1
|
Rouabah A, Rabolin-Meinrad C, Gay C, Therond O. Models of bee responses to land use and land cover changes in agricultural landscapes - a review and research agenda. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38940343 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Predictive modelling tools can be used to support the design of agricultural landscapes to promote pollinator biodiversity and pollination services. Despite the proliferation of such modelling tools in recent decades, there remains a gap in synthesising their main characteristics and representation capacities. Here, we reviewed 42 studies that developed non-correlative models to explore the impact of land use and land cover changes on bee populations, and synthesised information about the modelled systems, modelling approaches, and key model characteristics like spatiotemporal extent and resolution. Various modelling approaches are employed to predict the biodiversity of bees and the pollination services they provide, with a prevalence of models focusing on wild populations compared to managed ones. Of these models, landscape indicators and distance decay models are relatively simple, with few parameters. They allow mapping bee visitation probabilities using basic land cover data and considering bee foraging ranges. Conversely, mechanistic or agent-based models delineate, with varying degrees of complexity, a multitude of processes that characterise, among others, the foraging behaviour and population dynamics of bees. The reviewed models collectively encompass 38 ecological, agronomic, and economic processes, producing various outputs including bee abundance, habitat visitation rate, and crop yield. To advance the development of predictive modelling tools aimed at fostering pollinator biodiversity and pollination services in agricultural landscapes, we highlight future avenues for increasing biophysical realism in models predicting the impact of land use and land cover changes on bees. Additionally, we address the challenges associated with balancing model complexity and practical usability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhak Rouabah
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, LAE, 28 rue de Herrlisheim, Colmar, 68000, France
| | | | - Camille Gay
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, LAE, 2 Avenue de la forêt de Haye, BP 20163, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, 54500, France
| | - Olivier Therond
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, LAE, 28 rue de Herrlisheim, Colmar, 68000, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hederström V, Ekroos J, Friberg M, Krausl T, Opedal ØH, Persson AS, Petrén H, Quan Y, Smith HG, Clough Y. Pollinator-mediated effects of landscape-scale land use on grassland plant community composition and ecosystem functioning - seven hypotheses. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:675-698. [PMID: 38118437 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Environmental change is disrupting mutualisms between organisms worldwide. Reported declines in insect populations and changes in pollinator community compositions in response to land use and other environmental drivers have put the spotlight on the need to conserve pollinators. While this is often motivated by their role in supporting crop yields, the role of pollinators for reproduction and resulting taxonomic and functional assembly in wild plant communities has received less attention. Recent findings suggest that observed and experimental gradients in pollinator availability can affect plant community composition, but we know little about when such shifts are to be expected, or the impact they have on ecosystem functioning. Correlations between plant traits related to pollination and plant traits related to other important ecosystem functions, such as productivity, nitrogen uptake or palatability to herbivores, lead us to expect non-random shifts in ecosystem functioning in response to changes in pollinator communities. At the same time, ecological and evolutionary processes may counteract these effects of pollinator declines, limiting changes in plant community composition, and in ecosystem functioning. Despite calls to investigate community- and ecosystem-level impacts of reduced pollination, the study of pollinator effects on plants has largely been confined to impacts on plant individuals or single-species populations. With this review we aim to break new ground by bringing together aspects of landscape ecology, ecological and evolutionary plant-insect interactions, and biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research, to generate new ideas and hypotheses about the ecosystem-level consequences of pollinator declines in response to land-use change, using grasslands as a focal system. Based on an integrated set of seven hypotheses, we call for more research investigating the putative pollinator-mediated links between landscape-scale land use and ecosystem functioning. In particular, future research should use combinations of experimental and observational approaches to assess the effects of changes in pollinator communities over multiple years and across species on plant communities and on trait distributions both within and among species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Hederström
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Johan Ekroos
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Magne Friberg
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Theresia Krausl
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Øystein H Opedal
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Anna S Persson
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Hampus Petrén
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Yuanyuan Quan
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Henrik G Smith
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Yann Clough
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lonsdorf EV, Rundlöf M, Nicholson CC, Williams NM. A spatially explicit model of landscape pesticide exposure to bees: Development, exploration, and evaluation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168146. [PMID: 37914120 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides represent one of the greatest threats to bees and other beneficial insects in agricultural landscapes. Potential exposure is generated through compound- and crop-specific patterns of pesticide use over space and time and unique degradation behavior among compounds. Realized exposure develops through bees foraging from their nests across the spatiotemporal mosaic of floral resources and associated pesticides throughout the landscape. Despite the recognized importance of a landscape-wide approach to assessing exposure, we lack a sufficiently-evaluated predictive framework to inform mitigation decisions and environmental risk assessment for bees. We address this gap by developing a bee pesticide exposure model that incorporates spatiotemporal pesticide use patterns, estimated rates of pesticide degradation, floral resource dynamics across habitats, and bee foraging movements. We parameterized the model with pesticide use data from a public database containing crop-field- and date-specific records of uses throughout our study region over an entire year. We evaluate the model performance in predicting bee pesticide exposure using a dataset of pesticide residues in pollens gathered by bumble bees (Bombus vosnesenskii) returning to colonies across 14 spatially independent landscapes in Northern California. We applied alternative model formulations of pesticide accumulation and degradation, floral resource seasonality, and bee foraging behavior to evaluate different levels of detail for predicting observed pesticide exposure. Our best model explained 73 % of observed variation in pesticide exposure of bumble bee colonies, with generally positive correlations for the dominant compounds. Timing and location of pesticide use were integral, but more detailed parameterizations of pesticide degradation, floral resources, and bee foraging improved the predictions little if at all. Our results suggest that this approach to predict bees' pesticide exposure has value in extending from the local field scale to the landscape in environmental risk assessment and for exploring mitigation options to support bees in agricultural landscapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric V Lonsdorf
- Department of Environmental Sciences, 400 Dowman Drive, 5th floor, Math & Science Center, Emory University, Atlanta 30322, GA, United States of America.
| | - Maj Rundlöf
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, United States of America; Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlie C Nicholson
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, United States of America; Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Neal M Williams
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee MB. Environmental factors affecting honey bees ( Apis cerana) and cabbage white butterflies ( Pieris rapae) at urban farmlands. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15725. [PMID: 37520259 PMCID: PMC10386823 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid urbanization results in a significantly increased urban population, but also the loss of agricultural lands, thus raising a concern for food security. Urban agriculture has received increasing attention as a way of improving food access in urban areas and local farmers' livelihoods. Although vegetable-dominant small urban farmlands are relatively common in China, little is known about environmental factors associated with insects that could affect ecosystem services at these urban farmlands, which in turn influences agricultural productivity. Using Asian honey bee (Apis cerana) and cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae) as examples, I investigated how environmental features within and surrounding urban farmlands affected insect pollinator (bee) and pest (butterfly) abundance in a megacity of China during winters. I considered environmental features at three spatial scales: fine (5 m-radius area), local (50 m-radius area), and landscape (500 m-raidus and 1 km-radius areas). While the abundance of P. rapae increased with local crop diversity, it was strongly negatively associated with landscape-scale crop and weed covers. A. cerana responded positively to flower cover at the fine scale. Their abundance also increased with local-scale weed cover but decreased with increasing landscape-scale weed cover. The abundance of A. cerana tended to decrease with increasing patch density of farmlands within a landscape, i.e., farmland fragmentation. These results suggest that cultivating too diverse crops at urban farmlands can increase crop damage; however, the damage may be alleviated at farmlands embedded in a landscape with more crop cover. Retaining a small amount of un-harvested flowering crops and weedy vegetation within a farmland, especially less fragmented farmland can benefit A. cerana when natural resources are scarce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Bok Lee
- Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baey C, Smith HG, Rundlöf M, Olsson O, Clough Y, Sahlin U. Calibration of a bumble bee foraging model using Approximate Bayesian Computation. Ecol Modell 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
6
|
Garratt MPD, O'Connor RS, Carvell C, Fountain MT, Breeze TD, Pywell R, Redhead JW, Kinneen L, Mitschunas N, Truslove L, Xavier e Silva C, Jenner N, Ashdown C, Brittain C, McKerchar M, Butcher C, Edwards M, Nowakowski M, Sutton P, Potts SG. Addressing pollination deficits in orchard crops through habitat management for wild pollinators. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2743. [PMID: 36107148 PMCID: PMC10078601 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that farmers in many areas are achieving below maximum yields due to insufficient pollination. Practical and effective approaches are needed to maintain wild pollinator populations within agroecosystems so they can deliver critical pollination services that underpin crop production. We established nesting and wildflower habitat interventions in 24 UK apple orchards and measured effects on flower-visiting insects and the pollination they provide, exploring how this was affected by landscape context. We quantified the extent of pollination deficits and assessed whether the management of wild pollinators can reduce deficits and deliver improved outcomes for growers over 3 years. Wildflower interventions increased solitary bee numbers visiting apple flowers by over 20%, but there was no effect of nesting interventions. Other pollinator groups were influenced by both local and landscape-scale factors, with bumblebees and hoverflies responding to the relative proportion of semi-natural habitat at larger spatial scales (1000 m), while honeybees and other flies responded at 500 m or less. By improving fruit number and quality, pollinators contributed more than £16 k per hectare. However, deficits (where maximum potential was not being reached due to a lack of pollination) were recorded and the extent of these varied across orchards, and from year to year, with a 22% deficit in output in the worst (equivalent to ~£14 k/ha) compared to less than 3% (equivalent to ~£2 k/ha) in the best year. Although no direct effect of our habitat interventions on deficits in gross output was observed, initial fruit set and seed set deficits were reduced by abundant bumblebees, and orchards with a greater abundance of solitary bees saw lower deficits in fruit size. The abundance of pollinators in apple orchards is influenced by different local and landscape factors that interact and vary between years. Consequently, pollination, and the extent of economic output deficits, also vary between orchards and years. We highlight how approaches, including establishing wildflower areas and optimizing the ratio of cropped and non-cropped habitats can increase the abundance of key apple pollinators and improve outcomes for growers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rory S. O'Connor
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental Research, University of ReadingReadingUK
| | | | | | - Tom D. Breeze
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental Research, University of ReadingReadingUK
| | | | | | - Lois Kinneen
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental Research, University of ReadingReadingUK
| | | | - Louise Truslove
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental Research, University of ReadingReadingUK
| | | | | | | | - Claire Brittain
- Syngenta, Jealotts Hill International Research CentreBracknellUK
| | | | | | - Mike Edwards
- Edwards Ecological and Data Services LtdMidhurstUK
| | | | - Peter Sutton
- Syngenta, Jealotts Hill International Research CentreBracknellUK
| | - Simon G. Potts
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental Research, University of ReadingReadingUK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fitch G, Gonzalez J, Oana AM, Oliver M, Vandermeer J. Integrating effects of neighbor interactions for pollination and abiotic resources on coffee yield in a multi‐strata agroforest. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Fitch
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - John Gonzalez
- Program in the Environment University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Anna M. Oana
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Maggie Oliver
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - John Vandermeer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- Program in the Environment University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jauker F, Diekötter T. Sown wildflower areas for biodiversity conservation and multifunctional agricultural landscapes. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
9
|
Jones J, Rader R. Pollinator nutrition and its role in merging the dual objectives of pollinator health and optimal crop production. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210170. [PMID: 35491607 PMCID: PMC9058521 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bee and non-bee insect pollinators play an integral role in the quantity and quality of production for many food crops, yet there is growing evidence that nutritional challenges to pollinators in agricultural landscapes are an important factor in the reduction of pollinator populations worldwide. Schemes to enhance crop pollinator health have historically focused on floral resource plantings aimed at increasing pollinator abundance and diversity by providing more foraging opportunities for bees. These efforts have demonstrated that improvements in bee diversity and abundance are achievable; however, goals of increasing crop pollination outcomes via these interventions are not consistently met. To support pollinator health and crop pollination outcomes in tandem, habitat enhancements must be tailored to meet the life-history needs of specific crop pollinators, including non-bees. This will require greater understanding of the nutritional demands of these taxa together with the supply of floral and non-floral food resources and how these interact in cropping environments. Understanding the mechanisms underlying crop pollination and pollinator health in unison across a range of taxa is clearly a win–win for industry and conservation, yet achievement of these goals will require new knowledge and novel, targeted methods. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Natural processes influencing pollinator health: from chemistry to landscapes’.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Jones
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Romina Rader
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jauker F, Diekötter T. Sown wildflower areas for biodiversity conservation and multifunctional agricultural landscapes. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
11
|
Eckerter PW, Albrecht M, Bertrand C, Gobet E, Herzog F, Pfister SC, Tinner W, Entling MH. Effects of temporal floral resource availability and non-crop habitats on broad bean pollination. LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY 2022; 37:1573-1586. [PMID: 35611158 PMCID: PMC9122849 DOI: 10.1007/s10980-022-01448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Flowering plants can enhance wild insect populations and their pollination services to crops in agricultural landscapes, especially when they flower before the focal crop. However, characterizing the temporal availability of specific floral resources is a challenge. OBJECTIVES Developing an index for the availability of floral resources at the landscape scale according to the specific use by a pollinator. Investigating whether detailed and temporally-resolved floral resource maps predict pollination success of broad bean better than land cover maps. METHODS We mapped plant species used as pollen source by bumblebees in 24 agricultural landscapes and developed an index of floral resource availability for different times of the flowering season. To measure pollination success, patches of broad bean (Vicia faba), a plant typically pollinated by bumblebees, were exposed in the center of selected landscapes. RESULTS Higher floral resource availability before bean flowering led to enhanced seed set. Floral resource availability synchronous to broad bean flowering had no effect. Seed set was somewhat better explained by land cover maps than by floral resource availability, increasing with urban area and declining with the cover of arable land. CONCLUSIONS The timing of alternative floral resource availability is important for crop pollination. The higher explanation of pollination success by land cover maps than by floral resource availability indicates that additional factors such as habitat disturbance and nesting sites play a role in pollination. Enhancing non-crop woody plants in agricultural landscapes as pollen sources may ensure higher levels of crop pollination by wild pollinators such as bumblebees. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10980-022-01448-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp W. Eckerter
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Matthias Albrecht
- Agricultural Landscapes and Biodiversity, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Colette Bertrand
- Agricultural Landscapes and Biodiversity, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UMR ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, Versailles, France
| | - Erika Gobet
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Felix Herzog
- Agricultural Landscapes and Biodiversity, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja C. Pfister
- Institute for Agroecology and Biodiversity (IFAB), Mannheim, Germany
| | - Willy Tinner
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin H. Entling
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jauker F, Diekötter T. Sown wildflower areas for biodiversity conservation and multifunctional agricultural landscapes. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
13
|
Delphia CM, O'Neill KM, Burkle LA. Proximity to wildflower strips did not boost crop pollination on small, diversified farms harboring diverse wild bees. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
14
|
Memory-guided foraging and landscape design interact to determine ecosystem services. J Theor Biol 2022; 534:110958. [PMID: 34748733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Many studies examine how the landscape affects memory-informed movement patterns, but very few examine how memory-informed foragers influence the landscape. This reverse relationship is an important factor in preventing the continued decline of many ecosystem services. We investigate this question in the context of crop pollination services by wild bees, a critical ecosystem service that is in steep decline. Many studies suggest that adding wild flower patches near crops can result in higher crop pollination services, but specific advice pertaining to the optimal location and density of these wild flower patches is lacking, as well as any estimate of the expected change in crop pollination services. In this work, we seek to understand what is the optimal placement of a flower patch relative to a single crop field, during crop bloom and considering spatial factors alone. We develop an individual based model of memory-based foraging by bumble bees to simulate bee movement from a single nest while the crop is in bloom, and measure the resulting crop pollination services. We consider a single crop field enhanced with a wild flower patch in a variable location, and measure crop flower visitation over the course of a single day. We analyze the pollination intensity and spatial distribution of flower visits to determine optimal wild flower patch placement for an isolated crop field. We find that the spatial arrangement of crop and wild flower patch have a significant effect on the number of crop flower visits, and that these effects arise from the memory-informed foraging pattern. The most effective planting locations are either in the centre of the crop field or on the far side of the crop field, away from the single bumble bee nest.
Collapse
|
15
|
Changes in Metal Distribution, Vegetative Growth, Reactive Oxygen and Nutrient Absorption of Tagetes patula under Soil Cadmium Stress. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation with hyperaccumulator plants has been recognized as a potential way for the clearing of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil. In this study, hyperaccumulator Tagetes patula was treated with seven concentrations of Cd, ranging from 0 to 300 mg kg−1. The Cd enrichment and nutrient contents in different organs during different growth phases were investigated. Under Cd concentrations ≤75 mg kg-1, the morphological growth of T. patula did not change significantly regardless of growth stage. However, when Cd concentration exceeded 150 mg kg−1, the morphological growth was remarkedly inhibited. The root/shoot ratio remained unchanged except for at 300 mg kg−1. In addition, Cd negatively influenced the flowering process at the concentration of 300 mg kg−1. Cd content increased significantly in Cd-treated plants. Nitrogen absorption was increased under Cd treatments, and phosphorus content was also increased under concentration ≤150 mg·kg−1. However, the potassium content in the flower was decreased under 300 mg kg−1. Furthermore, the contents of H2O2, O2− and malondialdehyde were increased during the seedling phase, especially when Cd concentration was ≥150 mg kg−1. In summary, T. patula showed a strong ability to tolerate Cd, and such ability might be explained by nutrient absorption and reactive oxygen clearness.
Collapse
|
16
|
Differential equation model for central-place foragers with memory: implications for bumble bee crop pollination. J Math Biol 2021; 83:50. [PMID: 34636970 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-021-01676-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bumble bees provide valuable pollination services to crops around the world. However, their populations are declining in intensively farmed landscapes. Understanding the dispersal behaviour of these bees is a key step in determining how agricultural landscapes can best be enhanced for bumble bee survival. Here we develop a partial integro-differential equation model to predict the spatial distribution of foraging bumble bees in dynamic heterogeneous landscapes. In our model, the foraging population is divided into two subpopulations, one engaged in an intensive search mode (modeled by diffusion) and the other engaged in an extensive search mode (modeled by advection). Our model considers the effects of resource-dependent switching rates between movement modes, resource depletion, central-place foraging behaviour, and memory. We use our model to investigate how crop pollination services are affected by wildflower enhancements. We find that planting wildflowers such that the crop is located in between the wildflowers and the nest site can benefit crop pollination in two different scenarios. If the bees do not have a strong preference for wildflowers, a small or low density wildflower patch is beneficial. If, on the other hand, the bees strongly prefer the wildflowers, then a large or high density wildflower patch is beneficial. The increase of the crop pollination services in the later scenario is of remarkable magnitude.
Collapse
|
17
|
Gardner E, Breeze TD, Clough Y, Smith HG, Baldock KCR, Campbell A, Garratt MPD, Gillespie MAK, Kunin WE, McKerchar M, Potts SG, Senapathi D, Stone GN, Wäckers F, Westbury DB, Wilby A, Oliver TH. Field boundary features can stabilise bee populations and the pollination of mass‐flowering crops in rotational systems. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Gardner
- School of Biological Sciences University of Reading Reading UK
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental Research University of Reading Reading UK
| | - Tom D. Breeze
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental Research University of Reading Reading UK
| | - Yann Clough
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research and Department Biology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Henrik G. Smith
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research and Department Biology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Katherine C. R. Baldock
- School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK
- Cabot Institute University of Bristol Bristol UK
- Department of Geographical and Environmental Sciences Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | | | | | - Mark A. K. Gillespie
- School of Biology University of Leeds Leeds UK
- Department of Environmental Sciences Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Sogndal Norway
| | | | - Megan McKerchar
- School of Science and the Environment University of Worcester UK
| | - Simon G. Potts
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental Research University of Reading Reading UK
| | - Deepa Senapathi
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental Research University of Reading Reading UK
| | - Graham N. Stone
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Felix Wäckers
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | | | - Andrew Wilby
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | - Tom H. Oliver
- School of Biological Sciences University of Reading Reading UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Desaegher J, Sheeren D, Ouin A. Optimising spatial distribution of mass‐flowering patches at the landscape scale to increase crop pollination. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Desaegher
- Université de ToulouseINRAEUMR DYNAFOR Castanet‐Tolosan France
- LTSER Zone Atelier "PYRÉNÉES GARONNE" Auzeville‐Tolosane France
| | - David Sheeren
- Université de ToulouseINRAEUMR DYNAFOR Castanet‐Tolosan France
- LTSER Zone Atelier "PYRÉNÉES GARONNE" Auzeville‐Tolosane France
| | - Annie Ouin
- Université de ToulouseINRAEUMR DYNAFOR Castanet‐Tolosan France
- LTSER Zone Atelier "PYRÉNÉES GARONNE" Auzeville‐Tolosane France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gourevitch JD, Alonso-Rodríguez AM, Aristizábal N, de Wit LA, Kinnebrew E, Littlefield CE, Moore M, Nicholson CC, Schwartz AJ, Ricketts TH. Projected losses of ecosystem services in the US disproportionately affect non-white and lower-income populations. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3511. [PMID: 34112778 PMCID: PMC8192915 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Addressing how ecosystem services (ES) are distributed among groups of people is critical for making conservation and environmental policy-making more equitable. Here, we evaluate the distribution and equity of changes in ES benefits across demographic and socioeconomic groups in the United States (US) between 2020 and 2100. Specifically, we use land cover and population projections to model potential shifts in the supply, demand, and benefits of the following ES: provision of clean air, protection against a vector-borne disease (West Nile virus), and crop pollination. Across the US, changes in ES benefits are unevenly distributed among socioeconomic and demographic groups and among rural and urban communities, but are relatively uniform across geographic regions. In general, non-white, lower-income, and urban populations disproportionately bear the burden of declines in ES benefits. This is largely driven by the conversion of forests and wetlands to cropland and urban land cover in counties where these populations are expected to grow. In these locations, targeted land use policy interventions are required to avoid exacerbating inequalities already present in the US.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Gourevitch
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Aura M Alonso-Rodríguez
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Natalia Aristizábal
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Luz A de Wit
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Eva Kinnebrew
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Caitlin E Littlefield
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Maya Moore
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Food Systems Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Charles C Nicholson
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aaron J Schwartz
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Taylor H Ricketts
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Guezen JM, Forrest JRK. Seasonality of floral resources in relation to bee activity in agroecosystems. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:3130-3147. [PMID: 33841773 PMCID: PMC8019032 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of wild insects to crop pollination is becoming increasingly important as global demand for crops dependent on animal pollination increases. If wild insect populations are to persist in agricultural landscapes, there must be sufficient resources over time and space. The temporal, within-season component of floral resource availability has rarely been investigated, despite growing recognition of its likely importance for pollinator populations. Here, we examined the visitation rates of common bee genera and the spatiotemporal availability of floral resources in agroecosystems over one season to determine whether local wild bee activity was limited by landscape floral resource abundance, and if so, whether it was limited by the present or past abundance of landscape floral resources. Visitation rates and landscape floral resources were measured in 27 agricultural sites in Ontario and Québec, Canada, across four time periods and three spatial scales. Floral resources were determined based on species-specific floral volume measurements, which we found to be highly correlated with published measurements of nectar sugar mass and pollen volume. Total floral volume at varying spatial scales predicted visits for commonly observed bee genera. We found Lasioglossum and Halictus visits were highest in landscapes that provided either a stable or increasing amount of floral resources over the season. Andrena visits were highest in landscapes with high floral resources at the start of the season, and Bombus visits appeared to be positively related to greater cumulative seasonal abundance of floral resources. These findings together suggest the importance of early-season floral resources to bees. Megachile visits were negatively associated with the present abundance of floral resources, perhaps reflecting pollinator movement or dilution. Our research provides insight into how seasonal fluctuations in floral resources affect bee activity and how life history traits of bee genera influence their responses to food availability within agroecosystems.
Collapse
|
21
|
Gardner E, Breeze TD, Clough Y, Smith HG, Baldock KCR, Campbell A, Garratt MPD, Gillespie MAK, Kunin WE, McKerchar M, Memmott J, Potts SG, Senapathi D, Stone GN, Wäckers F, Westbury DB, Wilby A, Oliver TH. Reliably predicting pollinator abundance: Challenges of calibrating process‐based ecological models. Methods Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Gardner
- School of Biological Sciences University of Reading Reading UK
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental ResearchUniversity of Reading Reading UK
| | - Tom D. Breeze
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental ResearchUniversity of Reading Reading UK
| | - Yann Clough
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Henrik G. Smith
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Katherine C. R. Baldock
- School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK
- Cabot InstituteUniversity of Bristol Bristol UK
- Department of Geographical and Environmental Sciences Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | | | | | - Mark A. K. Gillespie
- School of Biology University of Leeds Leeds UK
- Department of Environmental Sciences Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Sogndal Norway
| | | | - Megan McKerchar
- School of Science and the Environment University of Worcester Worcester UK
| | - Jane Memmott
- School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Simon G. Potts
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental ResearchUniversity of Reading Reading UK
| | - Deepa Senapathi
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental ResearchUniversity of Reading Reading UK
| | - Graham N. Stone
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Felix Wäckers
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | - Duncan B. Westbury
- School of Science and the Environment University of Worcester Worcester UK
| | - Andrew Wilby
- Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| | - Tom H. Oliver
- School of Biological Sciences University of Reading Reading UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Albrecht M, Kleijn D, Williams NM, Tschumi M, Blaauw BR, Bommarco R, Campbell AJ, Dainese M, Drummond FA, Entling MH, Ganser D, Arjen de Groot G, Goulson D, Grab H, Hamilton H, Herzog F, Isaacs R, Jacot K, Jeanneret P, Jonsson M, Knop E, Kremen C, Landis DA, Loeb GM, Marini L, McKerchar M, Morandin L, Pfister SC, Potts SG, Rundlöf M, Sardiñas H, Sciligo A, Thies C, Tscharntke T, Venturini E, Veromann E, Vollhardt IMG, Wäckers F, Ward K, Westbury DB, Wilby A, Woltz M, Wratten S, Sutter L. The effectiveness of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control, pollination services and crop yield: a quantitative synthesis. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:1488-1498. [PMID: 32808477 PMCID: PMC7540530 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Floral plantings are promoted to foster ecological intensification of agriculture through provisioning of ecosystem services. However, a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of different floral plantings, their characteristics and consequences for crop yield is lacking. Here we quantified the impacts of flower strips and hedgerows on pest control (18 studies) and pollination services (17 studies) in adjacent crops in North America, Europe and New Zealand. Flower strips, but not hedgerows, enhanced pest control services in adjacent fields by 16% on average. However, effects on crop pollination and yield were more variable. Our synthesis identifies several important drivers of variability in effectiveness of plantings: pollination services declined exponentially with distance from plantings, and perennial and older flower strips with higher flowering plant diversity enhanced pollination more effectively. These findings provide promising pathways to optimise floral plantings to more effectively contribute to ecosystem service delivery and ecological intensification of agriculture in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Albrecht
- Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, Zurich, CH-8046, Switzerland
| | - David Kleijn
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, Wageningen, 6708PB, The Netherlands
| | - Neal M Williams
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Graduate Group in Ecology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Matthias Tschumi
- Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, Zurich, CH-8046, Switzerland
| | - Brett R Blaauw
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7044, Uppsala, 75007, Sweden
| | - Alistair J Campbell
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Pará, CEP 66095-903, Brazil
| | - Matteo Dainese
- Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Viale Druso 1, Bozen/Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - Francis A Drummond
- School of Biology And Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Martin H Entling
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstr. 7, Landau, D-76829, Germany
| | - Dominik Ganser
- Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, Zurich, CH-8046, Switzerland.,University of Bern, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - G Arjen de Groot
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Dave Goulson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Heather Grab
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | - Hannah Hamilton
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Felix Herzog
- Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, Zurich, CH-8046, Switzerland
| | - Rufus Isaacs
- Department of Entomology and EEBB Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Katja Jacot
- Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, Zurich, CH-8046, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Jeanneret
- Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, Zurich, CH-8046, Switzerland
| | - Mattias Jonsson
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7044, Uppsala, 75007, Sweden
| | - Eva Knop
- Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, Zurich, CH-8046, Switzerland.,University of Bern, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Claire Kremen
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, & Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Douglas A Landis
- Department of Entomology and Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Gregory M Loeb
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | - Lorenzo Marini
- DAFNAE, University of Padova, viale dell'Università 16, Padova, 35020, Italy
| | - Megan McKerchar
- Institute of Science & the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | - Lora Morandin
- Pollinator Partnership, 475 Sansome Street, 17th Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94111, USA
| | - Sonja C Pfister
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstr. 7, Landau, D-76829, Germany
| | - Simon G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Reading University, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Maj Rundlöf
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 223 62, Sweden
| | - Hillary Sardiñas
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Amber Sciligo
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Carsten Thies
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eric Venturini
- Wild Blueberry Commission of Maine, 5784 York Complex, Suite 52, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Eve Veromann
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51006, Estonia
| | - Ines M G Vollhardt
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix Wäckers
- Lancaster Environnent Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Kimiora Ward
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Graduate Group in Ecology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Duncan B Westbury
- Institute of Science & the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | - Andrew Wilby
- Lancaster Environnent Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Megan Woltz
- Department of Entomology and Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Steve Wratten
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Louis Sutter
- Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, Zurich, CH-8046, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cunningham-Minnick MJ, Peters VE, Crist TO. Bee communities and pollination services in adjacent crop fields following flower removal in an invasive forest shrub. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e02078. [PMID: 31971650 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The habitat boundaries between crops and seminatural areas influence bee movements and pollination services to crops. Edges also provide favorable conditions for invasive plants, which may usurp pollinators and reduce visitation to native or crop plants. Alternatively, floral displays of alien plants may facilitate, or increase, the pollination success of adjacent plants by attracting more pollinators to the area. Therefore, pollination services of bees from seminatural habitats to crop areas should vary with the presence of invasive floral resources and distance from habitat edges. To test the hypothesis that floral resources of invasive forest shrubs affect the bee community and pollination services in adjacent crop fields, we conducted a 2-yr field experiment along forest-crop edges at five isolated forest remnants. We removed flower buds from a dominant invasive shrub, Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle), along forest-crop edges and paired removals with controls of intact flowers. The bee community, their pollination services, and flower visitation rates were quantified along a 200-m gradient into an adjacent crop field using pan traps and sentinel cucumber plants. Impacts to the bee community were dependent of bee functional traits. Larger bees visited fewer sentinel cucumber flowers in flower removal plots, which corresponded with decreased cucumber pollination compared to plots with honeysuckle flowers at distances >100 m from forest edges. Small-bodied and weaker flying bees visited sentinel plants more frequently closer to the forest edge and increased pollination services to cucumber at distances <100 m from L. maackii shrubs in flower removal plots. After 2 yr, bee abundance and species richness increased within flower removal plots across all distances. High functional diversity of the bee community increased pollination services to sentinel plants and increased cucumber production within 200 m from forest remnants. Our findings suggest that dense floral resources of invasive shrubs suppressed forest-edge bee communities and their pollination services, but also attracted large-bodied generalist bees, which were effective pollinators. This study helps explain how life histories and functional attributes of bees can predict either facilitation or suppression of pollination services to crop or native plants in response to invasive floral resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Valerie E Peters
- Department of Biology, Miami University, 212 Pearson Hall, 700 East High Street, Oxford, Ohio, 45056, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Kentucky University, 3238 Science, 521 Lancaster Avenue, Richmond, Kentucky, 40475, USA
| | - Thomas O Crist
- Department of Biology, Miami University, 212 Pearson Hall, 700 East High Street, Oxford, Ohio, 45056, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Catarino R, Bretagnolle V, Perrot T, Vialloux F, Gaba S. Bee pollination outperforms pesticides for oilseed crop production and profitability. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191550. [PMID: 31594515 PMCID: PMC6790783 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature-based agriculture that reduces dependency on chemical inputs requires using ecological principles for sustainable agro-ecosystems, aiming to balance ecology, economics and social justice. There is growing evidence that pollinator-dependent crops with high insect, particularly bee, pollination service can give higher yields. However, the interacting effects between insect pollination and agricultural inputs on crop yields and farm economics remain to be established to reconcile food production with biodiversity conservation. We quantified individual and combined effects of pesticides, insect pollination and soil quality on oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) yield and gross margin, using a total of 294 farmers' fields surveyed between 2013 and 2016. We show that yield and gross margins are greater (15-40%) in fields with higher pollinator abundance than in fields with reduced pollinator abundance. This effect is, however, strongly reduced by pesticide use. Greater yields may be achieved by either increasing agrochemicals or increasing bee abundance, but crop economic returns were only increased by the latter, because pesticides did not increase yields while their costs reduced gross margins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Catarino
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS and Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Vincent Bretagnolle
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS and Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
- LTSER ‘Zone Atelier Plaine and Val de Sèvre’, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Thomas Perrot
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS and Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Fabien Vialloux
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS and Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Sabrina Gaba
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS and Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
- LTSER ‘Zone Atelier Plaine and Val de Sèvre’, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
- USC 1339, Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, INRA, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| |
Collapse
|