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Gubitosa F, Fraternale D, Benayada L, De Bellis R, Gorassini A, Saltarelli R, Donati Zeppa S, Potenza L. Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Genoprotective Effects of Callus Cultures Obtained from the Pulp of Malus pumila cv Miller (Annurca Campana Apple). Foods 2024; 13:2036. [PMID: 38998542 PMCID: PMC11241768 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Apples are rich in phytochemicals useful for human health. However, environmental factors can greatly affect the accumulation of these compounds. To face this problem, the callus culture technique was used to obtain large quantities of phytochemicals. Specifically, two callus cultures were obtained from ripe Annurca apple pulp (Malus pumila cv Miller) and cultivated under different light conditions: darkness and an 18-h photoperiod. The hydro-alcoholic extracts from the calli underwent analysis using GC-MS, GC-FID, and HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn to determine the qualitative and quantitative content of phenolic and triterpenic acids. The study revealed the predominant presence of triterpenic compounds in both calli. Furthermore, we investigated their radical scavenging and antioxidant activities through DPPH, ABTS, ORAC assays, and lipoxygenase inhibition activity. Genoprotection was evaluated via nicking assay, and the anti-inflammatory effect was investigated via Griess assay on LPS-injured murine macrophages. All the analyses performed were compared with peel and pulp hydroalcoholic extracts. The results showed that both calli primarily show anti-inflammatory activity and moderate antioxidant effect and can protect DNA against oxidative stimuli. This data encouraged further research aimed at utilizing callus as a bioreactor to produce secondary metabolites for use in preventive and therapeutic applications to combat acute or chronic age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Gubitosa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Daniele Fraternale
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Leila Benayada
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Roberta De Bellis
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Andrea Gorassini
- Department of Humanities and Cultural Heritage, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Roberta Saltarelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Sabrina Donati Zeppa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Lucia Potenza
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
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2
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Papotti B, Dessena M, Adorni MP, Paleari D, Rinaldi L, Bernini F. In vitro evaluation of the immunomodulatory activity of the nutraceutical formulation AminoDefence. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:173-184. [PMID: 38030612 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2283688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Immune system (IS) functionality is warranted by inter-dependent processes that balance body defences without exceeding in inflammation. An ideal nutraceutical approach should sustain the protective IS activity while controlling inflammation. The potential immunomodulatory activity of the food supplement (FS) AminoDefence was studied in resting macrophages RAW264.7 and following stimulation of bacterial- and viral-associated inflammation trough LPS and PolyI:C treatments, respectively. In unstimulated macrophages, the formulation exerted a dose-dependent immunostimulant activity by up-regulating NO, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 release, while it dampened the aberrant release of these factors induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli. Exploring the contribution of single components Echinacea purpurea (E. purpurea) extract and quercetin, used at proportional concentrations than in whole formulation, a more pronounced immunostimulant effect was observed for E. purpurea, and an anti-inflammatory activity for quercetin. Hence, AminoDefence exerts an immunomodulatory activity in macrophages by effectively stimulating a protective inflammatory response and limiting it in cases of excessive inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Papotti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Mattia Dessena
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Adorni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Franco Bernini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Rullah K, Shamsudin NF, Koeberle A, Tham CL, Fasihi Mohd Aluwi MF, Leong SW, Jantan I, Lam KW. Flavonoid diversity and roles in the lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammatory response of monocytes and macrophages. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:75-99. [PMID: 38205612 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/toll-like receptor 4 signaling in mononuclear phagocytes has been explored for the treatment of inflammation and inflammation-related disorders. However, only a few key targets have been translated into clinical applications. Flavonoids, a class of ubiquitous plant secondary metabolites, possess a privileged scaffold which serves as a valuable template for designing pharmacologically active compounds directed against diseases with inflammatory components. This perspective provides a general overview of the diversity of flavonoids and their multifaceted mechanisms that interfere with LPS-induced signaling in monocytes and macrophages. Focus is placed on flavonoids targeting MD-2, IκB kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt or modulating LPS-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Rullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Farisya Shamsudin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fadhlizil Fasihi Mohd Aluwi
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Wei Leong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Kok Wai Lam
- Centre for Drug & Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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4
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Zhang Y, Guan R, Huang H. Anti-Allergic Effects of Quercetin and Quercetin Liposomes in RBL-2H3 Cells. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:692-701. [PMID: 35761488 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220627151830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quercetin is a kind of flavonoid with important bioactivities, such as hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic properties. Although it is unstable, it is worth exploring how to better exert its anti-allergic effect. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to elucidate the anti-allergic effect of quercetin liposomes on RBL-2H3 cells in vitro. METHODS Quercetin liposomes were prepared to improve the anti-allergic activity of quercetin through a green thin-film dispersion method. We compared the anti-allergic effects of quercetin and quercetin liposomes in RBL-2H3 cells. The anti-allergic activity of the quercetin liposomes was evaluated by the level of β-hexosaminidase, histamine, Ca2+, IL-4, IL-8, and MCP-1. RESULTS The results showed that quercetin liposomes could significantly restrain the release of β-hexosaminidase and histamine, calcium influx, and the expression of inflammatory factors, whose effect is stronger than quercetin. CONCLUSION Collectively, our research suggests that the quercetin liposome can be used as a potential allergy antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongfa Guan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Haizhi Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Fareed N, El-Kersh DM, Youssef FS, Labib RM. Unveiling major ethnopharmacological aspects of genus Diospyros in context to its chemical diversity: A comprehensive overview. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14413. [PMID: 36136087 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Diospyros species (DS), "Ebenaceae," were known for their therapeutic uses in folk medicine since days of yore. Thereafter, scientific evidence related their health benefits to a myriad of chemical classes, for instance, naphthoquinones, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, norbergenin derivatives, sterols, secoiridoids, sesquiterpenes, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carotenoids. The available literature showed that more than 200 compounds were isolated and identified via spectroscopic techniques. Many pharmacological activities of DS have been previously described, such as antioxidant, neuroprotective, antibacterial, antiviral, antiprotozoal, antifungal, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and cosmeceutical, investigated, and confirmed through versatile in vitro and in vivo assays. Previous studies proved that genus Diospyros is a rich reservoir of valuable bioactive compounds. However, further comparative studies among its different species are recommended for more precise natural source-based drug discovery and clinical application. Accordingly, this review is to recall the chemical abundance and diversity among different members of genus Diospyros and their ethnopharmacological and pharmacological uses. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Practically, providing sufficient background on both secondary metabolites divergence and pharmacological properties of genus Diospyros has many fruitful aspects. As demonstrated below, extracts and many isolated compounds have significant curative properties, which can lead to the discovery of pharmaceutically relevant alternative substitutes to conventional medicine. Consequently, molecular docking on various receptors can be applied. On the grounds, Naoxinqing tablets, a standardized herbal product containing D. kaki leaves extract, have been patented and recorded in Chinese Pharmacopeia as an approved Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for the treatment of cerebro- and cardiovascular diseases, although the underlying mechanism remains under advisement. Moreover, the antimicrobial applications of DS are of considerable concern; since the widespread use of antibiotics resulted in different forms of bacterial resistance, hence, limiting and compromising effective treatment. In addition, as a result of contemporary rampant memory disorders, neuroprotective activities of different extracts of DS became of great emphasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Fareed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Dina M El-Kersh
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Fadia S Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Rola M Labib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
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6
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Essa AF, Teleb M, El-Kersh DM, El Gendy AENG, Elshamy AI, Farag MA. Natural acylated flavonoids: their chemistry and biological merits in context to molecular docking studies. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11101-022-09840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAcylated flavonoids are widely distributed natural dietary bioactives with several health attributes. A large diversity of acylated flavonoids with interesting biological potentialities were reported. Of these, 123 compounds with potential antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, analgesic and anti-complementary effects were selected from several databases. Based upon these data, the possible mechanistic evidence for their effects were reported. Generally, aromatic acyls i.e., galloyl derivatives appeared to improve efficacy through enhancement of the binding affinities to molecular targets due to plenty of donating and accepting centers. Docking simulations conducted by Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) of acylated flavonoids revealed that compound 12 is at the top of the list into the antibacterial target DNA gyrase subunit B (GyrB), from E. coli, followed by compounds 10, 4 and 23. Compounds 81, 88, 96, 92, 99, 100, 102 and 103 have the strongest binding affinities into Human matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) 2 and 9 catalytic domains. Compound 103 exerted the most balanced predicted dual MMP-2/MMP-9 inhibition action. Compound 95 recorded the strongest binding affinity into metabotropic glutamate receptor (mglur1) with the lowest energy conformer. The data presented in this review suggests that these candidate acylated flavonoids ought to be considered in future drug developments especially as anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agents.
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7
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Ed Nignpense B, Latif S, Francis N, Blanchard C, Santhakumar AB. The impact of simulated gastrointestinal digestion on the bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity of purple rice phenolic compounds. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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8
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Moradi Vestegani S, Hajipour S, Sarkaki A, Farbood Y, Ghaderi S, Rashno M, Jahangiri HM, Khoshnam SE. Vanillic acid alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced anxiety/depression-like behaviors and cerebral oxidative stress in male rats. LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2022.101811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Yu D, Wang F, Ye S, Yang S, Yu N, Zhou X, Zhang N. Quercitrin protects human bronchial epithelial cells from oxidative damage. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:375-383. [PMID: 35799602 PMCID: PMC8864058 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is mainly caused by cigarette smoking (CS), with oxidative stress being one key component during its pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of quercitrin (QE) on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced cell apoptosis and oxidative stress in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and its underlying mechanism. HBECs were treated with 2% CSE for 24 h to establish in vitro COPD cellular models. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis were performed to evaluate cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. Western blotting was applied to examine protein levels and ELISA kits were used to examine contents of the indicated oxidant/antioxidant markers. The results demonstrated that CSE promoted apoptosis and suppressed viability of HBECs and QE reversed these effects. CSE caused increase in T-AOC, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione (GSH) peroxidase contents and decrease in MDA, reactive oxygen species , and GSH contents in HBECs, which were rescued by QE treatment. The CSE-induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and elevation of NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression were also reversed by QE in HBECs. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling was activated by CSE and further suppressed by QE in HBECs. Collectively, QE exerts a protective role in HBECs against cell apoptosis and oxidative damage via inactivation of the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 pathway and the MAPK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yu
- Department of Hematology , Wuhan No. 1 Hospital , Wuhan 43022 , Hubei , China
| | - Fan Wang
- General Medical Department (Department of Geriatrics) , Wuhan No. 1 Hospital , Wuhan 43022 , Hubei , China
| | - Shuming Ye
- Department of Respiratory , Wuhan No. 1 Hospital , Wuhan 43022 , Hubei , China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Respiratory , Wuhan No. 1 Hospital , Wuhan 43022 , Hubei , China
| | - Ning Yu
- Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Wuhan 430061 , Hubei , China
| | - Xinyan Zhou
- Hubei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Wuhan 430061 , Hubei , China
| | - Nian Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Wuhan No. 1 Hospital , Wuhan 43022 , Hubei , China
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10
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Inada A, Sawao A, Takahashi K, Oshima T. Enhanced water dispersibility and Caco-2 cell monolayer permeability of quercetin by complexation with casein hydrolysate. J Food Sci 2022; 87:1174-1183. [PMID: 35122241 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Although quercetin (Que) has many beneficial therapeutic effects on the human body, its oral bioavailability is poor because of its low water solubility. Herein, we describe the preparation of casein hydrolysate (Pepcas ) and its use as a dispersant to enhance the water dispersibility of Que resulting in an improvement of its bioavailability. By complexation with Pepcas , the apparent solubility of Que in the complex (Que@Pepcas ) was significantly increased under acidic and neutral conditions. Que@Pepcas was pre-digested in vitro using a simulated digestive juice, and a Caco-2 cell monolayer permeation assay was performed to evaluate the oral bioavailability of Que. The cumulative amount of Que that permeated the monolayer using Que@Pepcas after 8, 16, and 24 h was increased compared with a blank sample (Que@Blank), and the apparent permeation coefficient Papp of Que@Pepcas was approximately 2.6-fold better than that of Que@Blank. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Pepcas can be used as a high absorption supplement and food additive, and our Pepcas complexation technique should be widely applicable to not only Que but also to other poorly water-soluble substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Inada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ayane Sawao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Koki Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Oshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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11
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Singla RK, He X, Chopra H, Tsagkaris C, Shen L, Kamal MA, Shen B. Natural Products for the Prevention and Control of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Sustainable Bioresources. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:758159. [PMID: 34925017 PMCID: PMC8671886 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.758159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The world has been unprecedentedly hit by a global pandemic which broke the record of deadly pandemics that faced humanity ever since its existence. Even kids are well-versed in the terminologies and basics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 now. The vaccination program has been successfully launched in various countries, given that the huge global population of concern is still far behind to be vaccinated. Furthermore, the scarcity of any potential drug against the COVID-19-causing virus forces scientists and clinicians to search for alternative and complementary medicines on a war-footing basis. Aims and Objectives: The present review aims to cover and analyze the etiology and epidemiology of COVID-19, the role of intestinal microbiota and pro-inflammatory markers, and most importantly, the natural products to combat this deadly SARS-CoV-2 virus. Methods: A primary literature search was conducted through PubMed and Google Scholar using relevant keywords. Natural products were searched from January 2020 to November 2020. No timeline limit has been imposed on the search for the biological sources of those phytochemicals. Interactive mapping has been done to analyze the multi-modal and multi-target sources. Results and Discussion: The intestinal microbiota and the pro-inflammatory markers that can serve the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19 were discussed. The literature search resulted in yielding 70 phytochemicals and ten polyherbal formulations which were scientifically analyzed against the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its targets and found significant. Retrospective analyses led to provide information about 165 biological sources that can also be screened if not done earlier. Conclusion: The interactive analysis mapping of biological sources with phytochemicals and targets as well as that of phytochemical class with phytochemicals and COVID-19 targets yielded insights into the multitarget and multimodal evidence-based complementary medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Xuefei He
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, India
| | | | - Li Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- West China School of Nursing/Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Enzymoics; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Hsu CY, Yeh JY, Chen CY, Wu HY, Chiang MH, Wu CL, Lin HJ, Chiu CH, Lai CH. Helicobacter pylori cholesterol-α-glucosyltransferase manipulates cholesterol for bacterial adherence to gastric epithelial cells. Virulence 2021; 12:2341-2351. [PMID: 34506250 PMCID: PMC8437457 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1969171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with several gastrointestinal diseases, including gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. Infection of cells with H. pylori is dependent on lipid rafts, which are cholesterol-rich microdomains located in the cell membrane. H. pylori cholesterol-α-glucosyltransferase (CGT) catalyzes the conversion of membrane cholesterol to cholesteryl glucosides, which can be incorporated into the bacterial cell wall, facilitating evasion from immune defense and colonization in the host. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying this process remain to be explored. In this study, we discovered for the first time that H. pylori CGT could promote adherence to gastric epithelial cells in a cholesterol-dependent manner. Externalization of cell membrane phosphatidylserine (PS) is crucial for enhancement of binding of H. pylori to cells by CGT and for cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA)-induced pathogenesis. Furthermore, exogenous cholesterol interferes with the actions of H. pylori CGT to catalyze cellular cholesterol, which impedes bacterial binding to cells and attenuates subsequent inflammation, indicating that the initial attachment of H. pylori to cells is closely dependent on host cholesterol. These results provide evidence that CGT contributes to H. pylori infectivity and it may serve as a key target for the treatment of H. pylori-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yao Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yin Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ya Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsuan Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Hwai-Jeng Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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13
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Huang HT, Liaw CC, Chiou CT, Kuo YH, Lee KT. Triterpene Acids from Mesona procumbens Exert Anti-inflammatory Effects on LPS-Stimulated Murine Macrophages by Regulating the MAPK Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6271-6280. [PMID: 34039004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Five new triterpene acids, mesonaic acids A-C (1-3), 2α,3α,19α-trihydroxy-24-nor-4(23),12-oleanadien-28-oic acid (4), and 3α,19α,22α-trihydroxy-2-oxo-12-ursen-28-oic acid (5), and 10 known triterpene acid compounds (6-15) were isolated from a methanolic extract of Mesona procumbens. Triterpenes 1-3 possess unusual hexacyclic skeletons with a 13α,27-cyclopropane ring. Regarding their anti-inflammatory activity, compounds 1-3, 6, and 7 inhibited NO production with EC50 values lower than 15 μM, which were better than that of the positive control quercetin. Compounds 1-3, 6, and 7 markedly decreased levels of the inducible iNOS and COX-2 proteins in macrophages by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB through interference with the MAPK signaling pathway. Based on these data, compounds 1-3, 6, and 7 have great potential as NO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Tse Huang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Liaw
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Tang Chiou
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Haur Kuo
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Ta Lee
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Changes in the extracted amounts and seasonally variable constituents of Diospyros kaki at different growth stages. J Nat Med 2020; 75:105-115. [PMID: 33084985 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-020-01456-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Persimmon Calyx is a crude drug derived from the persistent calyx of mature fruit of Diospyros kaki Thunberg (Ebenaceae) and is used for the treatment of intractable hiccups. Although there are several reports on the isolation of constituents from Persimmon Calyx, its active constituents have not been elucidated. In this study, by focusing on the medicinal part of Persimmon Calyx, calyx on mature fruit of D. kaki, we examined the changes in the extraction amounts of 3 cultivars of D. kaki ('Hiratanenashi', 'Jiro', and 'Tonewase') to identify and quantify seasonally variable constituents during the maturation process by analysing their chemical compositions. We found that the extraction weight of the calyx, fruit of persimmons, and total tannin content in calyxes were significantly increased during maturation. Lupeol (1), betulinic acid (2), pomolic acid (3), ursolic acid (4), β-sitosterol (5), rotungenic acid (6), barbinervic acid (7), catechin (8), gallocatechin (9), and sucrose (10) were identified in the calyx of D. kaki. Compounds 1, 6, and 7 were isolated from Persimmon Calyx for the first time. Moreover, the isolated compounds (1-7) and their analogue (oleanolic acid) were quantitatively analysed, and the results showed that the amounts of 4 and oleanolic acid were reduced during maturation, whereas that of 2, 3, 6, and 7 were increased.
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Lazarus LS, Benninghoff AD, Berreau LM. Development of Triggerable, Trackable, and Targetable Carbon Monoxide Releasing Molecules. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:2273-2285. [PMID: 32929957 PMCID: PMC7654722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a gaseous signaling molecule produced in humans via the breakdown of heme in an O2-dependent reaction catalyzed by heme oxygenase enzymes. A long-lived species relative to other signaling molecules (e.g., NO, H2S), CO exerts its physiological effects via binding to low-valent transition metal centers in proteins and enzymes. Studies involving the administration of low doses of CO have shown its potential as a therapeutic agent to produce vasodilation, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and anticancer effects. In pursuit of developing tools to define better the role and therapeutic potential of CO, carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CORMs) were developed. To date, the vast majority of reported CORMs have been metal carbonyl complexes, with the most well-known being Ru2Cl4(CO)6 (CORM-2), Ru(CO)3Cl(glycinate) (CORM-3), and Mn(CO)4(S2CNMe(CH2CO2H)) (CORM-401). These complexes have been used to probe the effects of CO in hundreds of cell- and animal-based experiments. However, through recent investigations, it has become evident that these reagents exhibit complicated reactivity in biological environments. The interpretation of the effects produced by some of these complexes is obscured by protein binding, such that their formulation is not clear, and by CO leakage and potential redox activity. An additional weakness with regard to CORM-2 and CORM-3 is that these compounds cannot be tracked via fluorescence. Therefore, it is unclear where or when CO release occurs, which confounds the interpretation of experiments using these molecules. To address these weaknesses, our research team has pioneered the development of metal-free CORMs based on structurally tunable extended flavonol or quinolone scaffolds. In addition to being highly controlled, with CO release only occurring upon triggering with visible light (photoCORMs), these CO donors are trackable via fluorescence prior to CO release in cellular environments and can be targeted to specific cellular locations.In the Account, we highlight the development and application of a series of structurally related flavonol photoCORMs that (1) sense characteristics of cellular environments prior to CO release; (2) enable evaluation of the influence of cytosolic versus mitochondrial-localized CO release on cellular bioenergetics; (3) probe the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effects of intracellular versus extracellular CO delivery; and (4) demonstrate that albumin delivery of a photoCORM enables potent anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. A key advantage of using triggered CO release compounds in these investigations is the ability to examine the effects of the molecular delivery vehicle in the absence and presence of localized CO release, thus providing insight into the independent contributions of CO. Overall, flavonol-based CO delivery molecules offer opportunities for triggerable, trackable, and targetable CO delivery that are unprecedented in terms of previously reported CORMs and, thus, offer significant potential for applications in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia S Lazarus
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Abby D Benninghoff
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, 4815 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-4815, United States
| | - Lisa M Berreau
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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16
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Jung HG, Kim HH, Dey DK, Yu JM, Kim H, Cho YH, Jang JY, Park JY, Kang SC, An BJ. The Anti-inflammatory and Immune-Boosting Potential of Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside in LPS–Stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s43450-020-00027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Salaverry LS, Parrado AC, Mangone FM, Dobrecky CB, Flor SA, Lombardo T, Sotelo AD, Saccodossi N, Rugna AZ, Blanco G, Canellada A, Rey-Roldán EB. In vitro anti-inflammatory properties of Smilax campestris aqueous extract in human macrophages, and characterization of its flavonoid profile. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 247:112282. [PMID: 31604138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Extracts of Smilax campestris Griseb (Smilacaceae) have been employed in the treatment of several inflammatory diseases as a traditional herbal medicine. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the observed effects remain elusive. Macrophages are known to play a central role in inflammatory responses. These cells are activated in response to a diversity of danger signals and produce several mediators of inflammation that eventually regulate the immune response. For all the above mentioned, scientific evidence is required to support the popular use of S. campestris. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of S. campestris aqueous extract (SME) in activated THP-1 human macrophages, on the production of some mediators of inflammation and oxidative stress in order to provide scientific support for its popular use. MATERIALS AND METHODS The characterization of SME was assessed by HPLC-MS/MS. The production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was evaluated by ELISA. The activity of metalloproteases was evaluated by zymography. The subcellular localization of the NF-κB transcription factor was analysed by Western blot. The superoxide anion and glutathione levels were assessed by flow cytometry. The cytotoxicity induced by SME in THP-1 macrophages was also investigated by the LDH release test. RESULTS In the present study, we have identified catechin and glycosylated derivatives of quercetin (quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, rutin and quercetin-3-rhamnoside) as major components of the aqueous SME. We found that SME significantly decreased the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF)- α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and the activity of the metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages derived from the monocytic cell line THP-1. Furthermore, SME diminished the expression of NF-κB p65 subunit in the nuclear fraction. In addition, SME decreased the production of superoxide anion in THP-1 macrophages, without altering the levels of reduced glutathione. CONCLUSION These results suggest that SME exerts its anti-inflammatory effects in human activated macrophages by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases and the NF-κB transcription factor pathway along with a reduction of oxidative stress mediators. Moreover, catechin and glycosylated derivatives of were identified by HPLC-MS/MS in SME. Our findings provide scientific support for the traditional use of the S. campestris extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana S Salaverry
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Dr. R.A. Margni (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Argentina.
| | - Andrea C Parrado
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Dr. R.A. Margni (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Argentina.
| | - Franco M Mangone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Dr. R.A. Margni (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Argentina.
| | - Cecilia B Dobrecky
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Farmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Sabrina A Flor
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Argentina.
| | - Tomás Lombardo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Dr. R.A. Margni (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Argentina.
| | - Agustina D Sotelo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Natalia Saccodossi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ana Z Rugna
- Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Juan A. Fernández, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Guillermo Blanco
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Dr. R.A. Margni (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Argentina.
| | - Andrea Canellada
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Dr. R.A. Margni (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Argentina.
| | - Estela B Rey-Roldán
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Dr. R.A. Margni (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Argentina.
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Chauhan AK, Kim J, Lee Y, Balasubramanian PK, Kim Y. Isorhamnetin Has Potential for the Treatment of Escherichia coli-Induced Sepsis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213984. [PMID: 31689976 PMCID: PMC6864442 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Isorhamnetin is a flavonoid that is abundant in the fruit of Hippophae rhamnoides L. It is widely studied for its ability to modulate inflammatory responses. In this study, we evaluated the potential of isorhamnetin to prevent gram-negative sepsis. We investigated its efficacy using an Escherichia coli-induced sepsis model. Our study reveals that isorhamnetin treatment significantly enhances survival and reduces proinflammatory cytokine levels in the serum and lung tissue of E. coli-infected mice. Further, isorhamnetin treatment also significantly reduces the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine amino transferase and blood urea nitrogen, suggesting that it can improve liver and kidney function in infected mice. Docking studies reveal that isorhamnetin binds deep in the hydrophobic binding pocket of MD-2 via extensive hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding with Tyr102, preventing TLR4/MD-2 dimerization. Notably, binding and secreted alkaline phosphatase reporter gene assays show that isorhamnetin can interact directly with the TLR4/MD-2 complex, thus inhibiting the TLR4 cascade, which eventually causes systemic inflammation, resulting in death due to cytokine storms. We therefore presume that isorhamnetin could be a suitable therapeutic candidate to treat bacterial sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Chauhan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Yeongjoon Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Pavithra K Balasubramanian
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Yangmee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Tang J, Diao P, Shu X, Li L, Xiong L. Quercetin and Quercitrin Attenuates the Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress in LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Cells: In Vitro Assessment and a Theoretical Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7039802. [PMID: 31781635 PMCID: PMC6855062 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7039802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, atmospheric pollutants, ultraviolet rays, and other factors cause the imbalance of cell redox, resulting in skin oxidative damage. There is an interaction between inflammatory response and oxidative stress, which often involve networks of reactions and serve to amplify each other. Quercetin and quercitrin, with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, were widely applied in cardiovascular disease, osteoporsis, pulmonary disease, etc. However, the regulation mechanism of quercetin and quercitrin on various inflammatory skin diseases is still not clear. PURPOSE In this study, quercetin and quercitrin were used to investigate whether they had anti-inflammatory and anti-ROS effects. Besides, theoretical calculation method was also adopted to preliminarily explore the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of these two substances. METHODS CCK-8 assay was employed to investigate the cytotoxicity. The concentration of NO measured by Griess Reaction System. Moreover, the inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were reduced in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were tested by ELISA kits. The trend of ROS changes was detected by DCFH-DA method. Finally, the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of these two substances was carried out by DMol3 package in Materials Studio. RESULTS CCK-8 assay results guided that the safe concentration of quercetin and quercitrin was lower than 15.0 μg/mL and 22.4 μg/mL, respectively. Also, the concentration of NO could significantly be inhibited by quercetin and quercitrin. Besides, the ELISA results showed that TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were reduced in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells after interfering with quercetin and quercitrin. The trend of ROS changes was similar to that of inflammatory factors. Finally, the theoretical calculation illustrated that the oxygen atom on B rings may be the main site of electron cloud density changes, which may suggest a possible mechanism for the anti-inflammatory and ROS scavenging effects of quercetin and quercitrin. CONCLUSIONS This experiment shows that LPS can induce the overactivating of macrophages and the activated macrophages can subsequently induce inflammatory storms and oxidative stress. Both quercetin and quercitrin can inhibit LPS-induced macrophage inflammation and oxidative stress by experiment and theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 5, Gong Xing Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ping Diao
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaohong Shu
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 5, Gong Xing Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Li Li
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 5, Gong Xing Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lidan Xiong
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 5, Gong Xing Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Lazarus LS, Simons CR, Arcidiacono A, Benninghoff AD, Berreau LM. Extracellular vs Intracellular Delivery of CO: Does It Matter for a Stable, Diffusible Gasotransmitter? J Med Chem 2019; 62:9990-9995. [PMID: 31577143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a gasotransmitter produced in humans. An essential unanswered question in the design of carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CORMs) is whether the delivery molecule should be localized extra- or intracellularly to produce desired biological effects. Herein we show that extracellular CO release is less toxic and is sufficient to produce an anti-inflammatory effect similar to that of intracellular CO release at nanomolar concentrations. This information is valuable for the design of CORMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia S Lazarus
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322-0300 , United States
| | - Casey R Simons
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322-0300 , United States
| | - Ashley Arcidiacono
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32306-4390 , United States
| | - Abby D Benninghoff
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322-4815 , United States
| | - Lisa M Berreau
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Utah State University , Logan , Utah 84322-0300 , United States
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21
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Cano M, Guerrero-Castilla A, Nabavi SM, Ayala A, Argüelles S. Targeting pro-senescence mitogen activated protein kinase (Mapk) enzymes with bioactive natural compounds. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110544. [PMID: 31201898 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial universal process characterized by a gradual decrease in physiological and biochemical functions. Given that life expectancy is on the rise, a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of the aging process is necessary in order to develop anti-aging interventions. Uncontrolled cellular senescence promotes persistent inflammation and accelerates the aging process by decreasing tissue renewal, repair and regeneration. Senescence of immune cells, immunesenescence, is another hallmark of aging. Targeting pro-senescent enzymes increases survival and therefore the lifespan. Although the upregulation of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) enzymes in aging is still controversial, increasing evidence shows that dysregulation of those enzymes are associated with biological processes that contribute to aging such as irreversible senescence. In this manuscript components of the MAPK pathway will be summarized, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, as well as natural flavonoids, phenolic and diterpenoids with anti-senescence activity that shows positive effects on longevity and MAPK inhibition. Although more studies using additional aging models are needed, we suggest that these selected natural bioactive compounds that regulate MAPK enzymes and reduce senescent cells can be potentially used to improve longevity and prevent/treat age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Cano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antonio Ayala
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Sandro Argüelles
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
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Lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like, anxiogenic-like and hyperalgesic behavior is attenuated by acute administration of α-(phenylselanyl) acetophenone in mice. Neuropharmacology 2019; 146:128-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Shepherd's Purse Polyphenols Exert Its Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidative Effects Associated with Suppressing MAPK and NF- κB Pathways and Heme Oxygenase-1 Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7202695. [PMID: 30733853 PMCID: PMC6348798 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7202695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.), a wild herb as a traditional herbal medicine, has been proved with multiple healthy benefits. In this study, the chemical constituents of shepherd's purse were identified by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. The antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potential of shepherd's purse extract (SPE) were also investigated applying lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages and a carrageenan-induced mice paw edema model. Twenty-four chemical compounds were identified mainly including phenolic acids and flavonoids. The data also indicated SPE inhibited the productions of NO, PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-6 stimulated with LPS. In addition, SPE inhibited the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulated the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). We further found that SPE inhibited the phosphorylation of P38 MAPK and activation of NF-κB. In vivo mice model also indicated that SPE showed strong antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity.
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Cui S, Wu Q, Wang J, Li M, Qian J, Li S. Quercetin inhibits LPS-induced macrophage migration by suppressing the iNOS/FAK/paxillin pathway and modulating the cytoskeleton. Cell Adh Migr 2018; 13:1-12. [PMID: 29945484 PMCID: PMC6527387 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2018.1486142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural flavonoid quercetin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. We investigated the effect of quercetin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage migration. Quercetin significantly attenuated LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-derived nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells without affecting their viability. Additionally, quercetin altered the cell size and induced an elongated morphology and enlarged the vacuoles and concentrated nuclei. Quercetin significantly disrupted the F-actin cytoskeleton structure. Furthermore, quercetin strongly inhibited LPS-induced macrophage adhesion and migration in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, quercetin inhibited the LPS-induced expression of p-FAK, p-paxillin, FAK, and paxillin as well as the cytoskeletal adapter proteins vinculin and Tensin-2. Therefore, quercetin suppresses LPS-induced migration by inhibiting NO production, disrupting the F-actin cytoskeleton, and suppressing the FAK–paxillin pathway. Quercetin may thus have potential as a therapeutic agent for chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuna Cui
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases , Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , China.,b Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , China.,c Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou , China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases , Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , China
| | - Juan Wang
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases , Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , China
| | - Min Li
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases , Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , China
| | - Jing Qian
- a Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases , Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , China.,b Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , China
| | - Shihua Li
- b Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , China
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Kunnumakkara AB, Sailo BL, Banik K, Harsha C, Prasad S, Gupta SC, Bharti AC, Aggarwal BB. Chronic diseases, inflammation, and spices: how are they linked? J Transl Med 2018; 16:14. [PMID: 29370858 PMCID: PMC5785894 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive research within the last several decades has revealed that the major risk factors for most chronic diseases are infections, obesity, alcohol, tobacco, radiation, environmental pollutants, and diet. It is now well established that these factors induce chronic diseases through induction of inflammation. However, inflammation could be either acute or chronic. Acute inflammation persists for a short duration and is the host defense against infections and allergens, whereas the chronic inflammation persists for a long time and leads to many chronic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, respiratory diseases, etc. Numerous lines of evidence suggest that the aforementioned risk factors induced cancer through chronic inflammation. First, transcription factors NF-κB and STAT3 that regulate expression of inflammatory gene products, have been found to be constitutively active in most cancers; second, chronic inflammation such as pancreatitis, prostatitis, hepatitis etc. leads to cancers; third, activation of NF-κB and STAT3 leads to cancer cell proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis; fourth, activation of NF-κB and STAT3 leads to resistance to chemotherapy and radiation, and hypoxia and acidic conditions activate these transcription factors. Therefore, targeting these pathways may provide opportunities for both prevention and treatment of cancer and other chronic diseases. We will discuss in this review the potential of various dietary agents such as spices and its components in the suppression of inflammatory pathways and their roles in the prevention and therapy of cancer and other chronic diseases. In fact, epidemiological studies do indicate that cancer incidence in countries such as India where spices are consumed daily is much lower (94/100,000) than those where spices are not consumed such as United States (318/100,000), suggesting the potential role of spices in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
| | - Bethsebie L Sailo
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Sahdeo Prasad
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Subash Chandra Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Alok Chandra Bharti
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
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Kim MJ, Park HR, Shin TY, Kim SH. Diospyros kaki calyx inhibits immediate-type hypersensitivity via the reduction of mast cell activation. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1946-1953. [PMID: 28724321 PMCID: PMC6130575 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1354386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Diospyros kaki L. (Ebenaceae) fruit is widely distributed in Asia and is known to exert anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the inhibitory effect of aqueous extract of D. kaki calyx (AEDKC) on mast cell-mediated immediate-type hypersensitivity and underlying mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS For in vivo, ovalbumin (OVA)-induced active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) and immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) models were used. In the ASA, AEDKC (1-100 mg/kg) was orally administered 3 times during 14 days. In the PCA, AEDKC was orally treated 1 h before the antigen challenge. The control drug dexamethasone was used to compare the effectiveness of AEDKC. For in vitro, IgE-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells and primary cultured peritoneal mast cells were used to determine the role of AEDKC (0.01-1 mg/mL). RESULTS Oral administration of AEDKC dose dependently suppressed rectal temperature decrease and increases in serum histamine, total IgE, OVA-specific IgE, and interleukin (IL)-4 in the ASA. In the PCA, AEDKC reduced Evans blue pigmentation. Compared to dexamethasone (10 mg/kg), AEDKC (100 mg/kg) showed similar inhibitory effects in vivo. AEDKC concentration dependently suppressed the release of histamine and β-hexosaminidase through the reduction of intracellular calcium in mast cells. In addition, AEDKC decreased the expression and secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α and IL-4 by the reduction of nuclear factor-κB. The inhibitory potential of AEDKC (1 mg/mL) was similar with dexamethasone (10 μM) in vitro. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that AEDKC may be a potential candidate for the treatment of mast cell-mediated allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jong Kim
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Ran Park
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Park SB, Park GH, Song HM, Son HJ, Um Y, Kim HS, Jeong JB. Anticancer activity of calyx of Diospyros kaki Thunb. through downregulation of cyclin D1 via inducing proteasomal degradation and transcriptional inhibition in human colorectal cancer cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:445. [PMID: 28870200 PMCID: PMC5584323 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1954-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it has been reported to contain high polyphenols, the pharmacological studies of the calyx of Diospyros kaki Thunb (DKC) have not been elucidated in detail. In this study, we elucidated anti-cancer activity and potential molecular mechanism of DKC against human colorectal cancer cells. METHODS Anti-cell proliferative effect of 70% ethanol extracts from the calyx of Diospyros kaki (DKC-E70) was evaluated by MTT assay. The effect of DKC-E70 on the expression of cyclin D1 in the protein and mRNA level was evaluated by Western blot and RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS DKC-E70 suppressed the proliferation of human colorectal cancer cell lines such as HCT116, SW480, LoVo and HT-29. Although DKC-E70 decreased cyclin D1 expression in protein and mRNA level, decreased level of cyclin D1 protein by DKC-E70 occurred at the earlier time than that of cyclin D1 mRNA, which indicates that DKC-E70-mediated downregulation of cyclin D1 protein may be a consequence of the induction of degradation and transcriptional inhibition of cyclin D1. In cyclin D1 degradation, we found that cyclin D1 downregulation by DKC-E70 was attenuated in presence of MG132. In addition, DKC-E70 phosphorylated threonine-286 (T286) of cyclin D1 and T286A abolished cyclin D1 downregulation by DKC-E70. We also observed that DKC-E70-mediated T286 phosphorylation and subsequent cyclin D1 degradation was blocked in presence of the inhibitors of ERK1/2, p38 or GSK3β. In cyclin D1 transcriptional inhibition, DKC-E70 inhibited the expression of β-catenin and TCF4, and β-catenin/TCF-dependent luciferase activity. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that DKC-E70 may downregulate cyclin D1 as one of the potential anti-cancer targets through cyclin D1 degradation by T286 phosphorylation dependent on ERK1/2, p38 or GSK3β, and cyclin D1 transcriptional inhibition through Wnt signaling. From these findings, DKC-E70 has potential to be a candidate for the development of chemoprevention or therapeutic agents for human colorectal cancer.
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An overview of dermatological and cosmeceutical benefits of Diospyros kaki and its phytoconstituents. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Probucol attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced leukocyte recruitment and inflammatory hyperalgesia: effect on NF-кB activation and cytokine production. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 809:52-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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