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Velasco-Senovilla E, Díaz PA, Nogueira E, Rodríguez F, Garrido JL, Ruiz-Villarreal M, Reguera B. The niche of a stress-tolerant specialist, Dinophysis acuminata, in a coastal upwelling system. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 125:102427. [PMID: 37220979 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Dinophysis acuminata, the main cause of shellfish harvesting bans in Europe, blooms in the Galician Rías (NW Spain) throughout the upwelling season (ca. March to September). Here we illustrate rapid changes in vertical and across ría-shelf distributions of diatoms and dinoflagellates (including D. acuminata vegetative and small cells) in Ría de Pontevedra (RP) and Ría de Vigo (RV) during transitions from spin-down to spin-up phases of upwelling cycles. A subniche approach based on a Within Outlying Mean Index (WitOMI) showed that under the transient environmental conditions met during the cruise, both vegetative and small cells of D. acuminata colonized the Ria and Mid-shelf subniches, exhibiting good tolerance and extremely high marginality, in particular the small cells. Bottom-up (abiotic) control overwhelmed biological constraints, and shelf waters became a more favourable environment than the Rías. Contrasting higher biotic constraints inside the Rías were found for the small cells, with a subniche possibly controlled by unsuitable physiological status (notwithstanding the higher density) of the vegetative cell population. Results here on behaviour (vertical positioning) and physiological traits (high tolerance but very specialized niche) of D. acuminata give new insights into the ability of this species to remain in the upwelling circulation system. Higher shelf-ría exchanges in the Ría (RP) with more dense and persistent D. acuminata blooms reveal the relevance of transient event-scales and species- and site-specific characteristics to the fate of these blooms. Earlier statements about simple linear relationships between average upwelling intensities and the recurrence of Harmful algae bloom (HAB) events in the Galician Rías Baixas are questioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Velasco-Senovilla
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), CSIC, Subida a Radio Faro 50, Vigo, 36390, Spain; Campus do Mar, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad de Vigo, 36311 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Patricio A Díaz
- Centro i∼mar & CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Enrique Nogueira
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), CSIC, Subida a Radio Faro 50, Vigo, 36390, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), CSIC, Subida a Radio Faro 50, Vigo, 36390, Spain
| | - José L Garrido
- Department of Oceanography, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM, CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Manuel Ruiz-Villarreal
- Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), CSIC, P.° Marítimo Alcalde Francisco Vázquez 10, 15001, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Beatriz Reguera
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), CSIC, Subida a Radio Faro 50, Vigo, 36390, Spain
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Tamaki S, Mochida K, Suzuki K. Diverse Biosynthetic Pathways and Protective Functions against Environmental Stress of Antioxidants in Microalgae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1250. [PMID: 34205386 PMCID: PMC8234872 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic microalgae have been classified into several biological divisions and have evolutionarily acquired diverse morphologies, metabolisms, and life cycles. They are naturally exposed to environmental stresses that cause oxidative damage due to reactive oxygen species accumulation. To cope with environmental stresses, microalgae contain various antioxidants, including carotenoids, ascorbate (AsA), and glutathione (GSH). Carotenoids are hydrophobic pigments required for light harvesting, photoprotection, and phototaxis. AsA constitutes the AsA-GSH cycle together with GSH and is responsible for photooxidative stress defense. GSH contributes not only to ROS scavenging, but also to heavy metal detoxification and thiol-based redox regulation. The evolutionary diversity of microalgae influences the composition and biosynthetic pathways of these antioxidants. For example, α-carotene and its derivatives are specific to Chlorophyta, whereas diadinoxanthin and fucoxanthin are found in Heterokontophyta, Haptophyta, and Dinophyta. It has been suggested that AsA is biosynthesized via the plant pathway in Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta and via the Euglena pathway in Euglenophyta, Heterokontophyta, and Haptophyta. The GSH biosynthetic pathway is conserved in all biological kingdoms; however, Euglenophyta are able to synthesize an additional thiol antioxidant, trypanothione, using GSH as the substrate. In the present study, we reviewed and discussed the diversity of microalgal antioxidants, including recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Tamaki
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; (K.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; (K.M.); (K.S.)
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- School of Information and Data Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kengo Suzuki
- Microalgae Production Control Technology Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; (K.M.); (K.S.)
- euglena Co., Ltd., Tokyo 108-0014, Japan
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Rappemonads are haptophyte phytoplankton. Curr Biol 2021; 31:2395-2403.e4. [PMID: 33773100 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly accumulating genetic data from environmental sequencing approaches have revealed an extraordinary level of unsuspected diversity within marine phytoplankton,1-11 which is responsible for around 50% of global net primary production.12,13 However, the phenotypic identity of many of the organisms distinguished by environmental DNA sequences remains unclear. The rappemonads represent a plastid-bearing protistan lineage that to date has only been identified by environmental plastid 16S rRNA sequences.14-17 The phenotypic identity of this group, which does not confidently cluster in any known algal clades in 16S rRNA phylogenetic reconstructions,15 has remained unknown since the first report of environmental sequences over two decades ago. We show that rappemonads are closely related to a haptophyte microalga, Pavlomulina ranunculiformis gen. nov. et sp. nov., and belong to a new haptophyte class, the Rappephyceae. Organellar phylogenomic analyses provide strong evidence for the inclusion of this lineage within the Haptophyta as a sister group to the Prymnesiophyceae. Members of this new class have a cosmopolitan distribution in coastal and oceanic regions. The relative read abundance of Rappephyceae in a large environmental barcoding dataset was comparable to, or greater than, those of major haptophyte species, such as the bloom-forming Gephyrocapsa huxleyi and Prymnesium parvum, and this result indicates that they likely have a significant impact as primary producers. Detailed characterization of Pavlomulina allowed for reconstruction of the ancient evolutionary history of the Haptophyta, a group that is one of the most important components of extant marine phytoplankton communities.
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Gonçalves de Oliveira-Júnior R, Grougnet R, Bodet PE, Bonnet A, Nicolau E, Jebali A, Rumin J, Picot L. Updated pigment composition of Tisochrysis lutea and purification of fucoxanthin using centrifugal partition chromatography coupled to flash chromatography for the chemosensitization of melanoma cells. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Staleva-Musto H, Kuznetsova V, Bína D, Litvín R, Polívka T. Intramolecular charge-transfer state of carotenoids siphonaxanthin and siphonein: function of non-conjugated acyl-oxy group. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 144:127-135. [PMID: 31802367 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We used ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy to study excited-state dynamics of two keto-carotenoids, siphonaxanthin and siphonein. These two carotenoids differ in the presence of dodecanoyl-oxy group in siphonein, which is attached to the C19 carbon on the same side of the molecule as the conjugated keto group. We show that this dodecanoyl-oxy group, though not in conjugation, is still capable of modifying excited state properties. While spectroscopic properties of siphonein and siphonaxanthin are nearly identical in a non-polar solvent, they become markedly different in polar solvents. In a polar solvent, siphonein, having the dodecanoyl-oxy moiety, exhibits less pronounced vibrational bands in the absorption spectrum and has significantly enhanced characteristic features of an intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) state in transient absorption spectra compared to siphonaxanthin. The presence of the dodecanoyl-oxy moiety also alters the lifetimes of the S1/ICT state. For siphonaxanthin, the lifetimes are 60, 20, and 14 ps in n-hexane, acetonitrile, and methanol, whereas for siphonein these lifetimes yield 60, 11, and 10 ps. Thus, we show that even a non-conjugated functional group can affect the charge-transfer character of the S1/ICT state. By comparison with fucoxanthin acyl-oxy derivatives, we show that position of the acyl-oxy group in respect to the conjugated keto group is the key feature determining whether the polarity-dependent behavior is enhanced or suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristina Staleva-Musto
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Valentyna Kuznetsova
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - David Bína
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Litvín
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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Gao S, Liu X, Liu Y, Cao B, Chen Z, Xu K. Photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure of welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) grown under different LED wavelengths. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:78. [PMID: 32066376 PMCID: PMC7027053 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimized illumination of plants using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is beneficial to their photosynthetic performance, and in recent years, LEDs have been widely used in horticultural facilities. However, there are significant differences in the responses of different crops to different wavelengths of light. Thus, the influence of artificial light on photosynthesis requires further investigation to provide theoretical guidelines for the light environments used in industrial crop production. In this study, we tested the effects of different LEDs (white, W; blue, B; green, G; yellow, Y; and red, R) with the same photon flux density (300 μmol/m2·s) on the growth, development, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, leaf structure, and chloroplast ultrastructure of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) plants. RESULTS Plants in the W and B treatments had significantly higher height, leaf area, and fresh weight than those in the other treatments. The photosynthetic pigment content and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in the W treatment were significantly higher than those in the monochromatic light treatments, the transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (Gs) were the highest in the B treatment, and the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was the highest in the Y treatment. The non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) was the highest in the Y treatment, but the other chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics differed among treatments in the following order: W > B > R > G > Y. This includes the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) under dark adaptation (Fv/Fm), maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII under light adaptation (Fv'/Fm'), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII), and apparent electron transport rate (ETR). Finally, the leaf structure and chloroplast ultrastructure showed the most complete development in the B treatment. CONCLUSIONS White and blue light significantly improved the photosynthetic efficiency of Welsh onions, whereas yellow light reduced the photosynthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xuena Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Bili Cao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Zijing Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Kun Xu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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Heidenreich E, Wördenweber R, Kirschhöfer F, Nusser M, Friedrich F, Fahl K, Kruse O, Rost B, Franzreb M, Brenner-Weiß G, Rokitta S. Ocean acidification has little effect on the biochemical composition of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218564. [PMID: 31291290 PMCID: PMC6619986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the hierarchical organization of biology, from genomes over transcriptomes and proteomes down to metabolomes, there is continuous debate about the extent to which data and interpretations derived from one level, e.g. the transcriptome, are in agreement with other levels, e.g. the metabolome. Here, we tested the effect of ocean acidification (OA; 400 vs. 1000 μatm CO2) and its modulation by light intensity (50 vs. 300 μmol photons m-2 s-1) on the biomass composition (represented by 75 key metabolites) of diploid and haploid life-cycle stages of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi (RCC1216 and RCC1217) and compared these data with interpretations from previous physiological and gene expression screenings. The metabolite patterns showed minor responses to OA in both life-cycle stages. Whereas previous gene expression analyses suggested that the observed increased biomass buildup derived from lipid and carbohydrate storage, this dataset suggests that OA slightly increases overall biomass of cells, but does not significantly alter their metabolite composition. Generally, light was shown to be a more dominant driver of metabolite composition than OA, increasing the relative abundances of amino acids, mannitol and storage lipids, and shifting pigment contents to accommodate increased irradiance levels. The diploid stage was shown to contain vastly more osmolytes and mannitol than the haploid stage, which in turn had a higher relative content of amino acids, especially aromatic ones. Besides the differences between the investigated cell types and the general effects on biomass buildup, our analyses indicate that OA imposes only negligible effects on E. huxleyi´s biomass composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Heidenreich
- Analytical Biochemistry, Department of Bioengineering and Biosystems, Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- * E-mail: (EH); (SR)
| | - Robin Wördenweber
- Algae Biotechnology & Bioenergy, Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Frank Kirschhöfer
- Analytical Biochemistry, Department of Bioengineering and Biosystems, Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Nusser
- Analytical Biochemistry, Department of Bioengineering and Biosystems, Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Frank Friedrich
- Competence Center for Material Moisture (CMM), Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kirsten Fahl
- Marine Geology and Paleontology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Olaf Kruse
- Algae Biotechnology & Bioenergy, Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Björn Rost
- Marine Biogeosciences, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Matthias Franzreb
- Analytical Biochemistry, Department of Bioengineering and Biosystems, Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Gerald Brenner-Weiß
- Analytical Biochemistry, Department of Bioengineering and Biosystems, Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rokitta
- Marine Biogeosciences, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- * E-mail: (EH); (SR)
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The influence of bio-optical properties of Emiliania huxleyi and Tetraselmis sp. on biomass and lipid production when exposed to different light spectra and intensities of an adjustable LED array and standard light sources. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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García-Portela M, Riobó P, Reguera B, Garrido JL, Blanco J, Rodríguez F. Comparative ecophysiology of Dinophysis acuminata and D. acuta (DINOPHYCEAE, DINOPHYSIALES): effect of light intensity and quality on growth, cellular toxin content, and photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2018; 54:899-917. [PMID: 30298602 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dinoflagellates of the genus Dinophysis are the most persistent producers of lipophilic shellfish toxins in Western Europe. Their mixotrophic nutrition requires a food chain of cryptophytes and plastid-bearing ciliates for sustained growth and photosynthesis. In this study, cultures of D. acuminata and D. acuta, their ciliate prey Mesodinium rubrum and the cryptophyte, Teleaulax amphioxeia, were subject to three experimental settings to study their physiological response to different combinations of light intensity and quality. Growth rates, pigment analyses (HPLC), photosynthetic parameters (PAM-fluorometry), and cellular toxin content (LC-MS) were determined. Specific differences in photosynthetic parameters were observed in Dinophysis exposed to different photon fluxes (10-650 μmol photons · m-2 · s-1 ), light quality (white, blue and green), and shifts in light regime. Dinophysis acuta was more susceptible to photodamage under high light intensities (370-650 μmol photons · m-2 · s-1 ) than D. acuminata but survived better with low light (10 μmol photons · m-2 · s-1 ) and to a prolonged period (28 d) of darkness. Mesodinium rubrum and T. amphioxeia showed their maximal growth rate and yield under white and high light whereas Dinophysis seemed better adapted to grow under green and blue light. Toxin analyses in Dinophysis showed maximal toxin per cell under high light after prey depletion at the late exponential-plateau phase. Changes observed in photosynthetic light curves of D. acuminata cultures after shifting light conditions from low intensity-blue light to high intensity-white light seemed compatible with photoacclimation in this species. Results obtained here are discussed in relation to different spatiotemporal distributions observed in field populations of D. acuminata and D. acuta in northwestern Iberia.
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Affiliation(s)
- María García-Portela
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Oceanographic Centre of Vigo, 36390 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Pilar Riobó
- Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Beatriz Reguera
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Oceanographic Centre of Vigo, 36390 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | | | - Juan Blanco
- Marine Research Centre (CIMA), 36620 Vilanova de Arousa, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Oceanographic Centre of Vigo, 36390 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
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Naik SM, Anil AC. Influence of darkness on pigments of Tetraselmis indica (Chlorodendrophyceae, Chlorophyta). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 186:17-22. [PMID: 29982094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the photic zone, phytoplankton experience diurnal variation in light intensity. However, prolonged exposure to aphotic condition influences their physiological state. Pigment composition is a useful biomarker to decipher cells physiological state and adaptive response to changing environmental conditions. Chlorophyll, a natural pigment, is biosynthesised even in darkness and studies have shown this ability is determined by genetic characteristics of an organism. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of darkness on pigments and chlorophyll autofluorescence of Tetraselmis indica. Dark exposure (up to 6 months) had no significant impact on chlorophyll a and b concentration, whereas carotenoids were enhanced. Upon re-illumination pigments gradually recovered to pre-dark phase condition. These adaptive survival strategies of T. indica by altering pigment concentration in response to prolonged darkness are interesting. The absence of loroxanthin and loroxanthin esters in T. indica is reported in a first Tetraselmis species so far. In addition, the evaluation of autofluorescence and cellular chlorophyll concentration pointed out that they are not interdependent in this species. Hence, careful consideration of these two factors is needed when either of them is used as a proxy for other. The results obtained encourage a thorough study of pigment analysis, especially when subjected to darkness, to elucidate potential role in the evolution, chemotaxonomy, and survivability of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Mahableshwar Naik
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India
| | - Arga Chandrashekar Anil
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India.
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12
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Staleva-Musto H, Kuznetsova V, West RG, Keşan G, Minofar B, Fuciman M, Bína D, Litvín R, Polívka T. Nonconjugated Acyloxy Group Deactivates the Intramolecular Charge-Transfer State in the Carotenoid Fucoxanthin. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:2922-2930. [PMID: 29469573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We used ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy to study excited-state dynamics of the keto-carotenoid fucoxanthin (Fx) and its two derivatives: 19'-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin (bFx) and 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin (hFx). These derivatives occur in some light-harvesting systems of photosynthetic microorganisms, and their presence is typically related to stress conditions. Even though the hexanoyl (butanoyl) moiety is not a part of the conjugated system of hFx (bFx), their absorption spectra in polar solvents exhibit more pronounced vibrational bands of the S2 state than for Fx. The effect of the nonconjugated acyloxy moiety is further observed in transient absorption spectra, which for Fx exhibit characteristic features of an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state in all polar solvents. For bFx and hFx, however, much weaker ICT features are detected in methanol, and the spectral markers of the ICT state disappear completely in polar, but aprotic acetonitrile. The presence of the acyloxy moiety also alters the lifetimes of the S1/ICT state. For Fx, the lifetimes are 60, 30, and 20 ps in n-hexane, acetonitrile, and methanol, whereas for bFx and hFx, these lifetimes yield 60, 60, and 40 ps, respectively. Testing the S1/ICT state lifetimes of hFx in other solvents revealed that some ICT features can be induced only in polar, protic solvents (methanol, ethanol, and ethylene glycol). Thus, bFx and hFx represent a rather rare example of a system in which a nonconjugated functional group significantly alters excited-state dynamics. By comparison with other carotenoids, we show that a keto group at the acyloxy tail, even though it is not in conjugation, affects the electron distribution along the conjugated backbone, resulting in the observed decrease of the ICT character of the S1/ICT state of bFx and hFx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristina Staleva-Musto
- Institute of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science , University of South Bohemia , Branišovská 1760 , CZ 370 05 České Budějovice , Czech Republic
| | - Valentyna Kuznetsova
- Institute of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science , University of South Bohemia , Branišovská 1760 , CZ 370 05 České Budějovice , Czech Republic
| | - Robert G West
- Institute of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science , University of South Bohemia , Branišovská 1760 , CZ 370 05 České Budějovice , Czech Republic
| | - Gürkan Keşan
- Institute of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science , University of South Bohemia , Branišovská 1760 , CZ 370 05 České Budějovice , Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Gebze Technical University , 41400 Gebze , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Babak Minofar
- Center for Nanobiology and Structural Biology, Institute of Microbiology , Czech Academy of Sciences , CZ 373 33 Nové Hrady , Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Fuciman
- Institute of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science , University of South Bohemia , Branišovská 1760 , CZ 370 05 České Budějovice , Czech Republic
| | - David Bína
- Institute of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science , University of South Bohemia , Branišovská 1760 , CZ 370 05 České Budějovice , Czech Republic.,Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biological Centre , Czech Academy of Sciences , CZ 370 05 České Budějovice , Czech Republic
| | - Radek Litvín
- Institute of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science , University of South Bohemia , Branišovská 1760 , CZ 370 05 České Budějovice , Czech Republic.,Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biological Centre , Czech Academy of Sciences , CZ 370 05 České Budějovice , Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Polívka
- Institute of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Science , University of South Bohemia , Branišovská 1760 , CZ 370 05 České Budějovice , Czech Republic.,Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biological Centre , Czech Academy of Sciences , CZ 370 05 České Budějovice , Czech Republic
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