A. Historical baselines in marine bioinvasions: Implications for policy and management. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202383. [PMID: 30114232 PMCID: PMC6095587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The human-mediated introduction of marine non-indigenous species is a centuries- if not millennia-old phenomenon, but was only recently acknowledged as a potent driver of change in the sea. We provide a synopsis of key historical milestones for marine bioinvasions, including timelines of (a) discovery and understanding of the invasion process, focusing on transfer mechanisms and outcomes, (b) methodologies used for detection and monitoring, (c) approaches to ecological impacts research, and (d) management and policy responses. Early (until the mid-1900s) marine bioinvasions were given little attention, and in a number of cases actively and routinely facilitated. Beginning in the second half of the 20th century, several conspicuous non-indigenous species outbreaks with strong environmental, economic, and public health impacts raised widespread concerns and initiated shifts in public and scientific perceptions. These high-profile invasions led to policy documents and strategies to reduce the introduction and spread of non-indigenous species, although with significant time lags and limited success and focused on only a subset of transfer mechanisms. Integrated, multi-vector management within an ecosystem-based marine management context is urgently needed to address the complex interactions of natural and human pressures that drive invasions in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henn Ojaveer
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Pärnu, Estonia
| | - Bella S. Galil
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - James T. Carlton
- Maritime Studies Program of Williams College and Mystic Seaport, Mystic, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Heidi Alleway
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Maiju Lehtiniemi
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Agnese Marchini
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Whitman Miller
- Marine Invasion Research Laboratory, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | | | - Gregory M. Ruiz
- Marine Invasion Research Laboratory, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Susan L. Williams
- Bodega Marine Laboratory and Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California at Davis, Bodega Bay, California, United States of America
| | - Anastasija Zaiko
- Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand
- Marine Research Institute, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania
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35
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Using Coupled Hydrodynamic Biogeochemical Models to Predict the Effects of Tidal Turbine Arrays on Phytoplankton Dynamics. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse6020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Viola SM, Page HM, Zaleski SF, Miller RJ, Doheny B, Dugan JE, Schroeder DM, Schroeter SC. Anthropogenic disturbance facilitates a non‐native species on offshore oil platforms. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sloane M. Viola
- Marine Science Institute University of California Santa Barbara CA USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Henry M. Page
- Marine Science Institute University of California Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Susan F. Zaleski
- U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Camarillo CA USA
| | - Robert J. Miller
- Marine Science Institute University of California Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Brandon Doheny
- Marine Science Institute University of California Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Jenifer E. Dugan
- Marine Science Institute University of California Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Donna M. Schroeder
- U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Camarillo CA USA
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Paterson RF, McNeill S, Mitchell E, Adams T, Swan SC, Clarke D, Miller PI, Bresnan E, Davidson K. Environmental control of harmful dinoflagellates and diatoms in a fjordic system. HARMFUL ALGAE 2017; 69:1-17. [PMID: 29122238 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fjordic coastlines provide an ideal protected environment for both finfish and shellfish aquaculture operations. This study reports the results of a cruise to the Scottish Clyde Sea, and associated fjordic sea lochs, that coincided with blooms of the diarrhetic shellfish toxin producing dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuta and the diatom genus Chaetoceros, that can generate finfish mortalities. Unusually, D. acuta reached one order of magnitude higher cell abundance in the water column (2840cellsL-1) than the more common Dinophysis acuminata (200cellsL-1) and was linked with elevated shellfish toxicity (maximum 601±237μg OA eq/kg shellfish flesh) which caused shellfish harvesting closures in the region. Significant correlations between D. acuta abundance and that of Mesodinium rubrum were also observed across the cruise transect potentially supporting bloom formation of the mixotrophic D. acuta. Significant spatial variability in phytoplankton that was related to physical characteristics of the water column was observed, with a temperature-driven frontal region at the mouth of Loch Fyne being important in the development of the D. acuta, but not the Chaetoceros bloom. The front also provided important protection to the aquaculture located within the loch, with neither of the blooms encroaching within it. Analysis based on a particle-tracking model confirms the importance of the front to cell transport and shows significant inter-annual differences in advection within the region, that are important to the harmful algal bloom risk therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth F Paterson
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, PA37 1QA, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Sharon McNeill
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, PA37 1QA, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Elaine Mitchell
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, PA37 1QA, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Thomas Adams
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, PA37 1QA, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Sarah C Swan
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, PA37 1QA, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Dave Clarke
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, H91 R673, Ireland.
| | - Peter I Miller
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, United Kingdom.
| | - Eileen Bresnan
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, AB11 9DB, United Kingdom.
| | - Keith Davidson
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, PA37 1QA, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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González-Rivero M, Harborne AR, Herrera-Reveles A, Bozec YM, Rogers A, Friedman A, Ganase A, Hoegh-Guldberg O. Linking fishes to multiple metrics of coral reef structural complexity using three-dimensional technology. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13965. [PMID: 29070893 PMCID: PMC5656654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14272-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural complexity strongly influences biodiversity and ecosystem productivity. On coral reefs, structural complexity is typically measured using a single and small-scale metric (‘rugosity’) that represents multiple spatial attributes differentially exploited by species, thus limiting a complete understanding of how fish associate with reef structure. We used a novel approach to compare relationships between fishes and previously unavailable components of reef complexity, and contrasted the results against the traditional rugosity index. This study focused on damselfish to explore relationships between fishes and reef structure. Three territorial species, with contrasting trophic habits and expected use of the reef structure, were examined to infer the potential species-specific mechanisms associated with how complexity influences habitat selection. Three-dimensional reef reconstructions from photogrammetry quantified the following metrics of habitat quality: 1) visual exposure to predators and competitors, 2) density of predation refuges and 3) substrate-related food availability. These metrics explained the species distribution better than the traditional measure of rugosity, and each species responded to different complexity components. Given that a critical effect of reef degradation is loss of structure, adopting three-dimensional technologies potentially offers a new tool to both understand species-habitat association and help forecast how fishes will be affected by the flattening of reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M González-Rivero
- The Global Change Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia. .,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia. .,Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville MC, Queensland, 4810, Australia.
| | - A R Harborne
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, 33181, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - A Herrera-Reveles
- Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela. Caracas, Distrito Capital, 1051, Venezuela
| | - Y-M Bozec
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - A Rogers
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - A Friedman
- Greybits Engineering, Sydney, New South Wales, 2029, Australia.,The Australian Centre for Field Robotics, University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - A Ganase
- The Global Change Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - O Hoegh-Guldberg
- The Global Change Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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39
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Herbert RJH, Collins K, Mallinson J, Hall AE, Pegg J, Ross K, Clarke L, Clements T. Epibenthic and mobile species colonisation of a geotextile artificial surf reef on the south coast of England. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184100. [PMID: 28926608 PMCID: PMC5604948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing coastal infrastructure and use of novel materials there is a need to investigate the colonisation of assemblages associated with new structures, how these differ to natural and other artificial habitats and their potential impact on regional biodiversity. The colonisation of Europe’s first artificial surf reef (ASR) was investigated at Boscombe on the south coast of England (2009–2014) and compared with assemblages on existing natural and artificial habitats. The ASR consists of geotextile bags filled with sand located 220m offshore on a sandy sea bed at a depth of 0-5m. Successional changes in epibiota were recorded annually on differently orientated surfaces and depths using SCUBA diving and photography. Mobile faunal assemblages were sampled using Baited Remote Underwater Video (BRUV). Distinct stages in colonisation were observed, commencing with bryozoans and green algae which were replaced by red algae, hydroids and ascidians, however there were significant differences in assemblage structure with depth and orientation. The reef is being utilised by migratory, spawning and juvenile life-history stages of fish and invertebrates. The number of non-native species was larger than on natural reefs and other artificial habitats and some occupied a significant proportion of the structure. The accumulation of 180 benthic and mobile taxa, recorded to date, appears to have arisen from a locally rich and mixed pool of native and non-native species. Provided no negative invasive impacts are detected on nearby protected reefs the creation of novel yet diverse habitats may be considered a beneficial outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J. H. Herbert
- Bournemouth University, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Talbot Campus, Poole, Dorset, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Ken Collins
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Mallinson
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alice E. Hall
- Bournemouth University, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Talbot Campus, Poole, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine Pegg
- University Centre Sparsholt, Sparsholt, Winchester, Hampshire, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Ross
- British Trust for Ornithology, Thetford, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Leo Clarke
- Bournemouth University, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Talbot Campus, Poole, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Clements
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, United Kingdom
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40
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Loxton J, Macleod A, Nall C, McCollin T, Machado I, Simas T, Vance T, Kenny C, Want A, Miller R. Setting an agenda for biofouling research for the marine renewable energy industry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijome.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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41
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Bray L, Kassis D, Hall-Spencer JM. Assessing larval connectivity for marine spatial planning in the Adriatic. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 125:73-81. [PMID: 28187325 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
There are plans to start building offshore marine renewable energy devices throughout the Mediterranean and the Adriatic has been identified as a key location for wind farm developments. The development of offshore wind farms in the area would provide hard substrata for the settlement of sessile benthos. Since the seafloor of the Adriatic is predominantly sedimentary this may alter the larval connectivity of benthic populations in the region. Here, we simulated the release of larvae from benthic populations along the coasts of the Adriatic Sea using coupled bio-physical models and investigated the effect of pelagic larval duration on dispersal. Our model simulations show that currents typically carry particles from east to west across the Adriatic, whereas particles released along western coasts tend to remain there with the Puglia coast of Italy acting as a sink for larvae from benthic populations. We identify areas of high connectivity, as well as areas that are much more isolated, and discuss how these results can be used to inform marine spatial planning and the licensing of offshore marine renewable energy developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bray
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, Athens, Greece; Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, University of Plymouth, UK.
| | - D Kassis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, Athens, Greece; Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - J M Hall-Spencer
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, University of Plymouth, UK; Shimoda Marine Research Centre, Tsukuba University, Japan
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42
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Dong YW, Huang XW, Wang W, Li Y, Wang J. The marine ‘great wall’ of China: local- and broad-scale ecological impacts of coastal infrastructure on intertidal macrobenthic communities. DIVERS DISTRIB 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-wei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361102 Fujian Province China
- Marine Biodiversity and Global Change Laboratory; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361102 Fujian Province China
| | - Xiong-wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361102 Fujian Province China
- Marine Biodiversity and Global Change Laboratory; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361102 Fujian Province China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361102 Fujian Province China
- Marine Biodiversity and Global Change Laboratory; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361102 Fujian Province China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361102 Fujian Province China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361102 Fujian Province China
- Marine Biodiversity and Global Change Laboratory; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361102 Fujian Province China
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43
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Simons RD, Page HM, Zaleski S, Miller R, Dugan JE, Schroeder DM, Doheny B. The Effects of Anthropogenic Structures on Habitat Connectivity and the Potential Spread of Non-Native Invertebrate Species in the Offshore Environment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152261. [PMID: 27031827 PMCID: PMC4816305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Offshore structures provide habitat that could facilitate species range expansions and the introduction of non-native species into new geographic areas. Surveys of assemblages of seven offshore oil and gas platforms in the Santa Barbara Channel revealed a change in distribution of the non-native sessile invertebrate Watersipora subtorquata, a bryozoan with a planktonic larval duration (PLD) of 24 hours or less, from one platform in 2001 to four platforms in 2013. We use a three-dimensional biophysical model to assess whether larval dispersal via currents from harbors to platforms and among platforms is a plausible mechanism to explain the change in distribution of Watersipora and to predict potential spread to other platforms in the future. Hull fouling is another possible mechanism to explain the change in distribution of Watersipora. We find that larval dispersal via currents could account for the increase in distribution of Watersipora from one to four platforms and that Watersipora is unlikely to spread from these four platforms to additional platforms through larval dispersal. Our results also suggest that larvae with PLDs of 24 hours or less released from offshore platforms can attain much greater dispersal distances than larvae with PLDs of 24 hours or less released from nearshore habitat. We hypothesize that the enhanced dispersal distance of larvae released from offshore platforms is driven by a combination of the offshore hydrodynamic environment, larval behavior, and larval release above the seafloor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D. Simons
- Earth Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Henry M. Page
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Susan Zaleski
- Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Pacific Region, Camarillo, California, United States of America
| | - Robert Miller
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Jenifer E. Dugan
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Donna M. Schroeder
- Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Pacific Region, Camarillo, California, United States of America
| | - Brandon Doheny
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
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44
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Expected Effects of Offshore Wind Farms on Mediterranean Marine Life. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse4010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Aleynik D, Dale AC, Porter M, Davidson K. A high resolution hydrodynamic model system suitable for novel harmful algal bloom modelling in areas of complex coastline and topography. HARMFUL ALGAE 2016; 53:102-117. [PMID: 28073437 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fjordic coastlines provide sheltered locations for finfish and shellfish aquaculture, and are often subject to harmful algal blooms (HABs) some of which develop offshore and are then advected to impact nearshore aquaculture. Numerical models are a potentially important tool for providing early warning of such HAB events. However, the complex topography of fjordic shelf regions is a significant challenge to modelling. This is frequently compounded by complex bathymetry and local weather patterns. Existing structured grid models do not provide the resolution needed to represent these coastlines in their wider shelf context. In a number of locations advectively transported blooms of the ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi are of particular concern for the finfish industry. Here were present a novel hydrodynamic model of the coastal waters to the west of Scotland that is based on unstructured finite volume methodology, providing a sufficiently high resolution hydrodynamical structure to realistically simulate the transport of particles (such as K. mikimotoi cells) within nearshore waters where aquaculture sites are sited. Model-observation comparisons reveal close correspondence of tidal elevations for major semidiurnal and diurnal tidal constituents. The thermohaline structure of the model and its current fields are also in good agreement with a number of existing observational datasets. Simulations of the transport of Lagrangian drifting buoys, along with the incorporation of an individual-based biological model, based on a bloom of K. mikimotoi, demonstrate that unstructured grid models have considerable potential for HAB prediction in Scotland and in complex topographical regions elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Aleynik
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew C Dale
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, United Kingdom.
| | - Marie Porter
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, United Kingdom. marie.porter.@sams.ac.uk
| | - Keith Davidson
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, United Kingdom.
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46
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Ferrario F, Iveša L, Jaklin A, Perkol-Finkel S, Airoldi L. The overlooked role of biotic factors in controlling the ecological performance of artificial marine habitats. J Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Ferrario
- Department BiGeA; Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna; Ravenna Italy
- Québec-Océan; Université Laval; Québec QC Canada
| | - Ljiljana Iveša
- Ruđer Bošković Institute; Center for Marine Research; G. Paliaga 5 52210 Rovinj Croatia
| | - Andrej Jaklin
- Ruđer Bošković Institute; Center for Marine Research; G. Paliaga 5 52210 Rovinj Croatia
| | - Shimrit Perkol-Finkel
- Department BiGeA; Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna; Ravenna Italy
- ECOncrete Tech LTD; 4 Yehoshua' Bin Nun Street 62643 Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Laura Airoldi
- Department BiGeA; Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna; Ravenna Italy
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47
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Airoldi L, Turon X, Perkol-Finkel S, Rius M. Corridors for aliens but not for natives: effects of marine urban sprawl at a regional scale. DIVERS DISTRIB 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Airoldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali; University of Bologna; Via S. Alberto 163 I-48123 Ravenna Italy
- Hopkins Marine Station; Stanford University; Pacific Grove CA 93950 USA
| | - Xavier Turon
- Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC); Accés a la Cala S. Francesc 14 17300 Blanes (Girona) Spain
| | - Shimrit Perkol-Finkel
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali; University of Bologna; Via S. Alberto 163 I-48123 Ravenna Italy
- SeArc - Ecological Marine Consulting; 13 Namirover St. Tel Aviv 69713 Israel
| | - Marc Rius
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton; University of Southampton; European Way SO14 3ZH UK
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