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Müller A, Schulze Bernd K, Seinige D, Braun AS, Kumm F, Kehrenberg C. Molecular characterization of Escherichia coli isolates recovered from broilers with cellulitis. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103704. [PMID: 38642485 PMCID: PMC11046064 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian cellulitis in broilers, caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli, is a major cause for carcass rejections during meat inspection, resulting in significant economic losses. In this study, we analysed E. coli isolates obtained from broiler chickens affected by cellulitis for their genetic relatedness and antimicrobial resistance phenotype and genotype. The objective was to determine whether there is a clonal spread or whether these clinical isolates differ. For this purpose, E. coli was isolated from swab samples collected from diseased broilers across 77 poultry farms in Germany, resulting in 107 isolates. These isolates were subjected to serotyping, PCR-based phylotyping and macrorestriction analysis with subsequent pulsed-field gel-electrophoresis for typing purposes. In addition, the presence of virulence genes associated with avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) was investigated by PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was examined by the disk diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines and subsequently, the presence of corresponding resistance genes was investigated by PCR. Typing results revealed that a significant proportion of the isolates belonged to serotype O78:K80, which is one of the major APEC serotypes. Phylogenetic grouping showed that phylogenetic group D was most commonly represented (n = 49). Macrorestriction analysis showed overall heterogenous results, however, some clustering of closely related isolates was observed. The level of antimicrobial resistance was high, with 83.8% of isolates non-susceptible to at least one class of antimicrobial agents and 40% of isolates showing resistance to at least three classes. The most frequently observed resistance was to ampicillin, mediated by blaTEM (n = 56). However, few isolates were non-susceptible to ciprofloxacin (n = 8) and none of the isolates was resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins or carbapenems. Overall, the results show that genetically diverse APEC associated with avian cellulitis can be found among and within German poultry farms. While most isolates were antimicrobial resistant, resistance levels to high(est) priority critically important antimicrobials were low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Müller
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Diana Seinige
- Office for Veterinary Affairs and Consumer Protection, Ministry of Lower Saxony for Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection, Celle, Germany
| | - Ann-Sophie Braun
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Franziska Kumm
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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2
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Teixeira AM, Vaz-Moreira I, Calderón-Franco D, Weissbrodt D, Purkrtova S, Gajdos S, Dottorini G, Nielsen PH, Khalifa L, Cytryn E, Bartacek J, Manaia CM. Candidate biomarkers of antibiotic resistance for the monitoring of wastewater and the downstream environment. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 247:120761. [PMID: 37918195 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Urban wastewater treatment plants (UWTPs) are essential for reducing the pollutants load and protecting water bodies. However, wastewater catchment areas and UWTPs emit continuously antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), with recognized impacts on the downstream environments. Recently, the European Commission recommended to monitor antibiotic resistance in UWTPs serving more than 100 000 population equivalents. Antibiotic resistance monitoring in environmental samples can be challenging. The expected complexity of these systems can jeopardize the interpretation capacity regarding, for instance, wastewater treatment efficiency, impacts of environmental contamination, or risks due to human exposure. Simplified monitoring frameworks will be essential for the successful implementation of analytical procedures, data analysis, and data sharing. This study aimed to test a set of biomarkers representative of ARG contamination, selected based on their frequent human association and, simultaneously, rare presence in pristine environments. In addition to the 16S rRNA gene, ten potential biomarkers (intI1, sul1, ermB, ermF, aph(3'')-Ib, qacEΔ1, uidA, mefC, tetX, and crAssphage) were monitored in DNA extracts (n = 116) from raw wastewater, activated sludge, treated wastewater, and surface water (upstream and downstream of UWTPs) samples collected in the Czech Republic, Denmark, Israel, the Netherlands, and Portugal. Each biomarker was sensitive enough to measure decreases (on average by up to 2.5 log-units gene copy/mL) from raw wastewater to surface water, with variations in the same order of magnitude as for the 16S rRNA gene. The use of the 10 biomarkers allowed the typing of water samples whose origin or quality could be predicted in a blind test. The results show that, based on appropriate biomarkers, qPCR can be used for a cost-effective and technically accessible approach to monitoring wastewater and the downstream environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Margarida Teixeira
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, Porto 4169-005, Portugal
| | - Ivone Vaz-Moreira
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, Porto 4169-005, Portugal
| | - David Calderón-Franco
- Department of Biotechnology, Environmental Biotechnology Section, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, Delft, HZ 2629, the Netherlands
| | - David Weissbrodt
- Department of Biotechnology, Environmental Biotechnology Section, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, Delft, HZ 2629, the Netherlands; Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7034, Norway
| | - Sabina Purkrtova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 5 Technická, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Gajdos
- Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 5 Technická, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Giulia Dottorini
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Center for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
| | - Per Halkjær Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Center for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
| | - Leron Khalifa
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O Box 15159, Rishon Lezion 7528809, Israel
| | - Eddie Cytryn
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, P.O Box 15159, Rishon Lezion 7528809, Israel
| | - Jan Bartacek
- Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 5 Technická, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Célia M Manaia
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, Porto 4169-005, Portugal.
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3
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Hasan B, Swedberg G. Molecular Characterization of Clinically Relevant Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases blaCTX-M-15-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Free-Range Chicken from Households in Bangladesh. Microb Drug Resist 2022; 28:780-786. [PMID: 35759384 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study explored the potential colonization and characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the gut of free-range poultry from the rural households in Bangladesh. From 48 households located in several rural regions (eastern, western, and southern) of Bangladesh, 180 poultry fecal samples were collected to isolate ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. ESBL producers were characterized by susceptibility testing, conjugation experiment, conventional polymerase chain reactions (PCRs), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) followed by sequencing. Total 23% (42/180) poultry were ESBL positive consisting of Escherichia coli (n = 41) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 1). ESBL producers were resistant to Cefotaxime (CTX; 100%), Cefepime (100%), Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (36%), Ciprofloxacin (31%), and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (24%), and 12% isolates were multidrug resistant. All ESBL producers were carrying blaCTX-M-15-like genotype.Isolates were also carrying genes for quinolone resistance [qnrS1, aac(6')-Ib-cr], silver resistance (silE), and mercury resistance (merA). Isolates were negative for 025b-ST131 clone, mcr-1, and blaOXA-48 gene. The repetitive element PCR revealed 15 different clones of E. coli and some of these clones were found to be common in 3 sampling locations. MLST analysis of E. coli revealed 9 different sequence types (STs); ST4, ST156, ST542, ST1140, ST1290, ST4628, ST5114, ST9768, and ST11317. ESBL producers were carrying transferable plasmids and 4 different plasmid replicon types; IncI1 (29%), IncY (7%), IncFIB (7%), and IncF1A (5%). The findings from the study confirmed that free-range poultry are potential ESBL carriers with coresistance to other antibiotic classes, metals, and biocides. This study confirms that free-range poultry in Bangladesh living close to humans without any direct antibiotic exposure could carry ESBL bacteria. Free-range poultry could be reservoir as well as a potential spreader of pathogenic E. coli and antibiotic- or biocide-resistant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badrul Hasan
- Section for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göte Swedberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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High Genetic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Highlight Arapaima gigas (Pisces: Arapaimidae) as a Reservoir of Quinolone-Resistant Strains in Brazilian Amazon Rivers. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040808. [PMID: 35456858 PMCID: PMC9030826 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli in distinct ecological niches, comprising water sources and food-producing animals, such as fish species, has been widely reported. In the present study, quinolone-resistant E. coli isolates from Arapirama gigas, a major fish species in the Brazilian Amazon rivers and fish farms, were characterized regarding their antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence, and genetic diversity. A total of forty (40) specimens of A. gigas, including 20 farmed and 20 wild fish, were included. Thirty-four quinolone-resistant E. coli isolates were phenotypically tested by broth microdilution, while resistance and virulence genes were detected by PCR. Molecular epidemiology and genetic relatedness were analyzed by MLST and PFGE typing. The majority of isolates were classified as MDR and detected harboring blaCTX-M, qnrA and qnrB genes. Enterotoxigenic E. coli pathotype (ETEC) isolates were presented in low prevalence among farmed animals. MLST and PFGE genotyping revealed a wide genetic background, including the detection of internationally spread clones. The obtained data point out A. gigas as a reservoir in Brazilian Amazon aquatic ecosystems and warns of the interference of AMR strains in wildlife and environmental matrices.
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Bong CW, Low KY, Chai LC, Lee CW. Prevalence and Diversity of Antibiotic Resistant Escherichia coli From Anthropogenic-Impacted Larut River. Front Public Health 2022; 10:794513. [PMID: 35356018 PMCID: PMC8960044 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.794513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquatic environments, under frequent anthropogenic pressure, could serve as reservoirs that provide an ideal condition for the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genetic determinants. We investigated the prevalence and diversity of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli by focusing on their genetic diversity, virulence, and resistance genes in anthropogenic-impacted Larut River. The abundance of E. coli ranged from (estimated count) Est 1 to 4.7 × 105 (colony-forming units per 100 ml) CFU 100 ml−1 to Est 1 to 4.1 × 105 CFU 100 ml−1 with phylogenetic group B1 (46.72%), and A (34.39%) being the most predominant. The prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistance phenotypes of E. coli, with the presence of tet and sul resistance genes, was higher in wastewater effluents than in the river waters. These findings suggested that E. coli could be an important carrier of the resistance genes in freshwater river environments. The phylogenetic composition of E. coli and resistance genes was associated with physicochemical properties and antibiotic residues. These findings indicated that the anthropogenic inputs exerted an effect on the E. coli phylogroup composition, diversification of multiple antibiotic resistance phenotypes, and the distribution of resistance genes in the Larut River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chui Wei Bong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Chui Wei Bong ;
| | - Kyle Young Low
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lay Ching Chai
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Choon Weng Lee
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Gütgemann F, Müller A, Churin Y, Jung A, Braun AS, Yue M, Kehrenberg C. Development of a harmonized method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Bordetella avium using broth microdilution and detection of resistance genes. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:1775-1787. [PMID: 34564927 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In response to a request from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), the objective of this study was to develop a harmonized method for broth microdilution susceptibility testing of Bordetella (B.) avium, the major causative agent of infectious coryza in poultry. METHODS AND RESULTS To find a suitable test medium, growth curves with four epidemiologically unrelated B. avium isolates were created in cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB), CAMHB + 2.5% lysed horse blood and veterinary fastidious medium. All isolates showed good growth in CAMHB, therefore MIC values were determined using this medium and the homogeneity of the values was determined. An essential MIC agreement of 99.7% was calculated. Testing of a larger strain collection (n = 49) for their susceptibility to 24 antimicrobials confirmed the suitability of the tested method and revealed some isolates with elevated MICs of florfenicol (n = 1), streptomycin (n = 2), tetracyclines (n = 5), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (n = 6). PCR assays detected the resistance genes aadA1, dfrB1, floR, sul1, sul2 and tet(A). CONCLUSIONS The method used enables easy reading and a good reproducibility of MIC values for B. avium. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY Application of the tested method allows harmonized resistance testing of B. avium and identification of isolates with elevated MIC values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Gütgemann
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anja Müller
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yury Churin
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Arne Jung
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ann S Braun
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Min Yue
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences & Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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7
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Zeballos-Gross D, Rojas-Sereno Z, Salgado-Caxito M, Poeta P, Torres C, Benavides JA. The Role of Gulls as Reservoirs of Antibiotic Resistance in Aquatic Environments: A Scoping Review. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:703886. [PMID: 34367104 PMCID: PMC8343230 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.703886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of wildlife with long-range dispersal such as gulls in the global dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across natural and anthropogenic aquatic environments remains poorly understood. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been detected in resident and migratory gulls worldwide for more than a decade, suggesting gulls as either sentinels of AMR pollution from anthropogenic sources or independent reservoirs that could maintain and disperse AMR across aquatic environments. However, confirming either of these roles remains challenging and incomplete. In this review, we present current knowledge on the geographic regions where AMR has been detected in gulls, the molecular characterization of resistance genes, and the evidence supporting the capacity of gulls to disperse AMR across regions or countries. We identify several limitations of current research to assess the role of gulls in the spread of AMR including most studies not identifying the source of AMR, few studies comparing bacteria isolated in gulls with other wild or domestic species, and almost no study performing longitudinal sampling over a large period of time to assess the maintenance and dispersion of AMR by gulls within and across regions. We suggest future research required to confirm the role of gulls in the global dispersion of AMR including the standardization of sampling protocols, longitudinal sampling using advanced satellite tracking, and whole-genome sequencing typing. Finally, we discuss the public health implications of the spread of AMR by gulls and potential solutions to limit its spread in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae Zeballos-Gross
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zulma Rojas-Sereno
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marília Salgado-Caxito
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Patricia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Julio A Benavides
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R), Santiago, Chile
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8
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Velhner M, Todorović D, Novović K, Jovčić B, Lazić G, Kojić M, Kehrenberg C. Characterization of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from Black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus) present in the city of Novi Sad, Serbia. Vet Res Commun 2021; 45:199-209. [PMID: 34142260 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09801-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite common resistance to antimicrobials in Escherichia coli isolates from farm animals in Serbia, no data are currently accessible on its occurrence in E. coli isolated from gulls. Therefore, 67 cloacal swabs and 70 fecal samples from black-headed gulls were investigated for the presence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates. Ninety-nine isolates were obtained during the study. Resistotyping and resistance gene typing has shown that 44 isolates harbor resistance to one or more antibiotics. Multidrug resistance was detected in 24 E. coli isolates. Ten isolates were resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotics and were studied in detail including virulence gene typing, phylogenetic and multilocus sequence typing, and mating. These ten isolates belonged to phylogenetic groups B2 (five isolates), D (four isolates) and B1 (one isolate). Five different sequence types (ST38, ST2307, ST224, ST162 and ST34) were detected in E. coli isolates with AmpC phenotype and genotype. One isolate carried the Inc I2/FIB replicon type plasmid with the blaCTX-M-1 gene. Nine isolates had blaCMY-2 genes, which were detected on conjugative plasmids in seven isolates. The virulence genes hly, iroN, iss, ompT and cvaC were detected in one transconjugant. Ten isolates were found to be resistant to ciprofloxacin, whose MIC ranged from 4 to 32 mg/L. Genotyping revealed single or double mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) of the gyrA or gyrA, parC and parE genes, respectively. So, Black-headed gulls from Serbia may be colonized by multidrug-resistant E. coli, some of which are resistant to critically important antibiotics in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Velhner
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | | | - Katarina Novović
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Jovčić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gospava Lazić
- Scientific Veterinary Institute "Novi Sad", Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milan Kojić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institut Für Tierärztliche Nahrungsmittelkunde, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany
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9
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Skarżyńska M, Zaja C M, Bomba A, Bocian Ł, Kozdruń W, Polak M, Wia Cek J, Wasyl D. Antimicrobial Resistance Glides in the Sky-Free-Living Birds as a Reservoir of Resistant Escherichia coli With Zoonotic Potential. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:656223. [PMID: 33897669 PMCID: PMC8062882 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.656223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most important global health concerns; therefore, the identification of AMR reservoirs and vectors is essential. Attention should be paid to the recognition of potential hazards associated with wildlife as this field still seems to be incompletely explored. In this context, the role of free-living birds as AMR carriers is noteworthy. Therefore, we applied methods used in AMR monitoring, supplemented by colistin resistance screening, to investigate the AMR status of Escherichia coli from free-living birds coming from natural habitats and rescue centers. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of strains enabled to determine resistance mechanisms and investigate their epidemiological relationships and virulence potential. As far as we know, this study is one of the few that applied WGS of that number (n = 71) of strains coming from a wild avian reservoir. The primary concerns arising from our study relate to resistance and its determinants toward antimicrobial classes of the highest priority for the treatment of critical infections in people, e.g., cephalosporins, quinolones, polymyxins, and aminoglycosides, as well as fosfomycin. Among the numerous determinants, bla CTX-M-15, bla CMY-2, bla SHV-12, bla TEM-1B, qnrS1, qnrB19, mcr-1, fosA7, aac(3)-IIa, ant(3")-Ia, and aph(6)-Id and chromosomal gyrA, parC, and parE mutations were identified. Fifty-two sequence types (STs) noted among 71 E. coli included the global lineages ST131, ST10, and ST224 as well as the three novel STs 11104, 11105, and 11194. Numerous virulence factors were noted with the prevailing terC, gad, ompT, iss, traT, lpfA, and sitA. Single E. coli was Shiga toxin-producing. Our study shows that the clonal spread of E. coli lineages of public and animal health relevance is a serious avian-associated hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Skarżyńska
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zaja C
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Bomba
- Department of Omics Analyses, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Łukasz Bocian
- Department of Epidemiology and Risk Assessment, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozdruń
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Marcin Polak
- Department of Zoology and Nature Protection, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Wia Cek
- Department of Zoology and Nature Protection, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wasyl
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland.,Department of Omics Analyses, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
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10
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Girijan SK, Paul R, V J RK, Pillai D. Investigating the impact of hospital antibiotic usage on aquatic environment and aquaculture systems: A molecular study of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:141538. [PMID: 32805571 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Quinolones are one of the most important classes of antibacterials available for the treatment of infectious diseases in humans. However, there is a growing concern about bacterial resistance to antimicrobials including quinolones. The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the aquatic environment has been recognized as a growing threat to public health and hospitals appear to be a major contributor to this. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli from selected water bodies receiving direct hospital effluents in Kerala, India. Standard disc diffusion and E-test were used for antibiotic susceptibility testing. As antibiotic resistance can develop in bacterial isolates by different means, EtBr Agar Cartwheel method was used to detect the efflux pump activity and presence of resistant genes was detected by PCR. The mechanism of transfer of plasmid mediated resistance was confirmed by conjugation experiments. A total of 209 multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli were isolated from different hospital effluent discharge sites and aquaculture farms located in their vicinity. Among them, qnrB was found to be most prevalent followed by qnrS, OqxAB, qnrA and aac (6')-Ib-cr. The results suggested that the antibiotics present at sub-inhibitory concentrations in direct hospital effluents increases the selection pressure impacting the cell function of even normal microorganisms in the aquatic environment to change the genetic expression of virulence factors or acquire resistance genes by different transfer mechanisms, posing a serious threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Kalasseril Girijan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Robin Paul
- State Laboratory for Livestock, Marine & Agri Products (SLMAP), Department of Animal Husbandry, Government of Kerala, India
| | - Rejish Kumar V J
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India; Department of Aquaculture, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Devika Pillai
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala, India.
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ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT BACTERIA IN WILDLIFE: PERSPECTIVES ON TRENDS, ACQUISITION AND DISSEMINATION, DATA GAPS, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS. J Wildl Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.7589/2019-04-099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Zendri F, Maciuca IE, Moon S, Jones PH, Wattret A, Jenkins R, Baxter A, Timofte D. Occurrence of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli ST131, Including the H30-Rx and C1-M27 Subclones, Among Urban Seagulls from the United Kingdom. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 26:697-708. [PMID: 32519936 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a public health concern. Understanding any role that urban seagulls may have as a reservoir of resistant bacteria could be important for reducing transmission. This study investigated fecal Escherichia coli isolates from seagulls (herring gulls and lesser black-backed gulls) to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant (ESC-R) and fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli among gull species from two cities (Taunton and Birmingham) in the United Kingdom (UK). We characterized the genetic background and carriage of plasmid-mediated resistance genes in extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli obtained from these birds. Sixty ESC-R E. coli isolates were obtained from 39 seagulls (39/78, 50%), of which 28 (28/60, 46.7%) were positive for plasmid-mediated CTX-M and/or AmpC β-lactamase resistance genes. Among these, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14, and blaCMY-2 predominated. Three isolates belonging to the B2-ST131 clone were detected, of which two harbored blaCTX-M-15 (typed to C2/H30Rx) and one harbored blaCTX-M-27 and was typed to C1/H30-R (recently described as the C1-M27 sublineage). The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene carriage prevalence (11.7%) consisted of aac(6')-Ib-cr and qnrB genes. No carbapenem or colistin resistance genes were detected. Urban seagulls in the UK are colonized and can spread major antimicrobial-resistant E. coli isolates harboring ESBL and PMQR determinants, including clinically important strains such as the pandemic clone B2-ST131 and the C1-M27 subclade. This is the first report of ST131-C1-M27 subclade in wildlife in the UK and in seagulls worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Zendri
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Iuliana E Maciuca
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Moon
- Somerset West and Taunton Council, Environmental Health, Taunton, United Kingdom
| | - Philip H Jones
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Wattret
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Jenkins
- School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Baxter
- Birdstrike Management Ltd., York, United Kingdom
| | - Dorina Timofte
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
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Müller A, Jansen W, Grabowski NT, Kehrenberg C. Characterization of Salmonella enterica serovars recovered from meat products legally and illegally imported into the EU reveals the presence of multiresistant and AmpC-producing isolates. Gut Pathog 2018; 10:40. [PMID: 30258498 PMCID: PMC6151051 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-018-0268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food products of animal origin brought into the EU from third countries, both legally and illegally, can harbor foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella enterica. In this study, we examined five S. enterica isolates recovered either from legally imported chicken meat (n = 3) or from meat products confiscated from air travel passengers arriving in Germany (n = 2). The isolates were serotyped and further characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, PCR-detection and sequencing of genes associated with antimicrobial resistances, and macrorestriction analysis. Transferability of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was assessed by conjugation experiments and the plasmids tested for their incompatibility groups. RESULTS The three isolates from legal imports were identified as S. Heidelberg or as non-flagellated. All three isolates were identified as AmpC producers carrying bla CMY-2 and as non-susceptible to ciprofloxacin. They were additionally resistant to tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole. The bla CMY-2-carrying plasmids were transferable by conjugation and belonged to incompatibility groups IncI1 or IncA/C. The two isolates from illegally imported meat belonged to the serovars Infantis or Weltevreden. The former was phenotypically resistant to five classes of antimicrobial agents while the S. Weltevreden isolate was fully susceptible to all agents tested. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate that meat products imported from third countries, both legally and illegally, can harbor multiresistant Salmonella enterica. Consequently, these imports could constitute a source for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant isolates, including those resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Müller
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Wiebke Jansen
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
- Integrated Veterinary Research Unit, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Nils Th. Grabowski
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
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Polymorphism of antibiotic-inactivating enzyme driven by ecology expands the environmental resistome. ISME JOURNAL 2017; 12:267-276. [PMID: 29028006 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2017.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The environmental resistome has been recognized as the origin and reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes and considered to be dynamic and ever expanding. In this study, a targeted gene sequencing approach revealed that the polymorphic diversity of the aminoglycoside-inactivating enzyme AAC(6')-Ib was ecological niche-specific. AAC(6')-Ib-cr, previously known as a clinical variant, was prevalent in various soils and the intestines of chickens and humans, suggesting that this variant might not have arisen from adaptive mutations in the clinic but instead originated from the environment. Furthermore, ecologically dominant polymorphic variants of AAC(6')-Ib were characterized and found to display different substrate specificities for quinolones and aminoglycosides, conferring the altered resistance spectra. Interestingly, a novel variant with the D179Y substitution showed an extended resistance spectrum to the recently developed fluoroquinolone gemifloxacin. Our results suggest that soil and animal microbiomes could be major reservoirs of antibiotic resistance; polymorphic diversity expands the antibiotic resistome in the environment, resulting in the potential emergence of novel resistance.
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15
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Merkeviciene L, Ruzauskaite N, Klimiene I, Siugzdiniene R, Dailidaviciene J, Virgailis M, Mockeliunas R, Ruzauskas M. Microbiome and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Microbiota of Cloacal Samples from European Herring Gulls ( Larus Argentatus). J Vet Res 2017; 61:27-35. [PMID: 29978052 PMCID: PMC5894407 DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2017-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of the study was to determine microbiota in the cloacal samples of European herring gulls (Larus argentatus) and to compare a variety of genes encoding antimicrobial resistance in cultivable and non-cultivable bacteria. Material and Methods Cloacal samples from European herring gulls were collected from a Kaunas city dump. Cultivable microbiota were isolated, their microbial susceptibility was tested, and genes encoding antimicrobial resistance were detected. Additionally, a metagenomic study was performed using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Results In total, 697 different operational taxonomic units at genus level were detected; however, only 63 taxonomic units were detected at the amount of ≥0.1% of the total number of DNA copies. Catellicoccus marimammalium was found to have the highest prevalence. The bacterial amount of other genera was up to 5% with the most highly prevalent being Psychrobacter (4.7%), Helicobacter(4.5%), unclassified Enterococcaceae (3.2%), Pseudomonas (2.9%), and Brachyspira (2.6%). Conclusions C. marimammalium are predominant microbiota in the cloacal samples of Larus argentatus. This species of gulls is a reservoir of bacteria carrying a wide-spectrum of genes encoding antimicrobial resistance. The same genes were detected in both cultivable microbiota and in the total DNA of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Merkeviciene
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Neda Ruzauskaite
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Irena Klimiene
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rita Siugzdiniene
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Marius Virgailis
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
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16
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Narciso-da-Rocha C, Manaia CM. The influence of the autochthonous wastewater microbiota and gene host on the fate of invasive antibiotic resistance genes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:932-940. [PMID: 27697350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the fate of invasive antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) discharged in wastewater. With this objective, antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) known to harbor specific ARG were inoculated in wastewater (hospital effluent, or municipal raw and treated wastewater) and in ultra-pure sterile water microcosms. Two sets of wastewater ARB isolates were used - set 1, Enterococcus faecalis, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and set 2, Enterococcus faecium, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Escherichia coli. Non-inoculated controls were run in parallel. Samples were collected at the beginning and at the end (15days) of the incubation period and the abundance of the genes 16S rRNA, intI1, blaTEM and vanA and the bacterial community composition were analyzed. In general, the genes blaTEM and vanA had lower persistence in wastewater and in ultra-pure water than the genes 16S rRNA or the class 1 integron integrase intI1. This effect was more pronounced in wastewater than in ultra-pure water, evidencing the importance of the autochthonous microbiota on the elimination of invasive ARG. Wastewater autochthonous bacterial groups most correlated with variations of the genes intI1, blaTEM and vanA were members of the classes Gammaproteobacteria, Bacilli or Bacteroidia. For blaTEM, but not for vanA, the species of the ARB host was important to determine its fate. These are novel findings on the ecology of ARB in wastewater environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Narciso-da-Rocha
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia M Manaia
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
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17
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Alcalá L, Alonso CA, Simón C, González-Esteban C, Orós J, Rezusta A, Ortega C, Torres C. Wild Birds, Frequent Carriers of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Escherichia coli of CTX-M and SHV-12 Types. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2016; 72:861-869. [PMID: 26687342 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0718-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
To get a better insight into the role of birds as reservoirs of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmidic AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC) Escherichia coli producers, 100 fecal samples belonging to 15 different wild avian species from Northern Spain were analyzed. Cefotaxime-resistant (CTXR) E. coli isolates were identified in 16 of the 100 tested birds, which corresponded to 9 animal species (Gyps fulvus-griffon vulture, Larus michahellis-yellow-legged gull, Milvus migrans-black kite, Milvus milvus-red kite, Ciconia ciconia-white stork, Sturnus unicolor-spotless starling, Aquila chrysaetos-golden eagle, Cuculus canorus-common cuckoo, Tyto alba-barn owl). Fifteen isolates harbored ESBL or pAmpC-encoding genes (number of isolates): bla SHV-12 (9), bla CTX-M-1 (3), bla CTX-M-14 (2), and bla CMY-2 (1). The last CTXR isolate presented a -42-point-mutation in the chromosomal ampC promoter. Eleven out of 15 ESBL/pAmpC E. coli isolates were multiresistant (most common resistance phenotype: β-lactams-quinolones-tetracycline-sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim). A plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant (qnrS1) was identified in one E. coli from a barn owl. High genetic diversity was observed among ESBL/pAmpC E. coli isolates, with 12 different sequence types (STs), including several strains of STs frequently detected among human clinical isolates (ST38/D, ST131/B2, ST155/B1, ST10/A). The ST131 isolate belonged to the emergent ciprofloxacin-resistant H30R subclone. This study reveals a high percentage of bird as carriers of ESBL/pAmpC E. coli isolates in Spain, highlighting the elevated rate among storks, kites, and vultures. Wild birds can contribute to the global spread of ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli in natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Alcalá
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carla Andrea Alonso
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 51, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Simón
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Chabier González-Esteban
- Centro de Recuperación de Fauna Silvestre de La Alfranca, Departamento de Agricultura, Ganadería y Medio Ambiente, Gobierno de Aragón, Spain
| | - Jesús Orós
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Rezusta
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Universidad de Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Spain
| | - Carmelo Ortega
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 51, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
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Borges CA, Beraldo LG, Maluta RP, Cardozo MV, Barboza KB, Guastalli EAL, Kariyawasam S, DebRoy C, Ávila FA. Multidrug-resistant pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from wild birds in a veterinary hospital. Avian Pathol 2016; 46:76-83. [PMID: 27754714 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1209298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Wild birds are carriers of Escherichia coli. However, little is known about their role as reservoirs for extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). In this work we investigated E. coli strains carrying virulence genes related to human and animal ExPEC isolated from free-living wild birds treated in a veterinary hospital. Multidrug resistance was found in 47.4% of the strains, but none of them were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers. Not only the virulence genes, but also the serogroups (e.g. O1 and O2) detected in the isolates of E. coli have already been implicated in human and bird diseases. The sequence types detected were also found in wild, companion and food animals, environmental and human clinical isolates in different countries. Furthermore, from the 19 isolates, 17 (89.5%) showed a degree of pathogenicity on an in vivo infection model. The isolates showed high heterogeneity by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis indicating that E. coli from these birds are clonally diverse. Overall, the results showed that wild birds can be reservoirs and/or vectors of highly pathogenic and multidrug-resistant E. coli that have the potential to cause disease in humans and poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Borges
- a Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - L G Beraldo
- a Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - R P Maluta
- b Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents , Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - M V Cardozo
- a Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - K B Barboza
- a Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - E A L Guastalli
- c Biological Institute, Advanced Center for Technological Research of Poultry Agribusiness , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - S Kariyawasam
- d Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , PA , USA
| | - C DebRoy
- c Biological Institute, Advanced Center for Technological Research of Poultry Agribusiness , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - F A Ávila
- a Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
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Wen Y, Pu X, Zheng W, Hu G. High Prevalence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance and IncQ Plasmids Carrying qnrS2 Gene in Bacteria from Rivers near Hospitals and Aquaculture in China. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159418. [PMID: 27427763 PMCID: PMC4948828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Effluents from hospital and aquaculture are considered important sources of quinolone resistance. However, little information is available on the impact of this effluent on nearby rivers. In this study, 188 ciprofloxacin-resistant bacterial isolates obtained from rivers near hospitals and aquaculture were screened for plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes. Species identification, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and PMQR gene transferability assessment were conducted for PMQR-positive bacteria. Representative qnrS2-encoding plasmids were subsequently sequenced using a primer-walking approach. In total, 44 isolates (23.4%) were positive for qnr genes (16 qnrB2, 3 qnrS1, and 25 qnrS2) and 32 isolates (17.0%) were positive for aac(6')-Ib-cr. Other PMQR genes were not detected. The qnrB2 and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes had a higher prevalence in aquaculture samples than in hospital samples, and were significantly associated with Enterobacteriaceae (p < 0.05). In contrast, the prevalence of qnrS2 was not site-related, but was significantly associated with Aeromonas spp. (p < 0.05). All PMQR isolates were resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics. Eleven qnrS2-harboring plasmids from Aeromonas spp., including a novel conjugative plasmid pHP18, were selected for sequencing. These plasmids were small in size (6,388-16,197 bp) and belonged to the IncQ or IncU plasmid family, with qnrS2 being part of a mobile insertion cassette. Taken together, our findings suggest that aquaculture is a possible source for aac(6')-Ib-cr and qnrB2 dissemination, and demonstrate the ubiquity of qnrS2 in aquatic environments. Finally, Aeromonas spp. served as vectors for qnrS2 with the help of IncQ-type plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wen
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Pu
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang Hu
- Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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20
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Varela AR, Nunes OC, Manaia CM. Quinolone resistant Aeromonas spp. as carriers and potential tracers of acquired antibiotic resistance in hospital and municipal wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 542:665-671. [PMID: 26546762 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Members of the genus Aeromonas are recognized carriers of antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments. However, their importance on the spread of resistance from hospital effluents to the environment is poorly understood. Quinolone resistant Aeromonas spp. (n = 112) isolated from hospital effluent (HE) and from raw (RWW) and treated wastewater (TWW) of the receiving urban wastewater treatment plant (UWTP) were characterized. Species identification and genetic intraspecies diversity were assessed based on the 16S rRNA, cpn60 and gyrB genes sequence analysis. The antibiotic resistance phenotypes and genotypes (qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD, qnrS, qnrVC; qepA; oqxAB; aac(6′)-Ib-cr; blaOXA; incU) were analyzed in function of the origin and taxonomic group. Most isolates belonged to the species Aeromonas caviae and Aeromonas hydrophila (50% and 41%, respectively). The quinolone and the beta-lactamase resistance genes aac(6′)-Ib-cr and blaOXA, including gene blaOXA-101, identified for the first time in Aeromonas spp., were detected in 58% and 56% of the isolates, respectively, with identical prevalence in HE and UWTP wastewater. In contrast, the gene qnrS2 was observed mainly in isolates from the UWTP (51%) and rarely in HE isolates (3%), suggesting that its origin is not the clinical setting. Bacterial groups and genes that allow the identification of major routes of antibiotic resistance dissemination are valuable tools to control this problem. In this study, it was concluded that members of the genus Aeromonas harboring the genes aac(6′)-Ib-cr and blaOXA are relevant tracers of antibiotic resistance dissemination in wastewater habitats, while those yielding the gene qnrS2 allow the traceability from non-clinical sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Varela
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal; LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Olga C Nunes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia M Manaia
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
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21
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Manaia CM, Macedo G, Fatta-Kassinos D, Nunes OC. Antibiotic resistance in urban aquatic environments: can it be controlled? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1543-1557. [PMID: 26649735 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, numerous evidences have contributed to establish a link between the natural and human-impacted environments and the growing public health threat that is the antimicrobial resistance. In the environment, in particular in areas subjected to strong anthropogenic pressures, water plays a major role on the transformation and transport of contaminants including antibiotic residues, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes. Therefore, the urban water cycle, comprising water abstraction, disinfection, and distribution for human consumption, and the collection, treatment, and delivery of wastewater to the environment, is a particularly interesting loop to track the fate of antibiotic resistance in the environment and to assess the risks of its transmission back to humans. In this article, the relevance of different transepts of the urban water cycle on the potential enrichment and spread of antibiotic resistance is reviewed. According to this analysis, some gaps of knowledge, research needs, and control measures are suggested. The critical rationale behind the measures suggested and the desirable involvement of some key action players is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia M Manaia
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Gonçalo Macedo
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401, Porto, Portugal
| | - Despo Fatta-Kassinos
- Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering and Nireas-International Water Research Centre, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Olga C Nunes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
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Vaz-Moreira I, Varela AR, Pereira TV, Fochat RC, Manaia CM. Multidrug Resistance in Quinolone-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Hospital Effluent and the Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant. Microb Drug Resist 2015; 22:155-63. [PMID: 26469134 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed to assess if hospital effluents represent an important supplier of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria that, being discharged in the municipal collector, may be disseminated in the environment and bypassed in water quality control systems. From a set of 101 non-Escherichia coli Gram-negative bacteria with reduced susceptibility to quinolones, was selected a group of isolates comprised by those with the highest indices of MDR (defined as nonsusceptibility to at least one agent in six or more antimicrobial categories, MDR ≥6) or resistance to meropenem or ceftazidime (n = 25). The isolates were identified and characterized for antibiotic resistance phenotype, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, and other genetic elements and conjugative capacity. The isolates with highest MDR indices were mainly from hospital effluent and comprised ubiquitous bacterial groups of the class Gammaproteobacteria, of the genera Aeromonas, Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas, and of the class Flavobacteriia, of the genera Chryseobacterium and Myroides. In this group of 25 strains, 19 identified as Gammaproteobacteria harbored at least one PMQR gene (aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrB, qnrS, or oqxAB) or a class 1 integron gene cassette encoding aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, or carbapenem resistance. Most of the E. coli J53 transconjugants with acquired antibiotic resistance resulted from conjugation with Enterobacteriaceae. These transconjugants demonstrated acquired resistance to a maximum of five classes of antibiotics, one or more PMQR genes and/or a class 1 integron gene cassette. This study shows that ubiquitous bacteria, other than those monitored in water quality controls, are important vectors of antibiotic resistance and can be disseminated from hospital effluent to aquatic environments. This information is relevant to support management options aiming at the control of this public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivone Vaz-Moreira
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Varela
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Thamiris V Pereira
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Romário C Fochat
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia M Manaia
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto , Porto, Portugal
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Varela AR, Manageiro V, Ferreira E, Guimarães MA, da Costa PM, Caniça M, Manaia CM. Molecular evidence of the close relatedness of clinical, gull and wastewater isolates of quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2015; 3:286-289. [PMID: 27842875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli with reduced susceptibility to quinolones isolated from different environmental sources (urban wastewater treatment plants, n=61; hospital effluent, n=10; urban streams, n=9; gulls, n=18; birds of prey, n=17) and from hospitalised patients (n=28) were compared based on multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The habitats with the most diversified genotypes of quinolone-resistant E. coli, corresponding to the highest genetic diversity (H'), were wastewater and gulls. In addition, genetically distinct populations were observed in clinical samples and birds of prey, suggesting the influence of the habitat or selective pressures on quinolone-resistant E. coli. The close genetic relatedness between isolates of clinical origin and from gulls and wastewater suggests the existence of potential routes of propagation between these sources. The most common sequence types were ST131 and ST10, with ST131 being highly specific to patients, although distributed in all of the other habitats except birds of prey. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was significantly higher in isolates from patients and gulls than from other sources (P<0.01), suggesting that the effect of selective pressures met by isolates subjected to strong human impacts. The evidence presented suggests the potential circulation of bacteria between the environmental and clinical compartments, with gulls being a relevant vector of bacteria and resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Varela
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF), Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Manageiro
- National Reference Laboratory of Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Ferreira
- National Reference Laboratory of Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Augusta Guimarães
- Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil, E.P.E, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Martins da Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Caniça
- National Reference Laboratory of Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Célia M Manaia
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina (CBQF), Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
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Oh JY, Kwon YK, Tamang MD, Jang HK, Jeong OM, Lee HS, Kang MS. Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Wild Birds and Chickens in South Korea. Microb Drug Resist 2015. [PMID: 26207437 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 2,423 nonduplicate isolates of Escherichia coli recovered from wild birds (n=793) and chickens (n=1,630) in South Korea were investigated for plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes. Altogether, 56 isolates with PMQR genes were identified, including 25 (3.2%) from wild birds and 31 (1.9%) from chickens, which were further characterized using molecular methods. Among them, qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrB, and qepA genes were detected in 47 (1.9%), 6 (0.24%), 2 (0.08%), and 1 (0.04%) isolates, respectively. The most prevalent gene, qnrS, was identified in 21 (0.9%) and 26 (1.1%) isolates from wild birds and chickens, respectively. The qnrB gene was identified in two chicken isolates, which included qnrB19 and a novel qnrB44 gene. Plasmid isolation and Southern hybridization revealed that qnrS1 was located on a large (>200 kbp) plasmid. The spread of the PMQR genes was attributed to a combination of horizontal dissemination and clonal expansion. The horizontal dissemination of PMQR genes was mostly mediated by IncK plasmids. Molecular typing demonstrated that the majority of the PMQR-positive isolates were genetically diverse. Only one chicken isolate belonged to ST131, which harbored an additional CMY-2 gene. Our findings suggest that the wild birds could serve as reservoirs of PMQR genes and spread them over long distances through migration. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PMQR genes in Korean wild birds. This study also reports qnrS2, qnrB19, qnrB44, and qepA genes for the first time in animal E. coli isolates from South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Oh
- 1 Department of Infectious Diseases and Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University , Iksan, South Korea
| | - Yong-Kuk Kwon
- 2 Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency , Anyang, South Korea
| | - Migma Dorji Tamang
- 3 Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency , Anyang, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Kwan Jang
- 1 Department of Infectious Diseases and Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Chonbuk National University , Iksan, South Korea
| | - Ok-Mi Jeong
- 2 Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency , Anyang, South Korea
| | - Hee-Soo Lee
- 2 Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency , Anyang, South Korea
| | - Min-Su Kang
- 2 Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency , Anyang, South Korea
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Intensity and Mechanisms of Fluoroquinolone Resistance within the H30 and H30Rx Subclones of Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 Compared with Other Fluoroquinolone-Resistant E. coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:4471-80. [PMID: 25987621 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00673-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent expansion of the H30 subclone of Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131) and its CTX-M-15-associated H30Rx subset remains unexplained. Although ST131 H30 typically exhibits fluoroquinolone resistance, so do multiple other E. coli lineages that have not expanded similarly. To determine whether H30 isolates have more intense fluoroquinolone resistance than other fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli isolates and to identify possible mechanisms, we determined the MICs for four fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and norfloxacin) among 89 well-characterized, genetically diverse fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli isolates (48 non-H30 and 41 H30 [23 H30Rx and 18 H30 non-Rx]). We compared the MICs with the H30 and H30Rx status, the presence/number of nonsynonymous mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE, the presence of aac(6')-1b-cr (an aminoglycoside/fluoroquinolone agent-modifying enzyme), and the efflux pump activity (measured as organic solvent tolerance [OST]). Among 1,518 recent E. coli clinical isolates, ST131 H30 predominated clonally, both overall and among the fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. Among the 89 study isolates, compared with non-H30 isolates, H30 isolates exhibited categorically higher MICs for all four fluoroquinolone agents, higher absolute ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin MICs, more nonsynonymous mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE (specifically gyrA D87N, parC E84V, and parE I529L), and a numerically higher prevalence of (H30Rx-associated) aac(6')-1b-cr but lower OST scores. All putative resistance mechanisms were significantly associated with the MICs [for aac(6')-1b-cr: ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin only]. parC D87N corresponded with ST131 H30 and parE I529L with ST131 generally. Thus, more intense fluoroquinolone resistance may provide ST131 H30, especially H30Rx [if aac(6')-1b-cr positive], with subtle fitness advantages over other fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli strains. This urges both parsimonious fluoroquinolone use and a search for other fitness-enhancing traits within ST131 H30.
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Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a threat to human and animal health worldwide, and key measures are required to reduce the risks posed by antibiotic resistance genes that occur in the environment. These measures include the identification of critical points of control, the development of reliable surveillance and risk assessment procedures, and the implementation of technological solutions that can prevent environmental contamination with antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes. In this Opinion article, we discuss the main knowledge gaps, the future research needs and the policy and management options that should be prioritized to tackle antibiotic resistance in the environment.
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27
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Abstract
In 2008, a previously unknown Escherichia coli clonal group, sequence type 131 (ST131), was identified on three continents. Today, ST131 is the predominant E. coli lineage among extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) isolates worldwide. Retrospective studies have suggested that it may originally have risen to prominence as early as 2003. Unlike other classical group B2 ExPEC isolates, ST131 isolates are commonly reported to produce extended-spectrum β-lactamases, such as CTX-M-15, and almost all are resistant to fluoroquinolones. Moreover, ST131 E. coli isolates are considered to be truly pathogenic, due to the spectrum of infections they cause in both community and hospital settings and the large number of virulence-associated genes they contain. ST131 isolates therefore seem to contradict the widely held view that high levels of antimicrobial resistance are necessarily associated with a fitness cost leading to a decrease in pathogenesis. Six years after the first description of E. coli ST131, this review outlines the principal traits of ST131 clonal group isolates, based on the growing body of published data, and highlights what is currently known and what we need to find out to provide public health authorities with better information to help combat ST131.
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Xiong W, Sun Y, Ding X, Zhang Y, Zhong X, Liang W, Zeng Z. Responses of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes and bacterial taxa to (fluoro)quinolones-containing manure in arable soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:473-478. [PMID: 25108677 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the fate of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes and the disturbance of soil bacterial communities posed by (fluoro)quinolones (FQNs)-containing manure in arable soil. Representative FQNs (enrofloxacin (ENR), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and norfloxacin (NOR)), PMQR genes (qepA, oqxA, oqxB, aac(6')-Ib-cr and qnrS) and bacterial communities in untreated soil, +manure and +manure+FQNs groups were analyzed using culture independent methods. The significantly higher abundance of oqxA, oqxB and aac(6')-Ib-cr, and significantly higher abundance of qnrS in +manure group than those in untreated soil disappeared at day 30 and day 60, respectively. All PMQR genes (oqxA, oqxB, aac(6')-Ib-cr and qnrS) dissipated 1.5-1.7 times faster in +manure group than those in +manure+FQNs group. The disturbance of soil bacterial communities posed by FQNs-containing manure was also found. The results indicated that significant effects of PMQR genes (oqxA, oqxB, aac(6')-Ib and qnrS) on arable soils introduced by manure disappeared 2 month after manure application. FQNs introduced by manure slowed down the dissipation of PMQR genes. The presence of high FQNs provided a selective advantage for species affiliated to the phylum including Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Planctomycetes while suppressing Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Xiong
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongxue Sun
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xueyao Ding
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhong
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenfei Liang
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Alves MS, Pereira A, Araújo SM, Castro BB, Correia ACM, Henriques I. Seawater is a reservoir of multi-resistant Escherichia coli, including strains hosting plasmid-mediated quinolones resistance and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases genes. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:426. [PMID: 25191308 PMCID: PMC4138442 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine antibiotic resistance (AR) dissemination in coastal water, considering the contribution of different sources of fecal contamination. Samples were collected in Berlenga, an uninhabited island classified as Natural Reserve and visited by tourists for aquatic recreational activities. To achieve our aim, AR in Escherichia coli isolates from coastal water was compared to AR in isolates from two sources of fecal contamination: human-derived sewage and seagull feces. Isolation of E. coli was done on Chromocult agar. Based on genetic typing 414 strains were established. Distribution of E. coli phylogenetic groups was similar among isolates of all sources. Resistances to streptomycin, tetracycline, cephalothin, and amoxicillin were the most frequent. Higher rates of AR were found among seawater and feces isolates, except for last-line antibiotics used in human medicine. Multi-resistance rates in isolates from sewage and seagull feces (29 and 32%) were lower than in isolates from seawater (39%). Seawater AR profiles were similar to those from seagull feces and differed significantly from sewage AR profiles. Nucleotide sequences matching resistance genes blaTEM, sul1, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B), were present in isolates of all sources. Genes conferring resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins were detected in seawater (blaCTX-M-1 and blaSHV-12) and seagull feces (blaCMY-2). Plasmid-mediated determinants of resistance to quinolones were found: qnrS1 in all sources and qnrB19 in seawater and seagull feces. Our results show that seawater is a relevant reservoir of AR and that seagulls are an efficient vehicle to spread human-associated bacteria and resistance genes. The E. coli resistome recaptured from Berlenga coastal water was mainly modulated by seagulls-derived fecal pollution. The repertoire of resistance genes covers antibiotics critically important for humans, a potential risk for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta S Alves
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Anabela Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana M Araújo
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno B Castro
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Isabel Henriques
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro Aveiro, Portugal
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30
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Antibiotic resistance in wastewater: origins, fate, and risks. PRAVENTION UND GESUNDHEITSFORDERUNG 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11553-014-0452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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31
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A new clone sweeps clean: the enigmatic emergence of Escherichia coli sequence type 131. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:4997-5004. [PMID: 24867985 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02824-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131) is an extensively antimicrobial-resistant E. coli clonal group that has spread explosively throughout the world. Recent molecular epidemiologic and whole-genome phylogenetic studies have elucidated the fine clonal structure of ST131, which comprises multiple ST131 subclones with distinctive resistance profiles, including the (nested) H30, H30-R, and H30-Rx subclones. The most prevalent ST131 subclone, H30, arose from a single common fluoroquinolone (FQ)-susceptible ancestor containing allele 30 of fimH (type 1 fimbrial adhesin gene). An early H30 subclone member acquired FQ resistance and launched the rapid expansion of the resulting FQ-resistant subclone, H30-R. Subsequently, a member of H30-R acquired the CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and launched the rapid expansion of the CTX-M-15-containing subclone within H30-R, H30-Rx. Clonal expansion clearly is now the dominant mechanism for the rising prevalence of both FQ resistance and CTX-M-15 production in ST131 and in E. coli generally. Reasons for the successful dissemination and expansion of the key ST131 subclones remain undefined but may include increased transmissibility, greater ability to colonize and/or persist in the intestine or urinary tract, enhanced virulence, and more-extensive antimicrobial resistance compared to other E. coli. Here we discuss the epidemiology and molecular phylogeny of ST131 and its key subclones, possible mechanisms for their ecological success, implications of their widespread dissemination, and future research needs.
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Mora A, Dahbi G, López C, Mamani R, Marzoa J, Dion S, Picard B, Blanco M, Alonso MP, Denamur E, Blanco J. Virulence patterns in a murine sepsis model of ST131 Escherichia coli clinical isolates belonging to serotypes O25b:H4 and O16:H5 are associated to specific virotypes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87025. [PMID: 24498015 PMCID: PMC3907423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli sequence type (ST)131 is an emerging disseminated public health threat implicated in multidrug-resistant extraintestinal infections worldwide. Although the majority of ST131 isolates belong to O25b:H4 serotype, new variants with different serotypes, STs using the discriminative multilocus sequence typing scheme of Pasteur Institute, and virulence-gene profiles (virotypes) have been reported with unknown implications on the pattern of spread, persistence and virulence. The aim of the present study was to compare virulence in a mouse subcutaneous sepsis model of representative ST131 clinical isolates belonging to 2 serotypes (O25b:H4, O16:H5) and nine virotypes and subtypes (A, B, C, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 and E). Fourteen out of the 23 ST131 isolates tested (61%) killed 90 to 100% of mice challenged, and 18 of 23 (78%) at least 50%. Interestingly, different virulence patterns in association with virotypes were observed, from highly rapid lethality (death in less than 24 h) to low final lethality (death at 7 days) but with presence of an acute inflammation. This is the first study to assess virulence of ST131 isolates belonging to serotype O16:H5, which exhibited virotype C. In spite of their low virulence-gene score, O16:H5 isolates did not show significant differences in final lethality compared with highly virulent O25b:H4 isolates of virotypes A, B and C, but killed mice less rapidly. Significant differences were found, however, between virotypes A, B, C (final lethality ≥80% of mice challenged) and virotypes D, E. Particularly unexpected was the low lethality of the newly assigned virotype E taking into account that it exhibited high virulence-gene score, and the same clonotype H30 as highly virulent O25b:H4 isolates of virotypes A, B and C. In vivo virulence diversity reported in this study would reflect the genetic variability within ST131 clonal group evidenced by molecular typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azucena Mora
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli (LREC), Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Lugo, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Ghizlane Dahbi
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli (LREC), Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Lugo, Spain
| | - Cecilia López
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli (LREC), Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Lugo, Spain
| | - Rosalía Mamani
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli (LREC), Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Lugo, Spain
| | - Juan Marzoa
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli (LREC), Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Lugo, Spain
| | - Sara Dion
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Paris, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Picard
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Paris, France; Univ Paris Nord, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Miguel Blanco
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli (LREC), Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Lugo, Spain
| | - María Pilar Alonso
- Unidade de Microbioloxía Clínica, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti (HULA), Lugo, Spain
| | - Erick Denamur
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Paris, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jorge Blanco
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli (LREC), Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Lugo, Spain
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