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Voisin DR, Takahashi L, Miller DB, Hong JS. Bullying victimization and perpetration: some answers and more questions. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2023; 99:309-311. [PMID: 37148910 PMCID: PMC10373151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dexter R Voisin
- Case Western Reserve University, The Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Lois Takahashi
- University of Southern California, Sol Price School of Public Policy, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - David B Miller
- Case Western Reserve University, The Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jun Sung Hong
- Wayne State University, School of Social Work, Detroit, MI, USA; Ewha Womans University, Department of Social Welfare, Seodaemun-Gu, South Korea
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2
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Maas MK, Gal T, Cary KM, Greer K. Popular Culture and Pornography Education to Improve the Efficacy of Secondary School Staff Response to Student Sexual Harassment. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SEXUALITY EDUCATION 2022; 17:435-457. [PMID: 37274148 PMCID: PMC10237037 DOI: 10.1080/15546128.2022.2076757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As middle and high school students consume and create their own pornography or use it as a form of violence perpetration known as image-based sexual abuse, school staff struggle to find appropriate responses to these issues. As pornography use becomes more prevalent, and discourse on sexual violence more public, pornography education could become a tool for preventing sexual violence and promoting sexual health. In response, we explored the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of PopPorn, a 4-module pornography and IBSA professional development training program in a sample of staff who work for Midwestern public schools (i.e., schools providing free public education funded by tax dollars and maintained by local government). Results indicate that the majority of staff perceive student pornography use and IBSA perpetration to be critical problems that negatively impact school climate. Results also indicate that the PopPorn brief intervention increases staff knowledge of and efficacy in addressing pornography and IBSA-related problems and reduces harmful sexual double standard attitudes that have been linked to victim blaming in instances of sexual violence. This promising program adds to a growing number of media and pornography literacy interventions aimed at improving sexual violence prevention and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Maas
- 13D Human Ecology Building, 552 West Circle Drive, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823
| | - Taryn Gal
- Michigan Organization of Adolescent Sexual Health, University of Washington
| | - Kyla M Cary
- 13D Human Ecology Building, 552 West Circle Drive, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823
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Shute RH. A Test in the High School Context of Berdahl's Status Theory of Sex-Based Harassment. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP735-NP752. [PMID: 29294953 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517734862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study, carried out in the high school context, is the first direct test of Berdahl's status theory of sex-based harassment. The theory covers not just male harassment of females, but female harassment of males and same-sex harassment. Participants were 771 males and 679 females, from Years 8 to 10, in five co-educational lower socioeconomic status (SES) Australian city schools, participating in a wider study of peer victimization. They indicated on a 5-point scale (from never to almost every day) how frequently they had experienced each of six sex-based harassment behaviors over the previous year, from same-sex and from opposite-sex peers, and responded to a question about sense of safety at school. Nonparametric analyses supported five of seven hypotheses derived from the theory: boys harassed others most often, girls were harassed most often, boy-to-girl harassment was the most frequent, girls harassed girls more than they did boys, and girl-to-boy harassment was the least frequent. However, contrary to the theory, boys' same-sex harassment was no more frequent than that between girls, and girl-to-girl harassment was just as threatening to victims' sense of safety as boy-to-boy harassment. The study largely supports Berdahl's theory. The unexpected results can be understood in terms of the intimate nature of adolescent girls' groups in high schools and their centrality for identity formation. In this context, girls are highly motivated to defend their status in terms of stereotypically feminine standards regarding appearance, sexual activity, and access to high-status boys. The theory implies that structural changes to reduce the salience of sex differences and sex stereotyping will be crucial to efforts to address sex-based harassment.
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Meiksin R, Crichton J, Dodd M, Morgan GS, Williams P, Willmott M, Allen E, Tilouche N, Sturgess J, Morris S, Barter C, Young H, Melendez-Torres GJ, Taylor B, Reyes HLM, Elbourne D, Sweeting H, Hunt K, Ponsford R, Campbell R, Bonell C. A school intervention for 13- to 15-year-olds to prevent dating and relationship violence: the Project Respect pilot cluster RCT. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3310/phr08050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
‘Dating and relationship violence’ is intimate partner violence during adolescence. Among dating adolescents in England, 66–75% of girls and 32–50% of boys report victimisation. Multicomponent school-based interventions might reduce dating and relationship violence. We optimised and piloted Project Respect, a new intervention in secondary schools in England, and study methods, to assess the value of a Phase III randomised controlled trial.
Objectives
To optimise Project Respect and to then conduct a pilot randomised controlled trial in southern England, addressing whether or not progression to a Phase III trial is justified in terms of prespecified criteria. To assess which of two dating and relationship violence scales is optimal, to assess response rates and to consider any necessary refinements.
Design
Optimisation activities aimed at intervention development and a pilot randomised controlled trial.
Setting
Optimisation in four secondary schools across southern England, varying by region and local deprivation. A pilot cluster randomised controlled trial in six other such schools (four intervention schools and two control schools), varying by region, attainment and local deprivation.
Participants
School students in years 8–10 at baseline and staff.
Interventions
Schools were randomised to the intervention or control arm in a 2 : 1 ratio; intervention comprised staff training, mapping ‘hotspots’ in school for dating and relationship violence, modifying staff patrols, school policy review, informing parents and carers, an application supporting student help-seeking, and a classroom curriculum for students in years 9 and 10 (including student-led campaigns).
Main outcome measures
Prespecified criteria for progression to Phase III of the trial, concerning acceptability, feasibility, fidelity and response rates. Primary health outcomes were assessed using the Safe Dates and short Conflicts in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory measures collected and analysed by individuals who were masked to allocation. Feasibility of economic analysis was assessed.
Data sources
Baseline and follow-up student and staff surveys, interviews, observations and logbooks.
Results
The intervention was optimised and approved by the Study Steering Committee. The student response rates in intervention and control groups were 1057 (84.8%) and 369 (76.6%) at baseline, and 1177 (76.8%) and 352 (83.4%) at follow-up, respectively. Safe Dates and the short Conflicts in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory had high levels of completion and reliability. At follow-up, prevalence of past-year dating and relationship violence victimisation was around 35% (Safe Dates scale and short Conflicts in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory). Staff response rates were very low. Training occurred in all four schools, with suboptimal fidelity. The curriculum was delivered with optimal fidelity in three schools. Other components were delivered inconsistently. Dating and relationship violence was addressed in control schools via violence prevention and responses, but not systematically. Intervention acceptability among students and staff was mixed. An economic evaluation would be feasible.
Limitations
One school did not undertake baseline surveys. Staff survey response rates were low and completion of the logbook was patchy.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that progression to a Phase III trial of this intervention is not indicated because of limited fidelity and acceptability.
Future work
High prevalence of dating and relationship violence highlights the ongoing need for effective intervention. Potential intervention refinements would include more external support for schools and enhanced curriculum materials. Any future randomised controlled trials could consider having a longer lead-in from randomisation to intervention commencement, using the short Conflicts in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory as the primary outcome and not relying on staff surveys.
Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN65324176.
Funding
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 8, No. 5. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Meiksin
- Department of Public Health, Society and Environments, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jo Crichton
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Dodd
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Gemma S Morgan
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Pippa Williams
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Micky Willmott
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elizabeth Allen
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nerissa Tilouche
- Department of Public Health, Society and Environments, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Joanna Sturgess
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Steve Morris
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christine Barter
- School of Social Work, Care and Community, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Honor Young
- School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | | | - Diana Elbourne
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Helen Sweeting
- Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kate Hunt
- Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Ruth Ponsford
- Department of Public Health, Society and Environments, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rona Campbell
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris Bonell
- Department of Public Health, Society and Environments, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Young H, Turney C, White J, Lewis R, Bonell C. Formative mixed-method multicase study research to inform the development of a safer sex and healthy relationships intervention in further education (FE) settings: the SaFE Project. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024692. [PMID: 31289053 PMCID: PMC6629453 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sexual health includes pleasurable, safe, sexual experiences free from coercion, discrimination and violence. In the UK, many young people's experiences fall short of this definition. This study aimed to inform the development of a safer sex and healthy relationships intervention for those aged 16-19 years studying in further education (FE) settings. DESIGN A formative mixed-method multicase study explored if and how to implement four components within a single intervention. SETTING Six FE settings in England and Wales and one sexual health charity participated between October and July 2015. PARTICIPANTS Focus groups with 134 FE students and 44 FE staff, and interviews with 11 FE managers and 12 sexual health charity staff, first explored whether four candidate intervention components were acceptable and could have sustained implementation. An e-survey with 2105 students and 163 staff then examined potential uptake and acceptability of components shortlisted in the first stage. Stakeholder consultation was then used to refine the intervention. INTERVENTION Informed by a review of evidence of effective interventions delivered in other settings, four candidate intervention components were identified which could promote safer sex and healthy relationships among those aged 16-19 years: 1) student-led sexual health action groups; 2) on-site sexual health and relationships services; 3) staff safeguarding training about sexual health and relationships and 4) sex and relationships education. RESULTS On-site sexual health and relationships services and staff safeguarding training about sexual health and relationships were key gaps in current FE provision and welcomed by staff, students and health professionals. Sex and relationships education and student-led sexual health action groups were not considered acceptable. CONCLUSIONS The SaFE intervention, comprising on-site sexual health and relationships services and staff safeguarding training in FE settings, may have potential promoting sexual health among FE students. Further optimisation and refinement with key stakeholders is required before piloting via cluster randomised controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honor Young
- Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Catherine Turney
- Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - James White
- Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Trials Research, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ruth Lewis
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christopher Bonell
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Public Health and Policy, London, UK
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Cho MK, Baek HC, Shin G. Gender-Based Experiences of Verbal Bullying in Adolescents: Application of Giorgi's Method. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2019; 57:45-51. [PMID: 30753732 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20190124-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Verbal bullying among adolescents, which has become increasingly prevalent in recent years, often involves swearing or sexually ridiculing one's family members or peers. Because many factors underlying the initiation of verbal bullying remain unknown, Giorgi's phenomenological method was used to examine the essence and meaning of verbal bullying among adolescents, which is an urgent issue in the field of nursing in South Korea. In this descriptive phenomenological study, researchers examined the behavior of 16 adolescents. Four themes emerged from examination: Egocentric Relational Violence, Learning Through Observation and Imitation, The Synchronization of Stigma and Aggression, and The Dilemma of Deviance and Habituation. Findings indicated that a confluence of factors impact verbal bullying among adolescents. To prevent verbal bullying, it is necessary to understand the progress of offenders' deviance and develop intervention activities through mental health services. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 57(6), 45-51.].
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Meiksin R, Allen E, Crichton J, Morgan GS, Barter C, Elbourne D, Hunt K, Melendez-Torres GJ, Morris S, Reyes HLMN, Sturgess J, Taylor B, Young H, Campbell R, Bonell C. Protocol for pilot cluster RCT of project respect: a school-based intervention to prevent dating and relationship violence and address health inequalities among young people. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2019; 5:13. [PMID: 30693093 PMCID: PMC6341537 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-019-0391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dating and relationship violence (DRV)—intimate partner violence during adolescence—encompasses physical, sexual and emotional abuse. DRV is associated with a range of adverse health outcomes including injuries, sexually transmitted infections, adolescent pregnancy and mental health issues. Experiencing DRV also predicts both victimisation and perpetration of partner violence in adulthood. Prevention targeting early adolescence is important because this is when dating behaviours begin, behavioural norms become established and DRV starts to manifest. Despite high rates of DRV victimisation in England, from 22 to 48% among girls and 12 to 27% among boys ages 14–17 who report intimate relationships, no RCTs of DRV prevention programmes have taken place in the UK. Informed by two school-based interventions that have shown promising results in RCTs in the USA—Safe Dates and Shifting Boundaries—Project Respect aims to optimise and pilot a DRV prevention programme for secondary schools in England. Methods Design: optimisation and pilot cluster RCT. Trial will include a process evaluation and assess the feasibility of conducting a phase III RCT with embedded economic evaluation. Cognitive interviewing will inform survey development. Participants: optimisation involves four schools and pilot RCT involves six (four intervention, two control). All are secondary schools in England. Baseline surveys conducted with students in years 8 and 9 (ages 12–14). Follow-up surveys conducted with the same cohort, 16 months post-baseline. Optimisation sessions to inform intervention and research methods will involve consultations with stakeholders, including young people. Intervention: school staff training, including guidance on reviewing school policies and addressing ‘hotspots’ for DRV and gender-based harassment; information for parents; informing students of a help-seeking app; and a classroom curriculum for students in years 9 and 10, including a student-led campaign. Primary outcome: the primary outcome of the pilot RCT will be whether progression to a phase III RCT is justified. Testing within the pilot will also determine which of two existing scales is optimal for assessing DRV victimisation and perpetration in a phase III RCT. Discussion This will be the first RCT of an intervention to prevent DRV in the UK. If findings indicate feasibility and acceptability, we will undertake planning for a phase III RCT of effectiveness. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN 65324176. Registered 8 June 2017. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40814-019-0391-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Meiksin
- 1London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT UK
| | - Elizabeth Allen
- 1London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT UK
| | - Joanna Crichton
- 2University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS UK
| | - Gemma S Morgan
- 2University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS UK
| | - Christine Barter
- 3University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire PR1 2HE UK
| | - Diana Elbourne
- 1London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT UK
| | - Kate Hunt
- 4University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA UK
| | | | - Steve Morris
- 6University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB UK
| | | | - Joanna Sturgess
- 1London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT UK
| | - Bruce Taylor
- 8NORC at the University of Chicago, 4350 East West Highway, Room 733, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - Honor Young
- 5Cardiff University, 1-3 Museum Place, Cardiff, CF10 3BD UK
| | - Rona Campbell
- 2University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS UK
| | - Chris Bonell
- 1London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT UK
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8
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Young H, Turney C, White J, Bonell C, Lewis R, Fletcher A. Dating and relationship violence among 16-19 year olds in England and Wales: a cross-sectional study of victimization. J Public Health (Oxf) 2018; 40:738-746. [PMID: 29136181 PMCID: PMC6306090 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdx139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dating and relationship violence (DRV) is under-researched in the UK, especially among Further Education (FE) students. This study examines the association between DRV victimization and socio-demographic characteristics, sexual identity and dating and relationship behaviours among 16-19 year olds FE students. Methods Cross-sectional self-report data were collected from 1751 students aged 16-19 at six FE settings in England and Wales. Factor analysis examined the structure of DRV victimization by gender. Multilevel logistic regression examined the odds ratios of DRV victimization according to socio-demographics, sexual identity and dating behaviours. Results DRV victimization clusters into two categories for females, and three for males. Among females, 46.1% experienced controlling behaviours and 31.6% threatening behaviours; 49.9% of males experienced controlling behaviours, 27.1% threatening behaviours and 5.8% online sexual violence. The odds of DRV victimization were 2-8 times greater for males and 2-4 times greater for females who had ever sent a sexually explicit image. No consistent association was found between DRV and age, spending money per week, educational attainment or meeting partners online. Conclusions The high prevalence, absence of gender differences and social patterning, suggests DRV victimization may be becoming normalized and is of significant public health importance for young people in England and Wales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James White
- DECIPHer, Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Chris Bonell
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ruth Lewis
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Sociology, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA, USA
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Seelman KL, Walker MB. Do Anti-Bullying Laws Reduce In-School Victimization, Fear-based Absenteeism, and Suicidality for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Questioning Youth? J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:2301-2319. [PMID: 30117086 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth are at heightened risk for bullying and other forms of in-school victimization. Anti-bullying laws are a potential policy mechanism for addressing this issue, yet there has been little investigation of the impact of such policies for this population using generalizable samples or quasi-experimental designs. The current study explores whether the presence of state anti-bullying laws predicts lower likelihood of bullying victimization, fear-based absenteeism, in-school threats or injury with a weapon, and suicidality for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning high school students in the United States. Based on Youth Risk Behavior Survey data across 22 states from 2005-2015, coupled with data about the presence of general and enumerated anti-bullying laws that include sexual orientation as a protected class, this study analyzes this topic using a quasi-experimental design (linear difference-in-difference models). The results indicate that lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning youth (particularly boys aged 15 or younger) experienced less bullying victimization in states with general or enumerated anti-bullying laws. There was modest evidence of a reduction in fear-based absenteeism among boys in states with such laws. However, there was little evidence of a relationship between such policies and in-school threats or injuries or suicidality. Further, lesbian, bisexual, and questioning girls' likelihood of victimization, absenteeism, or suicidality was generally not related to the presence of anti-bullying laws. The results suggest that general and enumerated anti-bullying laws may help reduce bullying victimization for gay, bisexual, and questioning boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie L Seelman
- School of Social Work, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302-3992, USA.
| | - Mary Beth Walker
- Department of Economics, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302-3992, USA
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Innamorati M, Parolin L, Tagini A, Santona A, Bosco A, De Carli P, Palmisano GL, Pergola F, Sarracino D. Attachment, Social Value Orientation, Sensation Seeking, and Bullying in Early Adolescence. Front Psychol 2018; 9:239. [PMID: 29535668 PMCID: PMC5835226 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, bullying is examined in light of the "prosocial security hypothesis"- i.e., the hypothesis that insecure attachment, with temperamental dispositions such as sensation seeking, may foster individualistic, competitive value orientations and problem behaviors. A group of 375 Italian students (53% female; Mean age = 12.58, SD = 1.08) completed anonymous questionnaires regarding attachment security, social values, sensation seeking, and bullying behaviors. Path analysis showed that attachment to mother was negatively associated with bullying of others, both directly and through the mediating role of conservative socially oriented values, while attachment to father was directly associated with victimization. Sensation seeking predicted bullying of others and victimization both directly and through the mediating role of conservative socially oriented values. Adolescents' gender affected how attachment moderated the relationship between sensation seeking and problem behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Innamorati
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie della Formazione, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Parolin
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Tagini
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Santona
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Bosco
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Formazione, Psicologia, Comunicazione, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro De Carli
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della Socializzazione, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni L. Palmisano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Formazione, Psicologia, Comunicazione, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Filippo Pergola
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie della Formazione, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Sarracino
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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11
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Sawyerr A, Bagley C. Child Sexual Abuse and Adolescent and Adult Adjustment: A Review of British and World Evidence, with Implications for Social Work, and Mental Health and School Counselling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/aasoci.2017.71001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Andrews NCZ, Hanish LD, Updegraff KA, Martin CL, Santos CE. Targeted Victimization: Exploring Linear and Curvilinear Associations Between Social Network Prestige and Victimization. J Youth Adolesc 2016; 45:1772-85. [PMID: 26920566 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Are early adolescent victims of peer-directed aggression youth who hold prominent positions in the social hierarchy or those who are socially marginalized? The present study tackles this question by testing for linear and curvilinear relationships between social network prestige and physical and relational forms of peer victimization for boys and girls. Participants were 952 middle schoolers (age range = 10-14 years; 49.9 % girls; 44 % Latino). Participants nominated victims and friends; friendship nominations were used to calculate social network prestige. Both hypotheses received support, with variation by gender. Girls high in social network prestige were highly victimized. For boys, those both high and low in social network prestige were highly victimized, whereas those at mid-levels of social network prestige were low in victimization. The findings are discussed in relation to a social dominance model of peer-directed aggression, and the practical implications are discussed in relation to protecting youth who are frequent targets of peer victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi C Z Andrews
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, PO Box 873701, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3701, USA.
| | - Laura D Hanish
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, PO Box 873701, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3701, USA
| | - Kimberly A Updegraff
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, PO Box 873701, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3701, USA
| | - Carol Lynn Martin
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, PO Box 873701, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3701, USA
| | - Carlos E Santos
- College of Letters and Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Bonell C, Harden A, Fletcher A, Viner R. In memoriam: the contributions to public health research of Farah Jamal, BA, MSc, PhD. J Epidemiol Community Health 2016; 70:329-30. [PMID: 26838125 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-207197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Bonell
- Department of Social Science, University College London Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - Angela Harden
- Institute for Health and Human Development, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Adam Fletcher
- School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Russell Viner
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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