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Pollak U, Avniel-Aran A, Binshtok AM, Bar-Yosef O, Bronicki RA, Checchia PA, Finkelstein Y. Exploring the Possible Role of Cannabinoids in Managing Post-cardiac Surgery Complications: A Narrative Review of Preclinical Evidence and a Call for Future Research Directions. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2024; 83:537-546. [PMID: 38498618 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass often leads to complications including pain, systemic inflammation, and organ damage. Traditionally managed with opioids, these pain relief methods bring potential long-term risks, prompting the exploration of alternative treatments. The legalization of cannabis in various regions has reignited interest in cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol, known for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuroprotective properties. Historical and ongoing research acknowledges the endocannabinoid system's crucial role in managing physiological processes, suggesting that cannabinoids could offer therapeutic benefits in postsurgical recovery. Specifically, cannabidiol has shown promise in managing pain, moderating immune responses, and mitigating ischemia/reperfusion injury, underscoring its potential in postoperative care. However, the translation of these findings into clinical practice faces challenges, highlighting the need for extensive research to establish effective, safe cannabinoid-based therapies for patients undergoing open-heart surgery. This narrative review advocates for a balanced approach, considering both the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids and the complexities of their integration into clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Pollak
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adi Avniel-Aran
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alexander M Binshtok
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Omer Bar-Yosef
- Pediatric Neurology and Child Development, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronald A Bronicki
- Department of Pediatrics, Critical Care Medicine and Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Paul A Checchia
- Department of Pediatrics, Critical Care Medicine and Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Yaron Finkelstein
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Abdallah DM, Kamal MM, Aly NES, El-Abhar HS. Anandamide modulates WNT-5A/BCL-2, IP3/NFATc1, and HMGB1/NF-κB trajectories to protect against mercuric chloride-induced acute kidney injury. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11899. [PMID: 37488162 PMCID: PMC10366223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38659-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) has a physiological role in regulating renal blood flow, whereas its analogs ameliorated renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Nonetheless, the role of AEA against mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced renal toxicity has not been unraveled. Rats were allocated into control, HgCl2, and HgCl2/AEA treated groups. The administration of AEA quelled the HgCl2-mediated increase in inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1). The endocannabinoid also signified its anti-inflammatory potential by turning off the inflammatory cascade evidenced by the suppression of high mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB1), receptor of glycated end products (RAGE), nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB), and unexpectedly PPAR-γ. Additionally, the aptitude of AEA to inhibit malondialdehyde and boost glutathione points to its antioxidant capacity. Moreover, AEA by enhancing the depleted renal WNT-5A and reducing cystatin-C and KIM-1 (two kidney function parameters) partly verified its anti-apoptotic capacity, confirmed by inhibiting caspase-3 and increasing B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2). The beneficial effect of AEA was mirrored by the improved architecture and kidney function evidenced by the reduction in cystatin-C, KIM-1, creatinine, BUN, and caspase1-induced activated IL-18. In conclusion, our results verify the reno-protective potential of AEA against HgCl2-induced kidney injury by its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic capacities by modulating WNT-5A/BCL-2, IP3/NFATC1, HMGB-1/RAGE/NF-κB, caspase-1/IL-18, and caspase-3/BCL-2 cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalaal M Abdallah
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud M Kamal
- Research Institute of Medical Entomology, General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nour Eldin S Aly
- Research Institute of Medical Entomology, General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan S El-Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt (FUE), Cairo, 11835, Egypt
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3
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Naik AS, Brosius FC. Cannabinoid Signaling in the Diabetic Proximal Tubule: Of Mice and Men. Am J Kidney Dis 2023; 81:110-113. [PMID: 36126758 PMCID: PMC9780186 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit S Naik
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Frank C Brosius
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
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Ghasemi-Gojani E, Kovalchuk I, Kovalchuk O. Cannabinoids and terpenes for diabetes mellitus and its complications: from mechanisms to new therapies. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:828-849. [PMID: 36280497 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The number of people diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and its complications is markedly increasing worldwide, leading to a worldwide epidemic across all age groups, from children to older adults. Diabetes is associated with premature aging. In recent years, it has been found that peripheral overactivation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), and in particular cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) signaling, plays a crucial role in the progression of insulin resistance, diabetes (especially type 2), and its aging-related comorbidities such as atherosclerosis, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Therefore, it is suggested that peripheral blockade of CB1R may ameliorate diabetes and diabetes-related comorbidities. The use of synthetic CB1R antagonists such as rimonabant has been prohibited because of their psychiatric side effects. In contrast, phytocannabinoids such as cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), produced by cannabis, exhibit antagonistic activity on CB1R signaling and do not show any adverse side effects such as psychoactive effects, depression, or anxiety, thereby serving as potential candidates for the treatment of diabetes and its complications. In addition to these phytocannabinoids, cannabis also produces a substantial number of other phytocannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids with therapeutic potential against insulin resistance, diabetes, and its complications. In this review, the pathogenesis of diabetes, its complications, and the potential to use cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids for its treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K3M4, Canada.
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K3M4, Canada.
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Lysophosphatidylinositol Induced Morphological Changes and Stress Fiber Formation through the GPR55-RhoA-ROCK Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810932. [PMID: 36142844 PMCID: PMC9504244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) functions as an endogenous agonist of GPR55, a novel cannabinoid receptor. However, the physiological roles of LPI-GPR55 have not yet been elucidated in detail. In the present study, we found that LPI induced morphological changes in GPR55-expressing HEK293 cells. LPI induced the cell rounding of GPR55-expressing HEK293 cells but not of empty-vector-transfected cells. LPI also induced the activation of small GTP-binding protein RhoA and increased stress fiber formation in GPR55-expressing HEK293 cells. The inhibition of RhoA and Rho kinase ROCK by the C3 exoenzyme and the ROCK inhibitor reduced LPI-induced cell rounding and stress fiber formation. These results clearly indicated that the LPI-induced morphological changes and the assembly of the cytoskeletons were mediated through the GPR55-RhoA-ROCK pathway.
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Hinden L, Ahmad M, Hamad S, Nemirovski A, Szanda G, Glasmacher S, Kogot-Levin A, Abramovitch R, Thorens B, Gertsch J, Leibowitz G, Tam J. Opposite physiological and pathological mTORC1-mediated roles of the CB1 receptor in regulating renal tubular function. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1783. [PMID: 35379807 PMCID: PMC8980033 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in the renal proximal tubular cells (RPTCs) contributes to the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the CB1R/mTORC1 signaling axis in the kidney has not been described yet. We show here that hyperglycemia-induced endocannabinoid/CB1R stimulation increased mTORC1 activity, enhancing the transcription of the facilitative glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and leading to the development of DKD in mice; this effect was ameliorated by specific RPTCs ablation of GLUT2. Conversely, CB1R maintained the normal activity of mTORC1 by preventing the cellular excess of amino acids during normoglycemia. Our findings highlight a novel molecular mechanism by which the activation of mTORC1 in RPTCs is tightly controlled by CB1R, either by enhancing the reabsorption of glucose and inducing kidney dysfunction in diabetes or by preventing amino acid uptake and maintaining normal kidney function in healthy conditions. Renal proximal tubules modulate whole-body homeostasis by sensing various nutrients. Here the authors describe the existence and importance of a unique CB1/mTORC1/GLUT2 signaling axis in regulating nutrient homeostasis in healthy and diseased kidney.
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Sharma M, Singh V, Sharma R, Koul A, McCarthy ET, Savin VJ, Joshi T, Srivastava T. Glomerular Biomechanical Stress and Lipid Mediators during Cellular Changes Leading to Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020407. [PMID: 35203616 PMCID: PMC8962328 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperfiltration is an important underlying cause of glomerular dysfunction associated with several systemic and intrinsic glomerular conditions leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). These include obesity, diabetes, hypertension, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), congenital abnormalities and reduced renal mass (low nephron number). Hyperfiltration-associated biomechanical forces directly impact the cell membrane, generating tensile and fluid flow shear stresses in multiple segments of the nephron. Ongoing research suggests these biomechanical forces as the initial mediators of hyperfiltration-induced deterioration of podocyte structure and function leading to their detachment and irreplaceable loss from the glomerular filtration barrier. Membrane lipid-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their metabolites are potent transducers of biomechanical stress from the cell surface to intracellular compartments. Omega-6 and ω-3 long-chain PUFA from membrane phospholipids generate many versatile and autacoid oxylipins that modulate pro-inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory autocrine and paracrine signaling. We advance the idea that lipid signaling molecules, related enzymes, metabolites and receptors are not just mediators of cellular stress but also potential targets for developing novel interventions. With the growing emphasis on lifestyle changes for wellness, dietary fatty acids are potential adjunct-therapeutics to minimize/treat hyperfiltration-induced progressive glomerular damage and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukut Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA;
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.K.); (V.J.S.); (T.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 66160, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-816-861-4700 (ext. 58222)
| | - Vikas Singh
- Neurology, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA;
| | - Ram Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA;
| | - Arnav Koul
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.K.); (V.J.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Ellen T. McCarthy
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 66160, USA;
| | - Virginia J. Savin
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.K.); (V.J.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
| | - Tarak Srivastava
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.K.); (V.J.S.); (T.S.)
- Section of Nephrology, Children’s Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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8
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Humphries TLR, Shen K, Iyer A, Johnson DW, Gobe GC, Nikolic-Paterson D, Fairlie DP, Vesey DA. PAR2-Induced Tissue Factor Synthesis by Primary Cultures of Human Kidney Tubular Epithelial Cells Is Modified by Glucose Availability. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147532. [PMID: 34299151 PMCID: PMC8304776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulopathies common to patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are not fully understood. Fibrin deposits in the kidney suggest the local presence of clotting factors including tissue factor (TF). In this study, we investigated the effect of glucose availability on the synthesis of TF by cultured human kidney tubular epithelial cells (HTECs) in response to activation of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2). PAR2 activation by peptide 2f-LIGRLO-NH2 (2F, 2 µM) enhanced the synthesis and secretion of active TF (~45 kDa) which was blocked by a PAR2 antagonist (I-191). Treatment with 2F also significantly increased the consumption of glucose from the cell medium and lactate secretion. Culturing HTECs in 25 mM glucose enhanced TF synthesis and secretion over 5 mM glucose, while addition of 5 mM 2-deoxyglucose (2DOG) significantly decreased TF synthesis and reduced its molecular weight (~40 kDa). Blocking glycosylation with tunicamycin also reduced 2F-induced TF synthesis while reducing its molecular weight (~36 kDa). In conclusion, PAR2-induced TF synthesis in HTECs is enhanced by culture in high concentrations of glucose and suppressed by inhibiting either PAR2 activation (I-191), glycolysis (2DOG) or glycosylation (tunicamycin). These results may help explain how elevated concentrations of glucose promote clotting abnormities in diabetic kidney disease. The application of PAR2 antagonists to treat CKD should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone L. R. Humphries
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Faulty of Medicine, The University of Queensland at the Princess Alexandra, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (T.L.R.H.); (K.S.); (D.W.J.); (G.C.G.)
| | - Kunyu Shen
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Faulty of Medicine, The University of Queensland at the Princess Alexandra, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (T.L.R.H.); (K.S.); (D.W.J.); (G.C.G.)
| | - Abishek Iyer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (D.P.F.)
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David W. Johnson
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Faulty of Medicine, The University of Queensland at the Princess Alexandra, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (T.L.R.H.); (K.S.); (D.W.J.); (G.C.G.)
- Department of Nephrology, The University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Glenda C. Gobe
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Faulty of Medicine, The University of Queensland at the Princess Alexandra, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (T.L.R.H.); (K.S.); (D.W.J.); (G.C.G.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland at the Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David Nikolic-Paterson
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre and Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia;
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (D.P.F.)
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David A. Vesey
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Translational Research Institute, Faulty of Medicine, The University of Queensland at the Princess Alexandra, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (T.L.R.H.); (K.S.); (D.W.J.); (G.C.G.)
- Department of Nephrology, The University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3443-8013
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9
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Hinden L, Kogot-Levin A, Tam J, Leibowitz G. Pathogenesis of diabesity-induced kidney disease: role of kidney nutrient sensing. FEBS J 2021; 289:901-921. [PMID: 33630415 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes kidney disease (DKD) is a major healthcare problem associated with increased risk for developing end-stage kidney disease and high mortality. It is widely accepted that DKD is primarily a glomerular disease. Recent findings however suggest that kidney proximal tubule cells (KPTCs) may play a central role in the pathophysiology of DKD. In diabetes and obesity, KPTCs are exposed to nutrient overload, including glucose, free-fatty acids and amino acids, which dysregulate nutrient and energy sensing by mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 and AMP-activated protein kinase, with subsequent induction of tubular injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Pharmacological treatments that modulate nutrient sensing and signaling in KPTCs, including cannabinoid-1 receptor antagonists and sodium glucose transporter 2 inhibitors, exert robust kidney protective effects. Shedding light on how nutrients are sensed and metabolized in KPTCs and in other kidney domains, and on their effects on signal transduction pathways that mediate kidney injury, is important for understanding the pathophysiology of DKD and for the development of novel therapeutic approaches in DKD and probably also in other forms of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liad Hinden
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aviram Kogot-Levin
- Diabetes Unit and Endocrine Service, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gil Leibowitz
- Diabetes Unit and Endocrine Service, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Baraghithy S, Soae Y, Assaf D, Hinden L, Udi S, Drori A, Gabet Y, Tam J. Renal Proximal Tubule Cell Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Regulates Bone Remodeling and Mass via a Kidney-to-Bone Axis. Cells 2021; 10:414. [PMID: 33671138 PMCID: PMC7922053 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The renal proximal tubule cells (RPTCs), well-known for maintaining glucose and mineral homeostasis, play a critical role in the regulation of kidney function and bone remodeling. Deterioration in RPTC function may therefore lead to the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and osteoporosis. Previously, we have shown that the cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) modulates both kidney function as well as bone remodeling and mass via its direct role in RPTCs and bone cells, respectively. Here we employed genetic and pharmacological approaches that target CB1R, and found that its specific nullification in RPTCs preserves bone mass and remodeling both under normo- and hyper-glycemic conditions, and that its chronic blockade prevents the development of diabetes-induced bone loss. These protective effects of negatively targeting CB1R specifically in RPTCs were associated with its ability to modulate erythropoietin (EPO) synthesis, a hormone known to affect bone mass and remodeling. Our findings highlight a novel molecular mechanism by which CB1R in RPTCs remotely regulates skeletal homeostasis via a kidney-to-bone axis that involves EPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saja Baraghithy
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (S.B.); (Y.S.); (D.A.); (L.H.); (S.U.); (A.D.)
| | - Yael Soae
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (S.B.); (Y.S.); (D.A.); (L.H.); (S.U.); (A.D.)
| | - Dekel Assaf
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (S.B.); (Y.S.); (D.A.); (L.H.); (S.U.); (A.D.)
| | - Liad Hinden
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (S.B.); (Y.S.); (D.A.); (L.H.); (S.U.); (A.D.)
| | - Shiran Udi
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (S.B.); (Y.S.); (D.A.); (L.H.); (S.U.); (A.D.)
| | - Adi Drori
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (S.B.); (Y.S.); (D.A.); (L.H.); (S.U.); (A.D.)
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel;
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (S.B.); (Y.S.); (D.A.); (L.H.); (S.U.); (A.D.)
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11
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Type 2 Diabetes Alters Vascular Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Expression, Phosphorylation Status, and Vasorelaxation in Rat Aorta. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214948. [PMID: 33114620 PMCID: PMC7662259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested a role of the endocannabinoid system in metabolic diseases, such as diabetes. We investigated the effect of diabetes on cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) expression and cannabinoid-induced vasorelaxation in rat aorta rings. Aortas from healthy rats and from rats with experimentally induced diabetes were used to compare the vasorelaxant effect of the cannabinoid agonist arachidonylcyclopropylamide (ACPA) and CB1 expression and localization. After 4–8 weeks of diabetes induction, CB1 receptor expression and CB1 phosphorylation were higher in aortic rings, in association with greater vasorelaxation induced by the CB1 agonist ACPA compared to healthy rats. The vasorelaxant effect observed in healthy rats is similar throughout the study. Further studies are needed to elucidate the implications of CB1 receptor overexpression in diabetes and its influence on the progression of the cardiovascular complications of this metabolic disease.
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12
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Zhang J, Dong XJ, Ding MR, You CY, Lin X, Wang Y, Wu MJY, Xu GF, Wang GD. Resveratrol decreases high glucose‑induced apoptosis in renal tubular cells via suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4367-4375. [PMID: 33000199 PMCID: PMC7533457 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the second most common complication of diabetes mellitus after cardiovascular complications. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is known to be associated with DN. Resveratrol (RSV) exhibits anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to investigate the role of RSV in the inhibition of high concentration glucose (HG)-induced apoptosis in renal tubular cells, as well as to examine the protective effects of RSV against diabetes-mediated renal damage via inhibition of ER stress in DN. RSV was orally administered to diabetic db/db mice once a day for 12 consecutive weeks. Compared with untreated db/db mice, treating db/db mice with RSV significantly decreased urine albumin excretion and the urine albumin to creatinine ratio, and attenuated renal histopathological injury. Furthermore, RSV treatment resulted in decreased expression levels of glucose-regulated protein of 78 kDa and C/EBP-homologous protein (two ER stress markers) and caspase12 in murine kidneys. RSV administration also inhibited the apoptosis of NRK-52E cells and activation of the ER stress signal transduction pathway induced by HG treatment in vitro. Collectively, the present results indicated that RSV protected renal tubular cells against HG-induced apoptosis in DN by suppressing ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Xiong-Jun Dong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Ru Ding
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro‑Molecules, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Yu You
- Department of Nephrology, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Medical Imaging, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Miao-Jie-Yang Wu
- School of Medical Imaging, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Fei Xu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro‑Molecules, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Dong Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro‑Molecules, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
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13
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Hartman RE, Rao PSS, Churchwell MD, Lewis SJ. Novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:1277-1293. [PMID: 32799584 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1811231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) involves multifaceted pathophysiology which increases the risk of cardiorenal events and mortality. Conventional therapy is limited to renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibition and management of hyperglycemia and hypertension. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated promising nephroprotective effects of antihyperglycemic agents thus modifying guideline treatment recommendations for type 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease. AREAS OF COVERED Relevant studies and clinical trials were searched via PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov through August 2020. Authors offer an update on clinical evidence regarding nephroprotective effects and side effects of sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP1) agonists and dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors. They discuss the potential benefits of novel therapy targeting DKD pathogenic processes including inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and vasoconstriction shown in early phases of clinical trials and offer an opinion on key challenges and directions for future progress. EXPERT OPINION SGLT2 inhibitors are the most promising agents for DKD and improving cardiorenal outcomes. Mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonists and janus kinase inhibitors are also promising investigational therapies that target oxidative stress, nitric oxide synthesis, and inflammation. Novel therapeutic targets and the identification of clinically useful biomarkers may provide future therapies that detect early stages of DKD enabling a slower kidney function decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P S S Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Findlay , Findlay, OH, USA
| | | | - Susan J Lewis
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Findlay , Findlay, OH, USA
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14
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Pham MN, Hudnall MT, Nadler RB. Marijuana, Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, and Pain in the Urologic Patient. Urology 2020; 139:8-13. [PMID: 32027882 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe marijuana's clinical role for urologic symptoms. METHODS Studies related to marijuana, voiding dysfunction, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and pain through January 2019 from PubMed were evaluated for relevance and quality. RESULTS Forty-eight studies were reviewed. Cannabinoids have mixed efficacy for neurogenic LUTS and little evidence for non-neurogenic LUTS, chronic non-cancer-related and perioperative pain. For cancer-related pain, high-level studies demonstrate cannabinoids are well-tolerated with unclear benefit. CONCLUSION Cannabinoids appear well-tolerated in the short-term, but their efficacy and long-term impact is unproven and unknown in urologic discomfort. Cannabinoids for urologic symptoms should be further explored with well-designed randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh N Pham
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Matthew T Hudnall
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Robert B Nadler
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
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15
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Udi S, Hinden L, Ahmad M, Drori A, Iyer MR, Cinar R, Herman-Edelstein M, Tam J. Dual inhibition of cannabinoid CB 1 receptor and inducible NOS attenuates obesity-induced chronic kidney disease. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 177:110-127. [PMID: 31454063 PMCID: PMC6976880 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Obesity, an important risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD), affects the kidneys by two main molecular signalling pathways: the endocannabinoid/CB1 receptor system, whose activation in obesity promotes renal inflammation, fibrosis, and injury, and the inducible NOS (iNOS), which generates ROS resulting in oxidative stress. Hence, a compound that inhibits both peripheral CB1 receptors and iNOS may serve as an effective therapeutic agent against obesity‐induced CKD. Experimental Approach Here, we describe the effect of a novel peripherally restricted, orally bioavailable dual CB1 receptor/iNOS antagonist, MRI‐1867 (3 mg·kg−1), in ameliorating obesity‐induced CKD, and compared its metabolic and renal efficacies to a stand‐alone peripheral CB1 receptor antagonist (JD5037; 3 mg·kg−1), iNOS antagonist (1400W; 10 mg·kg−1), and pair feeding. Mice with high‐fat diet‐induced obesity were treated orally with these compounds or vehicle (Veh) for 28 days. Standard diet‐fed mice treated with Veh served as controls. Key Results Enhanced expression of CB1 receptors and iNOS in renal tubules was found in human kidney patients with obesity and other CKDs. The hybrid inhibitor ameliorated obesity‐induced kidney morphological and functional changes via decreasing kidney inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and renal injury. Some of these features were independent of the improved metabolic profile mediated via inhibition of CB1 receptors. An additional interesting finding is that these beneficial effects on the kidney were partially associated with modulating renal adiponectin signalling. Conclusions and Implications Collectively, our results highlight the therapeutic relevance of blocking CB1 receptors and iNOS in ameliorating obesity‐induced CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Udi
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Liad Hinden
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Majdoleen Ahmad
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adi Drori
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Malliga R Iyer
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michal Herman-Edelstein
- Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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16
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Islam MN, Griffin TP, Sander E, Rocks S, Qazi J, Cabral J, McCaul J, McMorrow T, Griffin MD. Human mesenchymal stromal cells broadly modulate high glucose-induced inflammatory responses of renal proximal tubular cell monolayers. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:329. [PMID: 31744554 PMCID: PMC6862760 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTEC) are dysfunctional in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) may modulate DKD pathogenesis through anti-inflammatory mediators. This study aimed to investigate the pro-inflammatory effect of extended exposure to high glucose (HG) concentration on stable RPTEC monolayers and the influence of MSC on this response. METHODS Morphologically stable human RPTEC/TERT1 cell monolayers were exposed to 5 mM and 30 mM (HG) D-glucose or to 5 mM D-glucose + 25 mM D-mannitol (MAN) for 5 days with sequential immunoassays of supernatants and end-point transcriptomic analysis by RNA sequencing. Under the same conditions, MSC-conditioned media (MSC-CM) or MSC-containing transwells were added for days 4-5. Effects of CM from HG- and MAN-exposed RPTEC/MSC co-cultures on cytokine secretion by monocyte-derived macrophages were determined. RESULTS After 72-80 h, HG resulted in increased RPTEC/TERT1 release of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). The HG pro-inflammatory effect was attenuated by concentrated (10×) MSC-CM and, to a greater extent, by MSC transwell co-culture. Bioinformatics analysis of RNA sequencing data confirmed a predominant effect of HG on inflammation-related mediators and biological processes/KEGG pathways in RPTEC/TERT1 stable monolayers as well as the non-contact-dependent anti-inflammatory effect of MSC. Finally, CM from HG-exposed RPTEC/MSC transwell co-cultures was associated with attenuated secretion of inflammatory mediators by macrophages compared to CM from HG-stimulated RPTEC alone. CONCLUSIONS Stable RPTEC monolayers demonstrate delayed pro-inflammatory response to HG that is attenuated by close proximity to human MSC. In DKD, this MSC effect has potential to modulate hyperglycemia-associated RPTEC/macrophage cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nahidul Islam
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, REMEDI, Biomedical Sciences, Corrib Village, Dangan, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Tomás P Griffin
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, REMEDI, Biomedical Sciences, Corrib Village, Dangan, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth Sander
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, REMEDI, Biomedical Sciences, Corrib Village, Dangan, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Stephanie Rocks
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, REMEDI, Biomedical Sciences, Corrib Village, Dangan, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Junaid Qazi
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, REMEDI, Biomedical Sciences, Corrib Village, Dangan, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Joana Cabral
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, REMEDI, Biomedical Sciences, Corrib Village, Dangan, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Jasmin McCaul
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tara McMorrow
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew D Griffin
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, REMEDI, Biomedical Sciences, Corrib Village, Dangan, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.
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17
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Dao M, Lecru L, Vandermeersch S, Ferreira M, Ferlicot S, Posseme K, Dürrbach A, Hermeziu B, Mussini C, Chatziantoniou C, François H. The cannabinoid receptor 1 is involved in renal fibrosis during chronic allograft dysfunction: Proof of concept. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7279-7288. [PMID: 31469511 PMCID: PMC6815790 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD), defined as the replacement of functional renal tissue by extracellular matrix proteins, remains the first cause of graft loss. The aim of our study was to explore the potential role of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) during CAD. We retrospectively quantified CB1 expression and correlated it with renal fibrosis in 26 kidney‐transplanted patients who underwent serial routine kidney biopsies. Whereas CB1 expression was low in normal kidney grafts, it was highly expressed during CAD, especially in tubular cells. CB1 expression significantly increased early on after transplantation, from day 0 (D0) to month 3 post‐transplant (M3) (22.5% ± 15.4% vs 33.4% ± 13.8%, P < .01), and it remained stable thereafter. CB1 expression correlated with renal fibrosis at M3 (P = .04). In an in vitro model of tacrolimus‐mediated fibrogenesis by tubular cells, we found that tacrolimus treatment significantly induced mRNA and protein expression of CB1 concomitantly to col3a1 and col4a3 up regulation. Administration of rimonabant, a CB1 antagonist, blunted collagen synthesis by tubular cells (P < .05). Overall, our study strongly suggests an involvement of the cannabinoid system in the progression of fibrosis during CAD and indicates the therapeutic potential of CB1 antagonists in this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Dao
- Inserm UMR_S 1155, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France.,APHP, Service de Néphrologie Adulte, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Sophie Ferlicot
- AP-HP, Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Katia Posseme
- AP-HP, Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Antoine Dürrbach
- AP-HP, Service de Néphrologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Bogdan Hermeziu
- AP-HP, Service d'Hépatologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Charlotte Mussini
- AP-HP, Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Hélène François
- Inserm UMR_S 1155, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Unité de Néphrologie et de Transplantation rénale, Hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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18
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Ruiz de Azua I, Lutz B. Multiple endocannabinoid-mediated mechanisms in the regulation of energy homeostasis in brain and peripheral tissues. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1341-1363. [PMID: 30599065 PMCID: PMC11105297 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2994-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid (eCB) system is widely expressed in many central and peripheral tissues, and is involved in a plethora of physiological processes. Among these, activity of the eCB system promotes energy intake and storage, which, however, under pathophysiological conditions, can favour the development of obesity and obesity-related disorders. It is proposed that eCB signalling is evolutionary beneficial for survival under periods of scarce food resources. Remarkably, eCB signalling is increased both in hunger and in overnutrition conditions, such as obesity and type-2 diabetes. This apparent paradox suggests a role of the eCB system both at initiation and at clinical endpoint of obesity. This review will focus on recent findings about the role of the eCB system controlling whole-body metabolism in mice that are genetically modified selectively in different cell types. The current data in fact support the notion that eCB signalling is not only engaged in the development but also in the maintenance of obesity, whereby specific cell types in central and peripheral tissues are key sites in regulating the entire body's energy homeostasis.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue/metabolism
- Animals
- Brain/metabolism
- Endocannabinoids/metabolism
- Energy Metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Inigo Ruiz de Azua
- German Resilience Center (DRZ) and Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Beat Lutz
- German Resilience Center (DRZ) and Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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19
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Chua JT, Argueta DA, DiPatrizio NV, Kovesdy CP, Vaziri ND, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Moradi H. Endocannabinoid System and the Kidneys: From Renal Physiology to Injury and Disease. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2019; 4:10-20. [PMID: 31346545 PMCID: PMC6653784 DOI: 10.1089/can.2018.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: As the prevalence of kidney disease continues to rise worldwide, there is accumulating evidence that kidney injury and dysfunction, whether acute or chronic, is associated with major adverse outcomes, including mortality. Meanwhile, effective therapeutic options in the treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been sparse. Many of the effective treatments that are routinely utilized for different pathologies in patients without kidney disease have failed to demonstrate efficacy in those with renal dysfunction. Hence, there is an urgent need for discovery of novel pathways that can be targeted for innovative and effective clinical therapies in renal disease states. Discussion: There is now accumulating evidence that the endocannabinoid (EC) system plays a prominent role in normal renal homeostasis and function. In addition, numerous recent studies have described mechanisms through which alteration in the EC system can contribute to kidney damage and disease. These include a potential role for cannabinoid receptors in tubulo-glomerular damage and fibrosis, which are common features of AKI, interstitial nephritis, glomerulopathy, and other conditions leading to AKI and CKD. Conclusion: These findings suggest that manipulating the EC system may be an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of kidney disease and injury. However, further mechanistic studies are needed to fully delineate the role of this system in various conditions affecting the kidneys. Furthermore, while most of the current literature is focused on the role of the EC system as a whole in renal pathophysiology, future studies will also need to clarify the contribution of each component of this system, including the EC mediators, in the pathogenesis of kidney disease and their potential role as part of a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice T. Chua
- University of California–Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, California
| | - Donovan A. Argueta
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Nicholas V. DiPatrizio
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Csaba P. Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
- Nephrology Section, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- University of California–Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, California
- Nephrology Section, Tibor Rubin Veteran Affairs Health System, Long Beach, California
| | - Hamid Moradi
- University of California–Irvine, School of Medicine, Orange, California
- Nephrology Section, Tibor Rubin Veteran Affairs Health System, Long Beach, California
- Address correspondence to: Hamid Moradi, MD, Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine, Tibor Rubin Veteran Affairs Health System, 5901 E. 7th Street, Long Beach, CA 90822,
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20
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Jourdan T, Park JK, Varga ZV, Pálóczi J, Coffey NJ, Rosenberg AZ, Godlewski G, Cinar R, Mackie K, Pacher P, Kunos G. Cannabinoid-1 receptor deletion in podocytes mitigates both glomerular and tubular dysfunction in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:698-708. [PMID: 29106063 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the specific role of podocyte-expressed cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1 R) in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN), relative to CB1 R in other renal cell types. MATERIAL AND METHODS We developed a mouse model with a podocyte-specific deletion of CB1 R (pCB1Rko) and challenged this model with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type-1 DN. We also assessed the podocyte response to high glucose in vitro and its effects on CB1 R activation. RESULTS High glucose exposure for 48 hours led to an increase in CB1 R gene expression (CNR1) and endocannabinoid production in cultured human podocytes. This was associated with podocyte injury, reflected by decreased podocin and nephrin expression. These changes could be prevented by Cnr1-silencing, thus identifying CB1R as a key player in podocyte injury. After 12 weeks of chronic hyperglycaemia, STZ-treated pCB1Rko mice showed elevated blood glucose similar to that of their wild-type littermates. However, they displayed less albuminuria and less podocyte loss than STZ-treated wild-type mice. Unexpectedly, pCB1Rko mice also have milder tubular dysfunction, fibrosis and reduction of cortical microcirculation compared to wild-type controls, which is mediated, in part, by podocyte-derived endocannabinoids acting via CB1 R on proximal tubular cells. CONCLUSIONS Activation of CB1 R in podocytes contributes to both glomerular and tubular dysfunction in type-1 DN, which highlights the therapeutic potential of peripheral CB1 R blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Jourdan
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joshua K Park
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, NIH/NIAAA, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - János Pálóczi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, NIH/NIAAA, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nathan J Coffey
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Avi Z Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Kidney Diseases Section, National Institute on Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Grzegorz Godlewski
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ken Mackie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, NIH/NIAAA, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
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21
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Tam J, Hinden L, Drori A, Udi S, Azar S, Baraghithy S. The therapeutic potential of targeting the peripheral endocannabinoid/CB 1 receptor system. Eur J Intern Med 2018; 49:23-29. [PMID: 29336868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are internal lipid mediators recognized by the cannabinoid-1 and -2 receptors (CB1R and CB2R, respectively), which also mediate the different physiological effects of marijuana. The endocannabinoid system, consisting of eCBs, their receptors, and the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis and degradation, is present in a vast number of peripheral organs. In this review we describe the role of the eCB/CB1R system in modulating the metabolism in several peripheral organs. We assess how eCBs, via activating the CB1R, contribute to obesity and regulate food intake. In addition, we describe their roles in modulating liver and kidney functions, as well as bone remodeling and mass. Special importance is given to emphasizing the efficacy of the recently developed peripherally restricted CB1R antagonists, which were pre-clinically tested in the management of energy homeostasis, and in ameliorating both obesity- and diabetes-induced metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel.
| | - Liad Hinden
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Adi Drori
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Shiran Udi
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Shahar Azar
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Saja Baraghithy
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to examine and summarize studies assessing the relevance of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). RECENT FINDINGS Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid receptors of type 1 (CB1R) and of type 2 (CB2R) are present in the normal kidney. Expression of CB1R and CB2R is altered in experimental DKD. Studies in experimental animals and cultured kidney cells show a beneficial effect of peripheral CB1R blockade and CB2R activation in DKD and an even greater efficacy of a combined treatment. Preclinical studies confirm that both CB1R and CB2R are implicated in the pathogenesis of DKD and may represent novel targets for treatment. However, we need to gain a better understanding of the ECS prior to move to human clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Barutta
- Laboratory of Diabetic Nephropathy, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C/so Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - R Mastrocola
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - S Bellini
- Laboratory of Diabetic Nephropathy, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C/so Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - G Bruno
- Laboratory of Diabetic Nephropathy, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C/so Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriella Gruden
- Laboratory of Diabetic Nephropathy, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, C/so Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The endocannabinoid system modulates cell signaling targets that are essential for energy homeostasis. Endocannabinoids bind to G protein-coupled receptors in the central nervous system and periphery, including the kidney. Modulation of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and CB2 activity in the kidney in diabetes and obesity has been identified as potential therapeutic target to reduce albuminuria and renal fibrosis. This review will highlight the results of recent studies that have identified a role for CB1 and CB2 in normal and pathological renal conditions. RECENT FINDINGS CB1 and CB2 have been reported to play key roles in renal function and dysfunction. Recent studies have determined that antagonism of CB1 and agonism of CB2 in diabetic nephropathy and obesity associated kidney disease can reduce albuminuria, potentially by acting on both the glomeruli and tubules. Emerging studies have also identified a role for CB1 in renal diseases associated with fibrosis, with CB1 upregulated in multiple models of human nephropathies. SUMMARY Emerging studies using isolated cells, rodent models, and human studies have identified a critical role for the endocannabinoid system in renal function and disease. Thus, therapeutics that modulate the activity of CB1 and CB2 in renal disease could become clinically relevant.
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24
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Park F, Potukuchi PK, Moradi H, Kovesdy CP. Cannabinoids and the kidney: effects in health and disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F1124-F1132. [PMID: 28747360 PMCID: PMC5792153 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00290.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of cannabis and various related products (cannabinoids) for both medicinal and recreational use is gaining popularity. Furthermore, regulatory changes are fostering a cultural shift toward increasing liberalization of cannabis use, thereby increasing the likelihood of even larger numbers of individuals being exposed in the future. The two different types of receptors (CB1 and CB2) that are activated by the pharmacologically active ingredients of cannabis are found in numerous tissues, including the kidneys. Experimental studies suggest that stimulation of these receptors using pharmacologic agents or their naturally occurring ligands could have both deleterious and beneficial effects on the kidneys, depending on receptor distribution, type of renal insult, or the timing of the activation during acute or chronic states of kidney injury. To date, the mechanisms by which the CB1 or CB2 receptors are involved in the pathology of these renal conditions remain to be fully described. Furthermore, a better understanding of the impact of exocannabinoids and endocannabinoids on the renal system may lead to the development of new drugs to treat kidney disease and its complications. Given the increasing public health relevance of cannabis exposure, it is clear that more research is necessary to clarify the various physiological and pathophysiological effects of cannabis and related analogs on the kidney. This will help limit the deleterious effects of these substances while promoting their potential beneficial impact on renal function in various types of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Park
- College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Praveen K Potukuchi
- Division of Nephrology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Hamid Moradi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California-Irvine, Orange, California
- Nephrology Section, Long Beach VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California; and
| | - Csaba P Kovesdy
- Division of Nephrology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee;
- Nephrology Section, Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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25
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Hinden L, Udi S, Drori A, Gammal A, Nemirovski A, Hadar R, Baraghithy S, Permyakova A, Geron M, Cohen M, Tsytkin-Kirschenzweig S, Riahi Y, Leibowitz G, Nahmias Y, Priel A, Tam J. Modulation of Renal GLUT2 by the Cannabinoid-1 Receptor: Implications for the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 29:434-448. [PMID: 29030466 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017040371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered glucose reabsorption via the facilitative glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) during diabetes may lead to renal proximal tubule cell (RPTC) injury, inflammation, and interstitial fibrosis. These pathologies are also triggered by activating the cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R), which contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the link between CB1R and GLUT2 remains to be determined. Here, we show that chronic peripheral CB1R blockade or genetically inactivating CB1Rs in the RPTCs ameliorated diabetes-induced renal structural and functional changes, kidney inflammation, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mice. Inhibition of CB1R also downregulated GLUT2 expression, affected the dynamic translocation of GLUT2 to the brush border membrane of RPTCs, and reduced glucose reabsorption. Thus, targeting peripheral CB1R or inhibiting GLUT2 dynamics in RPTCs has the potential to treat and ameliorate DN. These findings may support the rationale for the clinical testing of peripherally restricted CB1R antagonists or the development of novel renal-specific GLUT2 inhibitors against DN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Matan Geron
- Cellular and Molecular Pain Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, and
| | - Merav Cohen
- The Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, Benin School of Computer and Science Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel; and
| | - Sabina Tsytkin-Kirschenzweig
- The Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, Benin School of Computer and Science Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel; and
| | - Yael Riahi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gil Leibowitz
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaakov Nahmias
- The Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, Benin School of Computer and Science Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel; and
| | - Avi Priel
- Cellular and Molecular Pain Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, and
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26
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Udi S, Hinden L, Earley B, Drori A, Reuveni N, Hadar R, Cinar R, Nemirovski A, Tam J. Proximal Tubular Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Regulates Obesity-Induced CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:3518-3532. [PMID: 28860163 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016101085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related structural and functional changes in the kidney develop early in the course of obesity and occur independently of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Activating the renal cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) induces nephropathy, whereas CB1R blockade improves kidney function. Whether these effects are mediated via a specific cell type within the kidney remains unknown. Here, we show that specific deletion of CB1R in the renal proximal tubule cells did not protect the mice from obesity, but markedly attenuated the obesity-induced lipid accumulation in the kidney and renal dysfunction, injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. These effects associated with increased activation of liver kinase B1 and the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase, as well as enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation. Collectively, these findings indicate that renal proximal tubule cell CB1R contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity-induced renal lipotoxicity and nephropathy by regulating the liver kinase B1/AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Udi
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Liad Hinden
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Brian Earley
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adi Drori
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Noa Reuveni
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rivka Hadar
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alina Nemirovski
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel;
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27
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Tam J. The emerging role of the endocannabinoid system in the pathogenesis and treatment of kidney diseases. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 27:267-76. [PMID: 26280171 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2015-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are endogenous lipid ligands that bind to cannabinoid receptors that also mediate the effects of marijuana. The eCB system is comprised of eCBs, anandamide, and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, their cannabinoid-1 and cannabinoid-2 receptors (CB1 and CB2, respectively), and the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis and degradation. It is present in both the central nervous system and peripheral organs including the kidney. The current review focuses on the role of the eCB system in normal kidney function and various diseases, such as diabetes and obesity, that directly contributes to the development of renal pathologies. Normally, activation of the CB1 receptor regulates renal vascular hemodynamics and stimulates the transport of ions and proteins in different nephron compartments. In various mouse and rat models of obesity and type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, eCBs generated in various renal cells activate CB1 receptors and contribute to the development of oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal fibrosis. These effects can be chronically ameliorated by CB1 receptor blockers. In contrast, activation of the renal CB2 receptors reduces the deleterious effects of these chronic diseases. Because the therapeutic potential of globally acting CB1 receptor antagonists in these conditions is limited due to their neuropsychiatric adverse effects, the recent development of peripherally restricted CB1 receptor antagonists may represent a novel pharmacological approach in treating renal diseases.
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28
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Ligresti A, De Petrocellis L, Di Marzo V. From Phytocannabinoids to Cannabinoid Receptors and Endocannabinoids: Pleiotropic Physiological and Pathological Roles Through Complex Pharmacology. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1593-659. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00002.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from having been used and misused for at least four millennia for, among others, recreational and medicinal purposes, the cannabis plant and its most peculiar chemical components, the plant cannabinoids (phytocannabinoids), have the merit to have led humanity to discover one of the most intriguing and pleiotropic endogenous signaling systems, the endocannabinoid system (ECS). This review article aims to describe and critically discuss, in the most comprehensive possible manner, the multifaceted aspects of 1) the pharmacology and potential impact on mammalian physiology of all major phytocannabinoids, and not only of the most famous one Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, and 2) the adaptive pro-homeostatic physiological, or maladaptive pathological, roles of the ECS in mammalian cells, tissues, and organs. In doing so, we have respected the chronological order of the milestones of the millennial route from medicinal/recreational cannabis to the ECS and beyond, as it is now clear that some of the early steps in this long path, which were originally neglected, are becoming important again. The emerging picture is rather complex, but still supports the belief that more important discoveries on human physiology, and new therapies, might come in the future from new knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ligresti
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Comprensorio Olivetti, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Luciano De Petrocellis
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Comprensorio Olivetti, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Comprensorio Olivetti, Pozzuoli, Italy
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29
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Zhang J, Fan Y, Zeng C, He L, Wang N. Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Attenuates Renal Tubular Injury in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8100589. [PMID: 27669287 PMCID: PMC5083977 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal tubular injury is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in diabetic nephropathy. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is an effective inhibitor of ER stress. Here, we investigated the role of TUDCA in the progression of tubular injury in DN. For eight weeks, being treated with TUDCA at 250 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) twice a day, diabetic db/db mice had significantly reduced blood glucose, albuminuria and attenuated renal histopathology. These changes were associated with a significant decreased expression of ER stress markers. At the same time, diabetic db/db mice had more TUNEL-positive nuclei in the renal tubule, which were attenuated by TUDCA treatment, along with decreases in ER stress-associated apoptotic markers in the kidneys. In summary, the effect of TUDCA on tubular injury, in part, is associated with inhibition of ER stress in the kidneys of diabetic db/db mice. TUDCA shows potential as a therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Chuchu Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Li He
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Niansong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
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30
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Moradi H, Oveisi F, Khanifar E, Moreno-Sanz G, Vaziri ND, Piomelli D. Increased Renal 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Level Is Associated with Improved Renal Function in a Mouse Model of Acute Kidney Injury. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2016; 1:218-228. [PMID: 28861493 PMCID: PMC5531066 DOI: 10.1089/can.2016.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with a significantly increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of AKI. In this study, we investigated the role of the endocannabinoid (EC) system in renal IRI using a well-established mouse model. Materials and Methods: Renal ischemia was induced in male C57BL/6 mice by clamping both kidney pedicles for 30 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion. To increase renal 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) levels, mice were pretreated with JZL184 (16 mg/kg), 30 min before IRI. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), renal tubular damage, renal content of ECs and renal expression of markers of inflammation and oxidative stress were measured. Results: Renal IRI was associated with significantly increased serum BUN and creatinine, increased tubular damage score, increased expression of renal markers of inflammation and oxidative stress and elevated renal 2-AG content. Pretreatment with JZL184 was associated with a significant increase in renal 2-AG content and there was also improved serum BUN, creatinine and tubular damage score. However, renal expression of inflammation and oxidative stress markers remained unchanged. Conclusions: This is the first report documenting that renal IRI is associated with an increase in kidney 2-AG content. Further enhancement of 2-AG levels using JZL184 improved indices of renal function and histology, but did not lower renal expression of markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms responsible for the effects observed and the potential value of 2-AG as a therapeutic target in renal IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Moradi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California.,Nephrology Section, Long Beach VA Healthcare System, Long Beach, California
| | - Fariba Oveisi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Elham Khanifar
- Long Beach Memorial Pathology Group, Long Beach, California
| | - Guillermo Moreno-Sanz
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
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31
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Briffa JF, Grinfeld E, Jenkin KA, Mathai ML, Poronnik P, McAinch AJ, Hryciw DH. Diet induced obesity in rats reduces NHE3 and Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase expression in the kidney. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 42:1118-26. [PMID: 26173747 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of a high fat diet (HFD) is associated with proteinuria and altered sodium handling and excretion, which can lead to kidney disease. In the proximal tubule, the Na(+) /H(+) Exchanger 3 (NHE3) is responsible for normal protein reabsorption and the reabsorption of approximately 70% of the renal sodium load. It is the Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase that provides the driving force for the reabsorption of sodium and its exit across the basolateral membrane. This study investigates the effects that consumption of a HFD for 12 weeks has on NHE3 and Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase expression in the kidney. Western blot analysis identified a significant reduction in NHE3 and its modulator, phosphorylated protein kinase B, in renal lysate from obese rats. In the obese rats, a reduction in NHE3 expression in the proximal tubule may impact on the acidification of endosomes which are responsible for albumin uptake, suggesting a key role for the exchanger in protein endocytosis in obesity. Western blot analysis identified a reduction in Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase which could also potentially impact on albumin uptake and sodium reabsorption. This study demonstrates that consumption of a HFD for 12 weeks reduces renal NHE3 and Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase expression, an effect that may contribute to the albuminuria associated with obesity. Furthermore the reduction in these transporters is not likely to contribute to the reduced sodium excretion in obesity. These data highlight a potential link between NHE3 and Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase in the pathophysiological changes in renal protein handling observed in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Briffa
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, St Albans, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - E Grinfeld
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - K A Jenkin
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - M L Mathai
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - P Poronnik
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A J McAinch
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - D H Hryciw
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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32
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Lysophosphatidylinositol Signalling and Metabolic Diseases. Metabolites 2016; 6:metabo6010006. [PMID: 26784247 PMCID: PMC4812335 DOI: 10.3390/metabo6010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is a chemical process used by cells to transform food-derived nutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates and fats, into chemical and thermal energy. Whenever an alteration of this process occurs, the chemical balance within the cells is impaired and this can affect their growth and response to the environment, leading to the development of a metabolic disease. Metabolic syndrome, a cluster of several metabolic risk factors such as abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, high cholesterol and high blood pressure, and atherogenic dyslipidaemia, is increasingly common in modern society. Metabolic syndrome, as well as other diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidaemia and hypertension, are associated with abnormal lipid metabolism. Cellular lipids are the major component of cell membranes; they represent also a valuable source of energy and therefore play a crucial role for both cellular and physiological energy homeostasis. In this review, we will focus on the physiological and pathophysiological roles of the lysophospholipid mediator lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) and its receptor G-protein coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) in metabolic diseases. LPI is a bioactive lipid generated by phospholipase A (PLA) family of lipases which is believed to play an important role in several diseases. Indeed LPI can affect various functions such as cell growth, differentiation and motility in a number of cell-types. Recently published data suggest that LPI plays an important role in different physiological and pathological contexts, including a role in metabolism and glucose homeostasis.
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33
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Zhou L, Xu DY, Sha WG, Shen L, Lu GY, Yin X, Wang MJ. High glucose induces renal tubular epithelial injury via Sirt1/NF-kappaB/microR-29/Keap1 signal pathway. J Transl Med 2015; 13:352. [PMID: 26552447 PMCID: PMC4640239 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0710-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication that commonly confronted by diabetic patients. A common theory for the pathogenesis of this renal dysfunction in diabetes is cell injury, inflammation as well as oxidative stress. In this content, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying high glucose induced renal tubular epithelial injury was elaborated. Methods An in vivo rat model of diabetes by injecting streptozotocin (STZ) and an in vitro high glucose incubated renal tubular epithelial cell (HK-2) model were used. Expression levels of Keap1, nuclear Nrf2 and p65 were determined by western blotting. Level of microR-29 (miR-29) was assessed using quantitative RT-PCR. Combination
of p65 and miR-29 promotor was assessed using chromatin immunoprecipitation. Keap1 3′-UTR activity was detected using luciferase reporter gene assay. Cell viability was determined using MTT assay. Results In diabetic rat, miR-29 was downregulated and its expression is negatively correlated with both of serum creatinine and creatinine clearance. In high glucose incubated HK-2 cell, deacetylases activity of Sirt1 was attenuated that leads to decreased activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). NF-κB was demonstrated to regulate miR-29 expression by directly binding to its promotor. The data of luciferase assay showed that miR-29 directly targets to Keap1 mRNA. While high glucose induced down regulation of miR-29 contributed to enhancement of Keap1 expression that finally reduced Nrf2 content by ubiquitinating Nrf2. Additionally, overexpression of miR-29 effectively relieved high glucose-reduced cell viability. Conclusion High glucose induces renal tubular epithelial injury via Sirt1/NF-κB/microR-29/Keap1 signal pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0710-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - De-Yu Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Wen-Gang Sha
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Guo-Yuan Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Xia Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Ming-Jun Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 shizi Rd., Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.
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34
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Jenkin KA, O'Keefe L, Simcocks AC, Grinfeld E, Mathai ML, McAinch AJ, Hryciw DH. Chronic administration of AM251 improves albuminuria and renal tubular structure in obese rats. J Endocrinol 2015; 225:113-24. [PMID: 25804605 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of the endocannabinoid system as an anti-obesity therapeutic is well established; however, the direct effects of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonism on renal function and structure in a model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) are unknown. The aim of this study was to characterise the renal effects of the CB1 antagonist AM251 in a model of DIO. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a low- or high-fat diet (HFD: 40% digestible energy from lipids) for 10 weeks to elicit DIO (n=9). In a different cohort, rats were fed a HFD for 15 weeks. After 9 weeks consuming a HFD, rats were injected daily for 6 weeks with 3 mg/kg AM251 (n=9) or saline via i.p. injection (n=9). After 10 weeks consuming a HFD, CB1 and megalin protein expression were significantly increased in the kidneys of obese rats. Antagonism of CB1 with AM251 significantly reduced weight gain, systolic blood pressure, plasma leptin, and reduced albuminuria and plasma creatinine levels in obese rats. Importantly, there was a significant reduction in tubular cross-section diameter in the obese rats treated with AM251. An improvement in albuminuria was likely due to the reduction in tubular size, reduced leptinaemia and maintenance of megalin expression levels. In obese rats, AM251 did not alter diastolic blood pressure, sodium excretion, creatinine clearance or expression of the fibrotic proteins VEGFA, TGFB1 and collagen IV in the kidney. This study demonstrates that treatment with CB1 antagonist AM251 improves renal outcomes in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayte A Jenkin
- College of Health and Biomedicine Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, Victoria University, St Albans Campus, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Physiology The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lannie O'Keefe
- College of Health and Biomedicine Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, Victoria University, St Albans Campus, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Physiology The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anna C Simcocks
- College of Health and Biomedicine Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, Victoria University, St Albans Campus, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Physiology The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Esther Grinfeld
- College of Health and Biomedicine Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, Victoria University, St Albans Campus, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Physiology The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Michael L Mathai
- College of Health and Biomedicine Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, Victoria University, St Albans Campus, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Physiology The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia College of Health and Biomedicine Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, Victoria University, St Albans Campus, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Physiology The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew J McAinch
- College of Health and Biomedicine Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, Victoria University, St Albans Campus, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Physiology The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Deanne H Hryciw
- College of Health and Biomedicine Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, Victoria University, St Albans Campus, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Physiology The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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