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Bosch MJ, Liang P, Sun X, Hall S, Love K, Cox D, Matsumoto T, Follett PA, Stockton DG. Avocado cultivar and tree-to-tree leaf compositional differences affect infestation severity of Pseudocysta perseae (Hemiptera: Tingidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024:nvae066. [PMID: 38988302 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Avocado lace bug, Pseudocysta perseae (Heidemann) (Hemiptera: Tingidae), is a sap-feeding insect that feeds on the underside of avocado leaves. First observed in 2019, P. perseae has spread throughout the Hawaiian islands, causing premature leaf drop and decrease in avocado yield. Due to Hawai'i's approximately 200 cultivars comprised of all 3 avocado races with extensive racial hybrids, we were able to investigate whether certain cultivars were more prone to experiencing higher P. perseae abundances and infestations compared to others. We conducted longitudinal abundance surveys on Hawai'i Island across several common avocado varieties monitoring changes in P. perseae abundance. These surveys were supplemented with longitudinal infestation severity surveys across 4 avocado lineages (Mexican, Guatemalan, West Indian, and Guatemalan × West Indian hybrid). Additionally, we collected leaves of 'Sharwil', 'Hass', 'Kahalu'u', and 'Nishikawa' cultivars looking at associations between P. perseae abundance and cultivar, herbivory-related biomechanical traits, and soluble sugar content. We found that some cultivars, such as 'Malama', typically experience lower P. perseae abundances compared to cultivars such as 'Kahalu'u', 'Beshore', and 'Sharwil'. Guatemalan × West Indian hybrid trees were also shown to have a higher probability of experiencing more severe P. perseae infestations compared to other lineages. Lastly, soluble sugar content, specifically fructose content, had a positive effect on juvenile P. perseae abundance. These findings suggest that cultivar differences in P. perseae infestations may exist, but tree-to-tree leaf compositional differences, such as soluble sugar content, may be a large driver of variation in P. perseae abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bosch
- USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Station, Tropical Crop Commodity Protection Research Unit, Hilo, HI, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Peishih Liang
- USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Station, Tropical Crop Commodity Protection Research Unit, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Xiuxiu Sun
- USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Station, Tropical Crop Commodity Protection Research Unit, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Sierra Hall
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Ken Love
- Hawaii Tropical Fruit Growers, Captain Cook, HI, USA
| | - David Cox
- Kane Plantation Avocados, Hōnaunau, HI, USA
| | - Tracie Matsumoto
- USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Station, Tropical Crop Commodity Protection Research Unit, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Peter A Follett
- USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Station, Tropical Crop Commodity Protection Research Unit, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Dara G Stockton
- USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Station, Tropical Crop Commodity Protection Research Unit, Hilo, HI, USA
- USDA-APHIS PPQ S&T, Insect Management and Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Edinburg, TX, USA
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Waris MI, Lei Y, Qi G, Guan Z, Rashied A, Chen J, Lyu L. The temporal-spatial expression and functional analysis of three gustatory receptor genes in Solenopsis invicta using sweet and bitter compounds. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:448-468. [PMID: 38010036 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The insect gustatory system participates in identifying potential food sources and avoiding toxic compounds. During this process, gustatory receptors (GRs) recognize feeding stimulant and deterrent compounds. However, the GRs involved in recognizing stimulant and deterrent compounds in the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, remain unknown. Therefore, we conducted a study on the genes SinvGR1, SinvGR32b, and SinvGR28a to investigate the roles of GRs in detecting feeding stimulant and deterrent compounds. In this current study, we found that sucrose and fructose are feeding stimulants and the bitter compound quinine is a feeding deterrent. The fire ant workers showed significant behavior changes to avoid the bitter taste in feeding stimulant compounds. Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results from developmental stages showed that the SinvGR1, SinvGR32b, and SinvGR28a genes were highly expressed in fire ant workers. Tissue-specific expression profiles indicated that SinvGR1, SinvGR32b, and SinvGR28a were specifically expressed in the antennae and foreleg tarsi of workers, whereas SinvGR32b gene transcripts were also highly accumulated in the male antennae. Furthermore, the silencing of SinvGR1 or SinvGR32b alone and the co-silencing of both genes disrupted worker stimulation and feeding on sucrose and fructose. The results also showed that SinvGR28a is required for avoiding quinine, as workers with knockdown of the SinvGR28a gene failed to avoid and fed on quinine. This study first identified stimulant and deterrent compounds of fire ant workers and then the GRs involved in the taste recognition of these compounds. This study could provide potential target gustatory genes for the control of the fire ant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan Waris
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyuan Lei
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guojun Qi
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziying Guan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Abdul Rashied
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Lyu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, China
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Chen WW, Lin K, Lv J, Su Q, Zhang MY, Kang K, Zhang WQ. Ligand dose-dependent activation of signaling pathways through the gustatory receptor NlGr11 linked to feeding efficacy in Nilaparvata lugens. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:1420-1430. [PMID: 36620934 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Insects often face both conditions with sufficient nutrients and conditions of undernutrition in the field. Through gustatory receptors, insects sense nutrients and regulate their physiological functions such as feeding and reproduction. However, it remains unclear whether signaling pathways activated by gustatory receptors depend on the concentration of nutrients and whether the difference in signaling pathways directly affects insects' physiological functions. Herein, we found that a sugar gustatory receptor, NlGr11, from the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, activated G protein-coupled signaling and ionotropic pathways when bound to high galactose concentration. BPHs subsequently demonstrated longer feeding times, feeding loads, and higher vitellogenin (NlVg) expression than BPHs exposed to high galactose concentrations, which only activated the ionotropic pathway. For the first time, our findings link plant nutrient conditions, signaling pathways activated by nutrients, and their gustatory receptors, and nutrient dose-dependent feeding efficacy and vitellogenin (Vg) expression in an insect. This will help us to better understand the molecular mechanism for insect feeding strategies on plants at different stages of nutritional conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kui Kang
- College of Biology and Agriculture, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Wen-Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Ruedenauer FA, Parreño MA, Grunwald Kadow IC, Spaethe J, Leonhardt SD. The ecology of nutrient sensation and perception in insects. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:994-1004. [PMID: 37328389 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Insects are equipped with neurological, physiological, and behavioral tools to locate potential food sources and assess their nutritional quality based on volatile and chemotactile cues. We summarize current knowledge on insect taste perception and the different modalities of reception and perception. We suggest that the neurophysiological mechanisms of reception and perception are closely linked to the species-specific ecology of different insects. Understanding these links consequently requires a multidisciplinary approach. We also highlight existing knowledge gaps, especially in terms of the exact ligands of receptors, and provide evidence for a perceptional hierarchy suggesting that insects have adapted their reception and perception to preferentially perceive nutrient stimuli that are important for their fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian A Ruedenauer
- Plant-Insect Interactions, Research Department Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany.
| | - Maria Alejandra Parreño
- Plant-Insect Interactions, Research Department Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Ilona C Grunwald Kadow
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, University Clinic Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Spaethe
- Department of Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sara D Leonhardt
- Plant-Insect Interactions, Research Department Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
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Chen JX, Li WX, Su Q, Lyu J, Zhang YB, Zhang WQ. Comparison of the signaling pathways of wing dimorphism regulated by biotic and abiotic stress in the brown planthopper. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:1046-1062. [PMID: 36382805 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wing polymorphism is an evolutionary trait that is widely present in various insects and provides a model system for studying the evolutionary significance of insect dispersal. The brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) can alter its wing morphs under biotic and abiotic stress. However, whether differential signaling pathways are induced by the 2 types of stress remain largely unknown. Here, we screened a number of candidate genes through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and found that ornithine decarboxylase (NlODC), a key enzyme in the synthesis of polyamines, was associated with wing differentiation in BPH and mainly responded to abiotic stress stimuli. We analyzed the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment pathways of differentially expressed genes under the 2 stresses by transcriptomic comparison, and found that biotic stress mainly influenced insulin-related signaling pathways while abiotic stress mainly influenced hormone-related pathways. Moreover, we found that insulin receptor 1 (NlInR1) may regulate wing differentiation of BPH by responding to both biotic and abiotic stress, but NlInR2 only responded to biotic stress. Similarly, the juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase associated with juvenile hormone degradation and NlODC may regulate wing differentiation mainly through abiotic stress. A model based on the genes and stresses to modulate the wing dimorphism of BPH was proposed. These findings present a comprehensive molecular mechanism for wing polymorphism in BPH induced by biotic and abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang M, Hu Y, Liu J, Guan Z, Zhang W. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing of gustatory receptor NlugGr23a causes male sterility in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124612. [PMID: 37119891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Gustatory receptors (Grs) have an essential role in chemical recognition so as to evaluate food quality. Insect Grs also participate in non-gustatory functions, such as olfaction, temperature sensing, and mating. In this study, we knocked out NlugGr23a, a putative fecundity-related Gr, using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens, a serious insect pest of rice. Surprisingly, homozygous NlugGr23a mutant (NlugGr23a-/-) males were sterile but their sperm were motile and morphologically normal. DAPI staining of mutant sperm inseminated eggs showed that most of NlugGr23a-/- sperm failed to fertilize eggs, even if they were capable of entering into the egg as a result of their arrested development prior to male pronucleus formation. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the expression of NlugGr23a in testis. Moreover, prior mating by NlugGr23a-/- males suppressed female fertility. To our knowledge, it is the first report that a chemoreceptor is implicated in male sterility and provides a potential molecular target for genetic pest control alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Yutao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhanwen Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Li F, Di Z, Tian J, Dewer Y, Qu C, Yang S, Luo C. Silencing the gustatory receptor BtGR11 affects the sensing of sucrose in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1054943. [PMID: 36452214 PMCID: PMC9702514 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1054943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is powerful biotechnology for studying the in vivo functions of key genes. Based on this property, RNAi can also be used for pest control as an effective alternative to chemical pesticides. The management of phloem-sucking pests is a tricky issue in current agricultural and forestry pest control. RNAi can silence key chemoreceptor genes of phloem-sucking pests; thereby regulating the behavior of these pests can be manipulated. So, it is considered to be a promising new type of ecological pest management strategy. In this study, we identified a candidate taste receptor gene, BtGR11, that controls the taste sensitivity to sucrose in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, which is a serious invasive phloem-sucking pest worldwide. Functional analyses using the Xenopus oocyte expression system and the two-electrode voltage-clamp system revealed that the oocytes expressing BtGR11 responded to sucrose. Furthermore, we found that silencing BtGR11 by RNAi inhibited the function of sensing sucrose in the whitefly. This study reports a key chemoreceptor gene that can be used for the understanding of the gustatory sensing mechanisms of whitefly to deterrent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjuan Di
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiahui Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Youssef Dewer
- Phytotoxicity Research Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Cheng Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyong Yang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang G, Cao S, Guo T, Wang H, Qi X, Ren X, Niu C. Identification and expression profiles of gustatory receptor genes in Bactrocera minax larvae (Diptera: Tephritidae): Role of BminGR59f in larval growth. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:1240-1250. [PMID: 35146929 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Insects employ various types of gustatory receptors (GRs) to identify nutrient-rich food and avoid toxic substances. The larval gustatory system is the critical checkpoint for food acceptance or rejection. As a specialist herbivore, the larvae of Bactrocera minax feed only on unripe citrus fruits. However, how larvae use GRs to check and adapt to the secondary metabolites in unripe citrus fruits remains unknown. In this study, we first performed developmental expression profiles showing that most BminGRs genes were highly expressed in 1st and 2nd instar larvae and that tissue-specific expression indicated high expression of most BminGRs genes in the mouthparts of 2nd instar larvae. Furthermore, we found that silencing BminGR59f by RNA interference (RNAi) affected the growth of 2nd instar B. minax larvae. Hesperidin and naringin were screened as ligands of BminGR59f via RNAi and cell calcium imaging, and the combination of these two flavones increased the body weight of larvae. In summary, we identified a novel gustatory perception pattern in B. minax for detecting hesperidin and naringin, which boosted the growth of B. minax larvae. These results shed light on how specialist herbivores detect and adapt to host metabolites in adverse environments depending on larval GRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuewei Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueming Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changying Niu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Kang K, Cai Y, Yue L, Zhang W. Effects of Different Nutritional Conditions on the Growth and Reproduction of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Front Physiol 2022; 12:794721. [PMID: 35058803 PMCID: PMC8764137 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.794721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth and reproduction are the two most basic life processes of organisms and the distribution of energy in these processes is a core issue of the life history of organisms. Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), the brown planthopper (BPH), is a single-feeding rice pest. In the present study, this species was used as a model for testing the effects of nutritional conditions on various growth and reproduction indicators. First, the third-instar nymphs were fed with three different concentrations (100, 50, and 25%) of artificial diet until the second day of adulthood. The results showed that as the nutrient concentration decreased, the body development and oviposition of BPH were hindered. The total lipid content in the fat bodies was also significantly reduced. RT-PCR analysis showed compared to the 100% concentration group, the expression levels of vitellogenin (Vg) genes in the fifth-instar nymphs, adults, and in different tissues (ovary, fat body, and other tissues) were significantly decreased in the 50 and 25% treatment groups. Western blot analysis showed that Vg protein expression was highest in the 100% group, followed by the 50% group, with no expression in the 25% group. These results indicate that growth and reproduction in the BPH are regulated by, or correlated with, nutrient concentration. This study is of great significance as it reveals the adaptive strategies of the BPH to nutritional deficiencies and it also provides valuable information for the comprehensive control of this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Kang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Characteristic for Conservation and Utilization of Zoology Resource in Chishui River Basin, College of Biology and Agriculture, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, China
| | - Youjun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yue
- Key Laboratory of Regional Characteristic for Conservation and Utilization of Zoology Resource in Chishui River Basin, College of Biology and Agriculture, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Genome-Wide Analysis of the Amino Acid Auxin Permease (AAAP) Gene Family and Identification of an AAAP Gene Associated with the Growth and Reproduction of the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12080746. [PMID: 34442311 PMCID: PMC8397168 DOI: 10.3390/insects12080746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids play a vital role in several biological processes in organisms and are mainly acquired through diet by most insects. The amino acid auxin permease (AAAP) transporter family is an important amino acid transporter gene family in insects for the transportation of amino acids into and out of cells across the plasma membrane. Here, we identified 21 putative AAAP family members in the genome of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, a devastating pest that feeds only on the phloem sap of rice plants. Molecular characteristic analysis indicated large variations in protein features and amino acid sequences among the predicted AAAP family members in BPH. Phylogenetic analysis clustered these AAAP transporters into three subgroups, with the members in the same group sharing a similar pattern of conserved motif distribution. Through ortholog gene recognition and spatiotemporal gene expression analysis, the AAAP gene NlAAAP07, which was predicted to regulate BPH larval growth and female fecundity, was identified. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated suppression of NlAAAP07 significantly postponed the duration of 3rd instar nymphs developing into adults from 7.4 days to 9.0 days, and decreased the oviposition amount and egg hatching rate of females by 30.7% and 11.0%, respectively. Our results provide a foundation for further functional analysis of AAAP transporters in BPH.
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Yue L, Guan Z, Zhong M, Zhao L, Pang R, Liu K. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Amino Acid Polyamine Organocation Transporter Family Genes Reveal Their Role in Fecundity Regulation in a Brown Planthopper Species ( Nilaparvata lugens). Front Physiol 2021; 12:708639. [PMID: 34335311 PMCID: PMC8316623 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.708639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera:Delphacidae), is one of the most destructive pests of rice worldwide. As a sap-feeding insect, the BPH is incapable of synthesizing several amino acids which are essential for normal growth and development. Therefore, the insects have to acquire these amino acids from dietary sources or their endosymbionts, in which amino acid transporters (AATs) play a crucial role by enabling the movement of amino acids into and out of insect cells. In this study, a common amino acid transporter gene family of amino acid/polyamine/organocation (APC) was identified in BPHs and analyzed. Based on a homology search and conserved functional domain recognition, 20 putative APC transporters were identified in the BPH genome. Molecular trait analysis showed that the verified BPH APC family members were highly variable in protein features, conserved motif distribution patterns, and exon/intron organization. Phylogenetic analysis of five hemipteran species revealed an evolutionary pattern of interfamily conservation and lineage-specific expansion of this gene family. Moreover, stage- and tissue-specific expression analysis revealed diverse expression patterns in the 20 BPH APC transporter genes. Lastly, a potential BPH fecundity regulatory gene of NlAPC09 was identified and shown to participate in the fecundity regulation through the use of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and RNA inference experiments. Our results provide a basis for further functional investigations of APC transporters in BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yue
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziying Guan
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingzhao Zhong
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luyao Zhao
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
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Koutroumpa FA, Monsempes C, François MC, Severac D, Montagné N, Meslin C, Jacquin-Joly E. Description of Chemosensory Genes in Unexplored Tissues of the Moth Spodoptera littoralis. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.678277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Illumina-based transcriptome sequencing of chemosensory organs has become a standard in deciphering the molecular bases of chemical senses in insects, especially in non-model species. A plethora of antennal transcriptomes is now available in the literature, describing large sets of chemosensory receptors and binding proteins in a diversity of species. However, little is still known on other organs such as mouthparts, legs and ovipositors, which are also known to carry chemosensory sensilla. This is the case of the noctuid Spodoptera littoralis, which has been established as a model insect species in molecular chemical ecology thanks to the description of many—but not all—chemosensory genes. To fulfill this gap, we present here an unprecedented transcriptomic survey of chemosensory tissues in this species. RNAseq from male and female proboscis, labial palps, legs and female ovipositors allowed us to annotate 115 putative chemosensory gene transcripts, including 30 novel genes in this species. Especially, we doubled the number of candidate gustatory receptor transcripts described in this species. We also evidenced ectopic expression of many chemosensory genes. Remarkably, one third of the odorant receptors were found to be expressed in the proboscis. With a total of 196 non-overlapping chemosensory genes annotated, the S. littoralis repertoire is one of the most complete in Lepidoptera. We further evaluated the expression of transcripts between males and females, pinpointing sex-specific transcripts. We identified five female-specific transcripts, including one odorant receptor, one gustatory receptor, one ionotropic receptor and one odorant-binding protein, and one male-specific gustatory receptor. Such sex-biased expression suggests that these transcripts participate in sex-specific behaviors, such as host choice for oviposition in females and/or mating partner recognition in both sexes.
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CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of the NlCSAD gene results in darker cuticle pigmentation and a reduction in female fecundity in Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 256:110921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.110921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chen WW, Kang K, Lv J, Yue L, Zhang WQ. Galactose-NlGr11 inhibits AMPK phosphorylation by activating the PI3K-AKT-PKF-ATP signaling cascade via insulin receptor and Gβγ. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:735-745. [PMID: 32348014 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As ligands of the sugar gustatory receptors, sugars have been known to activate the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway; however, the precise pathways that are activated by the sugar-bound gustatory receptors in insects remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the signaling cascades activated by NlGr11, a sugar gustatory receptor in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), and its ligand. Galactose-bound NlGr11 (galactose-NlGr11) activated the -phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling cascade via insulin receptor (InR) and Gβγ in vitro. In addition, galactose-NlGr11 inhibited the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation by activating the AKT-phosphofructokinase (PFK)-ATP signaling cascade in vitro. Importantly, the InR-PI3K-AKT-PFK-AKT signaling cascade was activated and the AMPK phosphorylation was inhibited after feeding the brown planthoppers with galactose solution. Collectively, these findings confirm that NlGr11 can inhibit AMPK phosphorylation by activating the PI3K-AKT-PFK-ATP signaling cascades via both InR and Gβγ when bound to galactose. Thus, our study provides novel insights into the signaling pathways regulated by the sugar gustatory receptors in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kui Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Ojha A, Zhang W. Characterization of gustatory receptor 7 in the brown planthopper reveals functional versatility. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 132:103567. [PMID: 33741431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Insect pests consume tastants as their necessary energy and nutrient sources. Gustatory receptors play important roles in insect life and can form within an extremely complicated regulatory network. However, there are still many gustatory genes that have a significant impact on insect physiology, but their functional mechanism is still unknown. Here, we purified and characterized a gustatory receptor (protein) coding gene, NlGr7, from the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens, which is an important insect pest of rice. Our results revealed that NlGr7 has an active association with various ligands, such as lectins, lipids (phospho- and sphingolipid) and copper. The mass-spectrometry result showed that NlGr7 is a sugar receptor, and NlGr7 is validated by different types of insoluble polysaccharides and a varied range of tastants. Further, we observed that NlGr7-bound ATP hydrolysed on the ATPase activity assay, which indicated that NlGr7 may be associated with important biological functions in the BPH. Furthermore, an injection of NlGr7 (protein), into newly emerged female adults of BPH, showed the reduced vitellogenin in ovary. The important NlGr7 for chemoreception has now been characterized in the BPH. We showed that NlGr7 in the BPH is required for various protein-ligands, as well as protein-sugars interactions, and for regulation of fecundity marker to play crucial roles in this pest. This study will provide valuable information for further functional studies of chemoreception mechanisms in this important agricultural pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Ojha
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China.
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Xu W. How do moth and butterfly taste?-Molecular basis of gustatory receptors in Lepidoptera. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:1148-1157. [PMID: 31433559 PMCID: PMC7687262 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Insect gustatory system plays a central role in guiding insect feeding behaviors, insect-plant interactions and coevolutions. Gustatory receptors (GRs) form the interface between the insect taste system and their environment. Previously, most studies on insect GRs are focused on Drosophila; much less attention has been paid to Lepidoptera species, which consist of a large number of serious agricultural crop pests. With the exceptional advances in the next generation sequencing (NGS), cellular biology, RNA interference (RNAi), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technologies in recent years, extraordinary progresses have been achieved elucidating the molecular mechanisms of Lepidopteran GRs. In this review, we highlighted these advances, discussed what these advances have revealed and provide our new insights into this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Agricultural SciencesCollege of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch UniversityWAAustralia
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Li HL, Wang XY, Zheng XL, Lu W. Research Progress on Oviposition-Related Genes in Insects. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:6047614. [PMID: 33367730 PMCID: PMC7759734 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Oviposition-related genes have remained a consistent focus of insect molecular biology. Previous research has gradually clarified our mechanistic understanding of oviposition-related genes, including those related to oviposition-gland-related genes, oogenesis-related genes, oviposition-site-selection-related genes, and genes related to ovulation and hatching. Moreover, some of this research has revealed how the expression of single oviposition-related genes affects the expression of related genes, and more importantly, how individual node genes function to link the expression of upstream and downstream genes. However, the research to date is not sufficient to completely explain the overall interactions among the genes of the insect oviposition system. Through a literature review of a large number of studies, this review provides references for future research on oviposition-related genes in insects and the use of RNAi or CRISPR/Cas9 technology to verify the functions of oviposition-related genes and to prevent and control harmful insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lin Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xia-Lin Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
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Fernandes FDF, Bahia AC, Secundino NFC, Pimenta PFP. Ultrastructural Analysis of Mouthparts of Adult Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) From the Brazilian Midwest Region. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1447-1458. [PMID: 32424423 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ultrastructure of the mouthparts of Haematobia irritans (L.) was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The morphological characteristics of the maxillary palps, labium (prementum and postmentum), labrum, hypopharynx, haustellum, and labellar lobes are described, as well as of the sensilla evidenced on all the surface of the mouthparts, and the set of different positions assumed by the mouth apparatus of this fly. Based on their morphology, 12 well-differentiated sensilla were identified, among three types of cuticular sensilla: trichoidea, coeloconica, and campaniformia. A slight sexual dimorphism in the sensilla patterns found in the mouthparts of H. irritans was evidenced. These observations are discussed with reference to the current literature on the functional morphology of sense organs of Insecta. These results could facilitate the recognition of the chemosensory sensilla by electrophysiological techniques, and foment future taxonomic and phylogenetic studies to better elucidate the evolution of Diptera, Muscomorpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando de Freitas Fernandes
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Division of Entomology, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Bahia
- Laboratory of Insects and Parasites Biochemistry, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Filemon Paolucci Pimenta
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology (LEM), René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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FoxO directly regulates the expression of TOR/S6K and vitellogenin to modulate the fecundity of the brown planthopper. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:133-143. [PMID: 32567002 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1734-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
As a conserved transcription factor, FoxO plays a crucial role in multiple physiological processes in vivo, including stress resistance, longevity, growth and reproduction. Previous studies on FoxO have focused on human, mouse, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, while there are few reports on agricultural pests and little is known about how FoxO modulates insect fecundity. In Asia, the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) is one of the most serious pests in rice production and high fecundity is the basis of the outbreak of BPH. Here, using the genome-wide ChIP-seq of NlFoxO in BPH, we found that NlFoxO binds to the promoters of ribosomal proteinS6 kinase (NlS6K) and serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR (NlTOR) and increases their expression levels. We also found that NlFoxO directly binds to the exon of vitellogenin (NlVg) and has a specific inhibitory effect on its expression. In addition, the number of eggs laid and their hatching rate decreased significantly after injection of NlFoxO double-stranded RNA into BPH adults. Our findings provide direct evidence that FoxO modulates insect fecundity through binding to the promoters of NlS6K, NlTOR and the exon of NlVg and affecting their gene expression in the Vg network.
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Liu XL, Sun SJ, Hou W, Zhang J, Yan Q, Dong SL. Functional characterization of two spliced variants of fructose gustatory receptor in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 164:7-13. [PMID: 32284139 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Insect gustatory system plays important roles in multiple behaviors including feeding, mating, and oviposition. Gustatory receptors (GRs), located on the dendritic membrane of gustatory sensory neurons (GSNs), are crucial in peripheral coding of non-volatile compounds. However, GRs and their detailed functions remain poorly understood in lepidopteran pests. In the present work, focusing on GR genes of Plutella xylostella, an important worldwide crop pest, we cloned a candidate fructose GR gene that has two spliced variants (PxylGR43a-1 and PxylGR43a-2), and determined the tissue expression profiles by semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). It revealed that both GR variants were highly expressed in antennae and less highly in heads of adults, while PxylGR43a-2 was also weakly expressed in other tested tissues. Functional analyses were further conducted using the Xenopus oocyte system. PxylGR43a-1 and PxylGR43a-2 both responded specifically to the d-fructose among the 12 tested sugar compounds, but PxylGR43a-2 showed much higher current response than PxylGR43a-1. In addition, the proboscis extension reflex (PER) assay was conducted, demonstrating that female moths could respond to d-fructose following stimulation of antenna. Taken together, our study contributes to elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of fructose reception and provides a potential target for development of GR based pest control techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Liu
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Si-Jie Sun
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wen Hou
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Qi Yan
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuang-Lin Dong
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Chen W, Chen L, Li D, Kang K, Liu K, Yue L, Zhang W. Two alternative splicing variants of a sugar gustatory receptor modulate fecundity through different signalling pathways in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 119:103966. [PMID: 31626759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Insect gustatory receptors play crucial roles in multiple physiological behaviours. Although the alternative splicing of some gustatory receptors has been observed in insect species, differences in their ligands and functions have rarely been reported. Here, we cloned NlGr10a and NlGr10b, two alternative splicing variants of a sugar gustatory receptor gene in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), and found that their ligands were different by calcium imaging assay. The ligands of NlGr10a were fructose and cellobiose, and the ligand of NlGr10b was arabinose. Subsequently, the RNAi results showed that knockdown of both splicing variants decreased the number of eggs laid by BPH females, and the egg hatching rate after knockdown of NlGr10a was significantly lower than that after knockdown of NlGr10b. Furthermore, NlGr10a promoted the fecundity of BPH through the AMPK- and AKT-NlVg/NlVgR signalling pathways, whereas NlGr10b promoted the fecundity only through the AMPK- and AKT-NlVg signalling pathways. These findings broaden our understanding of the difference in the ligands and functions of alternative splicing variants of gustatory receptors in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li'e Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kui Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Kang K, Yang P, Chen LE, Pang R, Yu LJ, Zhou WW, Zhu ZR, Zhang WQ. Identification of putative fecundity-related gustatory receptor genes in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:970. [PMID: 30587129 PMCID: PMC6307266 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The insect gustatory system plays a central role in the regulation of multiple physiological behaviors and the co-evolution between insects and their hosts. The gustatory receptors (Gr) are important to allow insects to sense their environment. It is critical to the selection of foods, mates and oviposition sites of insects. In this study, the Gr family genes of the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) were identified and analyzed, and their potential relationship to the fecundity of BPH was explored by RNA interference (RNAi). Results We identified 32 putative Gr genes by analyzing transcriptome and genome data from BPH. Most of these Gr proteins have the typical structure of seven transmembrane domains. The BPH Gr genes (NlGrs) were expressed in virtually all tissues and stages, whilst higher transcript accumulations were found in adult stages and in the midguts of females. Based on the phylogenic analysis, we classified NlGrs into five potential categories, including 2 sugar receptors, 2 Gr43a-like receptors, 7 CO2 receptors, 5 bitter receptors and 13 NlGrs with unknown functions. Moreover, we found that 10 NlGrs have at least two alternative splicing variants, and obtained alternative splicing isoforms of 5 NlGrs. Finally, RNAi of 29 NlGrs showed that 27 of them are related to the transcript levels of two fecundity related genes vitellogenin and vitellogenin receptor. Conclusions We found 32 Gr genes in BPH, among which at least 27 are required for normal expression of fecundity markers of this insect pest. These findings provide the basis for the functional study of Grs and the exploration of potential genes involved in the monophagous character of BPH. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5391-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Pan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-E Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu-Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Wu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zeng-Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China.
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