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Xin F, Wang X, Wang H, Yang Y, Xing M, Wang H, Fu Y, Tian Y, Tian Y. Color-reversible fluorescence tracking for the dynamic interaction of SO 2 with Hg 2+ in living cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 318:124530. [PMID: 38805990 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Mercury ion (Hg2+) is one of the most threatening substances to human health, and the mercury poisoning can damage physiological homeostasis severely in human, even cause death. Intriguingly, Sulfur dioxide (SO2), a gas signal molecule in human, can specifically interact with Hg2+ for relieving mercury poisoning. However, the dynamic interaction of Hg2+ with SO2 at the tempospatial level and the correlation between Hg2+ and SO2 in the pathological process of mercury poisoning are still elusive. Herein, we rationally designed a reversible and dual color fluorescent probe (CCS) for dynamically visualizing Hg2+ and SO2 and deciphering their interrelationship in mercury poisoning. CCS held good sensitivity, selectivity and reversibility to Hg2+ and SO2, that enabled CCS to specifically detect SO2 and Hg2+ via cyan fluorescence channel (centered around 485 nm) and red fluorescence channel (centered around 679 nm), respectively. Notably, the separate fluorescence signal changes of CCS realized the dynamic tracing of Hg2+ and SO2 in living cells, and presented the potential for exploring the correlation between SO2 and Hg2+ in mercury poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyun Xin
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, PR China
| | - Xichen Wang
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, PR China
| | - Haixu Wang
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, PR China
| | - Yuanqian Yang
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, PR China
| | - Mingming Xing
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, PR China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, PR China
| | - Yao Fu
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, PR China
| | - Ying Tian
- School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, PR China.
| | - Yong Tian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
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Tanabe TS, Bach E, D'Ermo G, Mohr MG, Hager N, Pfeiffer N, Guiral M, Dahl C. A cascade of sulfur transferases delivers sulfur to the sulfur-oxidizing heterodisulfide reductase-like complex. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e5014. [PMID: 38747384 PMCID: PMC11094781 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
A heterodisulfide reductase-like complex (sHdr) and novel lipoate-binding proteins (LbpAs) are central players of a wide-spread pathway of dissimilatory sulfur oxidation. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrate that the cytoplasmic sHdr-LbpA systems are always accompanied by sets of sulfur transferases (DsrE proteins, TusA, and rhodaneses). The exact composition of these sets may vary depending on the organism and sHdr system type. To enable generalizations, we studied model sulfur oxidizers from distant bacterial phyla, that is, Aquificota and Pseudomonadota. DsrE3C of the chemoorganotrophic Alphaproteobacterium Hyphomicrobium denitrificans and DsrE3B from the Gammaproteobacteria Thioalkalivibrio sp. K90mix, an obligate chemolithotroph, and Thiorhodospira sibirica, an obligate photolithotroph, are homotrimers that donate sulfur to TusA. Additionally, the hyphomicrobial rhodanese-like protein Rhd442 exchanges sulfur with both TusA and DsrE3C. The latter is essential for sulfur oxidation in Hm. denitrificans. TusA from Aquifex aeolicus (AqTusA) interacts physiologically with AqDsrE, AqLbpA, and AqsHdr proteins. This is particularly significant as it establishes a direct link between sulfur transferases and the sHdr-LbpA complex that oxidizes sulfane sulfur to sulfite. In vivo, it is unlikely that there is a strict unidirectional transfer between the sulfur-binding enzymes studied. Rather, the sulfur transferases form a network, each with a pool of bound sulfur. Sulfur flux can then be shifted in one direction or the other depending on metabolic requirements. A single pair of sulfur-binding proteins with a preferred transfer direction, such as a DsrE3-type protein towards TusA, may be sufficient to push sulfur into the sink where it is further metabolized or needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Sebastian Tanabe
- Institut für Mikrobiologie & Biotechnologie, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität BonnBonnGermany
- Division of Microbial EcologyUniversity of ViennaWienAustria
- Present address:
Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1 , A‐1030 WienKölnAustria
| | - Elena Bach
- Institut für Mikrobiologie & Biotechnologie, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität BonnBonnGermany
| | - Giulia D'Ermo
- CNRS, Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, Aix Marseille Université, IMMMarseilleFrance
| | - Marc Gregor Mohr
- Institut für Mikrobiologie & Biotechnologie, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität BonnBonnGermany
| | - Natalie Hager
- Institut für Mikrobiologie & Biotechnologie, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität BonnBonnGermany
| | - Niklas Pfeiffer
- Institut für Mikrobiologie & Biotechnologie, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität BonnBonnGermany
- Present address:
Labor Dr. Wisplinghoff, Horbeller Str. 18‐20KölnGermany
| | - Marianne Guiral
- CNRS, Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, Aix Marseille Université, IMMMarseilleFrance
| | - Christiane Dahl
- Institut für Mikrobiologie & Biotechnologie, Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität BonnBonnGermany
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Wang T, Li X, Liu H, Liu H, Xia Y, Xun L. Microorganisms uptake zero-valent sulfur via membrane lipid dissolution of octasulfur and intracellular solubilization as persulfide. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:170504. [PMID: 38307292 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Zero-valent sulfur, commonly utilized as a fertilizer or fungicide, is prevalent in various environmental contexts. Its most stable and predominant form, octasulfur (S8), plays a crucial role in microbial sulfur metabolism, either through oxidation or reduction. However, the mechanism underlying its cellular uptake remains elusive. We presented evidence that zero-valent sulfur was adsorbed to the cell surface and then dissolved into the membrane lipid layer as lipid-soluble S8 molecules, which reacted with cellular low-molecular thiols to form persulfide, e.g., glutathione persulfide (GSSH), in the cytoplasm. The process brought extracellular zero-valent sulfur into the cells. When persulfide dioxygenase is present in the cells, GSSH will be oxidized. Otherwise, GSSH will react with another glutathione (GSH) to produce glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The mechanism is different from simple diffusion, as insoluble S8 becomes soluble GSSH after crossing the cytoplasmic membrane. The uptake process is limited by physical contact of insoluble zero-valent sulfur with microbial cells and the regeneration of cellular thiols. Our findings elucidate the cellular uptake mechanism of zero-valent sulfur, which provides critical information for its application in agricultural practices and the bioremediation of sulfur contaminants and heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaoju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Honglei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Huaiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7520, USA.
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Cao Q, Liu X, Wang Q, Liu Z, Xia Y, Xun L, Liu H. Rhodobacteraceae methanethiol oxidases catalyze methanethiol degradation to produce sulfane sulfur other than hydrogen sulfide. mBio 2024; 15:e0290723. [PMID: 38329332 PMCID: PMC10936201 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02907-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Methanethiol (MT) is a sulfur-containing compound produced during dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) degradation by marine bacteria. The C-S bond of MT can be cleaved by methanethiol oxidases (MTOs) to release a sulfur atom. However, the cleaving process remains unclear, and the species of sulfur product is uncertain. It has long been assumed that MTOs produce hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from MT. Herein, we studied the MTOs in the Rhodobacteraceae family-whose members are important DMSP degraders ubiquitous in marine environments. We identified 57 MTOs from 1,904 Rhodobacteraceae genomes. These MTOs were grouped into two major clusters. Cluster 1 members share three conserved cysteine residues, while cluster 2 members contain one conserved cysteine residue. We examined the products of three representative MTOs both in vitro and in vivo. All of them produced sulfane sulfur other than H2S from MT. Their conserved cysteines are substrate-binding sites in which the MTO-S-S-CH3 complex is formed. This finding clarified the sulfur product of MTOs and enlightened the MTO-catalyzing process. Moreover, this study connected DMSP degradation with sulfane sulfur metabolism, filling a critical gap in the DMSP degradation pathway and representing new knowledge in the marine sulfur cycle field. IMPORTANCE This study overthrows a long-time assumption that methanethiol oxidases (MTOs) cleave the C-S bond of methanethiol to produce both H2S and H2O2-the former is a strong reductant and the latter is a strong oxidant. From a chemistry viewpoint, this reaction is difficult to happen. Investigations on three representative MTOs indicated that sulfane sulfur (S0) was the direct product, and no H2O2 was produced. Finally, the products of MTOs were corrected to be S0 and H2O. This finding connected dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) degradation with sulfane sulfur metabolism, filling a critical gap in the DMSP degradation pathway and representing new knowledge in the marine sulfur cycle field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuanyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zongzheng Liu
- Qingdao Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Huaiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Wu X, Wan J, Wang Q, Liu Z, Xia Y, Xun L, Liu H. Using the sulfide-oxidizing bacterium Geobacillus thermodenitrificans to restrict H 2S release during chicken manure composting. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120416. [PMID: 38408391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic gas massively released during chicken manure composting. Diminishing its release requires efficient and low cost methods. In recent years, heterotrophic bacteria capable of rapid H2S oxidation have been discovered but their applications in environmental improvement are rarely reported. Herein, we investigated H2S oxidation activity of a heterotrophic thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM465, which contains a H2S oxidation pathway composed by sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) and persulfide dioxygenase (PDO). This strain rapidly oxidized H2S to sulfane sulfur and thiosulfate. The oxidation rate reached 5.73 μmol min-1·g-1 of cell dry weight. We used G. thermodenitrificans DSM465 to restrict H2S release during chicken manure composting. The H2S emission during composting process reduced by 27.5% and sulfate content in the final compost increased by 34.4%. In addition, this strain prolonged the high temperature phase by 7 days. Thus, using G. thermodenitrificans DSM465 to control H2S release was an efficient and economic method. This study provided a new strategy for making waste composting environmental friendly and shed light on perspective applications of heterotrophic H2S oxidation bacteria in environmental improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266200, PR China
| | - Jiahui Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266200, PR China
| | - Qingda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266200, PR China
| | - Zongzheng Liu
- Qingdao Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266200, PR China
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266200, PR China; School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 991647520, USA.
| | - Huaiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266200, PR China.
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Liu H, Yu H, Gao R, Ge F, Zhao R, Lu X, Wang T, Liu H, Yang C, Xia Y, Xun L. A Zero-Valent Sulfur Transporter Helps Podophyllotoxin Uptake into Bacterial Cells in the Presence of CTAB. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:27. [PMID: 38247452 PMCID: PMC10812762 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin (PTOX) is naturally produced by the plant Podophyllum species. Some of its derivatives are anticancer drugs, which are produced mainly by using chemical semi-synthesis methods. Recombinant bacteria have great potential in large-scale production of the derivatives of PTOX. In addition to introducing the correct enzymes, the transportation of PTOX into the cells is an important factor, which limits its modification in the bacteria. Here, we improved the cellular uptake of PTOX into Escherichia coli with the help of the zero-valent sulfur transporter YedE1E2 in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). CTAB promoted the uptake of PTOX, but induced the production of reactive oxygen species. A protein complex (YedE1E2) of YedE1 and YedE2 enabled E. coli cells to resist CTAB by reducing reactive oxygen species, and YedE1E2 was a hypothetical transporter. Further investigation showed that YedE1E2 facilitated the uptake of extracellular zero-valent sulfur across the cytoplasmic membrane and the formation of glutathione persulfide (GSSH) inside the cells. The increased GSSH minimized oxidative stress. Our results indicate that YedE1E2 is a zero-valent sulfur transporter and it also facilitates CTAB-assisted uptake of PTOX by recombinant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (H.L.); (H.Y.); (R.G.); (F.G.); (R.Z.); (X.L.); (T.W.); (H.L.); (C.Y.)
| | - Huiyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (H.L.); (H.Y.); (R.G.); (F.G.); (R.Z.); (X.L.); (T.W.); (H.L.); (C.Y.)
| | - Rui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (H.L.); (H.Y.); (R.G.); (F.G.); (R.Z.); (X.L.); (T.W.); (H.L.); (C.Y.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fulin Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (H.L.); (H.Y.); (R.G.); (F.G.); (R.Z.); (X.L.); (T.W.); (H.L.); (C.Y.)
| | - Rui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (H.L.); (H.Y.); (R.G.); (F.G.); (R.Z.); (X.L.); (T.W.); (H.L.); (C.Y.)
| | - Xia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (H.L.); (H.Y.); (R.G.); (F.G.); (R.Z.); (X.L.); (T.W.); (H.L.); (C.Y.)
| | - Tianqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (H.L.); (H.Y.); (R.G.); (F.G.); (R.Z.); (X.L.); (T.W.); (H.L.); (C.Y.)
| | - Huaiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (H.L.); (H.Y.); (R.G.); (F.G.); (R.Z.); (X.L.); (T.W.); (H.L.); (C.Y.)
| | - Chunyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (H.L.); (H.Y.); (R.G.); (F.G.); (R.Z.); (X.L.); (T.W.); (H.L.); (C.Y.)
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (H.L.); (H.Y.); (R.G.); (F.G.); (R.Z.); (X.L.); (T.W.); (H.L.); (C.Y.)
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (H.L.); (H.Y.); (R.G.); (F.G.); (R.Z.); (X.L.); (T.W.); (H.L.); (C.Y.)
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7520, USA
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Yuan X, Sun Y, Ni D, Xie Z, Zhang Y, Miao S, Wu L, Xing X, Zuo J. A biological strategy for sulfide control in sewers: Removing sulfide by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119237. [PMID: 37832290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Sulfide produced from sewers is considered one of the dominant threats to public health and sewer lifespan due to its toxicity and corrosiveness. In this study, we developed an environmentally friendly strategy for gaseous sulfide control by enriching indigenous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) from sewer sediment. Ceramics acted as bio-carriers for immobilizing SOB for practical use in a lab-scale sewer reactor. 16 S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the SOB consortium was successfully enriched, with Thiobacillus, Pseudomonas, and Alcaligenes occupying a dominant abundance of 64.7% in the microbial community. Metabolic pathway analysis in different acclimatization stages indicates that microorganisms could convert thiosulfate and sulfide into elemental sulfur after enrichment and immobilization. A continuous experiment in lab-scale sewer reactors confirmed an efficient result for sulfide removal with hydrogen sulfide reduction of 43.9% and 85.1% under high-sulfur load and low-sulfur load conditions, respectively. This study shed light on the promising application for sewer sulfide control by biological sulfur oxidation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yiquan Sun
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dong Ni
- Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Zhenwen Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sun Miao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Linjun Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xin Xing
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100088, China.
| | - Jiane Zuo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Srivastava A, De Corte D, Garcia JAL, Swan BK, Stepanauskas R, Herndl GJ, Sintes E. Interplay between autotrophic and heterotrophic prokaryotic metabolism in the bathypelagic realm revealed by metatranscriptomic analyses. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:239. [PMID: 37925458 PMCID: PMC10625248 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterotrophic microbes inhabiting the dark ocean largely depend on the settling of organic matter from the sunlit ocean. However, this sinking of organic materials is insufficient to cover their demand for energy and alternative sources such as chemoautotrophy have been proposed. Reduced sulfur compounds, such as thiosulfate, are a potential energy source for both auto- and heterotrophic marine prokaryotes. METHODS Seawater samples were collected from Labrador Sea Water (LSW, ~ 2000 m depth) in the North Atlantic and incubated in the dark at in situ temperature unamended, amended with 1 µM thiosulfate, or with 1 µM thiosulfate plus 10 µM glucose and 10 µM acetate (thiosulfate plus dissolved organic matter, DOM). Inorganic carbon fixation was measured in the different treatments and samples for metatranscriptomic analyses were collected after 1 h and 72 h of incubation. RESULTS Amendment of LSW with thiosulfate and thiosulfate plus DOM enhanced prokaryotic inorganic carbon fixation. The energy generated via chemoautotrophy and heterotrophy in the amended prokaryotic communities was used for the biosynthesis of glycogen and phospholipids as storage molecules. The addition of thiosulfate stimulated unclassified bacteria, sulfur-oxidizing Deltaproteobacteria (SAR324 cluster bacteria), Epsilonproteobacteria (Sulfurimonas sp.), and Gammaproteobacteria (SUP05 cluster bacteria), whereas, the amendment with thiosulfate plus DOM stimulated typically copiotrophic Gammaproteobacteria (closely related to Vibrio sp. and Pseudoalteromonas sp.). CONCLUSIONS The gene expression pattern of thiosulfate utilizing microbes specifically of genes involved in energy production via sulfur oxidation and coupled to CO2 fixation pathways coincided with the change in the transcriptional profile of the heterotrophic prokaryotic community (genes involved in promoting energy storage), suggesting a fine-tuned metabolic interplay between chemoautotrophic and heterotrophic microbes in the dark ocean. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Srivastava
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Bio-Oceanography and Marine Biology Unit, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1a, 1160, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Daniele De Corte
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl Von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
- Currently at Ocean Technology and Engineering Department, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - Juan A L Garcia
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Bio-Oceanography and Marine Biology Unit, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Informatics, INS La Ferreria, 08110, Montcada i Reixach, Spain
| | - Brandon K Swan
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | | | - Gerhard J Herndl
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Bio-Oceanography and Marine Biology Unit, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, AB Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Sintes
- Ecosystem Oceanography Group (GRECO), Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Palma, Spain.
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Xin Y, Wu Y, Zhang H, Li X, Qu X. Soil depth exerts a stronger impact on microbial communities and the sulfur biological cycle than salinity in salinized soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 894:164898. [PMID: 37343848 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of microbial communities along salinity gradients in the surface layer of salinized soils has been widely studied. However, it is unknown whether microbial communities exhibit similar distribution patterns in surface and deep soils. Additionally, the relationship between soil depth, salinity, and sulfur metabolism remains unclear. Herein, bulk soils in the surface (S, 5-10 cm) and deep (D, 20-25 cm) layers from high- and low-salinity soils were analyzed using metagenomic and physicochemical analyses. Soil depth was significantly correlated to the concentration of sulfur compounds in the soil and exerted a stronger effect than salinity. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed significant differences in microbial community structure with varying soil depths and salinities. However, soil depth clearly influenced microbial community abundance, homogeneity, and diversity, while salinity had a limited effect on microbial abundance. Archaea and bacteria were enriched in the surface and deep soils, respectively. Gene abundance analysis revealed significant differences in the abundance of sulfur-related genes at different soil depths. The abundance of sulfur oxidation genes was lower in deep soil than in surface soil, whereas the abundance of other sulfur-related genes showed the opposite trend. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that environmental factors and sulfur compounds have a significant impact on sulfur metabolism genes, with sulfide significantly affecting low-salinity soils in the surface and deep layers, whereas salinity and sulfane sulfur had a greater correlation with high-salinity soils. Correlation analysis further showed that Euryarchaeota clustered with Bacteroidetes and Balneolaeota, while Proteobacteria clustered with many phyla, such as Acidobacteria. Various sulfur metabolism genes were widely distributed in both clusters. Our results indicate that microorganisms actively participate in the sulfur cycle in saline soils and that soil depth can affect these processes and the structure of microbial communities to a greater extent than soil salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Xin
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China.
| | - Yu Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Honglin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Xiaohua Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China.
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10
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Du H, Qi Y, Qiao J, Li L, Wei L, Xu N, Shao L, Liu J. Transcription factor OxyR regulates sulfane sulfur removal and L-cysteine biosynthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0090423. [PMID: 37768042 PMCID: PMC10537588 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00904-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfane sulfur, a collective term for hydrogen polysulfide and organic persulfide, often damages cells at high concentrations. Cells can regulate intracellular sulfane sulfur levels through specific mechanisms, but these mechanisms are unclear in Corynebacterium glutamicum. OxyR is a transcription factor capable of sensing oxidative stress and is also responsive to sulfane sulfur. In this study, we found that OxyR functioned directly in regulating sulfane sulfur in C. glutamicum. OxyR binds to the promoter of katA and nrdH and regulates its expression, as revealed via in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assay analysis, real-time quantitative PCR, and reporting systems. Overexpression of katA and nrdH reduced intracellular sulfane sulfur levels by over 30% and 20% in C. glutamicum, respectively. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that the lack of OxyR downregulated the expression of sulfur assimilation pathway genes and/or sulfur transcription factors, which may reduce the rate of sulfur assimilation. In addition, OxyR also affected the biosynthesis of L-cysteine in C. glutamicum. OxyR overexpression strain Cg-2 accumulated 183 mg/L of L-cysteine, increased by approximately 30% compared with the control (142 mg/L). In summary, OxyR not only regulated sulfane sulfur levels by controlling the expression of katA and nrdH in C. glutamicum but also facilitated the sulfur assimilation and L-cysteine synthesis pathways, providing a potential target for constructing robust cell factories of sulfur-containing amino acids and their derivatives. IMPORTANCE C. glutamicum is an important industrial microorganism used to produce various amino acids. In the production of sulfur-containing amino acids, cells inevitably accumulate a large amount of sulfane sulfur. However, few studies have focused on sulfane sulfur removal in C. glutamicum. In this study, we not only revealed the regulatory mechanism of OxyR on intracellular sulfane sulfur removal but also explored the effects of OxyR on the sulfur assimilation and L-cysteine synthesis pathways in C. glutamicum. This is the first study on the removal of sulfane sulfur in C. glutamicum. These results contribute to the understanding of sulfur regulatory mechanisms and may aid in the future optimization of C. glutamicum for biosynthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanmin Du
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Qi
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinfang Qiao
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingcong Li
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Shao
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
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11
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Yu Q, Ran M, Xin Y, Liu H, Liu H, Xia Y, Xun L. The Rhodanese PspE Converts Thiosulfate to Cellular Sulfane Sulfur in Escherichia coli. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051127. [PMID: 37237993 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and its oxidation product zero-valent sulfur (S0) play important roles in animals, plants, and bacteria. Inside cells, S0 exists in various forms, including polysulfide and persulfide, which are collectively referred to as sulfane sulfur. Due to the known health benefits, the donors of H2S and sulfane sulfur have been developed and tested. Among them, thiosulfate is a known H2S and sulfane sulfur donor. We have previously reported that thiosulfate is an effective sulfane sulfur donor in Escherichia coli; however, it is unclear how it converts thiosulfate to cellular sulfane sulfur. In this study, we showed that one of the various rhodaneses, PspE, in E. coli was responsible for the conversion. After the thiosulfate addition, the ΔpspE mutant did not increase cellular sulfane sulfur, but the wild type and the complemented strain ΔpspE::pspE increased cellular sulfane sulfur from about 92 μM to 220 μM and 355 μM, respectively. LC-MS analysis revealed a significant increase in glutathione persulfide (GSSH) in the wild type and the ΔpspE::pspE strain. The kinetic analysis supported that PspE was the most effective rhodanese in E. coli in converting thiosulfate to glutathione persulfide. The increased cellular sulfane sulfur alleviated the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide during E. coli growth. Although cellular thiols might reduce the increased cellular sulfane sulfur to H2S, increased H2S was not detected in the wild type. The finding that rhodanese is required to convert thiosulfate to cellular sulfane sulfur in E. coli may guide the use of thiosulfate as the donor of H2S and sulfane sulfur in human and animal tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mingxue Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yuping Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Huaiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Honglei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 991647520, USA
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12
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Wu X, Fan K, Wang Q, Cao Q, Chen C, Xun L, Liu H. Investigating the debrominations of a subset of brominated flame retardants by biogenic reactive sulfur species. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 174:107873. [PMID: 36933304 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are persistent organic pollutants. Many bacteria are able to debrominate BFRs, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Herein, we discovered that reactive sulfur species (RSS), which have strong reductive activity and are commonly present in bacteria, might be one of the reasons leading to such ability. Experiments performed with RSS (H2S and HSSH) and BFRs indicated that RSS can debrominate BFRs via two different mechanisms simultaneously: the substitutive debromination that generates thiol-BFRs and the reductive debromination that generates hydrogenated BFRs. Debromination reactions rapidly happened under neutral pH and ambient temperature, and the debromination degree was around 30% - 55% in one hour. Two Pseudomonas strains, Pseudomonas sp. C27 and Pseudomonas putida B6-2 both produced extracellular RSS and showed debromination activity. C27 debrominated HBCD, TBECH, and TBP by 5.4%, 17.7%, and 15.9% in two days. Whereas, B6-2 debrominated the three BFRs by 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.3% in two days. The two bacteria produced different amounts and species of RSS, which were likely responsible for the contrasted degrees of the debromination. Our finding unveiled a novel, non-enzymatic debromination mechanism that many bacteria may possess. RSS producing bacteria have potentials to contribute to bioremediation of BFRs-polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, China
| | - Kaili Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China
| | - Qingda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, China
| | - Qun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, China; School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 991647520, USA.
| | - Huaiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, China.
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13
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Nguyen VH, Wemheuer B, Song W, Bennett H, Palladino G, Burgsdorf I, Sizikov S, Steindler L, Webster NS, Thomas T. Functional characterization and taxonomic classification of novel gammaproteobacterial diversity in sponges. Syst Appl Microbiol 2023; 46:126401. [PMID: 36774720 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2023.126401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sponges harbour exceptionally diverse microbial communities, whose members are largely uncultured. The class Gammaproteobacteria often dominates the microbial communities of various sponge species, but most of its diversity remains functional and taxonomically uncharacterised. Here we reconstructed and characterised 32 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) derived from three sponge species. These MAGs represent ten novel species and belong to seven orders, of which one is new. We propose nomenclature for all these taxa. These new species comprise sponge-specific bacteria with varying levels of host specificity. Functional gene profiling highlights significant differences in metabolic capabilities across the ten species, though each also often exhibited a large degree of metabolic diversity involving various nitrogen- and sulfur-based compounds. The genomic features of the ten species suggest they have evolved to form symbiotic interaction with their hosts or are well-adapted to survive within the sponge environment. These Gammaproteobacteria are proposed to scavenge substrates from the host environment, including metabolites or cellular components of the sponge. Their diverse metabolic capabilities may allow for efficient cycling of organic matter in the sponge environment, potentially to the benefit of the host and other symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Hung Nguyen
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bernd Wemheuer
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Weizhi Song
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Holly Bennett
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Giorgia Palladino
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Nicole S Webster
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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14
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Fan K, Wang W, Xu X, Yuan Y, Ren N, Lee DJ, Chen C. Recent Advances in Biotechnologies for the Treatment of Environmental Pollutants Based on Reactive Sulfur Species. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030767. [PMID: 36979016 PMCID: PMC10044940 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The definition of reactive sulfur species (RSS) is inspired by the reactivity and variable chemical valence of sulfur. Sulfur is an essential element for life and is a part of global geochemical cycles. Wastewater treatment bioreactors can be divided into two major categories: sulfur reduction and sulfur oxidation. We review the origins of the definition of RSS and related biotechnological processes in environmental management. Sulfate reduction, sulfide oxidation, and sulfur-based redox reactions are key to driving the coupled global carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur co-cycles. This shows the coupling of the sulfur cycle with the carbon and nitrogen cycles and provides insights into the global material-chemical cycle. We also review the biological classification and RSS metabolic mechanisms of functional microorganisms involved in the biological processes, such as sulfate-reducing and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Developments in molecular biology and genomic technologies have allowed us to obtain detailed information on these bacteria. The importance of RSS in environmental technologies requires further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Biological Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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15
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Burroughs A, Aravind L. New biochemistry in the Rhodanese-phosphatase superfamily: emerging roles in diverse metabolic processes, nucleic acid modifications, and biological conflicts. NAR Genom Bioinform 2023; 5:lqad029. [PMID: 36968430 PMCID: PMC10034599 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein-tyrosine/dual-specificity phosphatases and rhodanese domains constitute a sprawling superfamily of Rossmannoid domains that use a conserved active site with a cysteine to catalyze a range of phosphate-transfer, thiotransfer, selenotransfer and redox activities. While these enzymes have been extensively studied in the context of protein/lipid head group dephosphorylation and various thiotransfer reactions, their overall diversity and catalytic potential remain poorly understood. Using comparative genomics and sequence/structure analysis, we comprehensively investigate and develop a natural classification for this superfamily. As a result, we identified several novel clades, both those which retain the catalytic cysteine and those where a distinct active site has emerged in the same location (e.g. diphthine synthase-like methylases and RNA 2' OH ribosyl phosphate transferases). We also present evidence that the superfamily has a wider range of catalytic capabilities than previously known, including a set of parallel activities operating on various sugar/sugar alcohol groups in the context of NAD+-derivatives and RNA termini, and potential phosphate transfer activities involving sugars and nucleotides. We show that such activities are particularly expanded in the RapZ-C-DUF488-DUF4326 clade, defined here for the first time. Some enzymes from this clade are predicted to catalyze novel DNA-end processing activities as part of nucleic-acid-modifying systems that are likely to function in biological conflicts between viruses and their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maxwell Burroughs
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - L Aravind
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
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16
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Tang C, Li J, Shen Y, Liu M, Liu H, Liu H, Xun L, Xia Y. A sulfide-sensor and a sulfane sulfur-sensor collectively regulate sulfur-oxidation for feather degradation by Bacillus licheniformis. Commun Biol 2023; 6:167. [PMID: 36765168 PMCID: PMC9918477 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04538-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis MW3 degrades bird feathers. Feather keratin is rich in cysteine, which is metabolized to produce hazardous sulfide and sulfane sulfur. A challenge to B. licheniformis MW3 growing on feathers is to detoxify them. Here we identified a gene cluster in B. licheniformis MW3 to deal with these toxicity. The cluster contains 11 genes: the first gene yrkD encodes a repressor, the 8th and 9th genes nreB and nreC encode a two-component regulatory system, and the 10th and 11th genes encode sulfide: quinone reductase (SQR) and persulfide oxygenase (PDO). SQR and PDO collectively oxidize sulfide and sulfane sulfur to sulfite. YrkD sensed sulfane sulfur to derepress the 11 genes. The NreBC system sensed sulfide and further amplified the transcription of sqr and pdo. The two regulatory systems synergistically controlled the expression of the gene cluster, which was required for the bacterium to grow on feather. The findings highlight the necessity of removing sulfide and sulfane sulfur during feather degradation and may help with bioremediation of feather waste and sulfide pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Li
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 People’s Republic of China ,grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Present Address: Institut für Mikrobiologie & Biotechnologie of Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yuemeng Shen
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Menghui Liu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Honglei Liu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaiwei Liu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China. .,School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-7520, USA.
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
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17
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The Transcriptional Repressor PerR Senses Sulfane Sulfur by Cysteine Persulfidation at the Structural Zn 2+ Site in Synechococcus sp. PCC7002. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020423. [PMID: 36829981 PMCID: PMC9952342 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria can perform both anoxygenic and oxygenic photosynthesis, a characteristic which ensured that these organisms were crucial in the evolution of the early Earth and the biosphere. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in oxygenic photosynthesis and reactive sulfur species (RSS) produced in anoxygenic photosynthesis are closely related to intracellular redox equilibrium. ROS comprise superoxide anion (O2●-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals (●OH). RSS comprise H2S and sulfane sulfur (persulfide, polysulfide, and S8). Although the sensing mechanism for ROS in cyanobacteria has been explored, that of RSS has not been elucidated. Here, we studied the function of the transcriptional repressor PerR in RSS sensing in Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 (PCC7002). PerR was previously reported to sense ROS; however, our results revealed that it also participated in RSS sensing. PerR repressed the expression of prxI and downregulated the tolerance of PCC7002 to polysulfide (H2Sn). The reporter system indicated that PerR sensed H2Sn. Cys121 of the Cys4:Zn2+ site, which contains four cysteines (Cys121, Cys124, Cys160, and Cys163) bound to one zinc atom, could be modified by H2Sn to Cys121-SSH, as a result of which the zinc atom was released from the site. Moreover, Cys19 could also be modified by polysulfide to Cys19-SSH. Thus, our results reveal that PerR, a representative of the Cys4 zinc finger proteins, senses H2Sn. Our findings provide a new perspective to explore the adaptation strategy of cyanobacteria in Proterozoic and contemporary sulfurization oceans.
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18
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Xin Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Wu Y, Xia Y, Li H, Qu X. Cupriavidus pinatubonensis JMP134 Alleviates Sulfane Sulfur Toxicity after the Loss of Sulfane Dehydrogenase through Oxidation by Persulfide Dioxygenase and Hydrogen Sulfide Release. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020218. [PMID: 36837837 PMCID: PMC9959259 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An incomplete Sox system lacking sulfane dehydrogenase SoxCD may produce and accumulate sulfane sulfur when oxidizing thiosulfate. However, how bacteria alleviate the pressure of sulfane sulfur accumulation remains largely unclear. In this study, we focused on the bacterium Cupriavidus pinatubonensis JMP134, which contains a complete Sox system. When soxCD was deleted, this bacterium temporarily produced sulfane sulfur when oxidizing thiosulfate. Persulfide dioxygenase (PDO) in concert with glutathione oxidizes sulfane sulfur to sulfite. Sulfite can spontaneously react with extra persulfide glutathione (GSSH) to produce thiosulfate, which can feed into the incomplete Sox system again and be oxidized to sulfate. Furthermore, the deletion strain lacking PDO and SoxCD produced volatile H2S gas when oxidizing thiosulfate. By comparing the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) between the wild-type and deletion strains, we speculated that H2S is generated during the interaction between sulfane sulfur and the glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) redox couple, which may reduce the oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of sulfane sulfur in bacteria. Thus, PDO and H2S release play a critical role in alleviating sulfane sulfur toxicity after the loss of soxCD in C. pinatubonensis JMP134.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Xin
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (X.Q.); Tel.: +86-15562345068 (Y.X.)
| | - Yaxin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Honglin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Yu Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Huanjie Li
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiaohua Qu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (X.Q.); Tel.: +86-15562345068 (Y.X.)
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19
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Hou T, Zhou Y, Cao X, Li W, Zhang S, Zhao Y, Chen L, An Q, Meng L. Effects of microbial inoculum on microbial community and enzyme activity involved in nitrogen-sulfur metabolism during sewage sludge composting. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159954. [PMID: 36347297 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to access the effects of thermotolerant nitrifying microorganisms and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria on microbial community and enzyme activity involved in nitrogen‑sulfur metabolism during laboratory-scale sewage sludge (SS) composting,and to do a microbial-environmental factor association analysis to promote composting key species for nitrogen‑sulfur transformation in the body. The microbial community structure and the activities variation of six key enzyme involved were detected. The microbial inocula added had little impact on the diversity of the microbial community but changed its succession direction, and the abundance of Actinobacteria was decreased obviously of inoculation treatment (TR). The three dominant genera and indicator species in TR were significantly correlated with the conversion of nitrogen and sulfur. The addition of microbial inocula promoted the conversion of nitrogen and sulfur in SS compost, and increased the activities of the key enzymes and the microbial genera involved in nitrogen‑sulfur conversion. In other words, the nitrification and sulfur oxidation were enhanced simultaneously in the later stage of composting in TR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Hou
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150010, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150010, China
| | - Weiguang Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shumei Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150010, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qi An
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150010, China
| | - Liqiang Meng
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150010, China.
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20
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Han S, Li Y, Gao H. Generation and Physiology of Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Sulfur Species in Bacteria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122487. [PMID: 36552695 PMCID: PMC9774590 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur is not only one of the most abundant elements on the Earth, but it is also essential to all living organisms. As life likely began and evolved in a hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-rich environment, sulfur metabolism represents an early form of energy generation via various reactions in prokaryotes and has driven the sulfur biogeochemical cycle since. It has long been known that H2S is toxic to cells at high concentrations, but now this gaseous molecule, at the physiological level, is recognized as a signaling molecule and a regulator of critical biological processes. Recently, many metabolites of H2S, collectively called reactive sulfur species (RSS), have been gradually appreciated as having similar or divergent regulatory roles compared with H2S in living organisms, especially mammals. In prokaryotes, even in bacteria, investigations into generation and physiology of RSS remain preliminary and an understanding of the relevant biological processes is still in its infancy. Despite this, recent and exciting advances in the fields are many. Here, we discuss abiotic and biotic generation of H2S/RSS, sulfur-transforming enzymes and their functioning mechanisms, and their physiological roles as well as the sensing and regulation of H2S/RSS.
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21
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Fan K, Xu X, Xu F, Shi J, Sun K, Fedorova I, Ren N, Lee DJ, Chen C. A novel intra- and extracellular distribution pattern of elemental sulfur in Pseudomonas sp. C27-driven denitrifying sulfide removal process. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113674. [PMID: 35700768 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas sp. C27 can achieve the conversion of toxic sulfide to economical elemental sulfur (S0) with various electron acceptors. In this study the distribution pattern of S0 produced by C27 in denitrifying sulfide removal (DSR) process was explored. The SEM observation identified that the particle size of the biogenic S0 was at micron level. Strikingly, a novel distribution pattern of S0 was revealed that the produced S0 was not directly secreted extracellularly, but be stored temporarily in the cell interior. Pyrolysis at 65 °C for 20 min were recommended prior to S0 recovery, which could maximize the separation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from C27. Furthermore, the effects of N/S molar ratio, initial sulfide concentration, and micro-oxygen condition were investigated to improve the production of S0 by C27. The highest S0 production was obtained at S/N of 3 and anaerobic condition seemed to favor the S0 production by C27. This study would provide a theoretical support for highly efficient sulfide removal as well as S0 recovery in sulfide-laden wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China
| | - Xijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China
| | - Fan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China
| | - Kai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China
| | - Irina Fedorova
- Department of Geoecology and Natural Resource Management, Saint Petersburg State University, Institute of Earth Science, Russia
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China.
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22
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Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 Uses Peroxiredoxin to Cope with Reactive Sulfur Species Stress. mBio 2022; 13:e0103922. [PMID: 35861504 PMCID: PMC9426444 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01039-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are a widely distributed group of microorganisms in the ocean, and they often need to cope with the stress of reactive sulfur species, such as sulfide and sulfane sulfur. Sulfane sulfur refers to the various forms of zero-valent sulfur, including persulfide, polysulfide, and element sulfur (S8). Although sulfane sulfur participates in signaling transduction and resistance to reactive oxygen species in cyanobacteria, it is toxic at high concentrations and induces sulfur stress, which has similar effects to oxidative stress. In this study, we report that Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 uses peroxiredoxin to cope with the stress of cellular sulfane sulfur. Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 contains six peroxiredoxins, and all were induced by S8. Peroxiredoxin I (PrxI) reduced S8 to H2S by forming a disulfide bond between residues Cys53 and Cys153 of the enzyme. A partial deletion strain of Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 with decreased copy numbers of the prxI gene was more sensitive to S8 than was the wild type. Thus, peroxiredoxin is involved in maintaining the homeostasis of cellular sulfane sulfur in cyanobacteria. Given that peroxiredoxin evolved before the occurrence of O2 on Earth, its original function could have been to cope with reactive sulfur species stress, and that function has been preserved. IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria are the earliest microorganisms that perform oxygenic photosynthesis, which has played a key role in the evolution of life on Earth, and they are the most important primary producers in the modern oceans. The cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 uses peroxiredoxin to reduce high levels of sulfane sulfur. That function is possibly the original role of peroxiredoxin, as the enzyme evolved before the appearance of O2 on Earth. The preservation of the reduction of sulfane sulfur by peroxiredoxin5-type peroxiredoxins may offer cyanobacteria an advantage in the complex environment of the modern oceans.
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Full-Length Transcriptome Comparison Provides Novel Insights into the Molecular Basis of Adaptation to Different Ecological Niches of the Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent in Alvinocaridid Shrimps. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14050371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystem is one of the extreme chemoautotrophic environments. Shinkaicaris leurokolos Kikuchi and Hashimoto, 2000, and Alvinocaris longirostris Kikuchi and Ohta, 1995, are typically co-distributed and closely related alvinocaridid shrimps in hydrothermal vent areas with different ecological niches, providing an excellent model for studying the adaptive evolution mechanism of animals in the extreme deep-sea hydrothermal vent environment. The shrimp S. leurokolos lives in close proximity to the chimney vent discharging high-temperature fluid, while A. longirostris inhabits the peripheral areas of hydrothermal vents. In this study, full-length transcriptomes of S. leurokolos and A. longirostris were generated using a combination of single-molecule real-time (SMRT) and Illumina RNA-seq technology. Expression analyses of the transcriptomes showed that among the top 30% of highly expressed genes of each species, more genes related to sulfide and heavy metal metabolism (sulfide: quinone oxidoreductase, SQR; persulfide dioxygenase, ETHE1; thiosulfate sulfurtransferase, TST, and ferritin, FRI) were specifically highly expressed in S. leurokolos, while genes involved in maintaining epibiotic bacteria or pathogen resistance (beta-1,3-glucan-binding protein, BGBP; endochitinase, CHIT; acidic mammalian chitinase, CHIA, and anti-lipopolysaccharide factors, ALPS) were highly expressed in A. longirostris. Gene family expansion analysis revealed that genes related to anti-oxidant metabolism (cytosolic manganese superoxide dismutase, SODM; glutathione S-transferase, GST, and glutathione peroxidase, GPX) and heat stress (heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein, HSP70 and heat shock 70 kDa protein cognate 4, HSP7D) underwent significant expansion in S. leurokolos, while CHIA and CHIT involved in pathogen resistance significantly expanded in A. longirostris. Finally, 66 positively selected genes (PSGs) were identified in the vent shrimp S. leurokolos. Most of the PSGs were involved in DNA repair, antioxidation, immune defense, and heat stress response, suggesting their function in the adaptive evolution of species inhabiting the extreme vent microhabitat. This study provides abundant genetic resources for deep-sea invertebrates, and is expected to lay the foundation for deep decipherment of the adaptive evolution mechanism of shrimps in a deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystem based on further whole-genome comparison.
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Ran M, Li Q, Xin Y, Ma S, Zhao R, Wang M, Xun L, Xia Y. Rhodaneses minimize the accumulation of cellular sulfane sulfur to avoid disulfide stress during sulfide oxidation in bacteria. Redox Biol 2022; 53:102345. [PMID: 35653932 PMCID: PMC9163753 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Sulfane Sulfur Posttranslationally Modifies the Global Regulator AdpA to Influence Actinorhodin Production and Morphological Differentiation of Streptomyces coelicolor. mBio 2022; 13:e0386221. [PMID: 35467418 PMCID: PMC9239190 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03862-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor AdpA is a key regulator controlling both secondary metabolism and morphological differentiation in Streptomyces. Due to its critical functions, its expression undergoes multilevel regulations at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and translational levels, yet no posttranslational regulation has been reported. Sulfane sulfur, such as hydro polysulfide (HSnH, n ≥ 2) and organic polysulfide (RSnH, n ≥ 2), is common inside microorganisms, but its physiological functions are largely unclear. Here, we discovered that sulfane sulfur posttranslationally modifies AdpA in Streptomyces coelicolor via specifically reacting with Cys62 of AdpA to form a persulfide (Cys62-SSH). This modification decreases the affinity of AdpA to its self-promoter PadpA, allowing increased expression of adpA, further promoting the expression of its target genes actII-4 and wblA. ActII-4 activates actinorhodin biosynthesis, and WblA regulates morphological development. Bioinformatics analyses indicated that AdpA-Cys62 is highly conserved in Streptomyces, suggesting the prevalence of such modification in this genus. Thus, our study unveils a new type of regulation on the AdpA activity and sheds a light on how sulfane sulfur stimulates the production of antibiotics in Streptomyces.
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26
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Lin X, McNichol J, Chu X, Qian Y, Luo H. Cryptic niche differentiation of novel sediment ecotypes of Rugeria pomeroyi correlates with nitrate respiration. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:390-403. [PMID: 34964547 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Marine intertidal sediments fluctuate in redox conditions and nutrient availability, and they are also known as an important sink of nitrogen mainly through denitrification, yet how denitrifying bacteria adapt to this dynamic habitat remains largely untapped. Here, we investigated novel intertidal benthic ecotypes of the model pelagic marine bacterium Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3 with a population genomic approach. While differing by only 1.3% at the 16S rRNA gene level, members of the intertidal benthic ecotypes are complete denitrifiers whereas the pelagic ecotype representative (DSS-3) is a partial denitrifier lacking a nitrate reductase. The intertidal benthic ecotypes are further differentiated by using non-homologous nitrate reductases and a different set of genes that allow alleviating oxidative stress and acquiring organic substrates. In the presence of nitrate, the two ecotypes showed contrasting growth patterns under initial oxygen concentrations at 1 vol% versus 7 vol% and supplemented with different carbon sources abundant in intertidal sediments. Collectively, this combination of evidence indicates that there are cryptic niches in coastal intertidal sediments that support divergent evolution of denitrifying bacteria. This knowledge will in turn help understand how these benthic environments operate to effectively remove nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqin Lin
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jesse McNichol
- Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Xiao Chu
- Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yang Qian
- Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Haiwei Luo
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518000, China.,Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
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27
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The pathway of sulfide oxidation to octasulfur globules in the cytoplasm of aerobic bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 88:e0194121. [PMID: 34878813 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01941-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria can oxidize hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to produce sulfur globules. Although the process is common, the pathway is unclear. In recombinant Escherichia coli and wild-type Corynebacterium vitaeruminis DSM20294 with SQR but no enzymes to oxidize zero valence sulfur, SQR oxidized H2S into short-chain inorganic polysulfide (H2Sn, n≥2) and organic polysulfide (RSnH, n≥2), which reacted with each other to form long-chain GSnH (n≥2) and H2Sn before producing octasulfur (S8), the main component of elemental sulfur. GSnH also reacted with GSH to form GSnG (n≥2) and H2S; H2S was again oxidized by SQR. After GSH was depleted, SQR simply oxidized H2S to H2Sn, which spontaneously generated S8. S8 aggregated into sulfur globules in the cytoplasm. The results highlight the process of sulfide oxidation to S8 globules in the bacterial cytoplasm and demonstrate the potential of using heterotrophic bacteria with SQR to convert toxic H2S into relatively benign S8 globules. IMPORTANCE Our results support a process of H2S oxidation to produce octasulfur globules via SQR catalysis and spontaneous reactions in the bacterial cytoplasm. Since the process is an important event in geochemical cycling, a better understanding facilitates further studies and provides theoretical support for using heterotrophic bacteria with SQR to oxidize toxic H2S into sulfur globules for recovery.
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28
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Wang Q, Chen Z, Zhang X, Xin Y, Xia Y, Xun L, Liu H. Rhodanese Rdl2 produces reactive sulfur species to protect mitochondria from reactive oxygen species. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:287-298. [PMID: 34748908 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria damage is related to a broad spectrum of pathologies including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease, and carcinogenesis. Recently, it has been found that reactive sulfur species (RSS) has a close connection with mitochondrial health. However, the enzyme involving in mitochondrial RSS generation and the mechanism of how RSS affects mitochondrial health are not well understood. In this study, we discovered that rhodanese 2 (Rdl2) is the main enzyme responsible for RSS generation in S. cerevisiae mitochondria, in which no sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (Sqr) is present. Rdl2 releases sulfane sulfur atoms (S0) from stable S0 carriers (thiosulfate and dialkyl polysulfide) to produce RSS. Rdl2 deletion leads to morphological change, dysfunction, and DNA degradation of mitochondria. Rdl2-generated RSS can protect DNA from HO• attack. The reaction rate between RSS and HO• is ∼1010 M-1s-1, two magnitudes higher than that of HO• reacting with DNA. Surprisingly, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) promotes HO• production through stimulating the Fenton reaction, leading to increased DNA damage. This study highlights the antioxidation function of RSS in vivo and sheds a light on the elusive connection between RSS biogenesis and mitochondrial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Yuping Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; Department of Chemistry, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4630, USA.
| | - Huaiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
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Sulfane Sulfur Is a Strong Inducer of the Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Regulator MarR in Escherichia coli. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111778. [PMID: 34829649 PMCID: PMC8614764 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfane sulfur, including persulfide and polysulfide, is produced from the metabolism of sulfur-containing organic compounds or from sulfide oxidation. It is a normal cellular component, participating in signaling. In bacteria, it modifies gene regulators to activate the expression of genes involved in sulfur metabolism. However, to determine whether sulfane sulfur is a common signal in bacteria, additional evidence is required. The ubiquitous multiple antibiotic resistance regulator (MarR) family of regulators controls the expression of numerous genes, but the intrinsic inducers are often elusive. Recently, two MarR family members, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MexR and Staphylococcus aureus MgrA, have been reported to sense sulfane sulfur. Here, we report that Escherichia coli MarR, the prototypical member of the family, also senses sulfane sulfur to form one or two disulfide or trisulfide bonds between two dimers. Although the tetramer with two disulfide bonds does not bind to its target DNA, our results suggest that the tetramer with one disulfide bond does bind to its target DNA, with reduced affinity. An MarR-repressed mKate reporter is strongly induced by polysulfide in E. coli. Further investigation is needed to determine whether sulfane sulfur is a common signal of the family members, but three members sense cellular sulfane sulfur to turn on antibiotic resistance genes. The findings offer additional support for a general signaling role of sulfane sulfur in bacteria.
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30
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Zhang X, Xin Y, Chen Z, Xia Y, Xun L, Liu H. Sulfide-quinone oxidoreductase is required for cysteine synthesis and indispensable to mitochondrial health. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102169. [PMID: 34688157 PMCID: PMC8577491 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is related to common age-related disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndrome, and carcinogenesis. Therefore, maintaining the functionality and integrity of mitochondria is important for human health. Herein, we found that sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (Sqr), which oxidizes hydrogen sulfide to reactive sulfur species (RSS), was indispensable to mitochondria health in the eukaryotic model microorganism Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Sqr knock-out led to morphological changes and functional deficiencies of mitochondria and apoptosis in S. pombe. The Sqr knock-out strain displayed the same phenotypes as the cysteine-synthesis-deficient strain, and cysteine addition complemented the effects caused by Sqr knock-out. In S. pombe, Sqr was the main RSS producer in mitochondria, and RSS instead of H2S was used by cysteine synthase to synthesize cysteine. This finding rewrites the cysteine biosynthesis route in S. pombe and may also in other eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and highlights the importance of cysteine and RSS in maintaining mitochondrial health. Sqr is an important RSS producer in mitochondria. RSS is involved in cysteine de novo biosynthesis. It is the de facto substrate of cysteine synthase. Sqr is required for maintaining the health of mitochondria, might be a new target for inhibiting cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Yuping Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; Department of Chemistry, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4630, USA.
| | - Huaiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
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31
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Chen Z, Yang G, Hao X, Samak NA, Jia Y, Peh S, Mu T, Yang M, Xing J. Recent advances in microbial capture of hydrogen sulfide from sour gas via sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:693-708. [PMID: 34690639 PMCID: PMC8518563 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological desulfurization offers several remarkably environmental advantages of operation at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure, no demand of toxic chemicals as well as the formation of biologically re-usable sulfur (S0), which has attracted increasing attention compared to conventionally physicochemical approaches in removing hydrogen sulfide from sour gas. However, the low biomass of SOB, the acidification of process solution, the recovery of SOB, and the selectivity of bio-S0 limit its industrial application. Therefore, more efforts should be made in the improvement of the BDS process for its industrial application via different research perspectives. This review summarized the recent research advances in the microbial capture of hydrogen sulfide from sour gas based on strain modification, absorption enhancement, and bioreactor modification. Several efficient solutions to limitations for the BDS process were proposed, which paved the way for the future development of BDS industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- College of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Gama Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- College of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Xuemi Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- College of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Nadia A. Samak
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- College of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Processes Design and Development DepartmentEgyptian Petroleum Research InstituteCairoEgypt
| | - Yunpu Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- College of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Sumit Peh
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- College of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Tingzhen Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Maohua Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Jianmin Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- College of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
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Wang Q, Li H, Xia Y, Xun L, Liu H. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rhodanese RDL2 Uses the Arg Residue of the Active-Site Loop for Thiosulfate Decomposition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101525. [PMID: 34679660 PMCID: PMC8533005 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Persulfide, polysulfide and thiosulfate are examples of sulfane sulfur containing chemicals that play multiple functions in biological systems. Rhodaneses are widely present in all three kingdoms of life, which catalyze sulfur transfer among these sulfane sulfur-containing chemicals. The mechanism of how rhodaneses function is not well understood. Saccharomyces cerevisiae rhodanese 2 (RDL2) is involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and cell cycle control. Herein, we report a 2.47 Å resolution structure of RDL2 co-crystallized with thiosulfate (PDB entry: 6K6R). The presence of an extra sulfur atom Sδ, forming a persulfide bond with the Sγ atom of Cys106, was observed. Distinct from the persulfide groups in GlpE (PDB entry:1GMX) and rhobov (PDB entry:1BOI), the persulfide group of RDL2 is located in a peanut-like pocket of the neutral electrostatic field and is far away from positively charged amino acid residues of its active-site loop, suggesting no interaction between them. This finding suggests that the positively charged amino acid residues are not involved in the stabilization of the persulfide group. Activity assays indicate that the Arg111 of the active-site loop is critical for the sulfane sulfur transfer. In vitro assays indicate that Arg propels the thiosulfate decomposition. Thus, we propose that Arg can offer a hydrogen bond-rich, acidic-like microenvironment in RDL2 in which thiosulfate decomposes to release sulfane sulfur. Thr of the active-site loop of rhodaneses has the same functions as Arg. Our proposal may explain the catalyzing mechanism of rhodaneses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Q.W.); (Y.X.); (L.X.)
| | - Huanjie Li
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 260024, China;
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Q.W.); (Y.X.); (L.X.)
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Q.W.); (Y.X.); (L.X.)
- Department of Chemistry, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
| | - Huaiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; (Q.W.); (Y.X.); (L.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-532-5863-1572
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Xuan G, Lv C, Xu H, Li K, Liu H, Xia Y, Xun L. Sulfane Sulfur Regulates LasR-Mediated Quorum Sensing and Virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091498. [PMID: 34573130 PMCID: PMC8469610 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfane sulfur, such as inorganic and organic polysulfide (HSn- and RSn-, n > 2), is a common cellular component, produced either from hydrogen sulfide oxidation or cysteine metabolism. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, LasR is a quorum sensing master regulator. After binding its autoinducer, LasR binds to its target DNA to activate the transcription of a suite of genes, including virulence factors. Herein, we report that the production of hydrogen sulfide and sulfane sulfur were positively correlated in P. aeruginosa PAO1, and sulfane sulfur was able to modify LasR, which generated Cys188 persulfide and trisulfide and produced a pentasulfur link between Cys201 and Cys203. The modifications did not affect LasR binding to its target DNA site, but made it several-fold more effective than unmodified LasR in activating transcription in both in vitro and in vivo assays. On the contrary, H2O2 inactivates LasR via producing a disulfide bond between Cys201 and Cys203. P. aeruginosa PAO1 had a high cellular sulfane sulfur and high LasR activity in the mid log phase and early stationary phase, but a low sulfane sulfur and low LasR activity in the declination phase. Thus, sulfane sulfur is a new signaling factor in the bacterium, adding another level of control over LasR-mediated quorum sensing and turning down the activity in old cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (G.X.); (C.L.); (H.X.); (K.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Chuanjuan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (G.X.); (C.L.); (H.X.); (K.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Huangwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (G.X.); (C.L.); (H.X.); (K.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (G.X.); (C.L.); (H.X.); (K.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Huaiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (G.X.); (C.L.); (H.X.); (K.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (G.X.); (C.L.); (H.X.); (K.L.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (L.X.); Tel.: +86-532-5863-1572 (Y.X.); +1-509-335-2787 (L.X.)
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (G.X.); (C.L.); (H.X.); (K.L.); (H.L.)
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7520, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (L.X.); Tel.: +86-532-5863-1572 (Y.X.); +1-509-335-2787 (L.X.)
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Chen Z, Xia Y, Liu H, Liu H, Xun L. The Mechanisms of Thiosulfate Toxicity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050646. [PMID: 33922196 PMCID: PMC8146336 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Elemental sulfur and sulfite have been used to inhibit the growth of yeasts, but thiosulfate has not been reported to be toxic to yeasts. We observed that thiosulfate was more inhibitory than sulfite to Saccharomyces cerevisiae growing in a common yeast medium. At pH < 4, thiosulfate was a source of elemental sulfur and sulfurous acid, and both were highly toxic to the yeast. At pH 6, thiosulfate directly inhibited the electron transport chain in yeast mitochondria, leading to reductions in oxygen consumption, mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular ATP. Although thiosulfate was converted to sulfite and H2S by the mitochondrial rhodanese Rdl1, its toxicity was not due to H2S as the rdl1-deletion mutant that produced significantly less H2S was more sensitive to thiosulfate than the wild type. Evidence suggests that thiosulfate inhibits cytochrome c oxidase of the electron transport chain in yeast mitochondria. Thus, thiosulfate is a potential agent against yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.C.); (Y.X.); (H.L.)
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.C.); (Y.X.); (H.L.)
| | - Huaiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.C.); (Y.X.); (H.L.)
| | - Honglei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.C.); (Y.X.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (L.X.); Tel.: +86-15966642788 (H.L.); +1-509-335-2787 (L.X.)
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China; (Z.C.); (Y.X.); (H.L.)
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 991647520, USA
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (L.X.); Tel.: +86-15966642788 (H.L.); +1-509-335-2787 (L.X.)
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Lu T, Cao Q, Pang X, Xia Y, Xun L, Liu H. Sulfane sulfur-activated actinorhodin production and sporulation is maintained by a natural gene circuit in Streptomyces coelicolor. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1917-1932. [PMID: 32776457 PMCID: PMC7533328 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfane sulfur, including polysulfide and persulfide, is a newly identified cellular component present in microorganisms; however, its physiological functions are unclear. Streptomyces coelicolor M145 is a model strain of actinomycetes, which produces several polyketides, including actinorhodin. Herein, we found that both exogenously added and endogenously generated sulfane sulfur increased the actinorhodin production and accelerated spore formation of S. coelicolor M145. This bacterial species carries a natural gene circuit containing four genes that encode a CsoR-like transcription factor (ScCsoR), persulfide dioxygenase (ScPDO), rhodanese and a sulfite transporter, which were shown to be responsible for sensing and removal of excessive sulfane sulfur. ScCsoR was observed to bind to the promoters of the four genes, thus repressing their transcription. Sulfane sulfur modified Cys37 of ScCsoR, and the modified ScCSoR did not bind to the promoters, thereby activating the transcription of ScPDO. The deletion of ScCsoR decreased cellular sulfane sulfur, while the deletion of ScPDO increased its levels. The increased sulfane sulfur promoted actinorhodin production and sporulation. This study unveiled a natural gene circuit for maintaining sulfane sulfur homeostasis in bacteria. Further, we identified the trigger effect of sulfane sulfur on actinorhodin production, presenting a new approach for activating polyketide gene clusters in actinomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266200China
| | - Qun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266200China
| | - Xiuhua Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266200China
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266200China
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266200China
- School of Molecular BiosciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWA991647520USA
| | - Huaiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266200China
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The Heterotrophic Bacterium Cupriavidus pinatubonensis JMP134 Oxidizes Sulfide to Sulfate with Thiosulfate as a Key Intermediate. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01835-20. [PMID: 32917752 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01835-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrophic bacteria actively participate in the biogeochemical cycle of sulfur on Earth. The heterotrophic bacterium Cupriavidus pinatubonensis JMP134 contains several enzymes involved in sulfur oxidation, but how these enzymes work together to oxidize sulfide in the bacterium has not been studied. Using gene-deletion and whole-cell assays, we determined that the bacterium uses sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase to oxidize sulfide to polysulfide, which is further oxidized to sulfite by persulfide dioxygenase. Sulfite spontaneously reacts with polysulfide to produce thiosulfate. The sulfur-oxidizing (Sox) system oxidizes thiosulfate to sulfate. Flavocytochrome c sulfide dehydrogenase enhances thiosulfate oxidation by the Sox system but couples with the Sox system for sulfide oxidation to sulfate in the absence of sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase. Thus, C. pinatubonensis JMP134 contains a main pathway and a contingent pathway for sulfide oxidation.IMPORTANCE We establish a new pathway of sulfide oxidation with thiosulfate as a key intermediate in Cupriavidus pinatubonensis JMP134. The bacterium mainly oxidizes sulfide by using sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase, persulfide dioxygenase, and the Sox system with thiosulfate as a key intermediate. Although the purified and reconstituted Sox system oxidizes sulfide, its rate of sulfide oxidation in C. pinatubonensis JMP134 is too low to be physiologically relevant. The findings reveal how these sulfur-oxidizing enzymes participate in sulfide oxidation in a single bacterium.
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A Red Fluorescent Protein-Based Probe for Detection of Intracellular Reactive Sulfane Sulfur. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100985. [PMID: 33066305 PMCID: PMC7602056 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive sulfane sulfur, including persulfide and polysulfide, is a type of regular cellular component, playing an antioxidant role. Its function may be organelle-dependent; however, the shortage of probes for detecting organellar reactive sulfane sulfur has hindered further investigation. Herein, we reported a red fluorescent protein (mCherry)-based probe for specifically detecting intracellular reactive sulfane sulfur. By mutating two amino acid residues of mCherry (A150 and S151) to cysteine residues, we constructed a mCherry mutant, which reacted with reactive sulfane sulfur to form an intramolecular –Sn– bond (n ≥ 3). The bond largely decreased the intensity of 610 nm emission (excitation at 587 nm) and slightly increased the intensity of 466 nm emission (excitation at 406 nm). The 466/610 nm emission ratio was used to indicate the relative abundance of reactive sulfane sulfur. We then expressed this mutant in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The 466/610 nm emission ratio revealed that mitochondria had a higher level of reactive sulfane sulfur than cytoplasm. Thus, the mCherry mutant can be used as a specific probe for detecting reactive sulfane sulfur in vivo.
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Xuan G, Lü C, Xu H, Chen Z, Li K, Liu H, Liu H, Xia Y, Xun L. Sulfane Sulfur is an intrinsic signal activating MexR-regulated antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mol Microbiol 2020; 114:1038-1048. [PMID: 32875640 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, an opportunistic human pathogen, deploys several strategies to resist antibiotics. It uses multidrug efflux pumps, including the MexAB-OprM pump, for antibiotic resistance, and it also produces hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) that provides some defense against antibiotics. MexR functions as a transcriptional repressor of the mexAB-oprM operon. MexR responds to oxidative stresses caused by antibiotic exposure, and it also displays a growth phase-dependent derepression of the mexAB-oprM operon. However, the intrinsic inducer has not been identified. Here, we report that P. aeruginosa PAO1 produced sulfane sulfur, including glutathione persulfide and inorganic polysulfide, produced from either H2 S oxidation or from L-cysteine metabolism. Sulfane sulfur directly reacted with MexR, forming di- and trisulfide cross-links between two Cys residues, to derepress the mexAB-oprM operon. Levels of cellular sulfane sulfur and mexAB-oprM expression varied during growth, and both reached the maximum during the stationary phase of growth. Thus, self-produced H2 S and sulfane sulfur may facilitate antibiotic resistance via inducing the expression of antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanjuan Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Huangwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.,School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Niu K, Liu Z, Feng Y, Gao T, Wang Z, Zhang P, Du Z, Gao D, Fang X. A novel strategy for efficient disaccharides synthesis from glucose by β-glucosidase. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-020-00334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractOligosaccharides have important therapeutic applications. A useful route for oligosaccharides synthesis is reverse hydrolysis by β-glucosidase. However, the low conversion efficiency of disaccharides from monosaccharides limits its large-scale production because the equilibrium is biased in the direction of hydrolysis. Based on the analysis of the docking results, we hypothesized that the hydropathy index of key amino acid residues in the catalytic site is closely related with disaccharide synthesis and more hydrophilic residues located in the catalytic site would enhance reverse hydrolysis activity. In this study, positive variants TrCel1bI177S, TrCel1bI177S/I174S, and TrCel1bI177S/I174S/W173H, and one negative variant TrCel1bN240I were designed according to the Hydropathy Index For Enzyme Activity (HIFEA) strategy. The reverse hydrolysis with TrCel1bI177S/I174S/W173H was accelerated and then the maximum total production (195.8 mg/mL/mg enzyme) of the synthesized disaccharides was increased by 3.5-fold compared to that of wild type. On the contrary, TrCel1bN240I lost reverse hydrolysis activity. The results demonstrate that the average hydropathy index of the key amino acid residues in the catalytic site of TrCel1b is an important factor for the synthesis of laminaribiose, sophorose, and cellobiose. The HIFEA strategy provides a new perspective for the rational design of β-glucosidases used for the synthesis of oligosaccharides.
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Zhang RC, Chen C, Wang W, Shao B, Xu XJ, Zhou X, Lee DJ, Ren NQ. The stimulating metabolic mechanisms response to sulfide and oxygen in typical heterotrophic sulfide-oxidizing nitrate-reducing bacteria Pseudomonas C27. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 309:123451. [PMID: 32361619 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Micro-aeration is an effective tool that helps integrated autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification process to withstand high sulfide concentration by making heterotrophic sulfide-oxidizing nitrate-reducing bacteria (h-soNRB) prevail. For further understanding of the dominance of h-soNRB, Pseudomonas C27 was selected as the typical bacterium and its metabolic characteristics responding to sulfide and oxygen stimulation were studied. Under high sulfide concentration condition, addition of trace oxygen led to a two-stage sulfide oxidation process, and sulfide oxidation rate in the first stage was 1.4 times more than that under anaerobic condition. According to transcriptome analysis, the pdo gene significantly up-regulated 2.36 and 2.57 times with and without oxygen under stimulation of high sulfide concentration. Additionally, two possible enhanced sulfide removal pathways coping with high sulfide concentration, namely sqr-cysI-gpx-gor-glpE and cysK-gshA-gshB-pdo-glpE, caused by oxygen were proposed in Pseudomonas C27. These findings provide a theoretical basis for locating high-efficiency sulfur oxidase in h-soNRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Chen Zhang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China
| | - Bo Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China
| | - Xi-Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China
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Zhang RC, Chen C, Shao B, Wang W, Xu XJ, Zhou X, Xiang YN, Zhao L, Lee DJ, Ren NQ. Heterotrophic sulfide-oxidizing nitrate-reducing bacteria enables the high performance of integrated autotrophic-heterotrophic denitrification (IAHD) process under high sulfide loading. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 178:115848. [PMID: 32361288 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Micro-aerobic enhancement technology has been developed as an effective tool to enhance simultaneous removal of sulfide, nitrate and organic carbon during the integrated autotrophic-heterotrophic denitrification (IAHD) process under high loading; however, its mechanism of enhancement for functional bacteria remains ambiguous. In this study, we discovered that heterotrophic sulfide-oxidizing nitrate-reducing bacteria (h-soNRB) are responsible for enhancing IAHD performance under micro-aerobic conditions with high sulfide loading. In a continuous IAHD bioreactor, aeration rate of 2.6 mL min-1·L-1 promoted 2 to 4 times higher removal efficiencies of sulfide, nitrate and acetate with an influent sulfide concentration of 18.75 mmol/L. Metagenomic analysis revealed that trace oxygen stimulated the abundance of genes responsible for sulfide oxidation (sqr, glpE, pdo, sox and cysK), which were upregulated by 15.2%-129.9%, and the genes encoding nitrate reductase were up-regulated by 67.4%. The increased acetate removal efficiency was attributed to upregulation of ack, pta and TCA cycle related genes. The h-NRB Pseudomonas, Azoarcus, Thauera and Halomonas were detected and regarded as h-soNRB in our bioreactor. According to Illumina MiSeq sequencing, these genera were absolutely dominant in the micro-aerobic microbial community at relative abundances ranging from 82.72% to 90.84%. The sulfide, nitrate and acetate removal rates of Pseudomonas C27, a typical h-soNRB, were at least 10 times higher under micro-aerobic conditions than under anaerobic conditions. Besides, the sulfur, nitrogen and carbon metabolic network was constructed based on the Pseudomonas C27 genome. The pdo and cysK genes found in this strain may be the most advantageous for autotrophic sulfide oxidizing nitrate reducing bacteria (a-soNRB), which are closely related to the high-efficiency sulfide, nitrate and acetate removal performance under high sulfide concentrations and a limited oxygen supply. In addition, after micro-aerobic cultivation, the anaerobic sulfide loading tolerance of the IAHD bioreactor increased from 18.75 to 37.5 mmol/L with sulfide, nitrate and acetate removal efficiencies increasing 1.5 to 3 times, which suggests that intermittent micro-aeration might be a more economical and efficient regime for high-sulfide IAHD regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China; School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China.
| | - Bo Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China
| | - Xi-Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yu-Nong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China
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Walsh BJC, Wang J, Edmonds KA, Palmer LD, Zhang Y, Trinidad JC, Skaar EP, Giedroc DP. The Response of Acinetobacter baumannii to Hydrogen Sulfide Reveals Two Independent Persulfide-Sensing Systems and a Connection to Biofilm Regulation. mBio 2020; 11:e01254-20. [PMID: 32576676 PMCID: PMC7315123 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01254-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen that is the causative agent of several serious infections in humans, including pneumonia, sepsis, and wound and burn infections. A. baumannii is also capable of forming proteinaceous biofilms on both abiotic and epithelial cell surfaces. Here, we investigate the response of A. baumannii toward sodium sulfide (Na2S), known to be associated with some biofilms at oxic/anoxic interfaces. The addition of exogenous inorganic sulfide reveals that A. baumannii encodes two persulfide-sensing transcriptional regulators, a primary σ54-dependent transcriptional activator (FisR), and a secondary system controlled by the persulfide-sensing biofilm growth-associated repressor (BigR), which is only induced by sulfide in a fisR deletion strain. FisR activates an operon encoding a sulfide oxidation/detoxification system similar to that characterized previously in Staphylococcus aureus, while BigR regulates a secondary persulfide dioxygenase (PDO2) as part of yeeE-yedE-pdo2 sulfur detoxification operon, found previously in Serratia spp. Global S-sulfuration (persulfidation) mapping of the soluble proteome reveals 513 persulfidation targets well beyond FisR-regulated genes and includes five transcriptional regulators, most notably the master biofilm regulator BfmR and a poorly characterized catabolite regulatory protein (Crp). Both BfmR and Crp are well known to impact biofilm formation in A. baumannii and other organisms, respectively, suggesting that persulfidation of these regulators may control their activities. The implications of these findings on bacterial sulfide homeostasis, persulfide signaling, and biofilm formation are discussed.IMPORTANCE Although hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has long been known as a respiratory poison, recent reports in numerous bacterial pathogens reveal that H2S and more downstream oxidized forms of sulfur collectedly termed reactive sulfur species (RSS) function as antioxidants to combat host efforts to clear the infection. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptional and proteomic response of A. baumannii to exogenous sulfide as a model for how this important human pathogen manages sulfide/RSS homeostasis. We show that A. baumannii is unique in that it encodes two independent persulfide sensing and detoxification pathways that govern the speciation of bioactive sulfur in cells. The secondary persulfide sensor, BigR, impacts the expression of biofilm-associated genes; in addition, we identify two other transcriptional regulators known or projected to regulate biofilm formation, BfmR and Crp, as highly persulfidated in sulfide-exposed cells. These findings significantly strengthen the connection between sulfide homeostasis and biofilm formation in an important human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna J C Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Jiefei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Lauren D Palmer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yixiang Zhang
- Laboratory for Biological Mass Spectrometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Jonathan C Trinidad
- Laboratory for Biological Mass Spectrometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Eric P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David P Giedroc
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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43
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Zhang J, Liu R, Xi S, Cai R, Zhang X, Sun C. A novel bacterial thiosulfate oxidation pathway provides a new clue about the formation of zero-valent sulfur in deep sea. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:2261-2274. [PMID: 32457501 PMCID: PMC7608252 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0684-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Zero-valent sulfur (ZVS) has been shown to be a major sulfur intermediate in the deep-sea cold seep of the South China Sea based on our previous work, however, the microbial contribution to the formation of ZVS in cold seep has remained unclear. Here, we describe a novel thiosulfate oxidation pathway discovered in the deep-sea cold seep bacterium Erythrobacter flavus 21–3, which provides a new clue about the formation of ZVS. Electronic microscopy, energy-dispersive, and Raman spectra were used to confirm that E. flavus 21–3 effectively converts thiosulfate to ZVS. We next used a combined proteomic and genetic method to identify thiosulfate dehydrogenase (TsdA) and thiosulfohydrolase (SoxB) playing key roles in the conversion of thiosulfate to ZVS. Stoichiometric results of different sulfur intermediates further clarify the function of TsdA in converting thiosulfate to tetrathionate (−O3S–S–S–SO3−), SoxB in liberating sulfone from tetrathionate to form ZVS and sulfur dioxygenases (SdoA/SdoB) in oxidizing ZVS to sulfite under some conditions. Notably, homologs of TsdA, SoxB, and SdoA/SdoB widely exist across the bacteria including in Erythrobacter species derived from different environments. This strongly indicates that this novel thiosulfate oxidation pathway might be frequently used by microbes and plays an important role in the biogeochemical sulfur cycle in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology & Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Rui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology & Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shichuan Xi
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment & Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruining Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology & Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment & Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chaomin Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology & Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China. .,Center of Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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44
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Shimizu T, Masuda S. Persulphide-responsive transcriptional regulation and metabolism in bacteria. J Biochem 2020; 167:125-132. [PMID: 31385583 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) impacts on bacterial growth both positively and negatively; it is utilized as an electron donor for photosynthesis and respiration, and it inactivates terminal oxidases and iron-sulphur clusters. Therefore, bacteria have evolved H2S-responsive detoxification mechanisms for survival. Sulphur assimilation in bacteria has been well studied, and sulphide:quinone oxidoreductase, persulphide dioxygenase, rhodanese and sulphite oxidase were reported as major sulphide-oxidizing enzymes of sulphide assimilation and detoxification pathways. However, how bacteria sense sulphide availability to control H2S and sulphide metabolism remains largely unknown. Recent studies have identified several bacterial (per)sulphide-sensitive transcription factors that change DNA-binding affinity through persulphidation of specific cysteine residues in response to highly reactive sulphur-containing chemicals and reactive sulphur species (RSS). This review focuses on current understanding of the persulphide-responsive transcription factors and RSS metabolism regulated by RSS sensory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Shimizu
- Department of General Systems Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komana, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Shinji Masuda
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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45
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Sensitive detection of low-concentration sulfide based on the synergistic effect of rGO, np-Au, and recombinant microbial cell. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 151:111985. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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46
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Liu D, Zhang J, Lü C, Xia Y, Liu H, Jiao N, Xun L, Liu J. Synechococcus sp. Strain PCC7002 Uses Sulfide:Quinone Oxidoreductase To Detoxify Exogenous Sulfide and To Convert Endogenous Sulfide to Cellular Sulfane Sulfur. mBio 2020; 11:e03420-19. [PMID: 32098824 PMCID: PMC7042703 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03420-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eutrophication and deoxygenation possibly occur in coastal waters due to excessive nutrients from agricultural and aquacultural activities, leading to sulfide accumulation. Cyanobacteria, as photosynthetic prokaryotes, play significant roles in carbon fixation in the ocean. Although some cyanobacteria can use sulfide as the electron donor for photosynthesis under anaerobic conditions, little is known on how they interact with sulfide under aerobic conditions. In this study, we report that Synechococcus sp. strain PCC7002 (PCC7002), harboring an sqr gene encoding sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR), oxidized self-produced sulfide to S0, present as persulfide and polysulfide in the cell. The Δsqr mutant contained less cellular S0 and had increased expression of key genes involved in photosynthesis, but it was less competitive than the wild type in cocultures. Further, PCC7002 with SQR and persulfide dioxygenase (PDO) oxidized exogenous sulfide to tolerate high sulfide levels. Thus, SQR offers some benefits to cyanobacteria even under aerobic conditions, explaining the common presence of SQR in cyanobacteria.IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria are a major force for primary production via oxygenic photosynthesis in the ocean. A marine cyanobacterium, PCC7002, is actively involved in sulfide metabolism. It uses SQR to detoxify exogenous sulfide, enabling it to survive better than its Δsqr mutant in sulfide-rich environments. PCC7002 also uses SQR to oxidize endogenously generated sulfide to S0, which is required for the proper expression of key genes involved in photosynthesis. Thus, SQR has at least two physiological functions in PCC7002. The observation provides a new perspective for the interplays of C and S cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daixi Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Joint Lab for Ocean Research and Education at Dalhousie University, Shandong University and Xiamen University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiajie Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Joint Lab for Ocean Research and Education at Dalhousie University, Shandong University and Xiamen University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuanjuan Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huaiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- Joint Lab for Ocean Research and Education at Dalhousie University, Shandong University and Xiamen University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Jihua Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Joint Lab for Ocean Research and Education at Dalhousie University, Shandong University and Xiamen University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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47
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Lahme S, Callbeck CM, Eland LE, Wipat A, Enning D, Head IM, Hubert CR. Comparison of sulfide‐oxidizing
Sulfurimonas
strains reveals a new mode of thiosulfate formation in subsurface environments. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:1784-1800. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Lahme
- School of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle University Devonshire Building (3rd floor) Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | | | - Lucy E. Eland
- School of ComputingNewcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Anil Wipat
- School of ComputingNewcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Dennis Enning
- ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company Spring Texas USA
| | - Ian M. Head
- School of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle University Devonshire Building (3rd floor) Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Casey R.J. Hubert
- School of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle University Devonshire Building (3rd floor) Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Calgary Calgary Canada
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48
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Yang B, Xu J, Zhu HL. Recent progress in the small-molecule fluorescent probes for the detection of sulfur dioxide derivatives (HSO 3-/SO 32-). Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 145:42-60. [PMID: 31525454 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) had been recognized as an environmental pollutant produced from industrial processes. SO2 is water soluble and forms hydrated SO2 (SO2·H2O), bisulfite ion (HSO3-), and sulfite ion (SO32-) upon dissolution in water. SO2 could be also produced endogenously from sulfur-containing amino acids l-cysteine in mammals. Endogenous SO2 can maintain the balance of biological sulfur and redox equilibrium in vivo, regulate blood insulin levels and reduce blood pressure. Excess intake of exogenous SO2 can result in respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders. As a result, fluorescent probes to detect HSO3-/SO32- have attracted great attention in recent years. Herein, a general overview was provided with the aim to highlight the typical examples of the HSO3-/SO32- fluorescent probes reported since 2010, especially those in the past five years. We have classified HSO3-/SO32- fluorescent probes through different chemical reaction mechanisms and wish this review will give some help to the researchers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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49
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Mannacharaju M, Chittybabu S, Sheikh John SB, Somasundaram S, Ganesan S. Bio catalytic oxidation of sulphide laden wastewater from leather industry using sulfide: Quinone oxidoreductase immobilized bio reactor. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2019.1666107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Mannacharaju
- Environmental Science and Engineering Division, CSIR – Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, India
| | - Sridevi Chittybabu
- Department of Nanotechnology, Anna University Regional Campus, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - Swarnalatha Somasundaram
- Environmental Science and Engineering Division, CSIR – Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, India
| | - Sekaran Ganesan
- Environmental Science and Engineering Division, CSIR – Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, India
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50
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Liu H, Fan K, Li H, Wang Q, Yang Y, Li K, Xia Y, Xun L. Synthetic Gene Circuits Enable Escherichia coli To Use Endogenous H 2S as a Signaling Molecule for Quorum Sensing. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:2113-2120. [PMID: 31386360 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms often use specific autoinducers other than common metabolites for quorum sensing (QS). Herein, we demonstrated that Escherichia coli produced sulfide (H2S, HS-, and S2-) with the concentrations proportionally correlated to its cell density. We then designed synthetic gene circuits that used H2S as an autoinducer for quorum sensing. A sulfide/quinone oxidoreductase converted diffusible H2S to indiffusible hydrogen polysulfide (HSnH, n ≥ 2), and a gene regulator CstR sensed the latter to turn on the gene expression. We constructed three element libraries, with which 24 different circuits could be assembled for adjustable sensitivity to cell density. The H2S-mediated gene circuits endowed E. coli cells within the same batch or microcolony with highly synchronous behaviors. Using them we successfully constructed cell factories capable of an autonomous switch from growth phase to production phase. Thus, these circuits provide a new tool-kit for metabolic engineering and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaili Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongzhen Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luying Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People’s Republic of China
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7520, United States
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