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Stiles P, Grant M, Kim H, Comin A, Svensson M, Nilsson J, Nöremark M. Mapping the risk of introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza to Swedish poultry. Prev Vet Med 2024; 230:106260. [PMID: 38976955 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) have resulted in severe economic impact for national governments and poultry industries globally and in Sweden in recent years. Veterinary authorities can enforce prevention measures, e.g. mandatory indoor housing of poultry, in HPAI high-risk areas. The aim of this study was to conduct a spatiotemporal mapping of the risk of introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) to Swedish poultry from wild birds, utilising existing data sources. A raster calculation method was used to assess the spatiotemporal risk of introduction of HPAIV to Swedish poultry. The environmental infectious pressure of HPAIV was first calculated in each 5 km by 5 km cell using four risk factors: density of selected species of wild birds, air temperature, presence of agriculture as land cover and presence of HPAI in wild birds based on data from October 2016-September 2021. The relative importance of each risk factor was weighted based on opinion of experts. The estimated environmental infectious pressure was then multiplied with poultry population density to obtain risk values for risk of introduction of HPAIV to poultry. The results showed a large variation in risk both on national and local level. The counties of Skåne and Östergötland particularly stood out regarding environmental infectious pressure, risk of introduction to poultry and detected outbreaks of HPAI. On the other hand, there were counties, identified as having higher risk of introduction to poultry which never experienced any outbreaks. A possible explanation is the variation in poultry production types present in different areas of Sweden. These results indicate that the national and local variation in risk for HPAIV introduction to poultry in Sweden is high, and this would support more targeted compulsory prevention measures than what has previously been employed in Sweden. With the current and evolving HPAI situation in Europe and on the global level, there is a need for continuous updates to the risk map as the virus evolves and circulates in different wild bird species. The study also identified areas of improvement, in relation to data use and data availability, e.g. improvements to poultry registers, inclusion of citizen reported mortality in wild birds, data from standardised wild bird surveys, wild bird migration data as well as results from ongoing risk-factor studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Stiles
- Department of Epidemiology, Surveillance and Risk Assessment, National Veterinary Agency, SVA, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden; Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130/3, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Malin Grant
- Department of Epidemiology, Surveillance and Risk Assessment, National Veterinary Agency, SVA, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7070, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Surveillance and Risk Assessment, National Veterinary Agency, SVA, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arianna Comin
- Department of Epidemiology, Surveillance and Risk Assessment, National Veterinary Agency, SVA, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael Svensson
- SLU Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7070, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Nilsson
- SLU Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7070, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Nöremark
- Department of Epidemiology, Surveillance and Risk Assessment, National Veterinary Agency, SVA, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Carnegie L, Raghwani J, Fournié G, Hill SC. Phylodynamic approaches to studying avian influenza virus. Avian Pathol 2023; 52:289-308. [PMID: 37565466 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2023.2236568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses can cause severe disease in domestic and wild birds and are a pandemic threat. Phylodynamics is the study of how epidemiological, evolutionary, and immunological processes can interact to shape viral phylogenies. This review summarizes how phylodynamic methods have and could contribute to the study of avian influenza viruses. Specifically, we assess how phylodynamics can be used to examine viral spread within and between wild or domestic bird populations at various geographical scales, identify factors associated with virus dispersal, and determine the order and timing of virus lineage movement between geographic regions or poultry production systems. We discuss factors that can complicate the interpretation of phylodynamic results and identify how future methodological developments could contribute to improved control of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Carnegie
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College (RVC), Hatfield, UK
| | - J Raghwani
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College (RVC), Hatfield, UK
| | - G Fournié
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College (RVC), Hatfield, UK
- Université de Lyon, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA, Marcy l'Etoile, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA, Saint Genes Champanelle, France
| | - S C Hill
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College (RVC), Hatfield, UK
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3
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Irrgang C, Eckmanns T, V Kleist M, Antão EM, Ladewig K, Wieler LH, Körber N. [Application areas of artificial intelligence in the context of One Health with a focus on antimicrobial resistance]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2023:10.1007/s00103-023-03707-2. [PMID: 37140603 PMCID: PMC10157576 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03707-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Societal health is facing a number of new challenges, largely driven by ongoing climate change, demographic ageing, and globalization. The One Health approach links human, animal, and environmental sectors with the goal of achieving a holistic understanding of health in general. To implement this approach, diverse and heterogeneous data streams and types must be combined and analyzed. To this end, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques offer new opportunities for cross-sectoral assessment of current and future health threats. Using the example of antimicrobial resistance as a global threat in the One Health context, we demonstrate potential applications and challenges of AI techniques.This article provides an overview of different applications of AI techniques in the context of One Health and highlights their challenges. Using the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), an increasing global threat, as an example, existing and future AI-based approaches to AMR containment and prevention are described. These range from novel drug development and personalized therapy, to targeted monitoring of antibiotic use in livestock and agriculture, to comprehensive environmental surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Irrgang
- Zentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz in der Public Health-Forschung, Robert Koch-Institut, Wildau, Deutschland.
| | - Tim Eckmanns
- FG 37: Nosokomiale Infektionen, Surveillance von Antibiotikaresistenz und -verbrauch, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Max V Kleist
- Fachbereich für Mathematik und Informatik, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
- P5: Systemmedizin von Infektionskrankheiten, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Esther-Maria Antão
- Fachgebiet Digital Global Public Health, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Potsdam, Deutschland
| | - Katharina Ladewig
- Zentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz in der Public Health-Forschung, Robert Koch-Institut, Wildau, Deutschland
| | - Lothar H Wieler
- Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
- Fachgebiet Digital Global Public Health, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Potsdam, Deutschland
| | - Nils Körber
- Zentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz in der Public Health-Forschung, Robert Koch-Institut, Wildau, Deutschland
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4
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Teitelbaum CS, Casazza ML, McDuie F, De La Cruz SEW, Overton CT, Hall LA, Matchett EL, Ackerman JT, Sullivan JD, Ramey AM, Prosser DJ. Waterfowl recently infected with low pathogenic avian influenza exhibit reduced local movement and delayed migration. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claire S. Teitelbaum
- Akima Systems Engineering Herndon Virginia USA
- Contractor to U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center Laurel Maryland USA
| | - Michael L. Casazza
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station Dixon California USA
| | - Fiona McDuie
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station Dixon California USA
- San Jose State University Research Foundation Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Moss Landing California USA
| | - Susan E. W. De La Cruz
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Station Moffett Field California USA
| | - Cory T. Overton
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station Dixon California USA
| | - Laurie A. Hall
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Station Moffett Field California USA
| | - Elliott L. Matchett
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station Dixon California USA
| | - Joshua T. Ackerman
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station Dixon California USA
| | - Jeffery D. Sullivan
- U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center Laurel Maryland USA
| | - Andrew M. Ramey
- U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center Anchorage Alaska USA
| | - Diann J. Prosser
- U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science Center Laurel Maryland USA
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5
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Schreuder J, de Knegt HJ, Velkers FC, Elbers ARW, Stahl J, Slaterus R, Stegeman JA, de Boer WF. Wild Bird Densities and Landscape Variables Predict Spatial Patterns in HPAI Outbreak Risk across The Netherlands. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11050549. [PMID: 35631070 PMCID: PMC9143584 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses’ (HPAIVs) transmission from wild birds to poultry occurs globally, threatening animal and public health. To predict the HPAI outbreak risk in relation to wild bird densities and land cover variables, we performed a case-control study of 26 HPAI outbreaks (cases) on Dutch poultry farms, each matched with four comparable controls. We trained machine learning classifiers to predict outbreak risk with predictors analyzed at different spatial scales. Of the 20 best explaining predictors, 17 consisted of densities of water-associated bird species, 2 of birds of prey, and 1 represented the surrounding landscape, i.e., agricultural cover. The spatial distribution of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) contributed most to risk prediction, followed by mute swan (Cygnus olor), common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) and brant goose (Branta bernicla). The model successfully distinguished cases from controls, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.92, indicating accurate prediction of HPAI outbreak risk despite the limited numbers of cases. Different classification algorithms led to similar predictions, demonstrating robustness of the risk maps. These analyses and risk maps facilitate insights into the role of wild bird species and support prioritization of areas for surveillance, biosecurity measures and establishments of new poultry farms to reduce HPAI outbreak risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Schreuder
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.S.); (J.A.S.)
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (H.J.d.K.); (W.F.d.B.)
| | - Henrik J. de Knegt
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (H.J.d.K.); (W.F.d.B.)
| | - Francisca C. Velkers
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.S.); (J.A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-30-253-1248
| | - Armin R. W. Elbers
- Department of Epidemiology, Bioinformatics and Animal Models, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands;
| | - Julia Stahl
- Sovon, Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Roy Slaterus
- Sovon, Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.S.); (R.S.)
| | - J. Arjan Stegeman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.S.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Willem F. de Boer
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; (H.J.d.K.); (W.F.d.B.)
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Wille M, Grillo V, Ban de Gouvea Pedroso S, Burgess GW, Crawley A, Dickason C, Hansbro PM, Hoque MA, Horwood PF, Kirkland PD, Kung NYH, Lynch SE, Martin S, McArthur M, O’Riley K, Read AJ, Warner S, Hoye BJ, Lisovski S, Leen T, Hurt AC, Butler J, Broz I, Davies KR, Mileto P, Neave MJ, Stevens V, Breed AC, Lam TTY, Holmes EC, Klaassen M, Wong FYK. Australia as a global sink for the genetic diversity of avian influenza A virus. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010150. [PMID: 35536868 PMCID: PMC9089890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of our understanding of the ecology and evolution of avian influenza A virus (AIV) in wild birds is derived from studies conducted in the northern hemisphere on waterfowl, with a substantial bias towards dabbling ducks. However, relevant environmental conditions and patterns of avian migration and reproduction are substantially different in the southern hemisphere. Through the sequencing and analysis of 333 unique AIV genomes collected from wild birds collected over 15 years we show that Australia is a global sink for AIV diversity and not integrally linked with the Eurasian gene pool. Rather, AIV are infrequently introduced to Australia, followed by decades of isolated circulation and eventual extinction. The number of co-circulating viral lineages varies per subtype. AIV haemagglutinin (HA) subtypes that are rarely identified at duck-centric study sites (H8-12) had more detected introductions and contemporary co-circulating lineages in Australia. Combined with a lack of duck migration beyond the Australian-Papuan region, these findings suggest introductions by long-distance migratory shorebirds. In addition, on the available data we found no evidence of directional or consistent patterns in virus movement across the Australian continent. This feature corresponds to patterns of bird movement, whereby waterfowl have nomadic and erratic rainfall-dependant distributions rather than consistent intra-continental migratory routes. Finally, we detected high levels of virus gene segment reassortment, with a high diversity of AIV genome constellations across years and locations. These data, in addition to those from other studies in Africa and South America, clearly show that patterns of AIV dynamics in the Southern Hemisphere are distinct from those in the temperate north.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Wille
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Graham W. Burgess
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | | | | | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, Australia
| | - Md. Ahasanul Hoque
- Chattogram (previously Chittagong) Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Bangladesh
| | - Paul F. Horwood
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Peter D. Kirkland
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, Australia
| | - Nina Yu-Hsin Kung
- Animal Biosecurity & Welfare, Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Health Food Science Precinct, Coopers Plains, Australia
| | - Stacey E. Lynch
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Sue Martin
- Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Hobart, Australia
| | - Michaela McArthur
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Kensington, Australia
| | - Kim O’Riley
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Read
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, Australia
| | - Simone Warner
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Bethany J. Hoye
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Simeon Lisovski
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Trent Leen
- Geelong Field & Game, Geelong, Australia
- Wetlands Environmental Taskforce, Field & Game Australia, Seymour, Australia
| | - Aeron C. Hurt
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeff Butler
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ivano Broz
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Australia
| | - Kelly R. Davies
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Australia
| | - Patrick Mileto
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Neave
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Australia
| | - Vicky Stevens
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Australia
| | - Andrew C. Breed
- Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Canberra, Australia
- University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Tommy T. Y. Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Edward C. Holmes
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marcel Klaassen
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Frank Y. K. Wong
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Australia
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7
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Bianchini EA, Bogiatto RJ, Donatello RA, Casazza ML, Ackerman JT, De La Cruz SEW, Cline TD. Host Correlates of Avian Influenza Virus Infection in Wild Waterfowl of the Sacramento Valley, California. Avian Dis 2021; 66:20-28. [DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-21-00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Raymond J. Bogiatto
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Chico, Chico, CA 95929
| | - Robin A. Donatello
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, California State University, Chico, Chico, CA 95929
| | - Michael L. Casazza
- United States Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, Dixon, CA 95620
| | - Joshua T. Ackerman
- United States Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, Dixon, CA 95620
| | - Susan E. W. De La Cruz
- United States Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Station, Vallejo, CA 94592
| | - Troy D. Cline
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Chico, Chico, CA 95929
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8
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Yoo DS, Lee K, Beatriz ML, Chun BC, Belkhiria J, Lee KN. Spatiotemporal risk assessment for avian influenza outbreak based on the dynamics of habitat suitability for wild birds. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e953-e967. [PMID: 34738338 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has predominantly damaged the poultry industry worldwide. The fundamental prevention and control strategy for HPAI includes early detection and timely intervention enforcement through a systematic surveillance system for wild birds based on the ecological understanding of the dynamics of wild birds' movements. Our study aimed to develop a spatiotemporal risk assessment model for avian influenza (AI) infection in wild birds to empower surveillance information for a contingency strategy. For this purpose, first, we predicted the monthly habitat suitability of seven waterfowl species, using 227,671 Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking records of 562 birds from 2014 to 2018 in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Then, that predicted habitat suitability and 421 coordinates of AI detection sites in wild birds were used to build the risk assessment model. Subsequently, we compared the monthly predicted risk of avian influenza virus (AIv) identification in wild birds between case and non-case poultry farms with HPAI H5N6 outbreak in the ROK between 2016 and 2017. The results reported considerable variation of monthly habitat suitability of seven waterfowls and the impact of predicting AI occurrences in wild birds. The high habitat suitability for spot-billed ducks (contribution rate in November = 40.9%) and mallards (contribution rate in January = 34.3%) significantly contributed to predicting the average risk of AIv identification in wild birds, with high predictive performance [the monthly mean of area under the curve (AUC) = 0.978]. Moreover, our model showed that the averaged risk of identification AI in wild birds was significantly higher in HPAI infected premises, with infected domestic duck holdings exhibiting a significantly higher risk than the chicken farms in November. This study suggests that animal health authority establishes a risk-based HPAI surveillance system grounded on the ecological nature of wild birds to improve the effectiveness of prevention and preparedness of emerging epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Sung Yoo
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuyoung Lee
- Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance (CADMS), Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Martínez López Beatriz
- Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance (CADMS), Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Byung Chul Chun
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaber Belkhiria
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kwang-Nyeong Lee
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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9
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Hirschinger J, Vergne T, Corre T, Hingrat Y, Guerin JL, Le Loc'h G. Exposure assessment for avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses from peridomestic wild birds in a conservation breeding site in the United Arab Emirates. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:2361-2372. [PMID: 34333870 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, wild birds are frequently suspected to be involved in the occurrence of outbreaks of different diseases in captive-bred birds although proofs are lacking and most of the dedicated studies are insufficiently conclusive to confirm or characterize the roles of wild birds in such outbreaks. The aim of this study was to assess and compare, for the most abundant peridomestic wild birds, the different exposure routes for avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses in conservation breeding sites of Houbara bustards in the United Arab Emirates. To do so, we considered all of the potential pathways by which captive bustards could be exposed to avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses by wild birds, and ran a comparative study of the likelihood of exposure via each of the pathways considered. We merged data from an ecological study dedicated to local wild bird communities with an analysis of the contacts between wild birds and captive bustards and with a prevalence survey of avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses in wild bird populations. We also extracted data from an extensive review of the scientific literature and by the elicitation of expert opinion. Overall, this analysis highlighted those captive bustards had a high risk of being exposed to pathogens by wild birds. This risk was higher for Newcastle disease virus than avian influenza virus, and House sparrows represented the riskiest species for the transmission of both viruses through direct exposure from direct contact with an infectious bird that got inside the aviary and indirect exposure from consumption of water contaminated from the faeces of an infected bird that got inside the aviary for Newcastle disease virus and avian influenza virus, respectively. These results also reaffirm the need to implement biosecurity measures to limit contacts between wild and captive birds and highlight priority targets for a thoughtful and efficient sanitary management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Hirschinger
- Université de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, Toulouse, France.,Reneco International Wildlife Consultants LLC, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Timothée Vergne
- Université de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, Toulouse, France
| | - Tifenn Corre
- INRAE, US-ODR 0685, Observatoire du Développement Rural, Centre Occitanie-Toulouse, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Yves Hingrat
- Reneco International Wildlife Consultants LLC, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jean Luc Guerin
- Université de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Le Loc'h
- Université de Toulouse, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche Interactions Hôtes Agents Pathogènes, Toulouse, France
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10
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Yin S, Xu Y, Batbayar N, Takekawa JY, Si Y, Prosser DJ, Newman SH, Prins HHT, De Boer WF. Do contrasting patterns of migration movements and disease outbreaks between congeneric waterfowl species reflect differing immunity? GEOSPATIAL HEALTH 2021; 16. [PMID: 34000793 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2021.909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Long-distance migrations influence the dynamics of hostpathogen interactions and understanding the role of migratory waterfowl in the spread of the highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) is important. While wild geese have been associated with outbreak events, disease ecology of closely related species has not been studied to the same extent. The swan goose (Anser cygnoides) and the bar-headed goose (Anser indicus) are congeneric species with distinctly different HPAIV infection records; the former with few and the latter with numerous records. We compared movements of these species, as well as the more distantly related whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus) through their annual migratory cycle to better understand exposure to HPAIV events and how this compares within and between congeneric and noncongeneric species. In spite of their record of fewer infections, swan geese were more likely to come in contact with disease outbreaks than bar-headed geese. We propose two possible explanations: i) frequent prolonged contact with domestic ducks increases innate immunity in swan geese, and/or ii) the stress of high-elevation migration reduces immunity of bar-headed geese. Continued efforts to improve our understanding of species-level pathogen response is critical to assessing disease transmission risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglai Yin
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen.
| | - Yanjie Xu
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; The Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki.
| | | | | | - Yali Si
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling and Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden.
| | - Diann J Prosser
- U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Centre, Laurel, MD.
| | - Scott H Newman
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Regional Office for Africa, Accra.
| | - Herbert H T Prins
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen.
| | - Willem F De Boer
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen.
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11
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Gorsich EE, Webb CT, Merton AA, Hoeting JA, Miller RS, Farnsworth ML, Swafford SR, DeLiberto TJ, Pedersen K, Franklin AB, McLean RG, Wilson KR, Doherty PF. Continental-scale dynamics of avian influenza in U.S. waterfowl are driven by demography, migration, and temperature. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e2245. [PMID: 33098602 PMCID: PMC7988533 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Emerging diseases of wildlife origin are increasingly spilling over into humans and domestic animals. Surveillance and risk assessments for transmission between these populations are informed by a mechanistic understanding of the pathogens in wildlife reservoirs. For avian influenza viruses (AIV), much observational and experimental work in wildlife has been conducted at local scales, yet fully understanding their spread and distribution requires assessing the mechanisms acting at both local, (e.g., intrinsic epidemic dynamics), and continental scales, (e.g., long-distance migration). Here, we combined a large, continental-scale data set on low pathogenic, Type A AIV in the United States with a novel network-based application of bird banding/recovery data to investigate the migration-based drivers of AIV and their relative importance compared to well-characterized local drivers (e.g., demography, environmental persistence). We compared among regression models reflecting hypothesized ecological processes and evaluated their ability to predict AIV in space and time using within and out-of-sample validation. We found that predictors of AIV were associated with multiple mechanisms at local and continental scales. Hypotheses characterizing local epidemic dynamics were strongly supported, with age, the age-specific aggregation of migratory birds in an area and temperature being the best predictors of infection. Hypotheses defining larger, network-based features of the migration processes, such as clustering or between-cluster mixing explained less variation but were also supported. Therefore, our results support a role for local processes in driving the continental distribution of AIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Gorsich
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUnited Kingdom
- The Zeeman Institute: Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research (SBIDER)University of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUnited Kingdom
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColorado80521USA
- Graduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColorado80521USA
| | - Colleen T. Webb
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColorado80521USA
- Graduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColorado80521USA
| | - Andrew A. Merton
- Department of StatisticsColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColorado80521USA
| | - Jennifer A. Hoeting
- Department of StatisticsColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColorado80521USA
| | - Ryan S. Miller
- Centers for Epidemiology and Animal HealthUSDA APHIS Veterinary ServicesFort CollinsColorado80526USA
| | - Matthew L. Farnsworth
- Centers for Epidemiology and Animal HealthUSDA APHIS Veterinary ServicesFort CollinsColorado80526USA
| | - Seth R. Swafford
- National Wildlife Disease ProgramUSDA APHIS Wildlife ServicesFort CollinsColorado80521USA
- National Wildlife Refuge SystemUS Fish and Wildlife ServiceYazoo CityMississippi39194USA
| | - Thomas J. DeLiberto
- National Wildlife Disease ProgramUSDA APHIS Wildlife ServicesFort CollinsColorado80521USA
| | - Kerri Pedersen
- National Wildlife Disease ProgramUSDA APHIS Wildlife ServicesFort CollinsColorado80521USA
- USDA APHIS Wildlife ServicesRaleighNorth Carolina27606USA
| | - Alan B. Franklin
- National Wildlife Research CenterUSDA APHIS Wildlife ServicesFort CollinsColorado80521USA
| | - Robert G. McLean
- National Wildlife Research CenterUSDA APHIS Wildlife ServicesFort CollinsColorado80521USA
| | - Kenneth R. Wilson
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColorado80521USA
| | - Paul F. Doherty
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColorado80521USA
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12
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Lazarova IA. Capacities and resources for management of avian influenza outbreaks in Bulgaria. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the necessity of improvement of the technical, financial and human resources in the veterinary sector, the need for strengthening the control on the prevention and eradication measures on avian influenza and the update in the legislation. A sociological survey was carried out through an anonymous written questionnaire with open and closed questions. More than one-third (36.67%) of the respondents in the study assessed the activities of the competent authorities in Bulgaria for eradication of the avian flu outbreaks as “Very good”. For 43.33% one of the main reasons for spreading the disease appeared to be the misinformation and non-declaration of the infection by the farmers, the illegal import and low biosecurity level. For more effective management of the future avian flu outbreaks, more than half of the respondents (56.67%) recommended improvement of the control measures. Of them, 20% proposed stricter control on the eradication at the farms; another 13.33% of the respondents stated the necessity of legislative amendments regarding the zoonotic character of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. A Lazarova
- Department of Hygiene, Technology and Control of Food Products of Animal Origin, Veterinary Legislation and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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13
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van Dijk JGB, Verhagen JH, Hegemann A, Tolf C, Olofsson J, Järhult JD, Waldenström J. A Comparative Study of the Innate Humoral Immune Response to Avian Influenza Virus in Wild and Domestic Mallards. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:608274. [PMID: 33329501 PMCID: PMC7733965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.608274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestic mallards (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) are traditionally used as a model to investigate infection dynamics and immune responses to low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) in free-living mallards. However, it is unclear whether the immune response of domestic birds reflects the response of their free-living counterparts naturally exposed to these viruses. We investigated the extent to which the innate humoral immune response was similar among (i) wild-type domestic mallards in primary and secondary infection with LPAIV H4N6 in a laboratory setting (laboratory mallards), (ii) wild-type domestic mallards naturally exposed to LPAIVs in a semi-natural setting (sentinel mallards), and (iii) free-living mallards naturally exposed to LPAIVs. We quantified innate humoral immune function by measuring non-specific natural antibodies (agglutination), complement activity (lysis), and the acute phase protein haptoglobin. We demonstrate that complement activity in the first 3 days after LPAIV exposure was higher in primary-exposed laboratory mallards than in sentinel and free-living mallards. LPAIV H4N6 likely activated the complement system and the acute phase response in primary-exposed laboratory mallards, as lysis was higher and haptoglobin lower at day 3 and 7 post-exposure compared to baseline immune function measured prior to exposure. There were no differences observed in natural antibody and haptoglobin concentrations among laboratory, sentinel, and free-living mallards in the first 3 days after LPAIV exposure. Our study demonstrates that, based on the three innate humoral immune parameters measured, domestic mallards seem an appropriate model to investigate innate immunology of their free-living counterparts, albeit the innate immune response of secondary-LPAIV exposed mallards is a better proxy for the innate immune response in pre-exposed free-living mallards than that of immunologically naïve mallards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacintha G B van Dijk
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Josanne H Verhagen
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Arne Hegemann
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, Lund, Sweden
| | - Conny Tolf
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Jenny Olofsson
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Josef D Järhult
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Waldenström
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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14
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Metagenomic characterisation of avian parvoviruses and picornaviruses from Australian wild ducks. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12800. [PMID: 32733035 PMCID: PMC7393117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ducks can shed and disseminate viruses and thus play a role in cross-species transmission. In the current study, we detected and characterised various avian parvoviruses and picornaviruses from wild Pacific black ducks, Chestnut teals, Grey teals and Wood ducks sampled at multiple time points from a single location using metagenomics. We characterised 46 different avian parvoviruses belonging to three different genera Dependoparvovirus, Aveparvovirus and Chaphamaparvovirus, and 11 different avian picornaviruses tentatively belonging to four different genera Sicinivirus, Anativirus, Megrivirus and Aalivirus. Most of these viruses were genetically different from other currently known viruses from the NCBI dataset. The study showed that the abundance and number of avian picornaviruses and parvoviruses varied considerably throughout the year, with the high number of virus reads in some of the duck samples highly suggestive of an active infection at the time of sampling. The detection and characterisation of several parvoviruses and picornaviruses from the individual duck samples also suggests co-infection, which may lead to the emergence of novel viruses through possible recombination. Therefore, as new and emerging diseases evolve, it is relevant to explore and monitor potential animal reservoirs in their natural habitat.
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15
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Velkers FC, Manders TTM, Vernooij JCM, Stahl J, Slaterus R, Stegeman JA. Association of wild bird densities around poultry farms with the risk of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N8 outbreaks in the Netherlands, 2016. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:76-87. [PMID: 32419342 PMCID: PMC8048466 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic (HP) avian influenza viruses (AIV) can spread globally through migratory birds and cause massive outbreaks in commercial poultry. AIV outbreaks have been associated with proximity to waterbodies, presence of waterfowl or wild bird cases near poultry farms. In this study, we compared densities of selected HPAI high‐risk wild bird species around 7 locations (H farms) infected with HPAIV H5N8 in the Netherlands in 2016–2017 to densities around 21 non‐infected reference farms. Nine reference farms were in low‐lying water‐rich areas (R‐W) and 12 in higher non‐water‐rich areas (R‐NW). Average monthly numbers/km2 of Eurasian wigeons, tufted ducks, Anatidae (ducks, geese and swans) and Laridae (gulls) were calculated between September and April in rings of 0–1, 1–3, 3–6 and 6–10 km around the farms. Linear mixed model analyses showed generally higher bird densities for H and R‐W compared to R‐NW farms between October and March. This was most striking for Eurasian wigeons, with in peak month December 105 (95% CI:17–642) and 40 (7–214) times higher densities around H and R‐W farms, respectively, compared to R‐NW farms. Increased densities around H farms for Eurasian wigeons and Anatidae were more pronounced for distances up to 10 km compared to 0–1 km that mostly consists of the farm yard, which is an unattractive habitat for waterfowl. This distance effect was not observed in gulls, nor in tufted ducks that live on large open waterbodies which are unlikely to be within 0–1 km of farms. This study provides insights into spatio‐temporal density dynamics of HPAI high‐risk birds around farms and their associations with poultry outbreaks. The outcomes indicate that knowledge of environmental and ecological drivers for wild bird presence and abundance may facilitate identification of priority areas for surveillance and biosecurity measures and decisions on establishments of poultry farms to reduce risk of HPAI outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca C Velkers
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs T M Manders
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes C M Vernooij
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Stahl
- Sovon, Dutch Center for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roy Slaterus
- Sovon, Dutch Center for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Arjan Stegeman
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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16
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Yin S, de Knegt HJ, de Jong MCM, Si Y, Prins HHT, Huang ZYX, de Boer WF. Effects of migration network configuration and migration synchrony on infection prevalence in geese. J Theor Biol 2020; 502:110315. [PMID: 32387368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Migration can influence dynamics of pathogen-host interactions. However, it is not clearly known how migration pattern, in terms of the configuration of the migration network and the synchrony of migration, affects infection prevalence. We therefore applied a discrete-time SIR model, integrating environmental transmission and migration, to various migration networks, including networks with serial, parallel, or both serial and parallel stopover sites, and with various levels of migration synchrony. We applied the model to the infection of avian influenza virus in a migratory geese population. In a network with only serial stopover sites, increasing the number of stopover sites reduced infection prevalence, because with every new stopover site, the amount of virus in the environment was lower than that in the previous stopover site, thereby reducing the exposure of the migratory population. In a network with parallel stopover sites, both increasing the number and earlier appearance of the stopover sites led to an earlier peak of infection prevalence in the migratory population, because the migratory population is exposed to larger total amount of virus in the environment, speeding-up the infection accumulation. Furthermore, higher migration synchrony reduced the average number of cumulative infection, because the majority of the population can fly to a new stopover site where the amount of virus is still relatively low and has not been increased due to virus shedding of infected birds. Our simulations indicate that a migration pattern with multiple serial stopover sites and with highly synchronized migration reduces the infection prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglai Yin
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Henrik J de Knegt
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mart C M de Jong
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Wageningen University, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Yali Si
- Institute for China Sustainable Urbanization, Tsinghua University, 100091 Beijing, China; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, 2300RA Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Herbert H T Prins
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Zheng Y X Huang
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, 210046 Nanjing, China.
| | - Willem F de Boer
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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17
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A unifying framework for the transient parasite dynamics of migratory hosts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:10897-10903. [PMID: 32358200 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908777117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Migrations allow animals to track seasonal changes in resources, find mates, and avoid harsh climates, but these regular, long-distance movements also have implications for parasite dynamics and animal health. Migratory animals have been dubbed "superspreaders" of infection, but migration can also reduce parasite burdens within host populations via migratory escape from contaminated habitats and transmission hotspots, migratory recovery due to parasite mortality, and migratory culling of infected individuals. Here, we show that a single migratory host-macroparasite model can give rise to these different phenomena under different parametrizations, providing a unifying framework for a mechanistic understanding of the parasite dynamics of migratory animals. Importantly, our model includes the impact of parasite burden on host movement capability during migration, which can lead to "parasite-induced migratory stalling" due to a positive feedback between increasing parasite burdens and reduced movement. Our results provide general insight into the conditions leading to different health outcomes in migratory wildlife. Our approach lays the foundation for tactical models that can help understand, predict, and mitigate future changes of disease risk in migratory wildlife that may arise from shifting migratory patterns, loss of migratory behavior, or climate effects on parasite development, mortality, and transmission.
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18
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Exposure to and Circulation of Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease Viruses in Peridomestic Wild Birds in the United Arab Emirates. J Wildl Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.7589/2019-06-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Shaw AK. Causes and consequences of individual variation in animal movement. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2020; 8:12. [PMID: 32099656 PMCID: PMC7027015 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-020-0197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Animal movement comes in a variety of 'types' including small foraging movements, larger one-way dispersive movements, seasonally-predictable round-trip migratory movements, and erratic nomadic movements. Although most individuals move at some point throughout their lives, movement patterns can vary widely across individuals within the same species: differing within an individual over time (intra-individual), among individuals in the same population (inter-individual), or among populations (inter-population). Yet, studies of movement (theoretical and empirical alike) more often focus on understanding 'typical' movement patterns than understanding variation in movement. Here, I synthesize current knowledge of movement variation (drawing parallels across species and movement types), describing the causes (what factors contribute to individual variation), patterns (what movement variation looks like), consequences (why variation matters), maintenance (why variation persists), implications (for management and conservation), and finally gaps (what pieces we are currently missing). By synthesizing across scales of variation, I span across work on plasticity, personality, and geographic variation. Individual movement can be driven by factors that act at the individual, population, community and ecosystem level and have ramifications at each of these levels. Generally the consequences of movement are less well understood than the causes, in part because the effects of movement variation are often nested, with variation manifesting at the population level, which in turn affects communities and ecosystems. Understanding both cause and consequence is particularly important for predicting when variation begets variation in a positive feedback loop, versus when a negative feedback causes variation to be dampened successively. Finally, maintaining standing variation in movement may be important for facilitating species' ability to respond to future environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison K. Shaw
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
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20
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Ssematimba A, St. Charles KM, Bonney PJ, Malladi S, Culhane M, Goldsmith TJ, Halvorson DA, Cardona CJ. Analysis of geographic location and pathways for influenza A virus infection of commercial upland game bird and conventional poultry farms in the United States of America. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:147. [PMID: 31088548 PMCID: PMC6518635 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian influenza (AI) is an infectious viral disease that affects several species and has zoonotic potential. Due to its associated health and economic repercussions, minimizing AI outbreaks is important. However, most control measures are generic and mostly target pathways important for the conventional poultry farms producing chickens, turkeys, and eggs and may not target other pathways that may be specific to the upland game bird sector. The goal of this study is to provide evidence to support the development of novel strategies for sector-specific AI control by comparing and contrasting practices and potential pathways for spread in upland game bird farms with those for conventional poultry farms in the United States. Farm practices and processes, seasonality of activities, geographic location and inter-farm distance were analyzed across the sectors. All the identified differences were framed and discussed in the context of their associated pathways for virus introduction into the farm and subsequent between-farm spread. RESULTS Differences stemming from production systems and seasonality, inter-farm distance and farm densities were evident and these could influence both fomite-mediated and local-area spread risks. Upland game bird farms operate under a single, independent owner rather than being contracted with or owned by a company with other farms as is the case with conventional poultry. The seasonal marketing of upland game birds, largely driven by hunting seasons, implies that movements are seasonal and customer-vendor dynamics vary between industry groups. Farm location analysis revealed that, on average, an upland game bird premises was 15.42 km away from the nearest neighboring premises with birds compared to 3.74 km for turkey premises. Compared to turkey premises, the average poultry farm density in a radius of 10 km of an upland game bird premises was less than a half, and turkey premises were 3.8 times (43.5% compared with 11.5%) more likely to fall within a control area during the 2015 Minnesota outbreak. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the existing differences in the seasonality of production, isolated geographic location and epidemiological seclusion of farms influence AI spread dynamics and therefore disease control measures should be informed by these and other factors to achieve success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Ssematimba
- Secure Food Systems Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, P.O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Kaitlyn M. St. Charles
- Secure Food Systems Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Peter J. Bonney
- Secure Food Systems Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Sasidhar Malladi
- Secure Food Systems Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Marie Culhane
- Secure Food Systems Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Timothy J. Goldsmith
- Secure Food Systems Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - David A. Halvorson
- Secure Food Systems Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Carol J. Cardona
- Secure Food Systems Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA
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21
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Lisovski S, van Dijk JG, Klinkenberg D, Nolet BA, Fouchier RA, Klaassen M. The roles of migratory and resident birds in local avian influenza infection dynamics. J Appl Ecol 2018; 55:2963-2975. [PMID: 30337766 PMCID: PMC6188652 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Migratory birds are an increasing focus of interest when it comes to infection dynamics and the spread of avian influenza viruses (AIV). However, we lack detailed understanding migratory birds' contribution to local AIV prevalence levels and their downstream socio-economic costs and threats.To explain the potential differential roles of migratory and resident birds in local AIV infection dynamics, we used a susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) model. We investigated five (mutually non- exclusive) mechanisms potentially driving observed prevalence patterns: 1) a pronounced birth pulse (e.g. the synchronised annual influx of immunologically naïve individuals), 2) short-term immunity, 3) increase of susceptible migrants, 4) differential susceptibility to infection (i.e. transmission rate) for migrants and residents, and 5) replacement of migrants during peak migration.SIR models describing all possible combinations of the five mechanisms were fitted to individual AIV infection data from a detailed longitudinal surveillance study in the partially migratory mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos). During autumn and winter, the local resident mallard community also held migratory mallards that exhibited distinct AIV infection dynamics.Replacement of migratory birds during peak migration in autumn was found to be the most important mechanism driving the variation in local AIV infection patterns. This suggests that a constant influx of migratory birds, likely immunological naïve to locally circulating AIV strains, is required to predict the observed temporal prevalence patterns and the distinct differences in prevalence between residents and migrants.Synthesis and applications. Our analysis reveals a key mechanism that could explain the amplifying role of migratory birds in local avian influenza virus infection dynamics; the constant flow and replacement of migratory birds during peak migration. Aside from monitoring efforts, in order to achieve adequate disease management and control in wildlife - with knock-on effects for livestock and humans, - we conclude that it is crucial, in future surveillance studies, to record host demographical parameters such as population density, timing of birth and turnover of migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Lisovski
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Geelong, Australia
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, CH-6204 Sempach, Switzerland
| | - Jacintha G.B. van Dijk
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), The Netherlands
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Don Klinkenberg
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bart A. Nolet
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), The Netherlands
- Theoretical and Computational Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marcel Klaassen
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Geelong, Australia
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