1
|
Quirk H. Engaging underrepresented groups in community physical activity initiatives: a qualitative study of parkrun in the UK. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:804. [PMID: 38486214 PMCID: PMC10938745 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Underrepresented groups, including racial/ethnic minority groups and individuals with low socioeconomic status face complex barriers to engaging in community-based health initiatives. This research uses parkrun, an outdoor, mass-participation, weekly physical activity and volunteering initiative, to explore the engagement strategies ('outreach activities') that have been used to promote the inclusivity and diversity of parkrun events. METHODS Ten adult parkrun Ambassadors who fulfilled volunteer roles that involved promoting parkrun to underrepresented groups in the UK were interviewed. Interviews took place via telephone or video call in April-July 2021. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically. RESULTS Engagement strategies implemented by Ambassadors varied from opportunistic promotion within communities to strategic negotiations at higher decision-making levels. Approaches were characterised by a community-centred focus that ensured community networks and assets were utilised. Stories were considered valuable indicators of successful outreach. A common challenge to outreach for Ambassadors was limited personal and organisational capacity that impeded the widescale scope, reach and scalability of parkrun's engagement attempts. CONCLUSIONS Parkrun Ambassadors have used a wide range of outreach activities at different levels of influence. A number of challenges to doing sustainable and effective outreach have been highlighted that need to be addressed. Working with and alongside communities where community-based health initiatives events take place to understand how to address inclusivity issues could contribute to greater participation by underrepresented groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Quirk
- Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research (SCHARR), School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, 30 Regent Street, S1 4DA, Sheffield, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oster C, Bogomolova S. Potential lateral and upstream consequences in the development and implementation of social prescribing in Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health 2024; 48:100121. [PMID: 38171155 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Candice Oster
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Svetlana Bogomolova
- Centre for Social Impact, College of Business, Government & Law, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Turner E. The 5 K run in popular fiction: Reading about parkrun and couch to 5 K. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1031934. [PMID: 36860736 PMCID: PMC9968722 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1031934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed great interest in mass-participation running events (1), and organisations such as parkrun and fitness programmes like Couch to 5 K, have been instrumental in enabling participation for inexperienced runners. Concomitant with this has been a number of fictional works which centre on the 5 K run. I contend that exploring fictional texts can offer a fresh take on how movements such as parkrun and Couch to 5 K have entered the popular imagination. The four texts explored are Wake's Saturday Morning Park Run (2020), Park's A Run in the Park (2019), Boleyn's Coming Home to Cariad Cove (2022), and James's I Follow You (2020). The analysis is arranged thematically around the categories of health promotion, individual transformation, and community building. I argue that these texts frequently operate as health promotion tools and can help familiarise would-be runners with how parkrun and Couch to 5 K work.
Collapse
|
4
|
Rier DA. Responsibility in Medical Sociology: A Second, Reflexive Look. THE AMERICAN SOCIOLOGIST 2022; 53:663-684. [PMID: 36246580 PMCID: PMC9540162 DOI: 10.1007/s12108-022-09549-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Personal responsibility has emerged as an important element in many countries' public health planning, and has attracted substantial debate in public health discourse. Contemporary medical sociology typically resists such "responsibilization" as victim-blaming, by privileged elites, that obscures important structural factors and inequities. This paper, based primarily on a broad review of how contemporary Anglophone medical sociology literatures treat responsibility and blame, points out advantages of taking responsibility seriously, particularly from the individual's perspective. These advantages include: empowerment; responsibility-as-coping-mechanism; moral dignity; and the pragmatic logic of doing for oneself, rather than passively awaiting societal reforms. We also offer possible reasons why sociologists and their subjects view these issues so differently, and suggest some areas for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Rier
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002 Ramat-Gan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fixsen A, Barrett S. Challenges and Approaches to Green Social Prescribing During and in the Aftermath of COVID-19: A Qualitative Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:861107. [PMID: 35651572 PMCID: PMC9149572 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.861107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade has seen a surge of interest and investment in green social prescribing, however, both healthcare and social enterprise has been impacted by the COVID-19 crisis, along with restricted access to public green spaces. This study examines the challenges and opportunities of delivering green social prescribing during and in the aftermath of COVID-19, in the light of goals of green social prescribing to improve mental health outcomes and reduce health inequalities. Thirty-five one-to-one interviews were conducted between March 2020 and January 2022. Interviewees included Link Workers and other social prescribers, general practitioners (GPs), managers, researchers, and volunteers working in urban and rural Scotland and North East England. Interview transcripts were analyzed in stages, with an inductive approach to coding supported by NVivo. Findings revealed a complex social prescribing landscape, with schemes funded, structured, and delivered diversely. Stakeholders were in general agreement about the benefits of nature-based interventions, and GPs and volunteers pointed out numerous benefits to participating in schemes such as parkrun. Link Workers were more circumspect about suggesting outdoor activities, pointing out both psychological and practical obstacles, including health anxieties, mobility issues, and transport deficits. Exacerbated by the pandemic, there was a way to go before older and/multi-morbidity clients (their largest cohort) would feel comfortable and safe to socialize in open air spaces. Our findings support the premise that time spent in open green spaces can alleviate some of the negative mental health effects compounded by the pandemic. However, the creation of healthy environments is complex with population health intrinsically related to socioeconomic conditions. Social disadvantage, chronic ill health and health crises all limit easy access to green and blue spaces, while those in the most socially economically deprived areas receive the lowest quality of healthcare. Such health inequities need to be borne in mind in the planning of schemes and claims around the potential of future nature-based interventions to reduce health inequalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Fixsen
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Barrett
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fleming J, Wellington C, Parsons J, Dale J. Collaboration between primary care and a voluntary, community sector organisation: Practical guidance from the parkrun practice initiative. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e514-e523. [PMID: 33247853 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Voluntary and community sector organisations are increasing their role in supporting primary care services through 'social prescribing'. parkrun is a charity that delivers free, weekly 5 km events, on a Saturday morning in areas of open space across the UK and globally. In June 2018, parkrun and the Royal College of General Practitioners launched an initiative to encourage the linking of general practitioner practices and local parkrun events. This study investigates the interaction between parkrun events and practices in order to understand why and how parkrun events' promote such linkage, and their experiences of doing so. Its purpose was to provide practical recommendations for developing the parkrun practice initiative and similar collaborations between primary care and voluntary and community sector organisations. An online survey, which included both tick box questions and free text comments was sent to Event Directors for all UK parkrun events and completed by half (322/634, 50.8%). Over two-thirds (225/322; 69.6%) of the event teams were knowingly linked with one or more general practices; and this was generally viewed as having been a positive experience and was motivated by wanting to positively impact on the health and well-being of their community. Challenges centred on the process of initiating contact between parkrun events and practices; the lack of time among parkrun event volunteers to promote the scheme; and the difficulty of clarifying parkrun event and practice responsibilities, including who takes the lead. Practical recommendations include: ensuring clear pathways of communication between event teams and practices (e.g. via a Link Worker or designated person within the practice and/or parkrun event); minimising resource implications and ensuring mutual understanding from practices and parkrun event teams as to expected roles and involvement. Our findings, while focused on the parkrun practice initiative, are likely to have relevance to other collaborations between primary care and voluntary and community sector organisations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Fleming
- Unit of Academic Primary Care, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Joanne Parsons
- Unit of Academic Primary Care, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Jeremy Dale
- Unit of Academic Primary Care, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Quirk H, Bullas A, Haake S, Goyder E, Graney M, Wellington C, Copeland R, Reece L, Stevinson C. Exploring the benefits of participation in community-based running and walking events: a cross-sectional survey of parkrun participants. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1978. [PMID: 34727918 PMCID: PMC8561845 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whilst the benefits of physical activity for health and wellbeing are recognised, population levels of activity remain low. Significant inequalities exist, with socioeconomically disadvantaged populations being less physically active and less likely to participate in community events. We investigated the perceived benefits from participation in a weekly running/walking event called parkrun by those living in the most socioeconomically deprived areas and doing the least physical activity. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was emailed to 2,318,135 parkrun participants in the UK. Demographic and self-reported data was collected on life satisfaction, happiness, health status, physical activity, motives, and the perceived benefits of parkrun. Motivation, health status and benefits were compared for sub-groups defined by physical activity level at parkrun registration and residential Index of Multiple Deprivation. Results 60,000 completed surveys were received (2.7% of those contacted). Respondents were more recently registered with parkrun (3.1 v. 3.5 years) than the parkrun population and had a higher frequency of parkrun participation (14.5 v. 3.7 parkruns per year). Those inactive at registration and from deprived areas reported lower happiness, lower life satisfaction and poorer health compared to the full sample. They were more likely to want to improve their physical health, rather than get fit or for competition. Of those reporting less than one bout of activity per week at registration, 88% (87% in the most deprived areas) increased their physical activity level and 52% (65% in the most deprived areas) reported improvements to overall health behaviours. When compared to the full sample, a greater proportion of previously inactive respondents from the most deprived areas reported improvements to fitness (92% v. 89%), physical health (90% v. 85%), happiness (84% v. 79%) and mental health (76% v. 69%). Conclusion The least active respondents from the most socioeconomically deprived areas reported increases to their activity levels and benefits to health and wellbeing since participating in parkrun. Whilst the challenge of identifying how community initiatives like parkrun can better engage with underrepresented populations remains, if this can be achieved they could have a critical public health role in addressing inequalities in benefits associated with recreational physical activity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11986-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Quirk
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, 30 Regent St, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
| | - Alice Bullas
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Steve Haake
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Elizabeth Goyder
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, 30 Regent St, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
| | | | | | - Robert Copeland
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lindsey Reece
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clare Stevinson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Social reward and support effects on exercise experiences and performance: Evidence from parkrun. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256546. [PMID: 34525097 PMCID: PMC8443045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing academic, civic and policy interest in the public health benefits of community-based exercise events. Shifting the emphasis from competitive sport to communal activity, these events have wide appeal. In addition to physical health benefits, regular participation can reduce social isolation and loneliness through opportunities for social connection. Taking a broad evolutionary and social psychological perspective, we suggest that social factors warrant more attention in current approaches to physical (in)activity and exercise behavior. We develop and test the hypothesis that social reward and support in exercise are associated with positive exercise experiences and greater performance outputs. Using a repeated-measures design, we examine the influence of social perceptions and behavior on subjective enjoyment, energy, fatigue, effort, and objective performance (run times) among a UK sample of parkrun participants. Social factors were associated with greater subjective enjoyment and energy. Higher subjective energy, in turn, was associated with faster run times, without any corresponding increase in perceived effort. No significant main effects of social factors on fatigue, performance or effort were detected. The role of social structural factors has long been recognized in public health approaches to physical activity. Our results indicate that there should be greater research attention on how positive and rewarding social behaviors and experiences-particularly subjective enjoyment and energy, and perceptions of community social support and belonging-influence exercise-related behavior, psychology and physiology, and promote health through collective physical activity. The research also supplements traditional emphases on social facilitation and team sport that have dominated sport and exercise psychology and offers new avenues for understanding the deep connections among psychological, social and physical function in everyday health.
Collapse
|
9
|
Fullagar S, Petris S, Sargent J, Allen S, Akhtar M, Ozakinci G. Action research with parkrun UK volunteer organizers to develop inclusive strategies. Health Promot Int 2021; 35:1199-1209. [PMID: 31778185 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daz113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This article addresses the challenge of promoting physical activity through a focus on equity and engaging physically inactive citizens through the development of inclusive strategies within parkrun UK-a free, volunteer-led, weekly mass community participation running event. We discuss how a UK-based action research design enabled collaboration with volunteer event organizers to understand participant experiences, constraints and develop localized inclusive practices. In contrast with 'expert'-driven health behaviour interventions, our research pursued a 'ground up' approach by asking what can be learnt from the successes and challenges of organizing community events, such as parkrun UK, to promote inclusion? A modified participatory action research approach was used with four parkrun sites across England, Scotland and Northern Ireland, that involved quantitative and qualitative analysis of survey data (n = 655) that informed the process. Our analysis explored parkrunners' and volunteer organizers' perceptions relating to (i) the demographics of parkrun participation and (ii) actions for change in relation to the challenges of engaging marginalized groups (women, ethnic minorities, low income, older people, those with disabilities or illness). We discuss the challenges and opportunities for addressing (in)equity and inclusion through volunteer-based organizations and the implications for translating knowledge into organizational strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Fullagar
- Department of Tourism, Sport & Hotel Management, Griffith University, Parklands Dr, Southport, 4222, Australia.,Department for Health, University of Bath, Cleveland Dr, Bath, BA27AY, England
| | - Sandra Petris
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, Scotland
| | - Julia Sargent
- The Open University, Institute of Educational Technology, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, England
| | - Stephanie Allen
- Cancer Focus Northern Ireland, Eglantine Ave, Belfast BT9 6DX, UK
| | - Muhsina Akhtar
- Islington Bangladeshi Association, Caledonian Rd, Kings Cross, London, N19BT, England
| | - Gozde Ozakinci
- University of St Andrews, School of Medicine, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Davis AJ, Crittenden B, Cohen E. Effects of social support on performance outputs and perceived difficulty during physical exercise. Physiol Behav 2021; 239:113490. [PMID: 34139269 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Perceptions of social support influence adaptive self-regulatory processes that maintain health, produce feelings, and motivate behavior. Although associations between sociality and health are increasingly well-understood, there is little systematic research into the effects of social support on fatigue, physical discomfort, exertion, and output regulation in physical activity. We conducted an experimental study to investigate the effect of social support on performance and perceived difficulty in a handgrip force task while controlling for audience and reputational factors. Effects were compared with those of another established psychogenic performance enhancer (a placebo ergogenic supplement). During handgrip trials over varying levels of objective difficulty, participants viewed photographs of a support figure or stranger while in a placebo or control condition. Results revealed a significant main effect of the social support cue on handgrip performance outputs, and a significant interaction with objective trial difficulty - relative to the stranger cue, the support-figure cue significantly increased handgrip performance outputs and the effect was larger in more objectively difficult trials. Moreover, despite producing greater handgrip outputs, participants perceived trials to be significantly less difficult in the social support condition. Though there was a non-significant main effect of placebo (vs. control) on performance outputs, participants perceived trials in the placebo condition to be significantly less difficult. The research contributes new evidence and theory on the role of perceived social support - an important (energetic) resource - in human performance and motivates further enquiry into how cues to support alter perceived effort and performance outputs in strenuous physical challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arran J Davis
- Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Oxford, 64 Banbury Road, Oxford, OX2 6PN, United Kingdom.
| | - Ben Crittenden
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Cohen
- Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Oxford, 64 Banbury Road, Oxford, OX2 6PN, United Kingdom; Wadham College, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PN, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Blue S, Shove E, Kelly MP. Obese societies: Reconceptualising the challenge for public health. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2021; 43:1051-1067. [PMID: 33963575 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and related health problems has increased sharply in recent decades. Dominant medical, economic, psychological, and especially epidemiological accounts conceptualise these trends as outcomes of individuals' lifestyles - whether freely chosen or determined by an array of obesogenic factors. As such, they rest on forms of methodological individualism, causal narratives, and a logic of substitution in which people are encouraged to set currently unhealthy ways of life aside. This article takes a different approach, viewing trends in obesity as consequences of the dynamic organisation of social practices across space and time. By combining theories of practice with emerging accounts of epigenetics, we explain how changing constellations of practices leave their marks on the body. We extend the concept of biohabitus to show how differences in health, well-being, and body shape are passed on as relations between practices are reproduced and transformed over time. In the final section, we take stock of the practical implications of these ideas and conclude by making the case for extended forms of enquiry and policy intervention that put the organisation of practices front and centre.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael P Kelly
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Varey S, Dixon M, Hernández A, Mateus C, Palmer TM, Milligan C. The role of combinatorial health technologies in supporting older people with long-term conditions: Responsibilisation or co-management of healthcare? Soc Sci Med 2020; 269:113545. [PMID: 33339684 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neoliberalism, austerity and health responsibilisation are increasingly informing policies and practices designed to encourage older patients to take responsibility for the management of their own healthcare. Combined with an ageing population, novel ways to address the increasing healthcare needs of older people have become a priority, with the emergence in recent years of new models of integrated care enhanced by combinatorial health technologies (CHTs). This paper presents qualitative findings from the evaluation of one programme, the Lancashire and Cumbria Innovation Alliance (LCIA) Test Bed, a programme funded by NHS England and conducted in England between 2016 and 2018. Drawing on data from patients, family carers, and staff members involved in the programme, this paper explores the extent to which CHTs, as part of the LCIA Test Bed programme, contributed to health responsibilisation amongst older people with complex health conditions. Through this programme, we find that relationships between patients, family carers and healthcare professionals combined to create a sense of reassurance and shared responsibility for all parties. Our findings suggest the need for a more nuanced approach to responsibilisation and self-management for older people living with complex health conditions. By focusing on co-management - and recognising the potential of CHTs to facilitate this approach - there is potential to increase patient confidence in managing their health condition, reduce carer burden, and enhance clinician satisfaction in their work roles. While neoliberal agendas are focused on self-management and self-responsibility of one's own health care, with technology as a facilitator of this, our findings suggest that the successful use of CHTs for older people with complex health conditions may instead be rooted in co-management. This paper argues that co-management may be a more successful model of care for patients, carers and clinicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Varey
- Centre for Ageing Research, Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4AT, UK.
| | - Mandy Dixon
- Northern Health Science Alliance Ltd., Weightmans LLP, Hardman Square, No 1 Spinningfields, Manchester, M3 3EB, UK.
| | - Alejandra Hernández
- Centre for Ageing Research, Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4AT, UK.
| | - Céu Mateus
- Health Economics, Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4AT, UK.
| | - Tom M Palmer
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - Christine Milligan
- Centre for Ageing Research, Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4AT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Grunseit AC, Richards J, Reece L, Bauman A, Merom D. Evidence on the reach and impact of the social physical activity phenomenon parkrun: A scoping review. Prev Med Rep 2020; 20:101231. [PMID: 33294310 PMCID: PMC7691179 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
parkrun research shows health value and a model which suits participants. parkrun engages traditionally under-represented populations in physical activity. parkrun participation has a dose–response relationship with improved fitness. Future research should examine discontinuing participants and non-participants.
The aim of this study was to conduct a scoping review of parkrun literature for evidence of its reach, health impact and appeal whilst identifying gaps for future research. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Six databases were searched according to search terms set a priori. Empirical studies of any design were included if they provided data on participation in, or benefits of, parkrun and were in English. Two authors conducted the searches independently and screened results by title and abstract, followed by full text reviews. A total of 235 records were screened and 15 studies were eligible; 12 were conducted in the UK and three in Australia. Seven were qualitative interview studies, six were quantitative, and two used mixed methods. parkrun reaches groups traditionally underrepresented in other organised sports or physical activity such as women, the insufficiently active and those aged over 35 years. Participants showed sustained improvements in fitness, physical activity levels, and body mass index with a dose–response effect with participation frequency. Qualitative data shows parkrun’s location in pleasant environments with opportunities for informal social interaction engages priority groups such as individuals with mental health issues, women and children. The small evidence base suggests parkrun has good reach, and can positively impact participants’ health and wellbeing. The data, however, are currently UK-centric and gaps in research on non-participants, long term health impacts and operationally relevant factors should be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Carolyn Grunseit
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Justin Richards
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Victoria University Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Lindsey Reece
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Dafna Merom
- Physical Activity and Health, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Parramatta, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hinton L, Hodgkinson J, Tucker KL, Rozmovits L, Chappell L, Greenfield S, McCourt C, Sandall J, McManus RJ. Exploring the potential for introducing home monitoring of blood pressure during pregnancy into maternity care: current views and experiences of staff-a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e037874. [PMID: 33262186 PMCID: PMC7709507 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One in 20 women are affected by pre-eclampsia, a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity, death and premature birth worldwide. Diagnosis is made from monitoring blood pressure (BP) and urine and symptoms at antenatal visits after 20 weeks of pregnancy. There are no randomised data from contemporary trials to guide the efficacy of self-monitoring of BP (SMBP) in pregnancy. We explored the perspectives of maternity staff to understand the context and health system challenges to introducing and implementing SMBP in maternity care, ahead of undertaking a trial. DESIGN Exploratory study using a qualitative approach. SETTING Eight hospitals, English National Health Service. PARTICIPANTS Obstetricians, community and hospital midwives, pharmacists, trainee doctors (n=147). METHODS Semi-structured interviews with site research team members and clinicians, interviews and focus group discussions. Rapid content and thematic analysis undertaken. RESULTS The main themes to emerge around SMBP include (1) different BP changes in pregnancy, (2) reliability and accuracy of BP monitoring, (3) anticipated impact of SMBP on women, (4) anticipated impact of SMBP on the antenatal care system, (5) caution, uncertainty and evidence, (6) concerns over action/inaction and patient safety. CONCLUSIONS The potential impact of SMBP on maternity services is profound although nuanced. While introducing SMBP does not reduce the responsibility clinicians have for women's health, it may enhance the responsibilities and agency of pregnant women, and introduces a new set of relationships into maternity care. This is a new space for reconfiguration of roles, mutual expectations and the relationships between and responsibilities of healthcare providers and women. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03334149.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hinton
- THIS Institute, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Hodgkinson
- Primary Care Clinical Sciences, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Lucy Chappell
- Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College, London, UK
| | - Sheila Greenfield
- Primary Care Clinical Sciences, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christine McCourt
- Department of Midwifery and Child Health, City University of London, London, UK
| | - Jane Sandall
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Kings College, London, UK
| | - Richard J McManus
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Malchrowicz-Mośko E, León-Guereño P, Tapia-Serrano MA, Sánchez-Miguel PA, Waśkiewicz Z. What Encourages Physically Inactive People to Start Running? An Analysis of Motivations to Participate in Parkrun and City Trail in Poland. Front Public Health 2020; 8:581017. [PMID: 33313036 PMCID: PMC7707109 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.581017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the motivations for beginner runners to take part in Parkrun Poznań and City Trail Poznań, Poland, taking into account their socio-demographical variables. A total of 165 (age: 36.33 ± 10.38) inexperienced runners participated in the diagnostic survey and completed the MOMS (Motivations of Marathoner Scale) questionnaire. The sample consisted of 82 men (49.7%) and 83 women (50.3%). The results showed that men were more likely to start running due to competition-related motivations, while the motivations of women were more often related to affiliation, psychological coping, life meaning, and self-esteem. As age increased, the level of motivation due to personal goal achievement, competition, and recognition scales decreased. The Affiliation Scale was especially important for singles who started running, in comparison with runners who were married or in a relationship. These factors should be taken into consideration by event managers and public health specialists. Promoting safe running among people who have no experience with this sport is as important as encouraging them to run. All runners stated that they would like to run a marathon in the future. Moreover, thanks to initiatives such as City Trail and Parkrun, Polish respondents feel motivated to lead an active lifestyle, with an average score of 4.98 on a 7-point Likert scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Eugeniusz Piasecki Academy of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Patxi León-Guereño
- Health, Physical Activity and Sports Science Laboratory, Department of Physical Activity and Sports, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Tapia-Serrano
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Teaching Training, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Pedro Antonio Sánchez-Miguel
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Body Expression, Faculty of Teaching Training, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Zbigniew Waśkiewicz
- Department of Sports Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation of I.M, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Communal therapeutic mobility in group walking: A meta-ethnography. Soc Sci Med 2020; 262:113241. [PMID: 32777672 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Increased attention to links between walking, health and wellbeing have contributed to a growth in the number of walking groups meeting on a regular basis to offer short, social walks. Walking group interventions are known to increase physical activity and to have wide-ranging health benefits, and there is evidence that drop out is generally low. The aim of this paper is to synthesise qualitative research on experiences and perceptions of group walking in order to develop a new conceptual understanding of the group walking experience. We conducted a systematic search of the literature and identified 22 such studies which we synthesised using meta-ethnography. Included studies were conducted in the UK, USA, Australia and Ireland. Most reported research was undertaken with outdoor walking groups, some of which catered specifically for people who shared a disease experience or a disability. A smaller number of studies examined indoor mall walking groups, while two looked at perceptions of non-participants of group walking as a potential activity. From the original constructs identified in the papers we derived five higher order constructs: seeking and enjoying health and fitness, attachment to walking, providing purpose and confidence, mobile companionship and a peaceful and contemplative shared respite from everyday life. We argue that participating in a walking group provides a set of experiences that together constitute a specific form of shared or communal therapeutic mobility that is not simply the accumulation of the constructs we have outlined. Rather, we suggest that an initial instrumental and disciplinary focus on health and fitness is transformed through the experience of group walking into a shared meaningful and enjoyable practice; an emergent communal therapeutic mobility, which recruits and retains large numbers of group walkers. However, this communal therapeutic mobility is not equally accessible to all.
Collapse
|
17
|
Stevinson C, Hickson M. Changes in physical activity, weight and wellbeing outcomes among attendees of a weekly mass participation event: a prospective 12-month study. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020; 41:807-814. [PMID: 30295838 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mass participation events are recognized as a way of engaging low-active individuals in health-enhancing physical activity, but there is a need to investigate the sustained effects on behaviour and health. This study aimed to examine changes in self-reported physical activity, weight and wellbeing over 12 months in participants of parkrun, a weekly mass participation 5 km running event. METHODS New parkrun registrants (n = 354) completed self-reported measures of physical activity, weight, happiness and stress, at registration, 6 months and 12 months. Objective data on attendance and fitness (i.e. run dates and finishing times) were obtained from the parkrun database. RESULTS Overall physical activity levels were high at baseline, but significantly increased over the first 6 months, before declining. By 12 months, weekly physical activity was 39 min higher than baseline. Significant reductions in body mass index were observed over 12 months, with a weight loss of 1.1% in the whole sample, and 2.4% among overweight participants. Modest increases in happiness and decreases in perceived stress were recorded. Run times suggested a 12% improvement in fitness during the study. CONCLUSION Significant changes in weight, fitness and wellbeing outcomes indicate the public health benefits of regular participation in parkrun.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Stevinson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - M Hickson
- Institute of Health and Community, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tupper E, Atkinson S, Pollard TM. Doing more with movement: constituting healthy publics in movement volunteering programmes. PALGRAVE COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 6:94. [PMID: 33564465 PMCID: PMC7116702 DOI: 10.1057/s41599-020-0473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The recent phenomenon of movement volunteering programmes is a form of 'fitness philanthropy' that combines exercise with volunteering in order for physical activity to generate a more widely shared set of benefits. These newest practices of fitness philanthropy radically rework both exercise and volunteering through the ways in which these come together and take place outdoors and in the everyday spaces of the street or community. The paper explores these new practices through the movement volunteering programme 'GoodGym', in relation to the concept of 'healthy publics'. Fieldwork comprised ethnography, including participant observation, interviews, go-along interviews, conversations, photography and an end of fieldwork discussion workshop. We focus on the experiences of three different constituencies in GoodGym: the volunteers; the participants and passers-by; the space and atmosphere. The formation of these dynamic, multiple and shifting healthy publics emerge through the complex intersections of several processes. We draw particular attention to the centrality in the new fitness philanthropy practices of visibility and spectacle, sociality and merging mobilities in constituting healthy publics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Tupper
- Department of Anthropology and The Institute for Medical Humanities, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Sarah Atkinson
- Department of Geography and The Institute for Medical Humanities, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Riazati S, Caplan N, Matabuena M, Hayes PR. Fatigue Induced Changes in Muscle Strength and Gait Following Two Different Intensity, Energy Expenditure Matched Runs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:360. [PMID: 32391353 PMCID: PMC7188949 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate changes in hip and knee strength, kinematics, and running variability following two energy expenditure matched training runs; a medium intensity continuous run (MICR) and a high intensity interval training session (HIIT). Methods Twenty (10 Females, 10 Males) healthy master class runners were recruited. Each participant completed the HIIT consisting of six repetitions of 800 m with a 1:1 work: rest ratio. The MICR duration was set to match energy expenditure of the HIIT session. Hip and knee muscular strength were examined pre and post both HIIT and MICR. Kinematics and running variability for hip and knee, along with spatiotemporal parameters were assessed at start and end of each run-type. Changes in variables were examined using both 2 × 2 ANOVAs with repeated measures and on an individual level when the change in a variable exceeded the minimum detectable change (MDC). Results All strength measures exhibited significant reductions at the hip and knee (P < 0.05) with time for both run-types; 12% following HIIT, 10.6% post MICR. Hip frontal plane kinematics increased post run for both maximum angle (P < 0.001) and range of motion (P = 0.003). Runners exhibited increased running variability for nearly all variables, with the HIIT having a greater effect. Individual assessment revealed that not all runners were effected post run and that following HIIT more runners had reduced muscular strength, altered kinematics and increased running variability. Conclusion Runners exhibited fatigue induced changes following typical training runs, which could potentially present risk of injury development. Group and individual assessment revealed different findings where the use of MDC is recommended over that of P-values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherveen Riazati
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Caplan
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Marcos Matabuena
- CiTIUS (Centro Singular de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Intelixentes), University of Santiago of Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Philip R Hayes
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Spotswood F, Shankar A, Piwek L. Changing emotional engagement with running through communal self-tracking: the implications of 'teleoaffective shaping' for public health. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2020; 42:772-788. [PMID: 32052463 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Emerging research explores the role of self-tracking in supporting healthy behaviour. Self-tracking comprises a number of interrelated practices; some individual some communal. In this article, we focus on practices that enable interaction between self-trackers through data sharing and communication around personal data. For public health, communal self-tracking has been explored for the additional benefits it provides in addition to self-knowledge. However, under-explored is the emotional entanglement of self-tracking and tracked activities, or the role of practitioners in the dynamic evolution of tracked practices. Qualitative, mixed methods data were collected from leisure-time runners in the SW England who self-track using social fitness app 'Strava', and were interpreted through the lens of practice theory. We find that communal self-tracking affords the active shaping of the emotion and purpose of running. This 'teleoaffective shaping' allows practitioners to negotiate and reconstitute appealing meanings associated with running to protect their practice loyalty. We identify three mechanisms for teleoaffective shaping afforded by Strava: labelling, reward and materialising effort. Findings advance our understanding of how social fitness apps work to retain practitioners of physically active leisure practices. Future research should further explore the multiple ways that associations with tracked physical activity evolve through entanglement with self-tracking practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Avi Shankar
- Institute for Policy Research (IPR), Marketing, Business & Society, Centre for Business, Organisations and Society (CBOS), University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Lukasz Piwek
- Bath Centre for Healthcare Innovation and Improvement, Applied Digital Behaviour Lab, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Spotswood F, Wiltshire G, Spear S, Morey Y, Harris J. A practice theory approach to primary school physical activity: opportunities and challenges for intervention. CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09581596.2019.1695746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gareth Wiltshire
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Sara Spear
- Bristol Business School, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Yvette Morey
- Bristol Business School, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Jennifer Harris
- Physiotherapy Department, Doncaster Royal Infirmary, Doncaster, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Morris S, Guell C, Pollard TM. Group walking as a "lifeline": Understanding the place of outdoor walking groups in women's lives. Soc Sci Med 2019; 238:112489. [PMID: 31437768 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Organised walking groups are increasingly widespread in the UK and elsewhere and have been shown to have many benefits for participants. They tend to attract more women than men, but little is known about how and why walking groups 'recruit' women. This is of particular importance given observed inequalities in physical activity participation by gender, in favour of men. To explore women's participation in walking groups, we conducted ethnographic fieldwork (in May-August 2017) with women members of five different walking groups in deprived areas of north-east England. Participant observation and informal 'go along' interviewing were conducted on 25 group walks, and 20 semi-structured interviews were undertaken. Fieldnotes and interview transcripts were analysed thematically. This paper presents five portraits to show how the identified themes played out in women's lives. For many of the women, the act of moving and socialising together in outdoor environments was highly valued. We show how walking groups found a place within the lives of women, becoming spaces of sharing, healing and enjoyment and acting as a positive resource or "lifeline", often around time-spaces of change (biographical disruptions). We contribute new understandings of how walking groups work by showing how women's reasons for participating were intimately intertwined with their life circumstances and relationships, thus furthering the ongoing theoretical shift from investigating health 'behaviours' to health 'practices'. We conclude that walking groups work well for some people at particular times in their lives, especially (but not only) for older women and, more generally, that life transitions offer an opportunity for interventions to enhance health if they work within the lives of prospective participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Morris
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Dawson Building, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Cornelia Guell
- University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, TR1 3HD, UK
| | - Tessa M Pollard
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Dawson Building, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK; Wolfson Research Institute, Durham University Queen's Campus, University Boulevard, Thornaby, Stockton on Tees, TS17 6BH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tonelli L, Canavese D, Bueno AX, Ferla AA. Body, movement and health: connections from the point of view of complexity. SAÚDE EM DEBATE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-11042018s419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Understanding the relationship between body, health, and movement beyond biological determinism and the current biomedical paradigm should consider other emerging interpretations that consider the multiplicity of the innumerable dimensions of which the triad can be composed as well as the different relationships that could exist between them. The paradigm of complexity is presented in this essay with the purpose of supporting other interpretations of physical activity that are less simplifying, linear and causal and that can incorporate openness, incompleteness, uncertainty and transdisciplinarity. The theory of complexity represents a stimulating and potent contribution to the dynamic study of the health-disease process and the physical activity in this panorama.
Collapse
|
24
|
Sharman MJ, Nash M, Cleland V. Health and broader community benefit of parkrun-An exploratory qualitative study. Health Promot J Austr 2018; 30:163-171. [PMID: 29939453 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED parkrun is a free, weekly, timed, international mass community 5-km walk/run event. Unlike other paid events, parkrun attracts populations harder to engage in physical activity (PA) (eg, women, those with overweight/obesity or illness/injury/disability). This exploratory qualitative study investigated the individual, social and environmental factors associated with parkrun's broad appeal in Australia. METHODS Tasmanian parkrunners who completed a quantitative survey (2016) were purposively recruited for a 2017 interview study. Semistructured interviews focused on reasons for parkrun participation. Data saturation was achieved by the tenth interview. Data were analysed thematically. RESULTS Four themes emerged: (a) participation facilitators and barriers; (b) PA gain and broader community benefit; (c) social connections/networks; and (d) organisational issues. Appealing characteristics of parkrun included strong social support, performance gain opportunities, socialising, inclusivity (eg, all ages/abilities), sense of community, positive atmosphere and accessibility (eg, no cost and convenience). Some participants reported that parkrun had stimulated gains in their total PA (not always limited to walking/running) and that parkrun may also result in other community benefits (eg, supporting local businesses, fee-based running club/event participation and "parkrun tourism"). Most participants first attended parkrun because of encouragement from their social networks, and participants subsequently encouraged others to attend. Participants found parkrun events well organised, but identified some potential threats (eg, local politics). CONCLUSIONS Social factors appeared critical in driving initial and ongoing parkrun participation. parkrun may lead to wider community benefits beyond that gained through increased individual PA. These findings highlight the "success factors" driving parkrun participation and provide insights for other community-based PA promotion activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Meredith Nash
- School of Social Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
| | - Verity Cleland
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, Hobart, Tas., Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cleland V, Nash M, Sharman MJ, Claflin S. Exploring the Health-Promoting Potential of the “parkrun” Phenomenon: What Factors are Associated With Higher Levels of Participation? Am J Health Promot 2018; 33:13-23. [DOI: 10.1177/0890117118770106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: “ parkrun” is a free and increasingly popular weekly 5-km walk/run international community event, representing a novel setting for physical activity (PA) promotion. However, little is known about who participates or why. This study aimed to identify sociodemographic, health, behavioral, individual, social, and environmental factors associated with higher levels of participation. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Tasmania, Australia; June 2016. Participants: Three hundred seventy two adult parkrun participants. Measures: Online survey measuring sociodemographic, health, individual, social and environmental factors, parkrun participation, and PA. Analysis: Descriptive statistics, zero-truncated Poisson regression models. Results: Respondents (n = 371) were more commonly women (58%), aged 35 to 53 years (54%), and occasional or nonwalkers/runners (53%) at registration. A total of 44% had overweight/obesity. Half had non-adult children, most spoke English at home, and 7% reported PA-limiting illness/injury/disability. Average run/walk time was 30.2 ± 7.4 minutes. Compared to regular walkers/runners at registration, nonwalkers/runners were less commonly partnered, more commonly had overweight/obesity, less physically active, and had poorer self-rated health. Multivariate analyses revealed relative parkrun participation was inversely associated with education level and positively associated with interstate parkrun participation, perceived social benefits, self-efficacy for parkrun, and intentions to participate. Conclusion: parkrun attracts nonwalkers/runners and population groups hard to engage in physical activity. Individual- and social-level factors were associated with higher relative parkrun participation. parkrun’s scalability, accessibility, and wide appeal confers a research imperative to investigate its potential for public health gain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verity Cleland
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, Hobart Tasmania, Australia
| | - Meredith Nash
- School of Social Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Suzi Claflin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, Hobart Tasmania, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Rashid
- UCL Medical School, UCL, London. E-mail: @Dr_A_Rashid
| |
Collapse
|