1
|
Inada S, Chiba Y, Tian T, Sato H, Wang X, Yoshizaki K, Oka S, Yamada A, Fukumoto S. Expression patterns of keratin family members during tooth development and the role of keratin 17 in cytodifferentiation of stratum intermedium and stellate reticulum. J Cell Physiol 2024:e31387. [PMID: 39014890 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Keratins are typical intermediate filament proteins of the epithelium that exhibit highly specific expression patterns related to the epithelial type and stage of cellular differentiation. They are important for cytoplasmic stability and epithelial integrity and are involved in various intracellular signaling pathways. Several keratins are associated with enamel formation. However, information on their expression patterns during tooth development remains lacking. In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal expression of keratin family members during tooth development using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and microarray analysis. scRNA-seq datasets from postnatal Day 1 mouse molars revealed that several keratins are highly expressed in the dental epithelium, indicating the involvement of keratin family members in cellular functions. Among various keratins, keratin 5 (Krt5), keratin 14 (Krt14), and keratin 17 (Krt17) are highly expressed in the tooth germ; KRT17 is specifically expressed in the stratum intermedium (SI) and stellate reticulum (SR). Depletion of Krt17 did not affect cell proliferation in the dental epithelial cell line SF2 but suppressed their differentiation ability. These results suggest that Krt17 is essential for SI cell differentiation. Furthermore, scRNA-seq results indicated that Krt5, Krt14, and Krt17 exhibited distinct expression patterns in ameloblast, SI, and SR cells. Our findings contribute to the elucidation of novel mechanisms underlying tooth development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saori Inada
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuta Chiba
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Dento-Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Community Social Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tian Tian
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Dento-Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Keigo Yoshizaki
- Dento-Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sae Oka
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Aya Yamada
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Community Social Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Dento-Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Community Social Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Koprulu M, Naeem M, Nalbant G, Shabbir RMK, Mahmood T, Huma Z, Malik S, Tolun A. KERATIN 17-related recessive atypical pachyonychia congenita with variable hair and tooth anomalies. Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:1292-1296. [PMID: 35676340 PMCID: PMC9626541 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the first pachyonychia congenita (PC) to involve all ectodermal derivatives and the first recessive KRT17-related PC in total seven members of two consanguineous Pakistani families. This atypical PC is characterized by an unusual combination of pachyonychia, plantar keratoderma, folliculitis, alopecia, sparse eyebrows, dental anomalies and variable acanthosis nigricans of neck, dry skin, palmoplantar hyperhidrosis, recurrent blisters on soles and/or arms, rough sparse hair on scalp and keratosis pilaris. By exome sequencing we detected homozygous KRT17 c.281G>A (p.(Arg94His)) in affected individuals, and linkage mapping indicated a single locus. Heterozygous variants in KRT17 cause PC2 (PC-K17) with main characteristics of pachyonychia, subungual keratosis, palmoplantar keratoderma, hyperhidrosis, oral leukokeratosis and epidermal cysts, or steatocystoma multiplex, both with dominant inheritance. The causative variant has been reported in heterozygous state in a family afflicted with severe steatocystoma multiplex and in a sporadic PC2 case, and thus we also define a third phenotype related to the variant. Both exome sequencing and linkage mapping demonstrated recessive inheritance whereas Sanger sequencing indicated heterozygosity for the causal variant, reiterating caution for simple targeted sequencing for genetic testing. Testing parents for variants found in sibs could uncover recessive inheritance also in other KRT genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mine Koprulu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, MOBGAM, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gökhan Nalbant
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Health Sciences, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rana M Kamran Shabbir
- Department of Zoology, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Dermatology, Al-Nafees Medical College, Isra University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zele Huma
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Malik
- Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Aslıhan Tolun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, MOBGAM, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pavlovsky M, Peled A, Sarig O, Astman N, Malki L, Meijers O, Assaf S, Schwartz J, Malovitski K, Hansen D, Sprecher E, Samuelov L. Coexistence of pachyonychia congenita and hidradenitis suppurativa: more than a coincidence. Br J Dermatol 2022; 187:392-400. [PMID: 35606927 PMCID: PMC9796395 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.21674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coexistence of pachyonychia congenita (PC) and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) has been described in case reports. However, the pathomechanism underlying this association and its true prevalence are unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine the genetic defect underlying the coexistence of PC and HS in a large kindred, to delineate a pathophysiological signalling defect jointly leading to both phenotypes, and to estimate the prevalence of HS in PC. METHODS We used direct sequencing and a NOTCH luciferase reporter assay to characterize the pathophysiological basis of the familial coexistence of HS and PC. A questionnaire was distributed to patients with PC registered with the International Pachyonychia Congenita Research Registry (IPCRR) to assess the prevalence of HS among patients with PC. RESULTS Direct sequencing of DNA samples obtained from family members displaying both PC and HS demonstrated a missense variant (c.275A>G) in KRT17, encoding keratin 17. Abnormal NOTCH signalling has been suggested to contribute to HS pathogenesis. Accordingly, the KRT17 c.275A>G variant resulted in a significant decrease in NOTCH activity. To ascertain the clinical importance of the association of HS with PC, we distributed a questionnaire to all patients with PC registered with the IPCRR. Seventy-two of 278 responders reported HS-associated clinical features (25·9%). Disease-causing mutations in KRT17 were most prevalent among patients with a dual phenotype of PC and HS (43%). CONCLUSIONS The coexistence of HS and KRT17-associated PC is more common than previously thought. Impaired NOTCH signalling as a result of KRT17 mutations may predispose patients with PC to HS. What is already known about this topic? The coexistence of pachyonychia congenita (PC) and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) has been described in case reports. However, the pathomechanism underlying this association and its true prevalence are unknown. What does this study add? A dual phenotype consisting of PC and HS was found to be associated with a pathogenic variant in KRT17. This variant was found to affect NOTCH signalling, which has been previously implicated in HS pathogenesis. HS was found to be associated with PC in a large cohort of patients with PC, especially in patients carrying KRT17 variants, suggesting that KRT17 variants causing PC may also predispose to HS. What is the translational message? These findings suggest that patients with PC have a higher prevalence of HS than previously thought, and hence physicians should have a higher level of suspicion of HS diagnosis in patients with PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mor Pavlovsky
- Division of DermatologyTel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - Alon Peled
- Division of DermatologyTel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel‐AvivIsrael,Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Ofer Sarig
- Division of DermatologyTel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - Nadav Astman
- Department of DermatologySheba Medical CenterTel‐HashomerRamat GanIsrael,Israel Defense Forces Medical CorpsRamat GanIsrael
| | - Liron Malki
- Division of DermatologyTel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel‐AvivIsrael,Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Odile Meijers
- Division of DermatologyTel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - Sari Assaf
- Division of DermatologyTel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel‐AvivIsrael,Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | | | - Kiril Malovitski
- Division of DermatologyTel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel‐AvivIsrael,Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - David Hansen
- Pachyonychia Congenita ProjectHolladayUTUSA,Department of DermatologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Division of DermatologyTel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel‐AvivIsrael,Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Liat Samuelov
- Division of DermatologyTel‐Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel‐AvivIsrael,Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang W, Liu M, Yu L, Mo S, Deng Z, Liu S, Yang Y, Wang C, Wang C. Perturbation effect of single polar group substitution on the Self-Association of amphiphilic peptide helices. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 610:1005-1014. [PMID: 34887062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
As an important attempt towards creating hierarchical structures more like nature, the peptide is employed as a building block to build supramolecular architectures. An emerging question is whether the molecular mechanism of self-assembly obtained from the small molecule system, e.g., the driving forces of assembly are conventionally regarded as pairwise-additive, can be manifested in the self-association of biologically relevant amphiphilic peptides. A peptide, KRT-R, was derived from the 120-144 segment of keratin 14. The single cation-to-cation substitution with KRT-R at the site of 125 from arginine (R) to either lysine (K) or histidine (H) results in the peptide helices, KRT-K and KRT-H, sharing 96% sequence identity. These KRT-derived peptides possess similarities in the folding structures but exhibit divergent self-assembled structures. KRT-R and KRT-K self-assemble into sheets and fibrils, respectively. Whereas KRT-H associates into heterogeneous structures, including sheets, particles, and branched networks. The intrinsic tyrosine fluorescence spectroscopy measurements with the KRT-derived peptides within a temperature range of 25 °C to 95 °C reveal that the heating-triggered structural transitions of KRT-derived peptides are divergent. The alternation of single cationic residue changes the thermodynamic signature of peptide assemblies upon heating. A chemical denaturation experiment with KRT-derived peptides indicates that the intermolecular interactions that govern the supramolecular architectures formed by peptides are distinct. Overall, our work demonstrates the contribution of the interplay among various noncovalent interactions to supramolecular assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Lanlan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Shanshan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Shuli Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Civil Aviation School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100123, China
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chenxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang W, Liu M, Dupont RL, Huang K, Yu L, Liu S, Wang X, Wang C. Conservation and Identity Selection of Cationic Residues Flanking the Hydrophobic Regions in Intermediate Filament Superfamily. Front Chem 2021; 9:752630. [PMID: 34540811 PMCID: PMC8443778 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.752630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between the hydrophobic interactions generated by the nonpolar region and the proximal functional groups within nanometers of the nonpolar region offers a promising strategy to manipulate the intermolecular hydrophobic attractions in an artificial molecule system, but the outcomes of such modulations in the building of a native protein architecture remain unclear. Here we focus on the intermediate filament (IF) coiled-coil superfamily to assess the conservation of positively charged residue identity via a biostatistical approach. By screening the disease-correlated mutations throughout the IF superfamily, 10 distinct hotspots where a cation-to-cation substitution is associated with a pathogenic syndrome have been identified. The analysis of the local chemical context surrounding the hotspots revealed that the cationic diversity depends on their separation distance to the hydrophobic domain. The nearby cationic residues flanking the hydrophobic domain of a helix (separation <1 nm) are relatively conserved in evolution. In contrast, the cationic residues that are not adjacent to the hydrophobic domain (separation >1 nm) tolerate higher levels of variation and replaceability. We attribute this bias in the conservation degree of the cationic residue identity to reflect the interplay between the proximal cations and the hydrophobic interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Robert L Dupont
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kai Huang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lanlan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuli Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Civil Aviation School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Sustainability Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Chenxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lin Y, Zhang W, Li B, Wang G. Keratin 17 in psoriasis: Current understanding and future perspectives. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 128:112-119. [PMID: 34229948 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Keratin 17 (K17) is a multifaceted cytoskeletal protein that is not commonly expressed in the epidermis under normal physiological conditions. However, in psoriasis, K17 is overexpressed in the suprabasal layer of the epidermis and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this review, we have summarized our findings and those reported in other studies concerning the pathogenic functions of K17, as well as the mechanisms underlying the increase in K17 expression in psoriasis. K17 exerts both pro-proliferative and pro-inflammatory effects on keratinocytes. Moreover, K17 peptides trigger autoreactive T cells and promote psoriasis-related cytokine production. In turn, these cytokines modulate the expression, stability, and protein-protein interactions of K17 through transcriptional and translational regulation and post-translational modification of K17 in keratinocytes. Thus, a K17/T-cell/cytokine autoimmune loop is implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, which is supported by the fact that therapies targeting K17 have achieved good outcomes in psoriasis-like mouse models. Future perspectives of K17 in psoriasis have also been discussed to provide potential directions for further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weigang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Deng Z, Cangkrama M, Butt T, Jane SM, Carpinelli MR. Grainyhead-like transcription factors: guardians of the skin barrier. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:553-e152. [PMID: 33843098 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
There has been selective pressure to maintain a skin barrier since terrestrial animals evolved 360 million years ago. These animals acquired an unique integumentary system with a keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelium surface barrier. The barrier protects against dehydration and entry of microbes and toxins. The skin barrier centres on the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis and consists of cornified envelopes cemented by the intercorneocyte lipid matrix. Multiple components of the barrier undergo cross-linking by transglutaminase (TGM) enzymes, while keratins provide additional mechanical strength. Cellular tight junctions also are crucial for barrier integrity. The grainyhead-like (GRHL) transcription factors regulate the formation and maintenance of the integument in diverse species. GRHL3 is essential for formation of the skin barrier during embryonic development, whereas GRHL1 maintains the skin barrier postnatally. This is achieved by transactivation of Tgm1 and Tgm5, respectively. In addition to its barrier function, GRHL3 plays key roles in wound repair and as an epidermal tumour suppressor. In its former role, GRHL3 activates the planar cell polarity signalling pathway to mediate wound healing by providing directional migration cues. In squamous epithelium, GRHL3 regulates the balance between proliferation and differentiation, and its loss induces squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In the skin, this is mediated through increased expression of MIR21, which reduces the expression levels of GRHL3 and its direct target, PTEN, leading to activation of the PI3K-AKT signalling pathway. These data position the GRHL family as master regulators of epidermal homeostasis across a vast gulf of evolutionary history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Deng
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Cangkrama
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tariq Butt
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen M Jane
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marina R Carpinelli
- Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pavlovsky M, Peled A, Samuelov L, Malki L, Malovitski K, Assaf S, Mohamad J, Meijers O, Eskin-Schwartz M, Sarig O, Sprecher E. Molecular epidemiology of pachyonychia congenita in the Israeli population. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020; 46:663-668. [PMID: 33190296 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder featuring palmoplantar keratoderma, nail dystrophy, oral leucokeratosis, pilosebaceous cysts and natal teeth. PC results from dominant mutations in one of five genes (KRT6A, KRT6B, KRT6C, KRT16, KRT17) encoding keratin proteins. AIM To delineate the clinical and genetic features of PC in a series of Israeli patients. METHODS We used direct sequencing of genomic DNA, and also used cDNA sequencing where applicable. RESULTS We collected clinical information and molecular data in a cohort of Israeli families diagnosed with PC (n = 16). Most of the patients were Ashkenazi Jews and had a family history of PC. The most common clinical findings were painful focal plantar keratoderma (94%) accompanied by nail dystrophy (81%), pilosebaceous cysts (31%) and prenatal/natal teeth (13%). In contrast to the high prevalence of KRT6A mutations in other populations, we found that KRT16 mutations were the most common type among Israeli patients with PC (56%). Most (77%) of the Israeli patients with PC with KRT16 mutation carried the same variant (c.380G>A; p.R127H) and shared the same haplotype around the KRT16 locus, suggestive of a founder effect. CONCLUSION The data gleaned from this study emphasizes the importance of population-specific tailored diagnostic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Pavlovsky
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Peled
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - L Samuelov
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - L Malki
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - K Malovitski
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - S Assaf
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - J Mohamad
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - O Meijers
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M Eskin-Schwartz
- Genetics Institute at Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - O Sarig
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - E Sprecher
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Arceu M, Martinez G, Alfaro D, Wortsman X. Ultrasound Morphologic Features of Steatocystoma Multiplex With Clinical Correlation. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2020; 39:2255-2260. [PMID: 32356597 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ultrasound features of 87 steatocytoma multiplex (SCM) lesions detected in 9 patients are reported. Steatocytoma multiplex is a hamartomatous condition derived from the pilosebaceous duct junction that generates multiple cutaneous cystic lesions. It appeared as clusters of well-defined hypoechoic nodules with mild posterior enhancement in 100% of cases, with both dermal and subcutaneous locations in 67%. No calcification foci were detected within or at the periphery of the lesions. Fifty-six percent of the cases showed signs of hypervascularity in the edge of the nodules, and 44% of the lesions were associated with another dermatologic condition, most frequent being hidradenitis suppurativa (75%), followed by vellus hair cysts (25%). Steatocytoma multiplex shows ultrasound features that allow discrimination from other common cutaneous entities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Arceu
- Department of Dermatology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Daniela Alfaro
- Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Wortsman
- Department of Dermatology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Dermatology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute for Diagnostic Imaging and Research of the Skin and Soft Tissues, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zieman AG, Coulombe PA. Pathophysiology of pachyonychia congenita-associated palmoplantar keratoderma: new insights into skin epithelial homeostasis and avenues for treatment. Br J Dermatol 2020; 182:564-573. [PMID: 31021398 PMCID: PMC6814456 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pachyonychia congenita (PC), a rare genodermatosis, primarily affects ectoderm-derived epithelial appendages and typically includes oral leukokeratosis, nail dystrophy and very painful palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK). PC dramatically impacts quality of life although it does not affect lifespan. PC can arise from mutations in any of the wound-repair-associated keratin genes KRT6A, KRT6B, KRT6C, KRT16 or KRT17. There is no cure for this condition, and current treatment options for PC symptoms are limited and palliative in nature. OBJECTIVES This review focuses on recent progress made towards understanding the pathophysiology of PPK lesions, the most prevalent and debilitating of all PC symptoms. METHODS We reviewed the relevant literature with a particular focus on the Krt16 null mouse, which spontaneously develops footpad lesions that mimic several aspects of PC-associated PPK. RESULTS There are three main stages of progression of PPK-like lesions in Krt16 null mice. Ahead of lesion onset, keratinocytes in the palmoplantar (footpad) skin exhibit specific defects in terminal differentiation, including loss of Krt9 expression. At the time of PPK onset, there is elevated oxidative stress and hypoactive Keap1-Nrf2 signalling. During active PPK, there is a profound defect in the ability of the epidermis to maintain or return to normal homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS The progress made suggests new avenues to explore for the treatment of PC-based PPK and deepens our understanding of the mechanisms controlling skin tissue homeostasis. What's already known about this topic? Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a rare genodermatosis caused by mutations in KRT6A, KRT6B, KRT6C, KRT16 and KRT17, which are normally expressed in skin appendages and induced following injury. Individuals with PC present with multiple clinical symptoms that usually include thickened and dystrophic nails, palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK), glandular cysts and oral leukokeratosis. The study of PC pathophysiology is made challenging because of its low incidence and high complexity. There is no cure or effective treatment for PC. What does this study add? This text reviews recent progress made when studying the pathophysiology of PPK associated with PC. This recent progress points to new possibilities for devising effective therapeutics that may complement current palliative strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. G. Zieman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - P. A. Coulombe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shin NY, Kang JH, Kim JE, Symkhampa K, Huh KH, Yi WJ, Heo MS, Lee SS, Choi SC. Steatocystoma multiplex: A case report of a rare entity. Imaging Sci Dent 2020; 49:317-321. [PMID: 31915618 PMCID: PMC6941837 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2019.49.4.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Steatocystoma multiplex is an uncommon benign skin disease, which typically manifests as numerous intradermal cysts that can be scattered anywhere on the body. Although usually asymptomatic, it can be significantly disfiguring. One type of steatocystoma multiplex is known to be associated with the autosomal dominant inheritance of a mutation in the gene coding for keratin 17 (KRT17). In such cases, it is often concurrent with other developmental abnormalities of the ectoderm-derived tissues, such as the nails, hair, and teeth. To the best of our knowledge, few cases have been reported of steatocystoma multiplex of the oral and maxillofacial region. This report describes a case of steatocystoma multiplex of both sides of the neck and multiple dental anomalies, with a focus on its clinical, radiological, and histopathological characteristics, as well as the possibility that the patient exhibited the familial type of this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Young Shin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jo-Eun Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Khantaly Symkhampa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Kyung-Hoe Huh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Jin Yi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Suk Heo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sam-Sun Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon-Chul Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Alotaibi L, Alsaif M, Alhumidi A, Turkmani M, Alsaif F. Steatocystoma Multiplex Suppurativa: A Case with Unusual Giant Cysts over the Scalp and Neck. Case Rep Dermatol 2019; 11:71-76. [PMID: 31011316 PMCID: PMC6465725 DOI: 10.1159/000498882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Steatocystoma multiplex (SM) is a rare hamartomatous malformation of the pilosebaceous duct junction. Most cases of SM are sporadic, although less common autosomal dominant inherited forms have been reported. Steatocystoma multiplex suppurativa (SMS) is a much rarer inflammatory variant of SM, associated with severe inflammatory lesions resembling those of hidradenitis suppurativa. We describe herein a 28-year-old male with SMS who presented with extensive giant cysts on his neck, face, and scalp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lama Alotaibi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alsaif
- College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alhumidi
- Department of Pathology, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fahad Alsaif
- Department of Dermatology, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Elango T, Sun J, Zhu C, Zhou F, Zhang Y, Sun L, Yang S, Zhang X. Mutational analysis of epidermal and hyperproliferative type I keratins in mild and moderate psoriasis vulgaris patients: a possible role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis along with disease severity. Hum Genomics 2018; 12:27. [PMID: 29784039 PMCID: PMC5963134 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-018-0158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in keratin proteins have been vastly associated with a wide array of genodermatoses; however, mutations of keratins in psoriasis have not been fully investigated. The main aim of the current research was to identify the mutation in K14, K10, K16, and K17 genes in two stages of psoriasis patients. Methods Ninety-six psoriatic skin biopsies were collected. mRNA transcript of K14, K10, K16, and K17 was prepared, amplified, and sequenced. Sanger sequences of all keratins were further validated for mutational analysis using Mutation Surveyor and Alamut Visual. Then, in silico analysis of protein stability and protein and gene expression of all keratins was performed and validated. Results Out of 44 mutations, about 75% of keratins are highly pathogenic and deleterious. Remaining 25% mutations are less pathogenic and tolerated in nature. In these 33 deleterious mutations were immensely found to decrease keratin protein stability. We also found a correlation between keratin and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score which added that alteration in keratin gene in skin causes severity of psoriasis. Conclusions We strongly concluded that acanthosis and abnormal terminal differentiation was mainly due to the mutation in epidermal keratins. In turn, disease severity and relapsing of psoriasis are mainly due to the mutation of hyperproliferative keratins. These novel keratin mutations in psoriatic epidermis might be one of the causative factors for psoriasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40246-018-0158-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamilselvi Elango
- Institute and Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China. .,Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Jingying Sun
- Institute and Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Caihong Zhu
- Institute and Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fusheng Zhou
- Institute and Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yaohua Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangdan Sun
- Institute and Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Dermatosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Institute and Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Dermatosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Institute and Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China. .,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Complex and Severe Dermatosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China. .,Institute of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ghosh R, Chatterjee K, Barua JK, Roy A. Cutaneous Cysts with Nail Dystrophy in a Young Female: A Classical Association. Indian J Dermatol 2017; 62:661-664. [PMID: 29263544 PMCID: PMC5724318 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_473_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pachyonychia Congenita (PC) refers to a group of autosomal dominant disorders with variable clinical presentations. While nail dystrophy and plantar keratoderma are the most consistent features in all the variants, a myriad of other manifestations has been observed. This report highlights a case of young female presenting with multiple asymptomatic cutaneous cysts associated with plantar kearatoderma and nail dystrophy. Similar nail changes were evident in her son also. Such clinical presentation, in corroboration with histopathological evaluation of the cutaneous cyst prompted us to make a diagnosis of Pachyonychia Congenita type II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romana Ghosh
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kingshuk Chatterjee
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Jayanta Kumar Barua
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anupam Roy
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang J, Li J, Li X, Lei D, Xiao W, Li Z, Zhang S, Li M. A recurrent mutation in the KRT17 gene responsible for severe steatocystoma multiplex in a large Chinese family. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017; 43:205-208. [PMID: 29218738 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - X Li
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - D Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - W Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - S Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - M Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Liu Q, Wu W, Lu J, Wang P, Qiao F. Steatocystoma multiplex is associated with the R94C mutation in the KRTl7 gene. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5072-6. [PMID: 26165312 PMCID: PMC4581757 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Steatocystoma multiplex (SM) is an uncommon disorder, characterized by numerous skin-colored subcutaneous cysts. A number of SM pedigrees have been identified with mutations in the keratin 17 (KRT17) gene. The present study examined a four-generation Chinese pedigree with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance and examined its genetic basis. A review of the literature on KRT17 gene mutations in the SM pedigree was also performed to investigate the KRT17 gene mutation and genotype-phenotype correlation. Exon 1 of the KRTl7 gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from genomic DNA obtained, which was obtained from 25 family members in the selected Chinese pedigree and from 100 unrelated control individuals. The DNA was then subjected to automatic DNA sequencing. Genealogical investigations demonstrated an autosomal dominant pattern, and direct sequencing of the PCR product revealed a heterozygous mutation, c.280C/T (R94C), which was located in exon 1 of the KRT17 gene in all 10 affected family members. The mutation was not identified in the 15 unaffected family members or in the 100 unrelated control individuals. Therefore, the present study identified a causative mutation in the KRT17 gene in a large Chinese SM pedigree, exhibiting autosomal dominance. A review of the literature suggested that, in addition to the mutation factor, other modifying factors contribute to the phenotype of familial SM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Skin Disease, Haikou, Hainan 570206, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Skin Disease, Haikou, Hainan 570206, P.R. China
| | - Jiejie Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Skin Disease, Haikou, Hainan 570206, P.R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Skin Disease, Haikou, Hainan 570206, P.R. China
| | - Feng Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Skin Disease, Haikou, Hainan 570206, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pietrzak A, Bartosinska J, Filip AA, Rakowska A, Adamczyk M, Szumilo J, Kanitakis J. Steatocystoma multiplex with hair shaft abnormalities. J Dermatol 2015; 42:521-3. [PMID: 25808203 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Steatocystoma multiplex (SM) is an unusual benign disorder of the pilosebaceous duct characterized by multiple cysts with little or no nail and hair involvement. We report a 30-year-old woman with multiple cystic nodules located on the neck, axillae and forearms as well as patchy scalp alopecia. Histopathological examination of the lesions was diagnostic of SM. Trichoscopy revealed pili torti and pili canaliculi. This patient represents an unusual clinical presentation of SM because of the presence of hair abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Pietrzak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ofaiche J, Duchatelet S, Fraitag S, Nassif A, Nougué J, Hovnanian A. Familial pachyonychia congenita with steatocystoma multiplex and multiple abscesses of the scalp due to the p.Asn92Ser mutation in keratin 17. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:1565-7. [PMID: 24842198 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Ofaiche
- Department of Dermatology, Montauban Hospital, Montauban, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ha WW, Wang J, Wang W, Fu HY, Tang HY, Tang XF, Zhu J, Yin XY, Yang S, Zhang XJ. A novel missense mutation of keratin 17 gene in a chinese family with steatocystoma multiplex. Ann Dermatol 2013; 25:508-10. [PMID: 24371407 PMCID: PMC3870228 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2013.25.4.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Ha
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. ; The MOE Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. ; The MOE Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. ; The MOE Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hong-Yang Fu
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. ; The MOE Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hua-Yang Tang
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. ; The MOE Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xian-Fa Tang
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. ; The MOE Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. ; The MOE Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xian-Yong Yin
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. ; The MOE Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. ; The MOE Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China. ; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xue-Jun Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China. ; The MOE Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Hefei, Anhui, China. ; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Saunders CJ, Van Der Merwe L, Cook J, Handley CJ, Collins M, September AV. Variants within theCOMPandTHBS2genes are not associated with Achilles tendinopathy in a case-control study of South African and Australian populations. J Sports Sci 2013; 32:92-100. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2013.807351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
22
|
Kamra HT, Gadgil PA, Ovhal AG, Narkhede RR. Steatocystoma multiplex-a rare genetic disorder: a case report and review of the literature. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7:166-8. [PMID: 23449619 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2012/4691.2698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A 17 years old female presented with multiple asymptomatic cutaneous cysts all over body, sparing the head and neck region. The microscopic examination of the cysts showed the features of steatocystoma multiplex. This disorder, although it is asymptomatic, is a cosmetic threat to the patient. Only a few cases of the patients with an autosomal dominant mutation, who had keratin 17, have been reported. We are reporting here, a case of steatocystoma multiplex in a 17 years old female, along with its review of literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemlata T Kamra
- Assistant Professor, Government Medical College , Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
The progress of molecular genetics helps clinicians to prove or exclude a suspected diagnosis for a vast and yet increasing number of genodermatoses. This leads to precise genetic counselling, prenatal diagnosis and preimplantation genetic haplotyping for many inherited skin conditions. It is also helpful in such occasions as phenocopy, late onset and incomplete penetrance, uniparental disomy, mitochondrial inheritance and pigmentary mosaicism. Molecular methods of two genodermatoses are explained in detail, i.e. genodermatoses with skin fragility and neurofibromatosis type 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vesarat Wessagowit
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, The Institute of Dermatology, Bangkok, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Homozygous Dominant Missense Mutation in Keratin 17 Leads to Alopecia in Addition to Severe Pachyonychia Congenita. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:1921-4. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
25
|
Pachyonychia Congenita-Associated Alopecia. Case Rep Pathol 2012; 2012:850658. [PMID: 23056978 PMCID: PMC3465886 DOI: 10.1155/2012/850658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 5-year-old female, known case of pachyonychia congenita, presented with diffuse hair loss; remaining hairs were easily plucked kinky hairs. Hair samples from patient were investigated using a light microscope. The hairs of the patients were mainly anagen hairs and unlike normal plucked anagen hairs, showed keratinization and cornification of their hair bulbs. No specific hair shaft abnormality was found.
Collapse
|
26
|
Coda AB, Sinha AA. Integration of genome-wide transcriptional and genetic profiles provides insights into disease development and clinical heterogeneity in Alopecia areata. Genomics 2011; 98:431-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
27
|
Varshney M, Aziz M, Maheshwari V, Alam K, Jain A, Arif SH, Gaur K. Steatocystoma multiplex. BMJ Case Rep 2011; 2011:bcr.04.2011.4165. [PMID: 22679266 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.04.2011.4165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 40-year-old man presented with multiple papules on his head and neck. The lesions had been present for about 15 years. The patient was treated for acne for 6 months, but no improvement was noted. A biopsy was performed and microscopic findings were consistent with steatocystoma multiplex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoranjan Varshney
- Pathology Department, JN Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fimmel S, Zouboulis CC. Comorbidities of hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa). DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2011; 2:9-16. [PMID: 21547142 DOI: 10.4161/derm.2.1.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Comorbidities of hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa) were reviewed by extracting original and review publications included in MEDLINE, EMBASE and COCHRANE libraries using the terms "hidradenitis," "Verneuil" and "acne inversa." Follicular occlusion disorders, inflammatory bowel diseases, especially Crohn disease, spondylarthropathy, other hyperergic diseases, genetic keratin disorders associated with follicular occlusion and squamous cell carcinoma were the most common hidradenitis suppurativa comorbid diseases. A first classification of these major comorbidities and their possible genetic background reveals a list of chromosome loci and genes, which could be hidradenitis suppurativa candidates. Most of these diseases belong to the group of autoinflammatory disorders, where th17 cell cytokines seem to play a central role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Fimmel
- Laboratory for Biogerontology; Dermato-Pharmacology and Dermato-Endocrinology; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology; Campus Benjamin Franklin; Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wilson NJ, Leachman SA, Hansen CD, McMullan AC, Milstone LM, Schwartz ME, McLean WI, Hull PR, Smith FJ. A Large Mutational Study in Pachyonychia Congenita. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:1018-24. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
30
|
Keratin gene mutations in disorders of human skin and its appendages. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 508:123-37. [PMID: 21176769 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Keratins, the major structural protein of all epithelia are a diverse group of cytoskeletal scaffolding proteins that form intermediate filament networks, providing structural support to keratinocytes that maintain the integrity of the skin. Expression of keratin genes is usually regulated by differentiation of the epidermal cells within the stratifying squamous epithelium. Amongst the 54 known functional keratin genes in humans, about 22 different genes including, the cornea, hair and hair follicle-specific keratins have been implicated in a wide range of hereditary diseases. The exact phenotype of each disease usually reflects the spatial expression level and the types of mutated keratin genes, the location of the mutations and their consequences at sub-cellular levels as well as other epigenetic and/or environmental factors. The identification of specific pathogenic mutations in keratin disorders formed the basis of our understanding that led to re-classification, improved diagnosis with prognostic implications, prenatal testing and genetic counseling in severe keratin genodermatoses. Molecular defects in cutaneous keratin genes encoding for keratin intermediate filaments (KIFs) causes keratinocytes and tissue-specific fragility, accounting for a large number of genetic disorders in human skin and its appendages. These diseases are characterized by keratinocytes fragility (cytolysis), intra-epidermal blistering, hyperkeratosis, and keratin filament aggregation in severely affected tissues. Examples include epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS; K5, K14), keratinopathic ichthyosis (KPI; K1, K2, K10) i.e. epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI; K1, K10) and ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens (IBS; K2), pachyonychia congenita (PC; K6a, K6b, K16, K17), epidermolytic palmo-plantar keratoderma (EPPK; K9, (K1)), monilethrix (K81, K83, K86), ectodermal dysplasia (ED; K85) and steatocystoma multiplex. These keratins also have been identified to have roles in apoptosis, cell proliferation, wound healing, tissue polarity and remodeling. This review summarizes and discusses the clinical, ultrastructural, molecular genetics and biochemical characteristics of a broad spectrum of keratin-related genodermatoses, with special clinical emphasis on EBS, EI and PC. We also highlight current and emerging model tools for prognostic future therapies. Hopefully, disease modeling and in-depth understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the diseases may lead to the development of novel therapies for several hereditary cutaneous diseases.
Collapse
|
31
|
Genotype-phenotype correlations among pachyonychia congenita patients with K16 mutations. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 131:1025-8. [PMID: 21160496 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a rare, autosomal dominant keratin disorder caused by mutations in four genes (KRT6A, KRT6B, KRT16, or KRT17). The International PC Research Registry is a database with information on patients' symptoms as well as genotypes. We sought to describe the heterogeneity of clinical symptoms and to investigate possible genotype-phenotype correlations in patients with two types of K16 mutations, p.Asn125 and p.Arg127, causing the PC-16 subtype of PC. We found that clinical symptoms depended on the type of amino-acid substitution. Patients with p.Asn125Asp and p.Arg127Pro mutations exhibited more severe disease than patients carrying p.Asn125Ser and p.Arg127Cys mutations in terms of age of onset of symptoms, extent of nail involvement, and impact on daily quality of life. We speculate that amino-acid substitutions causing larger, more disruptive changes to the K16 protein structure, such as a change in amino-acid charge in the p.Asn125Asp mutation or a bulky proline substitution in the p.Arg127Pro mutation, may also lead to more severe disease phenotypes. The variation in phenotypes seen with different substitutions at the same mutation site suggests a genotype-phenotype correlation. Knowledge of the exact gene defect is likely to assist in predicting disease prognosis and clinical management.
Collapse
|
32
|
Gass JK, Wilson NJ, Smith FJD, Lane EB, McLean WHI, Rytina E, Salvary I, Burrows NP. Steatocystoma multiplex, oligodontia and partial persistent primary dentition associated with a novel keratin 17 mutation. Br J Dermatol 2009; 161:1396-8. [PMID: 19659471 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09383.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J K Gass
- Department of Dermatology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang JF, Lu WS, Sun LD, Lv YM, Zhou FS, Fang QY, Tang HY, Cui Y, Yang S, Zhang XJ. Novel missense mutation of keratin in Chinese family with steatocystoma multiplex. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009; 23:723-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03180.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
34
|
The molecular basis of human keratin disorders. Hum Genet 2009; 125:355-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0646-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
35
|
Gu LH, Coulombe PA. Hedgehog signaling, keratin 6 induction, and sebaceous gland morphogenesis: implications for pachyonychia congenita and related conditions. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 173:752-61. [PMID: 18688029 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.071089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Keratins 6a and b (K6a, K6b) belong to a subset of keratin genes with constitutive expression in epithelial appendages, and inducible expression in additional epithelia, when subjected to environmental challenges or disease. Mutations in K6a or K6b cause a broad spectrum of epithelial lesions that differentially affect nail, hair, and glands in humans. Some lesions reflect a loss of the structural support function shared by K6, other keratins, and intermediate filament proteins. The formation of sebaceous gland-derived epithelial cysts does not fit this paradigm, raising the question of the unique functions of different K6 isoforms in this setting. Here, we exploit a mouse model of constitutively expressed Gli2, a Hedgehog (Hh) signal effector, to show that K6a expression correlates with duct fate in sebaceous glands (SGs). Whether in the setting of Gli2 transgenic mice skin, which develops a prominent SG duct and additional pairs of highly branched SGs, or in wild-type mouse skin, K6a expression consistently coincides with Hh signaling in ductal tissue. Gli2 expression modestly transactivates a K6a promoter-driven reporter in heterologous systems. Our findings thus identify K6 as a marker of duct fate in SGs, partly in response to Hh signaling, with implications for the pathological expansion of SGs that arises in the context of certain keratin-based diseases and related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Gu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lee D, Santos D, Al-Rawi H, McNeill A, Rugg E. The chemical chaperone trimethylamine N-oxide ameliorates the effects of mutant keratins in cultured cells. Br J Dermatol 2008; 159:252-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08596.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
37
|
Recurrent mutation in keratin 17 in a large family with pachyonychia congenita type 2. Arch Dermatol Res 2008; 300:211-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-008-0840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2007] [Revised: 12/28/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
38
|
Ichikawa K, Akamatsu T, Tanino R, Miyasaka M. Surgical treatment of facial steatocystoma multiplex. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00238-006-0037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
39
|
Smith FJD, Liao H, Cassidy AJ, Stewart A, Hamill KJ, Wood P, Joval I, van Steensel MAM, Björck E, Callif-Daley F, Pals G, Collins P, Leachman SA, Munro CS, McLean WHI. The genetic basis of pachyonychia congenita. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2005; 10:21-30. [PMID: 16250206 DOI: 10.1111/j.1087-0024.2005.10204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In 1994, the molecular basis of pachyonychia congenita (PC) was elucidated. Four keratin genes are associated with the major subtypes of PC: K6a or K16 defects cause PC-1; and mutations in K6b or K17 cause PC-2. Mutations in keratins, the epithelial-specific intermediate filament proteins, result in aberrant cytoskeletal networks which present clinically as a variety of epithelial fragility phenotypes. To date, mutations in 20 keratin genes are associated with human disorders. Here, we review the genetic basis of PC and report 30 new PC mutations. Of these, 25 mutations were found in PC-1 families and five mutations were identified in PC-2 kindreds. All mutations identified were heterozygous amino acid substitutions or small in-frame deletion mutations with the exception of an unusual mutation in a sporadic case of PC-1. The latter carried a 117 bp duplication resulting in a 39 amino acid insertion in the 2B domain of K6a. Also of note was mutation L388P in K17, which is the first genetic defect identified in the helix termination motif of this protein. Understanding the genetic basis of these disorders allows better counseling for patients and paves the way for therapy development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frances J D Smith
- Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
McLean WHI, Smith FJD, Cassidy AJ. Insights into genotype-phenotype correlation in pachyonychia congenita from the human intermediate filament mutation database. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2005; 10:31-6. [PMID: 16250207 DOI: 10.1111/j.1087-0024.2005.10205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Keratins are the intermediate filament proteins specifically expressed by epithelial cells. The Human Genome Project has uncovered a total of 54 functional keratin genes that are differentially expressed in specific epithelial structures of the body, many of which involve the epidermis and its appendages. Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a group of autosomal dominant genodermatoses affecting the nails, thick skin and other ectodermal structures, according to specific sub-type. The major clinical variants of the disorder (PC-1 and PC-2) are known to be caused by dominant-negative mutations in one of four differentiation-specific keratins: K6a, K6b, K16, and K17. A total of 20 human keratin genes are currently linked to single-gene disorders or are predisposing factors in complex traits. In addition, a further six intermediate filament genes have been linked to other non-epithelial genetic disorders. We have established a comprehensive mutation database that catalogs all published independent occurrences of intermediate filament mutations (http://www.interfil.org), with details of phenotypes, published papers, patient support groups and other information. Here, we review the genotype-phenotype trends emerging from the spectrum of mutations in these genes and apply these correlations to make predictions about PC phenotypes based on the site of mutation and keratin pair involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W H Irwin McLean
- Epithelial Genetics Group, Human Genetics Unit, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Leachman SA, Kaspar RL, Fleckman P, Florell SR, Smith FJD, McLean WHI, Lunny DP, Milstone LM, van Steensel MAM, Munro CS, O'Toole EA, Celebi JT, Kansky A, Lane EB. Clinical and Pathological Features of Pachyonychia Congenita. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2005; 10:3-17. [PMID: 16250204 DOI: 10.1111/j.1087-0024.2005.10202.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a rare genodermatosis affecting the nails, skin, oral mucosae, larynx, hair, and teeth. Pathogenic mutations in keratins K6a or K16 are associated with the PC-1 phenotype whereas K6b and K17 mutations are associated with the PC-2 phenotype. Analysis of clinical, pathological, and genetic data from the literature and two research registries reveal that >97% of PC cases exhibit fingernail and toenail thickening, and painful plantar keratoderma. Prospective evaluation of 57 PC patients from 41 families revealed variable clinical findings: hyperhidrosis (79%), oral leukokeratosis (75%), follicular keratosis (65%), palmar keratoderma (60%), cutaneous cysts (35%), hoarseness or laryngeal involvement (16%), coarse or twisted hair (26%), early primary tooth loss (14%), and presence of natal or prenatal teeth (2%). Stratification of these data by keratin mutation confirmed the increased incidence of cyst formation and natal teeth among PC-2 patients, although cysts were more commonly seen in PC-1 than previously reported (25%-33%). Previously unreported clinical features of PC include development of painful oral and nipple lesions during breastfeeding, copious production of waxy material in ears, and inability to walk without an ambulatory aid (50%). Possible pathogenic mechanisms are discussed with respect to the clinicopathologic and genetic correlations observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sancy A Leachman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-5550, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The palmoplantar skin is a highly specialized tissue which is able to resist mechanical trauma and other physical stress. In recent years the more descriptive classification of keratodermas has switched to an exact molecular genetic view where gene functions are considered. Palmoplantar keratodermas can be separated in the following functional subgroups: disturbed gene fuctions in structural proteins (keratins), cornified envelope (loricrin, transglutaminase), cohesion (plakophilin, desmoplakin, desmoglein1), cell-to-cell communication (connexins), and transmembrane signal transduction (cathepsin C). This review intends to emphasize the typical clinical aspects and symptom complexes associated with palmoplantar keratodermas which enable the astute dermatologist to make a clinical diagnosis. In addition the molecular genetic knowledge on the topic is given which is necessary to confirm the clinical diagnosis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Biopsy, Needle
- Connexins/genetics
- Desmosomes/genetics
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Incidence
- Keratins/genetics
- Keratoderma, Palmoplantar/diagnosis
- Keratoderma, Palmoplantar/epidemiology
- Keratoderma, Palmoplantar/genetics
- Keratoderma, Palmoplantar, Diffuse/diagnosis
- Keratoderma, Palmoplantar, Diffuse/epidemiology
- Keratoderma, Palmoplantar, Diffuse/genetics
- Male
- Prognosis
- Risk Assessment
- Severity of Illness Index
- Sex Distribution
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Itin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Coulombe PA, Tong X, Mazzalupo S, Wang Z, Wong P. Great promises yet to be fulfilled: defining keratin intermediate filament function in vivo. Eur J Cell Biol 2005; 83:735-46. [PMID: 15679118 DOI: 10.1078/0171-9335-00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratins are abundant proteins in epithelial cells, in which they occur as a cytoplasmic network of 10 - 12 nm wide intermediate filaments (IFs). They are encoded by a large family of conserved genes in mammals, with more than 50 individual members partitioned into two sequence types. A strict requirement for the heteropolymerization of type I and type II keratin proteins during filament formation underlies the pairwise transcriptional regulation of keratin genes. In addition, individual pairs are regulated in a tissue-type and differentiation-specific manner. Elucidating the rationale behind the diversity and differential distribution of keratin proteins offers the promise of novel insight into epithelial biology. At present, we know that keratin IFs act as resilient yet pliable scaffolds that endow epithelial cells with the ability to sustain mechanical and non-mechanical stresses. Accordingly, inherited mutations altering the coding sequence of keratins underlie several epithelial fragility disorders. In addition, keratin IFs influence the cellular response to pro-apoptotic signals in specific settings, and the routing of membrane proteins in polarized epithelia. Here we review studies focused on a subset of keratin genes, K6, K16 and K17, showing a complex regulation in vivo, including a widely known upregulation during wound repair and in diseased skin. Progress in defining the function of these and other keratins through gene manipulation in mice has been hampered by functional redundancy within the family. Still, detailed studies of the phenotype exhibited by K6 and K17 null mice yielded novel insight into the properties and function of keratin IFs in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre A Coulombe
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Uchida T, Inaoki M, Makino E, Fujimoto W. Identification of a recurrent mutation in keratin 17 in a Japanese family with pachyonychia congenita type 2. J Dermatol Sci 2005; 38:60-3. [PMID: 15795125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2004.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2004] [Accepted: 12/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
45
|
Rugg EL, Leigh IM. The keratins and their disorders. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2005; 131C:4-11. [PMID: 15452838 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.30029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Diseases caused by mutations in gene encoding keratin intermediate filaments (IF) are characterized by a loss of structural integrity in the cells expressing those keratins in vivo. This is manifested as cell fragility, compensatory epidermal hyperkeratosis, and keratin filament aggregation in some affected tissues. Keratin disorders are a novel molecular category including quite different phenotypes such as epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS), bullous congenital ichthyosiform erthroderma (BCIE), pachyonychia congenital (PC), steatocystoma multiplex, ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens (IBS), and white sponge nevus (WSN) of the orogenital mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Rugg
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine, 92697-2400, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Li R, Johnson AB, Salomons G, Goldman JE, Naidu S, Quinlan R, Cree B, Ruyle SZ, Banwell B, D'Hooghe M, Siebert JR, Rolf CM, Cox H, Reddy A, Gutiérrez-Solana LG, Collins A, Weller RO, Messing A, van der Knaap MS, Brenner M. Glial fibrillary acidic protein mutations in infantile, juvenile, and adult forms of Alexander disease. Ann Neurol 2005; 57:310-26. [PMID: 15732097 DOI: 10.1002/ana.20406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alexander disease is a progressive, usually fatal neurological disorder defined by the widespread and abundant presence in astrocytes of protein aggregates called Rosenthal fibers. The disease most often occurs in infants younger than 2 years and has been labeled a leukodystrophy because of an accompanying severe myelin deficit in the frontal lobes. Later onset forms have also been recognized based on the presence of abundant Rosenthal fibers. In these cases, clinical signs and pathology can be quite different from the infantile form, raising the question whether they share the same underlying cause. Recently, we and others have found pathogenic, de novo missense mutations in the glial fibrillary acidic protein gene in most infantile patients examined and in a few later onset patients. To obtain further information about the role of glial fibrillary acidic protein mutations in Alexander disease, we analyzed 41 new patients and another 3 previously described clinically, including 18 later onset patients. Our results show that dominant missense glial fibrillary acidic protein mutations account for nearly all forms of this disorder. They also significantly expand the catalog of responsible mutations, verify the value of magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis, indicate an unexpected male predominance for the juvenile form, and provide insights into phenotype-genotype relations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Hair and nails are skin appendages that share with other ectodermal tissues a common developmental pathway. Inherited disorders affecting these two structures therefore very often involve other epithelial components and present with multiple anomalies, generating both physical and psychological distress among patients and their families. The present review briefly describes major recent advances in our understanding of hair and nail genodermatoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eli Sprecher
- Department of Dermatology and the Laboratory of Molecular Dermatology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 31096, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
The association of keratin mutations with genetic skin fragility disorders is now one of the best-established examples of cytoskeleton disorders. It has served as a paradigm for many other diseases and has been highly informative for the study of intermediate filaments and their associated components, in helping to understand the functions of this large family of structural proteins. The keratin diseases have shown unequivocally that, at least in the case of the epidermal keratins, a major function of intermediate filaments is to provide physical resilience for epithelial cells. This review article reflects on the variety of phenotypes arising from mutations in keratins and the reasons for this variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E B Lane
- Cancer Research UK Cell Structure Research Group, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Dundee School of Life Sciences, MSI/WTB Complex, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Affiliation(s)
- David S Rubenstein
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Fan W, Yoon K. In vivo alteration of the keratin 17 gene in hair follicles by oligonucleotide-directed gene targeting. Exp Dermatol 2004; 12:832-42. [PMID: 14714564 DOI: 10.1111/j.0906-6705.2003.00099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Using intradermal injection of a chimeric RNA-DNA oligonucleotide (RDO) or a single-stranded oligonucleotide (ssODN) into murine skin, we attempted to make a dominant mutation (R94p) in the conserve alpha-helical domain of keratin 17 (K17), the same mutation found in pachyononychia congenichia type 2 (PC-2) patients with phenotypes ranging from twisted hair and multiple pilosebaceous cysts. Both K17A-RDO and -ssODN contained a single base mismatch (CGC to CCC) to alter the normal K17 sequence to cause an amino acid substitution (R94P). The complexes consisting of oligonucleotides and cationic liposomes were injected to C57B1/6 murine skin at 2 and 5 day after birth. Histological examination of skin biopsies at postnatal day 8 from several mice showed consistent twisted hair shafts or broken hair follicles at the sebaceous gland level and occasional rupture of the hair bulb or epidermal cyst-like changes. In the injected area, the number of full anagen hair follicles decrease by 50%. Injection of the control oligonucleotide, identical to K17A-RDO but containing no mismatch to the normal sequence, did not result in any detectable abnormality. The frequency of gene alteration was lower than 3%, according to the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the genomic DNA isolated by dissection of hair follicles from slides. Although intradermal injection of K17A-RDO or K17-ssODN caused a dominant mutation in K17 affecting hair growth and morphology, these phenotypic changes were transient either due to the compensation of K17 by other keratins or the replacement of the mutated cells by normal surrounding cells during hair growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Fan
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|