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Sánchez-Ramírez D, Mendoza-Rodríguez MG, Alemán OR, Candanedo-González FA, Rodríguez-Sosa M, Montesinos-Montesinos JJ, Salcedo M, Brito-Toledo I, Vaca-Paniagua F, Terrazas LI. Impact of STAT-signaling pathway on cancer-associated fibroblasts in colorectal cancer and its role in immunosuppression. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:1705-1724. [PMID: 38764833 PMCID: PMC11099434 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most commonly diagnosed and deadliest types of cancer worldwide. CRC displays a desmoplastic reaction (DR) that has been inversely associated with poor prognosis; less DR is associated with a better prognosis. This reaction generates excessive connective tissue, in which cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are critical cells that form a part of the tumor microenvironment. CAFs are directly involved in tumorigenesis through different mechanisms. However, their role in immunosuppression in CRC is not well understood, and the precise role of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) in mediating CAF activity in CRC remains unclear. Among the myriad chemical and biological factors that affect CAFs, different cytokines mediate their function by activating STAT signaling pathways. Thus, the harmful effects of CAFs in favoring tumor growth and invasion may be modulated using STAT inhibitors. Here, we analyze the impact of different STATs on CAF activity and their immunoregulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián Sánchez-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigacion en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Mónica G Mendoza-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigacion en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Omar R Alemán
- Department of Biology, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Fernando A Candanedo-González
- Department of Pathology, National Medical Center Century XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Miriam Rodríguez-Sosa
- Unidad de Investigacion en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Juan José Montesinos-Montesinos
- Laboratorio de Células Troncales Mesenquimales, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital de Oncología Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Salcedo
- Unidad de Investigacion en Biomedicina y Oncologia Genomica, Instituto Mexciano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 07300, Mexico
| | - Ismael Brito-Toledo
- Servicio de Colon y Recto, Hospital de Oncología Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Felipe Vaca-Paniagua
- Unidad de Investigacion en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional en Salud, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Luis I Terrazas
- Unidad de Investigacion en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional en Salud, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
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2
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Kwon JW, Savitri C, An B, Yang SW, Park K. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived secretomes-enriched alginate/ extracellular matrix hydrogel patch accelerates skin wound healing. Biomater Res 2023; 27:107. [PMID: 37904231 PMCID: PMC10617187 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The secretomes of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great therapeutic potential and thereby their efficient delivery into the target site is of particular interest. Here, we propose a new strategy of hMSCs-derived secretomes delivery for advanced wound healing upon harnessing the working principle of extracellular matrix (ECM)-growth factors interaction in vivo. METHODS We prepared an alginate hydrogel based wound patch, where it contains both human MSC-derived secretomes and ECM. The ECM was obtained from the decellularization of in vitro cultured human lung fibroblasts. The alginate solution was blended with ECM suspension, crosslinked, air-dried, then rehydrated with the secretomes contained in the concentrated conditioned media (CCM) as a highly saturated form of conditioned media (CM). We tested four different groups, with or without the ECM to investigate not only the role of ECM but the therapeutic effect of secretomes. RESULTS The secretomes reserved many, diverse bioactive factors, such as VEGF, HGF, IGFBPs, IL-6, and IL-8. Alginate/ECM/CCM (AEC) patch could hold significantly larger amount of secretomes and release them longer than the other groups. Our AEC patch was the most effective in stimulating not only cell migration and proliferation but the collagen synthesis of dermal fibroblasts in vitro. Moreover, the AEC patch-treated full-thickness skin wounds disclosed significantly better wound healing indications: cell recruitment, neovascularization, epidermis thickness, keratinocyte migration, and mature collagen deposition, as assessed via histology (H&E, Herovici staining) and immunofluorescence, respectively. In particular, our AEC patch enabled a phenotype shift of myofibroblast into fibroblast over time and led to mature blood vessel formation at 14 day. CONCLUSIONS We believe that ECM certainly contributed to generate a secretomes-enriched milieu via ECM-secretomes interactions and thereby such secretomes could be delivered more efficiently, exerting significant therapeutic impact either individually or collectively during wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Kwon
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST school, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Cininta Savitri
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungha An
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST school, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Yang
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST school, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwideok Park
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST school, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Radstake WE, Gautam K, Miranda S, Van Rompay C, Vermeesen R, Tabury K, Verslegers M, Dowson A, Gorissen J, van Loon JJWA, Savage NDL, Baatout S, Baselet B. Gravitational effects on fibroblasts' function in relation to wound healing. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:48. [PMID: 37344509 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The spaceflight environment imposes risks for maintaining a healthy skin function as the observed delayed wound healing can contribute to increased risks of infection. To counteract delayed wound healing in space, a better understanding of the fibroblasts' reaction to altered gravity levels is needed. In this paper, we describe experiments that were carried out at the Large Diameter Centrifuge located in ESA-ESTEC as part of the ESA Academy 2021 Spin Your Thesis! Campaign. We exposed dermal fibroblasts to a set of altered gravity levels, including transitions between simulated microgravity and hypergravity. The addition of the stress hormone cortisol to the cell culture medium was done to account for possible interaction effects of gravity and cortisol exposure. Results show a main impact of cortisol on the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as extracellular matrix proteins. Altered gravity mostly induced a delay in cellular migration and changes in mechanosensitive cell structures. Furthermore, 20 × g hypergravity transitions induced changes in nuclear morphology. These findings provide insights into the effect of gravity transitions on the fibroblasts' function related to wound healing, which may be useful for the development of countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelmina E Radstake
- Radiobiology Unit, SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, 2400, Mol, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kiran Gautam
- Radiobiology Unit, SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Silvana Miranda
- Radiobiology Unit, SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, 2400, Mol, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cynthia Van Rompay
- Radiobiology Unit, SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Randy Vermeesen
- Radiobiology Unit, SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Kevin Tabury
- Radiobiology Unit, SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, 2400, Mol, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Mieke Verslegers
- Radiobiology Unit, SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Alan Dowson
- Serco Nederland for the European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), TEC-MMG, Keplerlaan 1, 2201, AZ, Noordwijk, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jack J W A van Loon
- ESA/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2200, AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam Movement Sciences & Amsterdam Bone Center (ABC), Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam & Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081, LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nigel D L Savage
- HE Space Operations for the European Space Agency, ESA/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2200, AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, 2400, Mol, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Radiobiology Unit, SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, 2400, Mol, Belgium.
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Verçosa BLA, Muniz-Junqueira MI, Menezes-Souza D, Fujiwara RT, Borges LDF, Melo MN, Vasconcelos AC. MCP-1/IL-12 ratio expressions correlated with adventitial collagen depositions in renal vessels and IL-4/IFN-γ expression correlated with interstitial collagen depositions in the kidneys of dogs with canine leishmaniasis. Mol Immunol 2023; 156:61-76. [PMID: 36889187 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Collagen deposition is a common event in chronic inflammation, and canine Leishmaniosis (CanL) is generally associated with a long and chronic evolution. Considering that the kidney shows fibrinogenic changes during CanL, and the balance of cytokines/chemokines regulates the profibrinogenic and antifibrinogenic immune responses differently, it can be hypothesized that the balance of cytokines/chemokines can be differentially expressed in the renal tissue in order to determine the expression of collagen depositions in the kidneys. This study aimed to measure collagen deposition and to evaluate cytokine/chemokine expressions in the kidney by means of qRT-PCR in sixteen Leishmania-infected dogs and six uninfected controls. Kidney fragments were stained with hematoxylin & eosin (H&E), Masson's Trichrome, Picrosirius Red, and Gomori's reticulin. Intertubular and adventitial collagen depositions were evaluated by the morphometric approach. Cytokine RNA expressions were measured by means of qRT-PCR to identify molecules involved in chronic collagen depositions in kidneys with CanL. Collagen depositions were related to the presence of clinical signs, and more intense intertubular collagen depositions occurred in infected dogs. Adventitial collagen deposition, as morphometrically measured by the average area of the collagen, was more intense in clinically affected dogs than in subclinically infected dogs. TNF-α/TGF-β, MCP1/IL-12, CCL5/IL-12, IL-4/IFN-γ, and IL-12/TGF-β expressions were associated with clinical manifestations in dogs with CanL. The IL-4/IFN-α ratio was more commonly expressed and upregulated in clinically affected dogs, and downregulated in subclinically infected dogs. Furthermore, MCP-1/IL-12 and CCL5/IL-12 were more commonly expressed in subclinically infected dogs. Strong positive correlations were detected between morphometric values of interstitial collagen depositions and MCP-1/IL-12, IL-12, and IL-4 mRNA expression levels in the renal tissues. Adventitial collagen deposition was correlated with TGF-β, IL-4/IFN-γ, and TNF-α/TGF-β. In conclusion, our results showed the association of MCP-1/IL-12 and CCL5/IL-12 ratios with an absence of clinical signs, as well as an IL-4/IFN-α ratio with adventitial and intertubular collagen depositions in dogs with visceral leishmaniosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Laurice Araújo Verçosa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunologia Celular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
| | | | - Daniel Menezes-Souza
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciano de F Borges
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Norma Melo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anilton Cesar Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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5
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Conte F, Beier JP, Ruhl T. Adipose and lipoma stem cells: A donor-matched comparison. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:202-210. [PMID: 36576019 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipomas are slow growing benign fat tumors that develop in soft tissues of the mesoderm. Thus, the specific (dys-)function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been suggested in the development of lipomas, but details of the tumor pathogenesis remain unclear. Existing studies comparing stem cells from native adipose (adipose stem cells [ASCs]) and lipomatous tissues (LSCs) have reported contradicting findings. However, harvesting ASCs and LSCs from different individuals might have influenced proper comparison. Therefore, we aimed to characterize donor-matched ASCs and LSCs to investigate metabolic activity, proliferation, capability for tri-linear differentiation (chondrogenesis, adipogenesis, osteogenesis), and the secretome of mature adipocytes and lipomacytes. Both stem cell types did not differ in metabolic activity, but ASCs demonstrated stronger proliferation than LSCs. While there was no difference in proteoglycan accumulation during chondrogenic differentiation, adipogenesis was higher in ASCs, with more lipid vacuole formation. Conversely, LSCs showed increased osteogenesis by higher calcium deposition. Lipomacytes showed stronger secretory activity and released higher levels of certain adipokines. Our findings indicated that LSCs possessed important characteristics of MSCs, including ASCs. However, LSCs' low proliferation and adipogenic differentiation behavior did not appear to account for enhanced tissue proliferation, but the secretome of lipomacytes could contribute to lipomatous neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Conte
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Justus P Beier
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Ruhl
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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6
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Easson GWD, Savadipour A, Anandarajah A, Iannucci LE, Lake SP, Guilak F, Tang SY. Modulation of TRPV4 protects against degeneration induced by sustained loading and promotes matrix synthesis in the intervertebral disc. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22714. [PMID: 36583692 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201388r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
While it is well known that mechanical signals can either promote or disrupt intervertebral disc (IVD) homeostasis, the molecular mechanisms for transducing mechanical stimuli are not fully understood. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channel activated in isolated IVD cells initiates extracellular matrix (ECM) gene expression, while TRPV4 ablation reduces cytokine production in response to circumferential stretching. However, the role of TRPV4 on ECM maintenance during tissue-level mechanical loading remains unknown. Using an organ culture model, we modulated TRPV4 function over both short- (hours) and long-term (days) and evaluated the IVDs' response. Activating TRPV4 with the agonist GSK101 resulted in a Ca2+ flux propagating across the cells within the IVD. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling in the IVD peaked at 6 h following TRPV4 activation that subsequently resulted in higher interleukin (IL)-6 production at 7 days. These cellular responses were concomitant with the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and increased hydration in the nucleus pulposus that culminated in higher stiffness of the IVD. Sustained compressive loading of the IVD resulted in elevated NF-κB activity, IL-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) production, and degenerative changes to the ECM. TRPV4 inhibition using GSK205 during loading mitigated the changes in inflammatory cytokines, protected against IVD degeneration, but could not prevent ECM disorganization due to mechanical damage in the annulus fibrosus. These results indicate TRPV4 plays an important role in both short- and long-term adaptations of the IVD to mechanical loading. The modulation of TRPV4 may be a possible therapeutic for preventing load-induced IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett W D Easson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alireza Savadipour
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriner's Hospital for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Akila Anandarajah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Leanne E Iannucci
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Spencer P Lake
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriner's Hospital for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Simon Y Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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7
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Gingival Enlargement Caused by Calcium Channel Blockers. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2021-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Calcium channel blockers, a group of drugs widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular patients, although effective, often cause gingival enlargement, a side effect that is rarely recognized in clinical practice and is not given sufficient importance. Gingival enlargement caused by calcium channel blockers can be localized or generalized, mild or severe. It can negatively affect patients’ appearance, mastication, and speech, thus considerably reducing the quality of life of patients. Risk factors and pathogenesis of this side effect have been the subject of many studies but are still unknown, making this condition a major therapeutic challenge, especially if the cessation of the offending drug is not possible. This study aimed to review the etiology, potential risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical features, and therapy possibilities for gingival enlargement caused by calcium channel blockers.
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The Influence of Novel, Biocompatible, and Bioresorbable Poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) Dressings on Wound Healing in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416159. [PMID: 36555799 PMCID: PMC9785414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body's natural protective barrier, the skin, is exposed daily to minor or major mechanical trauma, which can compromise its integrity. Therefore, the search for new dressing materials that can offer new functionalisation is fully justified. In this work, the development of two new types of dressings based on poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) (P(3HO)) is presented. One of the groups was supplemented with conjugates of an anti-inflammatory substance (diclofenac) that was covalently linked to oligomers of hydroxycarboxylic acids (Oli-dicP(3HO)). The novel dressings were prepared using the solvent casting/particulate leaching technique. To our knowledge, this is the first paper in which P(3HO)-based dressings were used in mice wound treatment. The results of our research confirm that dressings based on P(3HO) are safe, do not induce an inflammatory response, reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, provide adequate wound moisture, support angiogenesis, and, thanks to their hydrophobic characteristics, provide an ideal protective barrier. Newly designed dressings containing Oli-dicP(3HO) can promote tissue regeneration by partially reducing the inflammation at the injury site. To conclude, the presented materials might be potential candidates as excellent dressings for wound treatment.
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9
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Clément V, Roy V, Paré B, Goulet CR, Deschênes LT, Berthod F, Bolduc S, Gros-Louis F. Tridimensional cell culture of dermal fibroblasts promotes exosome-mediated secretion of extracellular matrix proteins. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19786. [PMID: 36396670 PMCID: PMC9672399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion, deposition and assembly are part of a whole complex biological process influencing the microenvironment and other cellular behaviors. Emerging evidence is attributing a significant role to extracellular vesicles (EVs) and exosomes in a plethora of ECM-associated functions, but the role of dermal fibroblast-derived EVs in paracrine signalling is yet unclear. Herein, we investigated the effect of exosomes isolated from stimulated human dermal fibroblasts. We report that tridimensional (3D) cell culture of dermal fibroblasts promotes secretion of exosomes carrying a large quantity of proteins involved in the formation, organisation and remodelling of the ECM. In our 3D model, gene expression was highly modulated and linked to ECM, cellular migration and proliferation, as well as inflammatory response. Mass spectrometry analysis of exosomal proteins, isolated from 3D cultured fibroblast-conditioned media, revealed ECM protein enrichment, of which many were associated with the matrisome. We also show that the cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) is predicted to be central to the signalling pathways related to ECM formation and contributing to cell migration and proliferation. Overall, our data suggest that dermal fibroblast-derived EVs participate in many steps of the establishment of dermis's ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Clément
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC Canada ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Division of Regenerative Medicine, Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, CHU de Québec Research Center – Enfant-Jésus Hospital, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Vincent Roy
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC Canada ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Division of Regenerative Medicine, Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, CHU de Québec Research Center – Enfant-Jésus Hospital, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Bastien Paré
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC Canada ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Division of Regenerative Medicine, Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, CHU de Québec Research Center – Enfant-Jésus Hospital, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Cassandra R. Goulet
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC Canada ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Division of Regenerative Medicine, Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, CHU de Québec Research Center – Enfant-Jésus Hospital, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Lydia Touzel Deschênes
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC Canada ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Division of Regenerative Medicine, Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, CHU de Québec Research Center – Enfant-Jésus Hospital, Québec, QC Canada
| | - François Berthod
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC Canada ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Division of Regenerative Medicine, Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, CHU de Québec Research Center – Enfant-Jésus Hospital, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Stéphane Bolduc
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC Canada ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Division of Regenerative Medicine, Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, CHU de Québec Research Center – Enfant-Jésus Hospital, Québec, QC Canada
| | - François Gros-Louis
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC Canada ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Division of Regenerative Medicine, Laval University Experimental Organogenesis Research Center/LOEX, CHU de Québec Research Center – Enfant-Jésus Hospital, Québec, QC Canada
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10
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Choreño-Parra JA, Cervantes-Rosete D, Jiménez-Alvarez LA, Ramírez-Martínez G, Márquez-García JE, Cruz-Lagunas A, Magaña-Sanchez AY, Lima G, López-Maldonado H, Gaytán-Guzmán E, Caballero A, Fernández-Plata R, Furuzawa-Carballeda J, Mendoza-Milla C, Navarro-González MDC, Llorente L, Zuniga J, Rodriguez-Reyna TS. Dendritic cells drive profibrotic inflammation and aberrant T cell polarization in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 62:1687-1698. [PMID: 36063053 PMCID: PMC10070068 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a devastating autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis and obliterative vasculopathy affecting the skin and visceral organs. While the processes mediating excessive extracellular matrix (EM) deposition and fibroblast proliferation are clear, the exact link between autoimmunity and fibrosis remains elusive. Th17 cells have been proposed as critical drivers of profibrotic inflammation during SSc, but little is known about the immune components supporting their pathogenic role. METHODS Dendritic cells (DCs) activate and shape T cell differentiation by producing polarizing cytokines. Hence, we investigated the cytokine responses of monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs) from patients with limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc), diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc), and healthy controls (HC) after stimulation with toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. Also, using co-culture assays, we analyzed T cell subpopulations after contact with autologous TLR-activated Mo-DCs. RESULTS In general, we observed an increased production of Th17 related cytokines like IL-1β, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22 by SSc compared with HC Mo-DCs, with variations between lcSSc vs. dcSSc and early- vs. late-stage subgroups. Noticeably, we found a significant increment in IL-33 production by Mo-DCs in all SSc cases regardless of their clinical phenotype. Strikingly, T cells displayed Th2, Th17, and dual Th2/Th17 phenotypes after exposure to autologous TLR-stimulated Mo-DCs from SSc patients but not HC. These changes were pronounced in individuals with early-stage dcSSc and less significant in the late-stage lcSSc subgroup. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that functional alterations of DCs subsidize the immune mechanisms favoring the aberrant T cell polarization and profibrotic inflammation behind the clinical SSc heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Alberto Choreño-Parra
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calz. De Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI., Tlalpan, 14080. Mexico City, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., México, 64849
| | - Diana Cervantes-Rosete
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga, 15. Col. Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI. Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Armando Jiménez-Alvarez
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calz. De Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI., Tlalpan, 14080. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Ramírez-Martínez
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calz. De Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI., Tlalpan, 14080. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose Eduardo Márquez-García
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calz. De Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI., Tlalpan, 14080. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Lagunas
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calz. De Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI., Tlalpan, 14080. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Yelli Magaña-Sanchez
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco, de Quiroga, 15. Col. Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI. Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Lima
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco, de Quiroga, 15. Col. Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI. Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Humberto López-Maldonado
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco, de Quiroga, 15. Col. Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI. Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Emanuel Gaytán-Guzmán
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco, de Quiroga, 15. Col. Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI. Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adrian Caballero
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco, de Quiroga, 15. Col. Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI. Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosario Fernández-Plata
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calz. De Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI., Tlalpan, 14080. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Janette Furuzawa-Carballeda
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco, de Quiroga, 15. Col. Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI. Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Criselda Mendoza-Milla
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calz. De Tlalpan, 4502, Col. Sección XVI. Tlalpan, 14080. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Del Carmen Navarro-González
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Reumáticas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calz. De Tlalpan, 4502, Col. Sección XVI. Tlalpan, 14080, . Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Llorente
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., México, 64849
| | - Joaquin Zuniga
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calz. De Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI., Tlalpan, 14080. Mexico City, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., México, 64849
| | - Tatiana Sofia Rodriguez-Reyna
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco, de Quiroga, 15. Col. Belisario Dominguez Sección XVI. Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
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11
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Long-Term Infection and Pathogenesis in a Novel Mouse Model of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081740. [PMID: 36016362 PMCID: PMC9415064 DOI: 10.3390/v14081740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive efforts have been made to develop models of hRSV infection or disease using various animals. However, the limitations such as semi-permissiveness and short duration of infection have impeded their applications in both the pathogenesis of hRSV and therapeutics development. Here, we present a mouse model based on a Rag2 gene knockout using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Rag2−/− mice sustained high viral loads upon intranasal inoculation with hRSV. The average peak titer rapidly reached 1 × 109.8 copies/g and 1c106 TCID50 in nasal cavity, as well as 1 × 108 copies/g and 1 × 105 TCID50 in the lungs up to 5 weeks. Mild interstitial pneumonia, severe bronchopneumonia, elevated cytokines and NK cells were seen in Rag2−/− mice. A humanized monoclonal antibody showed strong antiviral activity in this animal model, implying that Rag2−/− mice that support long-term stable infection are a useful tool for studying the transmission and pathogenesis of human RSV, as well as evaluating therapeutics.
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12
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The Immunogenetics of Systemic Sclerosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1367:259-298. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92616-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Morikawa S, Nasu M, Miyashita Y, Nakagawa T. Treatment of calcium channel blocker-induced gingival overgrowth without modifying medication. Drug Ther Bull 2021; 60:44-47. [PMID: 34911794 DOI: 10.1136/dtb.2021.238872rep] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Morikawa
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mana Nasu
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Miyashita
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taneaki Nakagawa
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Küçük MF, Yaprak L, Erol MK, Ayan A, Kök M. Evaluations of the radial peripapillary, macular and choriocapillaris microvasculature using optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with systemic sclerosis. J Fr Ophtalmol 2021; 45:81-92. [PMID: 34895760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the macular microvascular (MMV) architecture, radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) network and choriocapillaris using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) without systemic comorbidities. METHODS The vessel densities (VDs) of the MMV, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters, choriocapillaris flow areas (CCFAs), RPC VDs, and optic nerve head (ONH) parameters were measured by OCT-A. Retinal thickness and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) were measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The SD-OCT and OCT-A measurements of 53 eyes of 30 SSc patients were compared with 61 eyes of 33 healthy controls. RESULTS In the MMV analysis, a decrease in the VDs of the superficial capillary plexus and an increase in the FAZ area, FAZ perimeter and non-flow area were detected in the SSc group compared to the controls (P=0.007, P=0.001, P=0.029, P=0.018, and P=0.039, respectively). While there was a decrease in SFCT, no change was found in CCFA (P=0.001 and P=0.902, respectively). The RPC analysis revealed a decrease in the VDs of all vessels for the entire area and the intradisc area, as well as the VDs of the small vessels for the intradisc area (P=0.021, P=0.001, and P=0.003, respectively). In the ONH analysis, there was an increase in the C/D area ratios and cup volumes, and a decrease in the rim areas and nasal quadrant retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (P=0.004, P=0.004, P=0.013, and P=0.032, respectively). CONCLUSION Decreases in RPC and MMV VDs and changes in ONH parameters were found in OCT-A measurements in patients with SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Küçük
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya-Alaaddin-Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey; Department of Ophthalmology, Health Sciences University, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - L Yaprak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Health Sciences University, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - M K Erol
- Department of Ophthalmology, Health Sciences University, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - A Ayan
- Department of Rheumatology, Health Sciences University, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - M Kök
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences University, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
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15
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Barayan D, Abdullahi A, Vinaik R, Knuth CM, Auger C, Jeschke MG. Interleukin-6 blockade, a potential adjunct therapy for post-burn hypermetabolism. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21596. [PMID: 33871073 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100388r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Severe burns remain a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Despite advances in patient care, the excessive and uncontrolled hypermetabolic stress response induced by this trauma inevitably affects every organ system causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Recent evidence suggests interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a major culprit underlying post-burn hypermetabolism. Indeed, genetic deletion of IL-6 alleviates various complications associated with poor clinical outcomes including the adverse remodeling of adipose tissue, cachexia and hepatic steatosis. Thus, pharmacological blockade of IL-6 may be a more favorable treatment option to fully restore metabolic function after injury. To test this, we investigated the safety and effectiveness of blocking IL-6 for post-burn hypermetabolism using a validated anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in our experimental murine model. Here, we show daily anti-IL-6 mAb administration protects against burn-induced weight loss (P < .0001) without any adverse effect on mortality. At the organ level, post-burn treatment with the IL-6 blocker suppressed the thermogenic activation of adipose tissue (P < .01) and its associated wasting (P < .05). The reduction of browning-induced lipolysis (P < .0001) indirectly decreased hepatic lipotoxicity (P < .01) which improved liver dysfunction (P < .05). Importantly, the beneficial effects of this anti-IL-6 agent extended to the skin, reflected by the decrease in excessive collagen deposition (P < .001) and genes involved in pathologic fibrosis and scarring (P < .05). Together, our results indicate that post-burn IL-6 blockade leads to significant improvements in systemic hypermetabolism by inhibiting pathological alterations in key immunometabolic organs. These findings support the therapeutic potential of anti-IL-6 interventions to improve care, quality of life, and survival in burned patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roohi Vinaik
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Marc G Jeschke
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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16
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Bajkovec L, Mrzljak A, Likic R, Alajbeg I. Drug-induced gingival overgrowth in cardiovascular patients. World J Cardiol 2021; 13:68-75. [PMID: 33968305 PMCID: PMC8069521 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v13.i4.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) is a pathological growth of gingival tissue, primarily associated with calcium channel blockers and immunosuppressants. Consequently, it is mainly seen in cardiovascular and transplanted patients. Nifedipine remains the main calcium channel blocker related to the development of this unpleasant side-effect. As for immunosuppressants, cyclosporin is the leading causative agent, whereas other drugs from this drug-group, including tacrolimus, have better safety profiles. Accumulated collagen with inflammatory infiltrates is the histological hallmark of this condition. Several factors are involved in the pathogenesis and can increase the risk, such as male gender, younger age, pre-existing periodontal inflammation, and concomitant use of other DIGO-inducing medications. Patients with DIGO may experience severe discomfort, trouble with speech and mastication, pain, and teeth loss, aside from cosmetic implications. Furthermore, these patients also have an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. The interdisciplinary approach and cooperation with dental care experts are necessary for patient management. Treatment includes discontinuing the drug and switching to one with a better profile, improving oral hygiene, and surgical removal of enlarged tissue. Recognizing the potential of commonly used medications to cause DIGO and its effect on patients' health is necessary for early detection and adequate management of this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Bajkovec
- Institute of Emergency Medicine of Medimurje County, Institute of Emergency Medicine of Međimurje County, Cakovec 40000, Croatia
| | - Anna Mrzljak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Robert Likic
- Unit for Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsDepartment of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ivan Alajbeg
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine and University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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17
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Mehatre SH, Roy IM, Biswas A, Prit D, Schouteden S, Huelsken J, Verfaillie CM, Khurana S. Niche-Mediated Integrin Signaling Supports Steady-State Hematopoiesis in the Spleen. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1549-1560. [PMID: 33637617 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Outside-in integrin signaling regulates cell fate decisions in a variety of cell types, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Our earlier published studies showed that interruption of periostin (POSTN) and integrin-αv (ITGAV) interaction induces faster proliferation in HSCs with developmental stage-dependent functional effects. In this study, we examined the role of POSTN-ITGAV axis in lymphohematopoietic activity in spleen that hosts a rare population of HSCs, the functional regulation of which is not clearly known. Vav-iCre-mediated deletion of Itgav in the hematopoietic system led to higher proliferation rates, resulting in increased frequency of primitive HSCs in the adult spleen. However, in vitro CFU-C assays demonstrated a poorer differentiation potential following Itgav deletion. This also led to a decrease in the white pulp area with a significant decline in the B cell numbers. Systemic deletion of its ligand, POSTN, phenocopied the effects noted in Vav-Itgav-/- mice. Histological examination of Postn-deficient spleen also showed an increase in the spleen trabecular areas. Importantly, these are the myofibroblasts of the trabecular and capsular areas that expressed high levels of POSTN within the spleen tissue. In addition, vascular smooth muscle cells also expressed POSTN. Through CFU-S12 assays, we showed that hematopoietic support potential of stroma in Postn-deficient splenic hematopoietic niche was defective. Overall, we demonstrate that POSTN-ITGAV interaction plays an important role in spleen lymphohematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Haribhau Mehatre
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Irene Mariam Roy
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Atreyi Biswas
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Devila Prit
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Sarah Schouteden
- Interdepartmental Stem Cell Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Joerg Huelsken
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine M Verfaillie
- Interdepartmental Stem Cell Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Satish Khurana
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India;
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18
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Ma H, Wang J, Zhao X, Wu T, Huang Z, Chen D, Liu Y, Ouyang G. Periostin Promotes Colorectal Tumorigenesis through Integrin-FAK-Src Pathway-Mediated YAP/TAZ Activation. Cell Rep 2021; 30:793-806.e6. [PMID: 31968254 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Periostin is a multifunctional extracellular matrix protein involved in various inflammatory diseases and tumor metastasis; however, evidence regarding whether and how periostin actively contributes to inflammation-associated tumorigenesis remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that periostin deficiency significantly inhibits the occurrence of colorectal cancer in azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice and in ApcMin/+ mice. Moreover, periostin deficiency attenuates the severity of colitis and reduces the proliferation of tumor cells. Mechanistically, stromal fibroblast-derived periostin activates FAK-Src kinases through integrin-mediated outside-in signaling, which results in the activation of YAP/TAZ and, subsequently, IL-6 expression in tumor cells. Conversely, IL-6 induces periostin expression in fibroblasts by activating STAT3, which ultimately facilitates colorectal tumor development. These findings provide the evidence that periostin promotes colorectal tumorigenesis, and identify periostin- and IL-6-mediated tumor-stroma interaction as a promising target for treating colitis-associated colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xueli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhengjie Huang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Dafan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yingfu Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Gaoliang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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19
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Kim SN, Lee CJ, Nam J, Choi B, Chung E, Song SU. The Effects of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioned Media Produced with Fetal Bovine Serum or Human Platelet Lysate on Skin Rejuvenation Characteristics. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 14:94-102. [PMID: 33377452 PMCID: PMC7904527 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Human mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) is produced using mesenchymal stem cell culture technology and has various benefits for the skin, including wrinkle removal, skin regeneration, and increased antioxidant activity. Its popularity is thus increasing in the field of functional cosmetics. Methods and Results In this study, we analyzed the effects of fetal bovine serum-supplemented MSC-CM (FBS- MSC-CM) and human platelet lysate-supplemented MSC-CM (hPL-MSC-CM) on skin rejuvenation characteristics. We found that the concentrations of important growth factors (VEGF, TGF-β1, and HGF) and secretory proteins for skin regeneration were significantly higher in hPL-MSC-CM than in FBS-MSC-CM. Furthermore, the capacity for inducing proliferation of human dermal fibroblast (HDF) and keratinocytes, the migration ability of HDF, extracellular matrix (ECM) production such as collagen and elastin was higher in hPL-MSC-CM than that in FBS- MSC-CM. Conclusions These results support the usefulness and high economic value of hPL-MSC-CM as an alternative source of FBS-MSC-CM in the cosmetic industry for skin rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Na Kim
- Research Institute, SCM Lifesciences Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Chan-Ju Lee
- Research Institute, SCM Lifesciences Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - JeeHoon Nam
- Research Institute, SCM Lifesciences Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Byeol Choi
- Research Institute, SCM Lifesciences Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Eunkyung Chung
- Research Institute, SCM Lifesciences Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea
| | - Sun Uk Song
- Research Institute, SCM Lifesciences Co. Ltd., Incheon, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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20
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Engel P, Ranieri M, Felthaus O, Geis S, Haubner F, Aung T, Seyfried T, Prantl L, Pawlik MT. Effect of HBO therapy on adipose-derived stem cells, fibroblasts and co-cultures: In vitro study of oxidative stress, angiogenic potential and production of pro-inflammatory growth factors in co-cultures1. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2021; 76:459-471. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-209222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A key moderator of wound healing is oxygen. Wound healing is a dynamic and carefully orchestrated process involving blood cells, cytokines, parenchymal cells (i.e. fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells) and extracellular matrix reorganization. Human adipose derived stem cells as well as human fibroblasts produce soluble factors, exhibit diverse effects on inflammation and anti inflammation response and are involved in wound healing processes. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is an effective adjunct treatment for ischemic disorders such as chronic infection or chronic wounds. In vitro effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on human cells were presented in many studies except for those on mono- and co-cultures of human adipose derived stem cells and fibroblasts. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on mono- and co-cultures of human adipose derived stem cells and fibroblasts. METHODS: Mono- and co-cultures from human adipose derived stem cells and fibroblasts were established. These cultures were exposed to hyperbaric oxygen therapy every 24 h for five consecutive days. Measuring experiments were performed on the first, third and fifth day. Therapy effects on the expression of VEGF, IL 6 and reactive oxygen species were investigated. RESULTS: After exposure to hyperbaric oxygen, cell culturess showed a significant increase in the expression of VEGF after 3 and 5 days. All cultures showed significantly reduced formation of reactive oxygen species throughout the experiments. The expression of IL-6 decreased during the experiment in mono-cultures of human adipose derived stem cells and co-cultures. In contrast, mono-cultures of human skin fibroblasts showed an overall significantly increased expression of IL-6. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy leads to immunmodulatory and proangiogenetic effects in a wound-like enviroment of adipose derived stem cells and fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Engel
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M. Ranieri
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - O. Felthaus
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S. Geis
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - F. Haubner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - T. Aung
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - T. Seyfried
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - L. Prantl
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - MT. Pawlik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Josef Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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21
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Morikawa S, Nasu M, Miyashita Y, Nakagawa T. Treatment of calcium channel blocker-induced gingival overgrowth without modifying medication. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/1/e238872. [PMID: 33431541 PMCID: PMC7802645 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-238872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingival overgrowth is a common side effect of calcium channel blockers used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. While controversial, management includes discontinuing the calcium channel blocker. We report the case of a 66-year-old Japanese man with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus who was diagnosed with severe periodontitis covering almost all the teeth. The patient had been on nifedipine (40 mg/day) and amlodipine (10 mg/day) medication for 5 years. With his physician's consent, nifedipine was discontinued during his treatment for periodontitis, which consisted of oral hygiene instructions and scaling and root planing on all areas. Gingivectomy was performed on the areas of hard fibrous swelling. Nifedipine was resumed during periodontal treatment when the patient's hypertension worsened. His periodontal scores improved when he resumed treatment. We report that significant improvement in gingival overgrowth can occur with basic periodontal treatment, surgery and sustained intensive follow-up without adjusting calcium channel blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Morikawa
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mana Nasu
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Miyashita
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taneaki Nakagawa
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Kapoor ND, Twining PK, Groot OQ, Pielkenrood BJ, Bongers MER, Newman ET, Verlaan JJ, Schwab JH. Adipose tissue density on CT as a prognostic factor in patients with cancer: a systematic review. Acta Oncol 2020; 59:1488-1495. [PMID: 32730106 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2020.1800087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predicting oncologic outcomes is essential for optimizing the treatment for patients with cancer. This review examines the feasibility of using Computed Tomography (CT) images of fat density as a prognostic factor in patients with cancer. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane up to March 2020. All studies that mentioned using subcutaneous or visceral adipose tissue (SAT and VAT, respectively) CT characteristics as a prognostic factor for patients with cancer were included. The primary endpoints were any disease-related outcomes in patients with cancer. RESULTS After screening 1043 studies, ten studies reporting a total of 23 - ten for SAT and thirteen for VAT - comparisons on survival, tumor recurrence and postsurgical infection were included. All ten studies included different types of malignancy: six localized, two metastatic disease, and two both. Five different anatomic landmarks were used to uniformly measure fat density on CT: lumbar (L)4 (n = 4), L3 (n = 2), L4-L5 intervertebral space (n = 2), L5-S1 intervertebral space (n = 1), and the abdomen (n = 1). Overall, six of ten SAT comparisons (60%) and six of thirteen VAT comparisons (46%) reported a significant (p < .05) association of increased SAT or VAT density with an adverse outcome. All remaining nonsignificant comparisons, except one, deviated in the same direction of being predictive for adverse outcomes but failed to reach significance. The median hazard ratio (HR) for the nine SAT and thirteen VAT associations where HRs were given were 1.45 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.97) and 1.90 (95% CI 1.12-2.74), respectively. The binomial sign test and Fisher's method both reported a significant association between both SAT and VAT and adverse outcomes. CONCLUSION This review may support the feasibility of using SAT or VAT on CT as a prognostic tool for patients with cancer in predicting adverse outcomes such as survival and tumor recurrence. Future research should standardize radiologic protocol in prospective homogeneous series of patients on each cancer diagnosis group in order to establish accurate parameters to help physicians use CT scan defined characteristics in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. D. Kapoor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital – Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P. K. Twining
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital – Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - O. Q. Groot
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital – Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B. J. Pielkenrood
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M. E. R. Bongers
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital – Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E. T. Newman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital – Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J. J. Verlaan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. H. Schwab
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital – Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Malik M, Britten J, DeAngelis A, Catherino WH. Cross-talk between Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway and transforming growth factor beta pathways and increased collagen1A1 production in uterine leiomyoma cells. F&S SCIENCE 2020; 1:206-220. [PMID: 35559929 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the potential interaction between interleukin-6 (IL6), Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 (JAK/STAT3) pathway, and Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-3 , and to determine whether such cross-talk was a contributing factor in the dysregulation of type I collagen production in leiomyomas. DESIGN Laboratory study. SETTING University research laboratory. PATIENTS None. INTERVENTIONS Exposure of leiomyoma and myometrial cell lines to IL6 and STAT3 activators/inhibitors. Western immunoblot analysis and immunohistochemistry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Expression of STAT3, pSTAT3, SOCS3, COL1A1, and TGFb3. RESULTS We observed that IL6 increased pSTAT3 as well as collagen1A1 in uterine leiomyoma cells. Direct activation of the JAK/STAT3 pathway increased collagen1A1 production in leiomyoma cells, whereas inhibition of the pathway significantly decreased collagen1A1 production. We further observed that modulation of the JAK/STAT3 pathway also increased the expression of TGFβ3 protein. Leiomyoma cells exposed to TGFβ3 demonstrated a significant decrease in pSTAT3 protein. Myometrial cells demonstrated a less sensitive response to STAT3 modulation and collagen production. CONCLUSION Cross-talk between the TGFβ pathway and JAK/STAT3 pathway contributes to the fibrotic nature of uterine leiomyomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minnie Malik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joy Britten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anthony DeAngelis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Program in Reproductive Endocrinology and Gynecology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William H Catherino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; Program in Reproductive Endocrinology and Gynecology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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24
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Yi JS, Perla S, Enyenihi L, Bennett AM. Tyrosyl phosphorylation of PZR promotes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in PTPN11-associated Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137753. [PMID: 32584792 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (NSML) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that presents with cardio-cutaneous-craniofacial defects. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) represents the major life-threatening presentation in NSML. Mutations in the PTPN11 gene that encodes for the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), SHP2, represents the predominant cause of HCM in NSML. NSML-associated PTPN11 mutations render SHP2 catalytically inactive with an "open" conformation. NSML-associated PTPN11 mutations cause hypertyrosyl phosphorylation of the transmembrane glycoprotein, protein zero-related (PZR), resulting in increased SHP2 binding. Here we show that NSML mice harboring a tyrosyl phosphorylation-defective mutant of PZR (NSML/PZRY242F) that is defective for SHP2 binding fail to develop HCM. Enhanced AKT/S6 kinase signaling in heart lysates of NSML mice was reversed in NSML/PZRY242F mice, demonstrating that PZR/SHP2 interactions promote aberrant AKT/S6 kinase activity in NSML. Enhanced PZR tyrosyl phosphorylation in the hearts of NSML mice was found to drive myocardial fibrosis by engaging an Src/NF-κB pathway, resulting in increased activation of IL-6. Increased expression of IL-6 in the hearts of NSML mice was reversed in NSML/PZRY242F mice, and PZRY242F mutant fibroblasts were defective for IL-6 secretion and STAT3-mediated fibrogenesis. These results demonstrate that NSML-associated PTPN11 mutations that induce PZR hypertyrosyl phosphorylation trigger pathophysiological signaling that promotes HCM and cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sravan Perla
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Liz Enyenihi
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anton M Bennett
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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25
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CXCL4 triggers monocytes and macrophages to produce PDGF-BB, culminating in fibroblast activation: Implications for systemic sclerosis. J Autoimmun 2020; 111:102444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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26
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Sabater-Abad J, Matellanes-Palacios M, Bou-Boluda L, Navarro-Conde P, Sabater-Marco V, Quecedo-Estébanez E. Multiple lesions of cutaneous focal mucinosis in a patient receiving treatment with tocilizumab: Coincidence or causality? Australas J Dermatol 2020; 61:e456-e458. [PMID: 32578206 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laia Bou-Boluda
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain
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27
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Transcriptional Analysis Reveals Key Genes in the Pathogenesis of Nifedipine-Induced Gingival Overgrowth. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2020; 2020:6128341. [PMID: 32455102 PMCID: PMC7242917 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6128341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth (NGO) is a multifactorial pathogenesis with increased extracellular matrix including collagen and glycans, inflammatory cytokines, and phenotype changes of fibroblasts. However, the molecular etiology of NGO is not well understood. The objective of this study is to investigate the key genes in the pathogenesis of NGO. Methods In this study, we examined the proliferation and migration abilities of fibroblasts derived from patients with chronic periodontitis, nifedipine nonresponder gingival overgrowth, gingival overgrowth caused by nifedipine, and healthy normal gingiva. We conducted RNA-Seq on these four groups of fibroblasts and analysed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Results Fibroblasts derived from NGO patients had higher proliferation and migration abilities than those of the other groups. Protein-protein interaction network analysis indicated that TGFB2, ITGA8, ITGA11, FGF5, PLA2G4D, PLA2G2F, PTGS1, CSF1, LPAR1, CCL3, and NKX3-1 are involved in the development of NGO. These factors are related to the arachidonic acid metabolism and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Conclusion Transcriptional gene expression analysis identified a number of DEGs that might be functionally related to gingival overgrowth induced by nifedipine. Our study provides important information on the molecular mechanism underlying nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth.
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28
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Ebrahimiyan H, Gharibdoost F, Aslani S, Kavosi H, Farsad F, Jamshidi A, Mahmoudi M. microRNAs are potentially regulating the survivin gene in PBMCs from systemic sclerosis patients. Mod Rheumatol 2019; 30:862-869. [PMID: 31441344 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2019.1659545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Survivin is an important anti-apoptotic protein and is involved in increasing auto-reactivity during the autoimmune diseases like systemic sclerosis (SSc).Aims: In the current study, we investigate the expression level of total survivin (survivin-TS) and its three important variants alongside with evaluation of the expression level of important microRNAs (miRNAs) that are involved in survivin expression regulation.Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 50 healthy controls, 25 diffuse cutaneous SSc (DcSSc), and 25 limited cutaneous SSc (LcSSc) patients. RNA was extracted and single-strand cDNA was synthesized. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to evaluate the expression level of survivin-TS and its variants as well the miRNAs.Results: Overexpression of survivin-2B and downregulation of survivin wild-type (survivin-WT) were found in total-SSc patients; however, expression level of survivin-TS had no significant difference. The expression levels of miR-335-5p, miR-485-5p, miR-16-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-218-5p and miR-708-5p were higher in total-SSc patients. Significantly negative correlations were found between transcript levels of miR-150-5p, miR-16-5p, and miR-485-5p with survivin-TS mRNA expression.Conclusion: Survivin variants had altered expression in total-SSc patients. In addition, miRNAs might potentially and negatively regulate the survivin-TS expression. Altered expression of survivin, regulated by miRNAs, may result in apoptosis resistance and auto-reactivity in lymphocytes from patients and have important roles in SSc pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Ebrahimiyan
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Rheumatology Expert Group (REG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Gharibdoost
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Rheumatology Expert Group (REG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Kavosi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faraneh Farsad
- Department of Rheumatology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Jamshidi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Rheumatology Expert Group (REG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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29
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Esteban-Vives R, Ziembicki J, Sun Choi M, Thompson RL, Schmelzer E, Gerlach JC. Isolation and Characterization of a Human Fetal Mesenchymal Stem Cell Population: Exploring the Potential for Cell Banking in Wound Healing Therapies. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1404-1419. [PMID: 31407589 PMCID: PMC6802149 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718817524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Various cell-based therapies are in development to address chronic and acute skin wound
healing, for example for burns and trauma patients. An off-the-shelf source of allogeneic
dermal cells could be beneficial for innovative therapies accelerating the healing in
extensive wounds where the availability of a patient’s own cells is limited. Human
fetal-derived dermal fibroblasts (hFDFs) show high in vitro division rates, exhibit low
immunological rejection properties, and present scarless wound healing in the fetus, and
previous studies on human fetal tissue-derived cell therapies have shown promising results
on tissue repair. However, little is known about cell lineage stability and cell
differentiation during the cell expansion process, required for any potential therapeutic
use. We describe an isolation method, characterize a population, and investigate its
potential for cell banking and thus suitability as a potential product for cell grafting
therapies. Our results show hFDFs and a bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC)
line shared identification markers and in vitro multilineage differentiation potential
into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. The hFDF population exhibited
similar cell characteristics as BM-MSCs while producing lower pro-inflammatory cytokine
IL-6 levels and higher levels of the wound healing factor hepatocyte growth factor. We
demonstrate in vitro differentiation of hFDFs, which may be a problem in maintaining
long-term lineage stability, potentially limiting their use for cell banking and therapy
development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Esteban-Vives
- Departments of Surgery and Bioengineering, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jenny Ziembicki
- The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Mercy Hospital Trauma and Burn Centers, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - R L Thompson
- Allegheny Reproductive Health Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eva Schmelzer
- Departments of Surgery and Bioengineering, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jörg C Gerlach
- Departments of Surgery and Bioengineering, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Fifty-Two-Week Results of Clinical and Imaging Assessments of a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis Complicated by Systemic Sclerosis with Interstitial Pneumonia and Type 1 Diabetes despite Multiple Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug Therapy That Was Successfully Treated with Baricitinib: A Novel Case Report. Case Rep Rheumatol 2019; 2019:5293981. [PMID: 31360575 PMCID: PMC6652034 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5293981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Baricitinib is a Janus kinase 1/2 (JAK1/2) inhibitor used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A 71-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis complicated by systemic sclerosis and type 1 diabetes that were resistant to multiple disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs started treatment with baricitinib. After baricitinib administration, the disease activity of her rheumatoid arthritis was attenuated from the early stage of treatment, and the effect was maintained for up to 52 weeks. In addition, the skin sclerosis in systemic sclerosis showed an improvement. Regarding the influence on type 1 diabetes, the required daily dose of insulin and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels decreased. To date, no studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of baricitinib on systemic sclerosis or type 1 diabetes. We report that baricitinib was effective for systemic sclerosis and type 1 diabetes, as well as for rheumatoid arthritis, for up to 52 weeks.
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31
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Szóstek-Mioduchowska AZ, Baclawska A, Okuda K, Skarzynski DJ. Effect of proinflammatory cytokines on endometrial collagen and metallopeptidase expression during the course of equine endometrosis. Cytokine 2019; 123:154767. [PMID: 31265984 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Equine endometrosis (endometrial fibrosis) is a degenerative chronic process that occurs in the uterus of the mare and disturbs proper endometrial function. Fibrosis is attributed to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The turnover of ECM is mediated by matrix metallopeptidases (MMP). Previously, it was shown that cytokines modulate MMP expression in other tissues and may regulate fibrosis indirectly by attracting inflammatory cells to the site of inflammation and directly on various tissues. However, the regulation of MMP expression in equine endometrosis is still relatively unknown. Thus, our aim was to determine if interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 regulate ECM, MMPs, or their inhibitors (TIMPs) and whether this regulation differs during endometrosis in the mare. Endometrial fibrosis was divided into four categories according to severity: I (no degenerative changes), IIA (mild degenerative changes), IIB (moderate degenerative changes) and III (severe degenerative changes) according to Kenney and Doig classification. Endometrial explants (n = 5 for category I, IIA, IIB and III according to Kenney and Doig) were incubated with IL-1β (10 ng/ml) or IL-6 (10 ng/ml) for 24 h. Secretion and mRNA transcription of collagen type 1 (Col1a1) and type 3 (Col3a1), fibronectin (Fn1), Mmp-1, -2, -3, -9, -13, Timp-1, -2 were analyzed by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. IL-1β treatment up-regulated secretion of COL1, MMP-2, TIMP1, and TIMP2 in category I endometrial fibrosis tissues (P < 0.05). IL-6 treatment up-regulated secretion of ECM, MMP-2, and MMP-3 and down-regulated secretion of MMP-9 in category I tissues (P < 0.05). In category IIA tissues, IL-1β and IL-6 treatment up-regulated secretion of COL3 (P < 0.05; P < 0.05), and IL-6 treatment also down-regulated secretion of MMP-9 (P < 0.05). In category IIB tissues, IL-1β treatment down-regulated secretion of COL3 (P < 0.05) and up-regulated secretion of MMP-3 (P < 0.01), while IL-6 treatment up-regulated secretion of MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 (P < 0.05). In category III tissues, IL-1β treatment up-regulated secretion of COL1, MMP-1, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 (P < 0.05), and IL-6 up-regulated secretion of all investigated ECM components, MMPs and TIMPs. These results reveal that the effect of IL-1β and IL-6 on equine endometrium differs depending on the severity of endometrial fibrosis. Our findings indicate an association between inflammation and development of endometrosis through the effect of IL-1β and IL-6 on expression of ECM components, MMPs, and TIMPs in the mare.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Z Szóstek-Mioduchowska
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - A Baclawska
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - K Okuda
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology Graduate School of Environmental and Science, Okayama University, 700-8530 Okayama, Japan; Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - D J Skarzynski
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
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Sun Z, Wang W, Yu D, Mao Y. Differentially expressed genes between systemic sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Hereditas 2019; 156:17. [PMID: 31178673 PMCID: PMC6549285 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-019-0091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence is accumulating to characterise the key differences between systemic sclerosis (SSc) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which are similar but distinct systemic autoimmune diseases. However, the differences at the genetic level are not yet clear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify key differential genes between patients with SSc and RA. Methods The Gene Expression Omnibus database was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between SSc and RA biopsies. The DEGs were then functionally annotated using Gene Ontology (GO) terms and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways with the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) tools. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed with Cytoscape software. The Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) plugin was also used to evaluate the biological importance of the constructed gene modules. Results A total of 13,556 DEGs were identified between the five SSc patients and seven RA patients, including 13,465 up-regulated genes and 91 down-regulated genes. Interestingly, the most significantly enriched GO terms of up- and down-regulated genes were related to extracellular involvement and immune activity, respectively, and the top six highly enriched KEGG pathways were related to the same processes. In the PPI network, the top 10 hub nodes and top four modules harboured the most relevant genes contributing to the differences between SSc and RA, including key genes such as IL6, EGF, JUN, FGF2, BMP2, FOS, BMP4, LRRK2, CTNNB1, EP300, CD79, and CXCL13. Conclusions These genes such as IL6, EGF, JUN, FGF2, BMP2, FOS, BMP4, LRRK2, CTNNB1, EP300, CD79, and CXCL13 can serve as new targets for focused research on the distinct molecular pathogenesis of SSc and RA. Furthermore, these genes could serve as potential biomarkers for differential diagnoses or therapeutic targets for treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41065-019-0091-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Sun
- 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Degang Yu
- 2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanqing Mao
- 2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Miranda JP, Camões SP, Gaspar MM, Rodrigues JS, Carvalheiro M, Bárcia RN, Cruz P, Cruz H, Simões S, Santos JM. The Secretome Derived From 3D-Cultured Umbilical Cord Tissue MSCs Counteracts Manifestations Typifying Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:18. [PMID: 30804924 PMCID: PMC6370626 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder whose treatment is mostly restricted to pain and symptom management and to the delay of joint destruction. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells from the umbilical cord tissue (UC-MSCs) have previously been proven to be immunomodulatory and more efficient than bone marrow-derived MSCs in causing remission of local and systemic arthritic manifestations in vivo. Given the paracrine nature of UC-MSC activity, their application as active substances can be replaced by their secretome, thus avoiding allogeneic rejection and safety issues related to unwanted grafting. In this work, we aimed at demonstrating the viability of applying the 3D-primed UC-MSC secretome for the amelioration of arthritic signs. A proteomic analysis was performed to both, media conditioned by UC-MSC monolayer (CM2D) and 3D cultures (CM3D). The analysis of relevant trophic factors confirmed secretome profiles with very significant differences in terms of therapeutic potential. Whereas, CM3D was characterised by a prevailing expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and LIF, along with trophic factors involved in different mechanisms leading to tissue regeneration, such as PDGF-BB, FGF-2, I-309, SCF, and GM-CSF; CM2D presented relatively higher levels of IL-6, MCP-1, and IL-21, with recognised pro-inflammatory roles in joint disease and pleiotropic effects in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Accordingly, different motogenic effects over mouse chondrocytes and distinct capacities of inducing glycosaminoglycan synthesis in vitro were observed between CM3D and CM2D. Finally, the evaluation of arthritic manifestations in vivo, using an adjuvant-induced model for arthritis (AIA), suggested a significantly higher therapeutic potential of CM3D over CM2D and even UC-MSCs. Histological analysis confirmed a faster remission of local and systemic arthritic manifestations of CM3D-treated animals. Overall, the results show that the use of UC-MSC CM3D is a viable and better strategy than direct UC-MSC administration for counteracting AIA-related signs. This strategy represents a novel MSC-based but nonetheless cell-free treatment for arthritic conditions such as those characterising RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana P Miranda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sérgio P Camões
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria M Gaspar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana S Rodrigues
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuela Carvalheiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Simões
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge M Santos
- ECBio S.A., Amadora, Portugal.,Centro de Estudos de Ciência Animal, Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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The Two-Faced Cytokine IL-6 in Host Defense and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113528. [PMID: 30423923 PMCID: PMC6274717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukein-6 (IL-6), is produced locally from infectious or injured lesions and is delivered to the whole body via the blood stream, promptly activating the host defense system to perform diverse functions. However, excessive or sustained production of IL-6 is involved in various diseases. In diseases, the IL-6 inhibitory strategy begins with the development of the anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, tocilizumab (TCZ). This antibody has shown remarkable effects on Castleman disease, rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. In 2017, TCZ was proven to work effectively against giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis and cytokine releasing syndrome, initiating a new era for the treatment of these diseases. In this study, the defensive functions of IL-6 and various pathological conditions are compared. Further, the diseases of which TCZ has been approved for treatment are summarized, the updated results of increasing off-label use of TCZ for various diseases are reviewed and the conditions for which IL-6 inhibition might have a beneficial role are discussed. Given the involvement of IL-6 in many pathologies, the diseases that can be improved by IL-6 inhibition will expand. However, the important role of IL-6 in host defense should always be kept in mind in clinical practice.
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Maria ATJ, Toupet K, Maumus M, Rozier P, Vozenin MC, Le Quellec A, Jorgensen C, Noël D, Guilpain P. Fibrosis Development in HOCl-Induced Systemic Sclerosis: A Multistage Process Hampered by Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2571. [PMID: 30455706 PMCID: PMC6230680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Skin fibrosis is the hallmark of systemic sclerosis (SSc) a rare intractable disease with unmet medical need. We previously reported the anti-fibrotic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a murine model of SSc. This model, based on daily intra-dermal injections of hypochlorite (HOCl) during 6 weeks, is an inducible model of the disease. Herein, we aimed at characterizing the development of skin fibrosis in HOCl-induced SSc (HOCl-SSc), and evaluating the impact of MSC infusion during the fibrogenesis process. Methods: After HOCl-SSc induction in BALB/c mice, clinical, histological and biological parameters were measured after 3 weeks (d21) and 6 weeks (d42) of HOCl challenge, and 3 weeks after HOCl discontinuation (d63). Treated-mice received infusions of 2.5 × 105 MSCs 3 weeks before sacrifice (d0, d21, d42). Results: HOCl injections induced a two-step process of fibrosis development: first, an ‘early inflammatory phase’, characterized at d21 by highly proliferative infiltrates of myofibroblasts, T-lymphocytes and macrophages. Second, a phase of ‘established matrix fibrosis’, characterized at d42 by less inflammation, but strong collagen deposition and followed by a third phase of ‘spontaneous tissue remodeling’ after HOCl discontinuation. This phase was characterized by partial fibrosis receding, due to enhanced MMP1/TIMP1 balance. MSC treatment reduced skin thickness in the three phases of fibrogenesis, exerting more specialized mechanisms: immunosuppression, abrogation of myofibroblast activation, or further enhancing tissue remodeling, depending on the injection time-point. Conclusion: HOCl-SSc mimics three fibrotic phenotypes of scleroderma, all positively impacted by MSC therapy, demonstrating the great plasticity of MSC, a promising cure for SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre T J Maria
- IRMB, Montpellier University, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Internal Medicine-Multi-Organic Diseases, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Karine Toupet
- IRMB, Montpellier University, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Maumus
- IRMB, Montpellier University, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Rozier
- IRMB, Montpellier University, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Internal Medicine-Multi-Organic Diseases, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Catherine Vozenin
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alain Le Quellec
- Department of Internal Medicine-Multi-Organic Diseases, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- IRMB, Montpellier University, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Lapeyronie Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Danièle Noël
- IRMB, Montpellier University, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Lapeyronie Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Guilpain
- IRMB, Montpellier University, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Internal Medicine-Multi-Organic Diseases, Saint-Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France
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Morelli Coppola M, Salzillo R, Segreto F, Persichetti P. Triamcinolone acetonide intralesional injection for the treatment of keloid scars: patient selection and perspectives. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2018; 11:387-396. [PMID: 30087573 PMCID: PMC6063260 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s133672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Keloids are pathological scars presenting as nodular lesions that extend beyond the area of injury. They do not spontaneously regress, often continuing to grow over time. The abnormal wound-healing process underlying keloid formation results from the lack of control mechanisms self-regulating cell proliferation and tissue repair. Keloids may lead to cosmetic disfigurement and functional impairment and affect the quality of life. Although several treatments were reported in the literature, no universally effective therapy was found to date. The most common approach is intralesional corticosteroid injection alone or in combination with other treatment modalities. Triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) is the most commonly used intralesional corticosteroid. The aim of this article was to review the use of TAC, alone or in combination, in the treatment of keloid scars. The response to corticosteroid injection alone is variable with 50-100% regression and a recurrence rate of 33% and 50% after 1 and 5 years, respectively. Compared to verapamil, TAC showed a faster and more effective response even though with a higher complication rate. TAC combined with verapamil was proved to be effective with statistically significant overall improvements of scars over time and long-term stable results. TAC and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) intralesional injections were found to achieve comparable outcomes when administered alone, although 5-FU was more frequently associated with side effects. Conversely, the combination of 5-FU and TAC was more effective and showed fewer undesirable effects compared to TAC or 5-FU alone. Several kinds of laser treatments were reported to address keloids; however, laser therapy alone was burdened with a high recurrence rate. Better results were described by combining CO2, pulsed-dye or Nd: YAG lasers with TAC intralesional injections. Further options such as needle-less intraepidermal drug delivery are being explored, but more studies are needed to establish safety, feasibility and effectiveness of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Morelli Coppola
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, "Campus Bio-Medico" University of Rome, Rome, Italy,
| | - Rosa Salzillo
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, "Campus Bio-Medico" University of Rome, Rome, Italy,
| | - Francesco Segreto
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, "Campus Bio-Medico" University of Rome, Rome, Italy,
| | - Paolo Persichetti
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, "Campus Bio-Medico" University of Rome, Rome, Italy,
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Park MJ, Moon SJ, Lee EJ, Jung KA, Kim EK, Kim DS, Lee JH, Kwok SK, Min JK, Park SH, Cho ML. IL-1-IL-17 Signaling Axis Contributes to Fibrosis and Inflammation in Two Different Murine Models of Systemic Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1611. [PMID: 30042768 PMCID: PMC6048384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a progressive fibrotic disease that affects the skin and internal organs. Despite evidence implicating increased interleukin-17 (IL-17) activity in SSc, the role of IL-17 in SSc remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether IL-17 plays a pathophysiological role in SSc in two different murine models of SSc. Methods Bleomycin (BLM)-induced fibrosis and chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) models were used. Histological analysis was performed using Masson's trichrome and immunohistochemical staining. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunoassays were used to quantify the messenger RNA and protein levels of inflammatory mediators in dermal fibroblasts. Results IL-1 receptor antagonist-deficient (IL-1Ra-KO) mice were more severely affected by BLM injection, as shown by dermal and pulmonary fibrosis, compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Increased tissue fibrosis was reversed by knocking down IL-17. In vitro experiments showed that IL-1 and IL-17 exerted synergistic effects on the expression of profibrotic and inflammatory mediators. In the cGVHD model, C57BL/6 mice receiving splenocytes of IL-1Ra-KO BALB/c mice developed more severe cGVHD than did those receiving cells from WT mice. Knockdown of IL-17 in IL-1Ra-KO donor mice significantly attenuated the IL-1-induced acceleration of cGVHD severity. Conclusion Targeting IL-1 and its downstream IL-17 activity may be a novel treatment strategy for inhibiting inflammation and tissue fibrosis in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Park
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Moon
- Divison of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Jung
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da-Som Kim
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kwok
- Divison of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-Ki Min
- Divison of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- Divison of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Comparison between Collagen and Lidocaine Intramuscular Injections in Terms of Their Efficiency in Decreasing Myofascial Pain within Masseter Muscles: A Randomized, Single-Blind Controlled Trial. Pain Res Manag 2018; 2018:8261090. [PMID: 29973970 PMCID: PMC6008702 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8261090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective A novel option for myofascial pain (MFP) management and muscle regeneration is intramuscular collagen injections. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of intramuscular injections of collagen and lidocaine in decreasing MFP within masseter muscles. Methods Myofascial pain within masseter muscles was diagnosed on the basis of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (II.1.A. 2 and 3). A total of 43 patients with diagnosed MFP within masseter muscles were enrolled to the study (17 male and 26 female, 40 ± 3.8 years old) and randomly divided into three groups. The first group received injections using 2 ml of collagen MD Muscle (Guna), the second group received 2 ml of 2% lidocaine without a vasoconstrictor, and the third group 2 ml of saline as a control (0.9% NaCl). All patients received repeated injections at one-week intervals (days 0 and 7). The visual analogue scale was used to determine pain intensity changes during each follow-up visit (days 0, 7, and 14) in each group. The masseter muscle activity was measured on each visit (days 0, 7, and 14) with surface electromyography (sEMG) (Neurobit Optima 4, Neurobit Systems). Results We found that sEMG masseter muscle activity was significantly decreased in Group I (59.2%), less in Group II (39.3%), and least in Group III (14%). Pain intensity reduction was 53.75% in Group I, 25% in Group II, and 20.1% in Group III. Conclusions The study confirmed that intramuscular injection of collagen is a more efficient method for reducing myofascial pain within masseter muscles than intramuscular injection of lidocaine.
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Schett G. Physiological effects of modulating the interleukin-6 axis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 57:ii43-ii50. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Bosello S, Basile U, De Lorenzis E, Gulli F, Canestrari G, Napodano C, Parisi F, Pocino K, Di Mario C, Tolusso B, Ferraccioli G, Gremese E. Free light chains of immunoglobulins in patients with systemic sclerosis: correlations with lung involvement and inflammatory milieu. J Clin Pathol 2018; 71:620-625. [PMID: 29447111 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Humoral immunity and B cells are thought to play an important role in the pathophysiology of the systemic sclerosis (SSc). The production of free light chains (FLC) of immunoglobulins is abnormally high in several pathological autoimmune conditions and reflects B cell activation. Furthermore, FLCs demonstrated different biological activities including their capability to modulate the immune system, proteolytic activity and complement cascade activation. The aims of this study are to determine the FLC levels in patients with SSc compared with healthy controls (HC) and to study their possible association with organ involvement and disease characteristics. METHODS Sixty-five patients with SSc and 20 HC were studied. Clinical and immunological inflammatory characteristics were assessed for all the patients with SSc. κ-FLC and λ-FLC, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and B cell activating factor levels were measured. RESULTS The mean serum κ-FLC levels and FLC ratio were significantly higher in patients with SSc compared with HC, while the serum λ-FLC levels were comparable.The levels of FLC were comparable in patients with diffuse skin disease and limited skin involvement, while κ-FLC levels were increased in patients with restrictive lung (forced vital capacity (FVC) <80%) disease (26.4±7.4 mg/L) when compared with patients with FVC ≥80% (19.6±7.3 mg/L, P=0.009). In patients with SSc, the levels of serum κ-FLC level directly correlated with the IL-6 levels (R=0.3, P=0.001) and disease activity (R=0.4, P=0.003). CONCLUSIONS FLC levels are elevated in SSc and high levels are associated with lung involvement and with a higher degree of inflammation, supporting a possible role of B cell activation in the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bosello
- Institute of Rheumatology and Affine Sciences, Department of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Basile
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico De Lorenzis
- Institute of Rheumatology and Affine Sciences, Department of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gulli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Canestrari
- Institute of Rheumatology and Affine Sciences, Department of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Napodano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Parisi
- Institute of Rheumatology and Affine Sciences, Department of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Krizia Pocino
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Di Mario
- Institute of Rheumatology and Affine Sciences, Department of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Tolusso
- Institute of Rheumatology and Affine Sciences, Department of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Ferraccioli
- Institute of Rheumatology and Affine Sciences, Department of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Gremese
- Institute of Rheumatology and Affine Sciences, Department of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, School of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Yoshizaki A. Pathogenic roles of B lymphocytes in systemic sclerosis. Immunol Lett 2018; 195:76-82. [PMID: 29307688 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a collagen disease characterized by autoimmunity and excessive extracellular matrix deposition in the skin and visceral organs. Although the pathogenic relationship between systemic autoimmunity and the clinical manifestations of SSc remains unknown, SSc patients show a variety of abnormal immune activation including the production of disease-specific autoantibodies and cytokine production. Many recent studies have demonstrated that immune cells, including T cells, B cells, and macrophages, have a variety of immunological abnormalities in SSc. So far, several groups and our group reported that B cells play a critical role in systemic autoimmunity and disease expression through various functions, such as cytokine production, lymphoid organogenesis, and induction of other immune cell activation in addition to autoantibody production. Recent studies show that B cells from SSc patients demonstrate an up-regulated CD19 expression, a crucial regulator of B cell activation, which induces chronic hyper-reactivity of memory B cells and SSc-specific autoantibody production and also causes fibrosis of several organs. Furthermore, in SSc-model mice, such as tight-skin mice, bleomycin-induced SSc model mice, and DNA topoisomerase I and complete Freund's adjuvant-induced SSc model mice, have abnormal B cell activation which associates with skin and lung fibrosis. Indeed, B cell depletion therapy using anti-CD20 Ab, Rituximab, is considered to one potential beneficial treatment for patients with SSc. However, there is no direct evidence which can explain how B cells, especially autoantigen-reactive B cells, progress or regulate disease manifestations of SSc. Collectively, B cell abnormalities in SSc is most likely participating in fibrosis and tissue damage of SSc. If the relationship between SSc-specific tissue damage and B cell abnormalities is revealed, these findings lead to novel effective therapy for SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Yoshizaki
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8655, Japan.
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42
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Ebrahimiyan H, Aslani S, Rezaei N, Jamshidi A, Mahmoudi M. Survivin and autoimmunity; the ins and outs. Immunol Lett 2018; 193:14-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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A shift in the IL-6/STAT3 signalling pathway imbalance towards the SHP2 pathway in severe asthma results in reduced proliferation process. Cell Signal 2017; 43:47-54. [PMID: 29242170 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial fibroblasts are the main structural cells responsible for extracellular matrix production and turnover in lung tissue. They play a key role in airway remodelling in asthma through different cytokines including interleukin (IL-6). OBJECTIVE To decipher IL-6 signalling in bronchial fibroblasts obtained from severe eosinophilic asthmatics compared to mild asthmatics and healthy controls. METHODS Human bronchial fibroblasts were isolated from bronchial biopsies of mild and severe eosinophilic asthmatics and non-atopic healthy controls. IL-6 was assessed by qRT-PCR and ELISA. Phosphorylated STAT3, SHP2 and p38/MAPK were evaluated by Western blot. Chemical inhibitors for SHP2 and p38 were used. Fibroblast proliferation was evaluated by BrdU incorporation test. RESULTS IL-6 release was significantly increased in fibroblasts from mild and severe asthmatics compared to healthy controls. Fibroblasts from severe asthmatics showed a reduced STAT3 activation compared to mild asthmatics and healthy controls. Constitutive activation of phosphatase SHP2 was found to negatively regulate IL-6 induced STAT3 phosphorylation in fibroblasts from severe asthmatics. This effect was accompanied by a decrease in fibroblast proliferation rate due to the activated p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase. SHP2 and p38/MAPK specific inhibitors (PHPS1 and SB212190) significantly induce a restoration of STAT3 phosphorylation, IL-6 target gene expression and cell proliferation. CONCLUSION These data show dysregulated IL-6 signalling in bronchial fibroblasts derived from severe eosinophilic asthmatic subjects involving the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 and p38MAPK. Collectively, our data provides new insights into the mechanisms by which bronchial fibroblasts regulate airway remodelling in severe asthma.
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Dolivo DM, Larson SA, Dominko T. Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 as an Antifibrotic: Antagonism of Myofibroblast Differentiation and Suppression of Pro-Fibrotic Gene Expression. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 38:49-58. [PMID: 28967471 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological condition that is characterized by the replacement of dead or damaged tissue with a nonfunctional, mechanically aberrant scar, and fibrotic pathologies account for nearly half of all deaths worldwide. The causes of fibrosis differ somewhat from tissue to tissue and pathology to pathology, but in general some of the cellular and molecular mechanisms remain constant regardless of the specific pathology in question. One of the common mechanisms underlying fibroses is the paradigm of the activated fibroblast, termed the "myofibroblast," a differentiated mesenchymal cell with demonstrated contractile activity and a high rate of collagen deposition. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), one of the members of the mammalian fibroblast growth factor family, is a cytokine with demonstrated antifibrotic activity in non-human animal, human, and in vitro models. FGF2 is highly pleiotropic and its receptors are present on many different cell types throughout the body, lending a great deal of variety to the potential mechanisms of FGF2 effects on fibrosis. However, recent reports demonstrate that a substantial contribution to the antifibrotic effects of FGF2 comes from the inhibitory effects of FGF2 on connective tissue fibroblasts, activated myofibroblasts, and myofibroblast progenitors. FGF2 demonstrates effects antagonistic towards fibroblast activation and towards mesenchymal transition of potential myofibroblast-forming cells, as well as promotes a gene expression paradigm more reminiscent of regenerative healing, such as that which occurs in the fetal wound healing response, than fibrotic resolution. With a better understanding of the mechanisms by which FGF2 alters the wound healing cascade and results in a shift away from scar formation and towards functional tissue regeneration, we may be able to further address the critical need of therapy for varied fibrotic pathologies across myriad tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Dolivo
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biology and Biotechnology,100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, United States
| | - Sara A Larson
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biology and Biotechnology,100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, United States
| | - Tanja Dominko
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biology and Biotechnology,100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, United States.
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Drug-induced gingival hyperplasia: a retrospective study using spontaneous reporting system databases. J Pharm Health Care Sci 2017; 3:19. [PMID: 28729910 PMCID: PMC5518137 DOI: 10.1186/s40780-017-0088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Drug-induced gingival hyperplasia (DIGH) causes problems with chewing, aesthetics, and pronunciation, and leads to the deterioration of the patient’s quality of life (QOL). Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of DIGH using spontaneous reporting system (SRS) databases. Methods We analyzed reports of DIGH from SRS databases and calculated the reporting odds ratios (RORs) of suspected drugs (immunosuppressants, calcium channel blockers, and anticonvulsants). The SRS databases used were the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database. With the data, we evaluated the time-to-onset profile and the hazard type using the Weibull shape parameter (WSP). Furthermore, we used the association rule mining technique to discover undetected relationships such as possible risk factors. Results The FAERS contained 5,821,716 reports. The RORs (95% confidence interval: CI) for cyclosporine, everolimus, sirolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, amlodipine, nifedipine, carbamazepine, clobazam, levetiracetam, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, topiramate, and valproic acid, were 39.4 (95% CI: 30.3–51.2), 4.2 (1.7–10.0), 6.6 (2.5–17.7), 13.1 (7.2–23.2), 94.8 (80.0–112.9), 57.9 (35.7–94.0), 15.1 (10.3–22.3), 65.4 (33.8–126.7), 6.5 (3.6–11.8), 19.7 (8.8–44.0), 65.4 (52.4–82.9), 56.5 (21.1–151.7), 2.9 (1.1–7.7), and 17.5 (12.6–24.4), respectively. The JADER database contained 430,587 reports. The median time-to-onset of gingival hyperplasia values for immunosuppressants, calcium channel blockers, and anticonvulsants use were 71, 262, and 37 days, respectively. Furthermore, the 95% CI of the WSP β for anticonvulsants was over and excluded 1, which meant that they were wear-out failure type. Conclusions Our results suggest that DIGH monitoring of patients administered immunosuppressants, calcium channel blockers, or anticonvulsants is important. We demonstrated the potential risk of DIGH following the long-term use of calcium channel blocker over approximately 260 days. Based on the results of the association rule mining approach, patients with intellectual disability who are administered phenytoin should be monitored carefully. We recommend that patients who experience symptoms related to DIGH should be closely monitored.
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Musculoskeletal Involvement in Systemic Sclerosis: An Unexplored Aspect of the Disease. JOURNAL OF SCLERODERMA AND RELATED DISORDERS 2016. [DOI: 10.5301/jsrd.5000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal (MSK) symptoms in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) include articular involvement (arthralgia, synovitis, contractures), which is often an early phenomenon and significantly contributes to the disability. Predominantly the hands are affected. Consensus in outcome measures of articular involvement is missing. Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI), Cochin Hand Function Scale (CHFS), Hand Mobility Index in Scleroderma (HAMIS), and Disease Activity Score of 28 Joints (DAS28) may be used for the assessment of different aspects of joint involvement. There is an unmet need for therapies confirmed by randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) to treat both synovitis and non-inflammatory joint involvement. The few rehabilitation studies that have been conducted have shown some promising efficacy. Muscle involvement may be an early symptom. The presence of clinically meaningful muscle involvement often heralds an unfavourable prognosis. The histology of muscle biopsy shows a variable picture including inflammation and necrosis. Besides, signs of acute neurogenic atrophy have been recently described as a previously underestimated contributor to muscle weakness. Similar to articular involvement, the lack of classification criteria on inflammatory and non-inflammatory SSc-associated myopathies, and the lack of validated core set of outcome measures makes it difficult to perform RCTs. The SSc-specific fibrinous tenosynovitis (tendon-friction rubs /TFRs/) is a frequent finding in SSc. Patients with TFR are at increased risk of developing renal, vascular, cardiac and gastrointestinal involvement and have reduced survival rates. Changes of fibrinous tenosynovitis can be objectively detected by ultrasound and may be used as an outcome measure in the treatment of MSK involvement.
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Sakkas LI. Spotlight on tocilizumab and its potential in the treatment of systemic sclerosis. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:2723-8. [PMID: 27621593 PMCID: PMC5010079 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s99696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem disease characterized by extensive collagen deposition in skin and internal organs, fibrointimal microvasculopathy, and activation of the immune system. T cells and B cells can promote fibrosis in SSc. Interleukin (IL)-6 is implicated in the pathogenesis of SSc. IL-6 is increased in the peripheral blood and lesional skin from patients with SSc, and induces fibroblast collagen production directly and indirectly by inducing profibrotic M2 macrophages. IL-6 also induces Th17 differentiation and promotes B cell differentiation toward Ig-producing plasma cells. IL-6 is also implicated in the pathogenesis of SSc in animal models as it is increased in mice with bleomycin-induced fibrosis, whereas neutralization of IL-6 in these mice prevents skin fibrosis. IL-6 acts on cells by binding to IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) which is transmembrane or soluble, and then recruits the signal-transducing glycoprotein 130 which is ubiquitously expressed. Tocilizumab is an anti-IL-6R humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks IL-6-mediated signaling. Tocilizumab has been approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis, for polyarticular and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and for Castleman’s disease, and is well tolerated. Case reports and a Phase II, randomized trial in SSc have shown some improvement of skin tightness and delayed deterioration of lung function. A Phase III randomized trial in SSc is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaros I Sakkas
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Hahn JM, McFarland KL, Combs KA, Supp DM. Partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition in keloid scars: regulation of keloid keratinocyte gene expression by transforming growth factor-β1. BURNS & TRAUMA 2016; 4:30. [PMID: 27574697 PMCID: PMC4994224 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-016-0055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Keloids are an extreme form of abnormal scarring that result from a pathological fibroproliferative wound healing process. The molecular mechanisms driving keloid pathology remain incompletely understood, hindering development of targeted, effective therapies. Recent studies in our laboratory demonstrated that keloid keratinocytes exhibit adhesion abnormalities and display a transcriptional signature reminiscent of cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), suggesting a role for EMT in keloid pathology. In the current study, we further define the EMT-like phenotype of keloid scars and investigate regulation of EMT-related genes in keloid. Methods Primary keratinocytes from keloid scar and normal skin were cultured in the presence or absence of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) +/− inhibitors of TGF-β1 and downstream signaling pathways. Gene expression was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Migration was analyzed using an in vitro wound healing assay. Proteins in keloid scar and normal skin sections were localized by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analyses utilized SigmaPlot (SyStat Software, San Jose, CA) or SAS® (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Results In keloid and normal keratinocytes, TGF-β1 regulated expression of EMT-related genes, including hyaluronan synthase 2, vimentin, cadherin-11, wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 5A, frizzled 7, ADAM metallopeptidase domain 19, and interleukin-6. Inhibition of canonical TGF-β1 signaling in keloid keratinocytes significantly inhibited expression of these genes, and TGF-β1 stimulation of normal keratinocytes increased their expression. The inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway or the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway attenuated TGF-β1-induced expression of subsets of these genes. Migration of keloid keratinocytes, previously shown to be increased compared with normal keratinocytes, was significantly reduced by inhibition of TGF-β1 or ERK1/2 signaling. Biomarkers of EMT, including reduced E-cadherin and increased active β-catenin, were observed in keloid epidermis in vivo. However, evidence of basement membrane breakdown in keloid scar was not observed. Conclusions The results suggest that keloid keratinocytes exist in an EMT-like metastable state, similar to activated keratinocytes in healing wounds. The EMT-like gene expression pattern of keloid keratinocytes is regulated by canonical and non-canonical TGF-β1 signaling pathways. Therefore, interventions targeting TGF-β1-regulated EMT-like gene expression in keloid keratinocytes may serve to suppress keloid scarring. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s41038-016-0055-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Hahn
- Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children - Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Kevin L McFarland
- Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children - Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Kelly A Combs
- Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children - Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Dorothy M Supp
- Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children - Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA ; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
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Raghuraman G, Zuniga MC, Yuan H, Zhou W. PKCε mediates resistin-induced NADPH oxidase activation and inflammation leading to smooth muscle cell dysfunction and intimal hyperplasia. Atherosclerosis 2016; 253:29-37. [PMID: 27573736 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Resistin has been implicated in cardiovascular disease and poor interventional cardiovascular outcomes. Previous studies by our group demonstrated resistin promoted vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration through protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) pathways, while few others showed that resistin induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in various cell types. In this study, we aim to systemically examine the functional role of resistin at the cellular and tissue levels as well as the potential mechanistic relationship between resistin-induced PKCε activation and ROS production. METHODS Plasma collected from patients undergoing carotid interventions was analyzed for resistin level and ROS. VSMCs were treated with resistin in the presence or absence of PKCε and NADPH oxidase (Nox)-specific inhibitors. Intracellular ROS production was analyzed using confocal microscopy and Nox activity with chemiluminescence. In vivo studies were performed in apolipoprotein E knock out (ApoE-/-) mice to determine therapeutic effects of PKCε-specific inhibitor, using the guide-wire injury model. RESULTS We observed significant correlation between plasma resistin and circulating levels of oxidative stress in patients with severe atherosclerotic disease. We also demonstrated that resistin induced ROS production via PKCε-mediated Nox activation. Resistin-induced ROS production was time-dependent, and Nox4 was the primary isoform involved. Inhibition of Nox completely abolished resistin-exaggerated VSMC proliferation, migration and dedifferentiation, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Upstream modulation of PKCε significantly reduced resistin-mediated cytosolic ROS, Nox activity and VSMC dysfunction. Moreover, PKCε-specific inhibitor mitigated resistin-induced Nox activation and intimal hyperplasia in ApoE-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Resistin-associated VSMC dysfunction and intimal hyperplasia are related to PKCε-dependent Nox activation and ROS generation. Targeting the PKCε-Nox pathway may represent a novel strategy in managing resistin-associated atherosclerotic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary C Zuniga
- Department of Vascular Surgery, VAPHCS, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Hai Yuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, VAPHCS, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, VAPHCS, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Kato H, Suzuki H, Inoue Y, Suzuki K, Kobayashi H. Leucine-Enriched Essential Amino Acids Augment Mixed Protein Synthesis, But Not Collagen Protein Synthesis, in Rat Skeletal Muscle after Downhill Running. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8070399. [PMID: 27367725 PMCID: PMC4963875 DOI: 10.3390/nu8070399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed and collagen protein synthesis is elevated for as many as 3 days following exercise. Immediately after exercise, enhanced amino acid availability increases synthesis of mixed muscle protein, but not muscle collagen protein. However, the potential for synergic effects of amino acid ingestion with exercise on both mixed and collagen protein synthesis remains unclear. We investigated muscle collagen protein synthesis in rats following post-exercise ingestion of leucine-enriched essential amino acids. We determined fractional protein synthesis rates (FSR) at different time points following exercise. Mixed protein and collagen protein FSRs in skeletal muscle were determined by measuring protein-bound enrichments of hydroxyproline and proline, and by measuring the intracellular enrichment of proline, using injections of flooding d₃-proline doses. A leucine-enriched mixture of essential amino acids (or distilled water as a control) was administrated 30 min or 1 day post-exercise. The collagen protein synthesis in the vastus lateralis was elevated for 2 days after exercise. Although amino acid administration did not increase muscle collagen protein synthesis, it did lead to augmented mixed muscle protein synthesis 1 day following exercise. Thus, contrary to the regulation of mixed muscle protein synthesis, muscle collagen protein synthesis is not affected by amino acid availability after damage-inducing exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kato
- Frontier Research Laboratories, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Suzuki
- Frontier Research Laboratories, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan.
| | - Yoshiko Inoue
- Frontier Research Laboratories, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan.
| | - Katsuya Suzuki
- Frontier Research Laboratories, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan.
| | - Hisamine Kobayashi
- Frontier Research Laboratories, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan.
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