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Yang Q, Bai Y, Liu S, Han X, Liu T, Ma D, Mao J. Multicopper Oxidase from Lactobacillus hilgardii: Mechanism of Degradation of Tyramine and Phenylethylamine in Fermented Food. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:17465-17480. [PMID: 39046216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Elevated levels of biogenic amines (BAs) in fermented food can have negative effects on both the flavor and health. Mining enzymes that degrade BAs is an effective strategy for controlling their content. The study screened a strain of Lactobacillus hilgardii 1614 from fermented food system that can degrade BAs. The multiple copper oxidase genes LHMCO1614 were successfully mined after the whole genome protein sequences of homologous strains were clustered and followed by homology modeling. The enzyme molecules can interact with BAs to stabilize composite structures for catalytic degradation, as shown by molecular docking results. Ingeniously, the kinetic data showed that purified LHMCO1614 was less sensitive to the substrate inhibition of tyramine and phenylethylamine. The degradation rates of tyramine and phenylethylamine in huangjiu (18% vol) after adding LHMCO1614 were 41.35 and 40.21%, respectively. Furthermore, LHMCO1614 demonstrated universality in degrading tyramine and phenylethylamine present in other fermented foods as well. HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis revealed that, except for aldehydes, the addition of enzyme treatment did not significantly alter the levels of major flavor compounds in enzymatically treated fermented foods (p > 0.05). This study presents an enzymatic approach for regulating tyramine and phenylethylamine levels in fermented foods with potential applications both targeted and universal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yitao Bai
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuangping Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Han
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongna Ma
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Mao
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
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Guo E, Zhao L, Li Z, Chen L, Li J, Lu F, Wang F, Lu K, Liu Y. Biodegradation of bisphenol A by a Pichia pastoris whole-cell biocatalyst with overexpression of laccase from Bacillus pumilus and investigation of its potential degradation pathways. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134779. [PMID: 38850935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupter with estrogen activity, can infiltrate animal and human bodies through the food chain. Enzymatic degradation of BPA holds promise as an environmentally friendly approach while it is limited due to lower stability and recycling challenges. In this study, laccase from Bacillus pumilus TCCC 11568 was expressed in Pichia pastoris (fLAC). The optimal catalytic conditions for fLAC were at pH 6.0 and 80 °C, with a half-life T1/2 of 120 min at 70 °C. fLAC achieved a 46 % degradation rate of BPA, and possible degradation pathways were proposed based on identified products and reported intermediates of BPA degradation. To improve its stability and degradation capacity, a whole-cell biocatalyst (WCB) was developed by displaying LAC (dLAC) on the surface of P. pastoris GS115. The functionally displayed LAC demonstrated enhanced thermostability and pH stability along with an improved BPA degradation ability, achieving a 91 % degradation rate. Additionally, dLAC maintained a degradation rate of over 50 % after the fourth successive cycles. This work provides a powerful catalyst for degrading BPA, which might decontaminate endocrine disruptor-contaminated water through nine possible pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Fenghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Kui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Yihan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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Bian L, Zhang S, Chang T, Zhang J, Zhang C. Engineering Site 228 of Streptomyces coelicolor Laccase for Optimizing Catalytic Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6019-6027. [PMID: 38447069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Malachite green (MG) poses a formidable threat to ecosystems and human health. Laccase emerges as a promising candidate for MG degradation, prompting an investigation into the catalytic activity modulation of a small laccase (SLAC) from Streptomyces coelicolor, with a focus on amino acid position 228. Through saturation mutagenesis, five mutants with a 50% increase in the specific activity were generated. Characterization revealed notable properties, Km of E228F was 8.8% of the wild type (WT), and E288T exhibited a 133% kcat compared to WT. Structural analyses indicated improved hydrophobicity and electrostatic potential on the mutants' surfaces, with the stable E228F-ABTS complex exhibiting reduced flexibility, possibly contributing to the observed decrease in turnover rate. Mutants demonstrated enhanced MG decolorization, particularly E228G. Site 228 acts as a crucial functional control switch, suggesting its potential role in SLAC engineering. This study provides insights into laccase modulation and offers promising avenues for enzymatic bioremediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Bian
- Laboratory of Food Industrial Enzyme Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Silu Zhang
- Laboratory of Food Industrial Enzyme Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Chang
- Laboratory of Food Industrial Enzyme Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Jiacheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Food Industrial Enzyme Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Laboratory of Food Industrial Enzyme Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
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Sharan AA, Bellemare A, DiFalco M, Tsang A, Vuong TV, Edwards EA, Master ER. Functional screening pipeline to uncover laccase-like multicopper oxidase enzymes that transform industrial lignins. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130084. [PMID: 38000639 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Laccase-like multicopper oxidases are recognized for their potential to alter the reactivity of lignins for application in value-added products. Typically, model compounds are employed to discover such enzymes; however, they do not represent the complexity of industrial lignin substrates. In this work, a screening pipeline was developed to test enzymes simultaneously on model compounds and industrial lignins. A total of 12 lignin-active fungal multicopper oxidases were discovered, including 9 enzymes active under alkaline conditions (pH 11.0). Principal component analysis revealed the poor ability of model compounds to predict enzyme performance on industrial lignins. Additionally, sequence similarity analyses grouped these enzymes with Auxiliary Activity-1 sub-families with few previously characterized members, underscoring their taxonomic novelty. Correlation between the lignin-activity of these enzymes and their taxonomic origin, however, was not observed. These are critical insights to bridge the gap between enzyme discovery and application for industrial lignin valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama A Sharan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Annie Bellemare
- Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marcos DiFalco
- Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Adrian Tsang
- Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Thu V Vuong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Edwards
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Emma R Master
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Finland.
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Kolyadenko I, Tishchenko S, Gabdulkhakov A. Structural Insight into the Amino Acid Environment of the Two-Domain Laccase's Trinuclear Copper Cluster. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11909. [PMID: 37569288 PMCID: PMC10419308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Laccases are industrially relevant enzymes. However, their range of applications is limited by their functioning and stability. Most of the currently known laccases function in acidic conditions at temperatures below 60 °C, but two-domain laccases (2D) oxidize some substrates in alkaline conditions and above 70 °C. In this study, we aim to establish the structural factors affecting the alkaline activity of the 2D laccase from Streptomyces griseoflavus (SgfSL). The range of methods used allowed us to show that the alkaline activity of SgfSL is influenced by the polar residues located close to the trinuclear center (TNC). Structural and functional studies of the SgfSL mutants Met199Ala/Asp268Asn and Met199Gly/Asp268Asn revealed that the substitution Asp268Asn (11 Å from the TNC) affects the orientation of the Asn261 (the second coordination sphere of the TNC), resulting in hydrogen-bond-network reorganization, which leads to a change in the SgfSL-activity pH profile. The combination of the Met199Gly/Arg240His and Asp268Asn substitutions increased the efficiency (kcat/KM) of the 2,6-DMP oxidation by 34-fold compared with the SgfSL. Our results extend the knowledge about the structure and functioning of 2D laccases' TNC active sites and open up new possibilities for the directed engineering of laccases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Kolyadenko
- Institute of Protein Research RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (S.T.); (A.G.)
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Discovery of lignin-transforming bacteria and enzymes in thermophilic environments using stable isotope probing. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:1944-1956. [PMID: 35501417 PMCID: PMC9296663 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing microorganisms and enzymes involved in lignin biodegradation in thermal ecosystems can identify thermostable biocatalysts. We integrated stable isotope probing (SIP), genome-resolved metagenomics, and enzyme characterization to investigate the degradation of high-molecular weight, 13C-ring-labeled synthetic lignin by microbial communities from moderately thermophilic hot spring sediment (52 °C) and a woody "hog fuel" pile (53 and 62 °C zones). 13C-Lignin degradation was monitored using IR-GCMS of 13CO2, and isotopic enrichment of DNA was measured with UHLPC-MS/MS. Assembly of 42 metagenomic libraries (72 Gb) yielded 344 contig bins, from which 125 draft genomes were produced. Fourteen genomes were significantly enriched with 13C from lignin, including genomes of Actinomycetes (Thermoleophilaceae, Solirubrobacteraceae, Rubrobacter sp.), Firmicutes (Kyrpidia sp., Alicyclobacillus sp.) and Gammaproteobacteria (Steroidobacteraceae). We employed multiple approaches to screen genomes for genes encoding putative ligninases and pathways for aromatic compound degradation. Our analysis identified several novel laccase-like multi-copper oxidase (LMCO) genes in 13C-enriched genomes. One of these LMCOs was heterologously expressed and shown to oxidize lignin model compounds and minimally transformed lignin. This study elucidated bacterial lignin depolymerization and mineralization in thermal ecosystems, establishing new possibilities for the efficient valorization of lignin at elevated temperature.
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7
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Structural Properties, Genomic Distribution of Laccases from Streptomyces and Their Potential Applications. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Zovo K, Pupart H, Van Wieren A, Gillilan RE, Huang Q, Majumdar S, Lukk T. Substitution of the Methionine Axial Ligand of the T1 Copper for the Fungal-like Phenylalanine Ligand (M298F) Causes Local Structural Perturbations that Lead to Thermal Instability and Reduced Catalytic Efficiency of the Small Laccase from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:6184-6194. [PMID: 35224382 PMCID: PMC8867573 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many industrial processes operate at elevated temperatures or within broad pH and salinity ranges. However, the utilization of enzymes to carry out biocatalysis in such processes is often impractical or even impossible. Laccases (EC 1.10.3.2), which constitute a large family of multicopper oxidases, have long been used in the industrial setting. Although fungal laccases are in many respects considered superior to their bacterial counterparts, the bacterial laccases have been receiving greater attention recently. Albeit lower in redox potential than fungal laccases, bacterial laccases are commonly thermally more stable, act within broader pH ranges, do not contain posttranslational modifications, and could therefore serve as a high potential scaffold for directed evolution for the production of enzymes with enhanced properties. Several examples focusing on the axial ligand mutations of the T1 copper site have been published in the past. However, structural evidence on the local and global changes induced by those mutations have thus far been of computational nature only. In this study, we set out to structurally and kinetically characterize a few of the most commonly reported axial ligand mutations of a bacterial small laccase (SLAC) from Streptomyces coelicolor. While one of the mutations (Met to Leu) equips the enzyme with better thermal stability, the other (Met to Phe) induces an opposite effect. These mutations cause local structural rearrangement of the T1 site as demonstrated by X-ray crystallography. Our analysis confirms past findings that for SLACs, single point mutations that change the identity of the axial ligand of the T1 copper are not enough to provide a substantial increase in the catalytic efficiency but can in some cases have a detrimental effect on the enzyme's thermal stability parameters instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairit Zovo
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn
University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Hegne Pupart
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn
University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Arie Van Wieren
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physics and Engineering, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania 15705, United States
| | - Richard E. Gillilan
- MacCHESS
(Macromolecular Diffraction Facility at CHESS), Cornell University, 161 Synchrotron Drive, Ithaca, New York 14850, United
States
| | - Qingqiu Huang
- MacCHESS
(Macromolecular Diffraction Facility at CHESS), Cornell University, 161 Synchrotron Drive, Ithaca, New York 14850, United
States
| | - Sudipta Majumdar
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Physics and Engineering, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania 15705, United States
| | - Tiit Lukk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn
University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
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Decolorization of Textile Dye by Spore Surface Displayed Small Laccase for the Enhanced Thermal Stability and Robust Repeated Reaction. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022; 27:930-937. [PMID: 36593775 PMCID: PMC9798364 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we tried to decolorize synthetic dyes using small laccase (SLAC) from Streptomyces coelicolor, which is resistant to pH, temperature change, and traditional inhibitors for the actual industrial applications using spore surface display system. We inserted SLAC-His6 tag at the C-terminal of CotE anchoring motif. The proper surface expression of CotE-SLAC fusion protein on the surface of Bacillus subtilis spore was verified with flow cytometry using FITC labeled anti-His6 tag antibody. After 6 h of reaction, more than 90% of Indigo carmine was decomposed using recombinant SLAC displaying Bacillus spore, whereas less than 10% of Indigo carmine was decomposed with wild type spore. Over 70% of laccase activity was retained with recombinant SLAC displaying spore, which was heat-treated for 3 h at 90°C. For eight rounds of repeated decomposition of Indigo carmine, no significant decrease of enzymatic activity was observed. This showed the robust characteristics of spore display format for repeated and harsh condition reactions.
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Santo AAE, Lazaroti VHR, Feliciano GT. Multidimensional redox potential/p Ka coupling in multicopper oxidases from molecular dynamics: implications for the proton transfer mechanism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:27348-27354. [PMID: 34854859 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03095g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bilirubin oxidases (BOD) are metalloenzymes that catalyze the conversion of O2 and bilirubin to biliverdin and water in the metabolism of chlorophyll and porphyrin. In this work we have used the CpHMD method to analyze the effects of the different oxidation states on the BOD trinuclear cluster (TNC). Our results demonstrate that there is a link between the different oxidation states of copper ions and the protonation capacity of nearby titratable residues. Each configuration affects pKa differently, creating proton gradients within the enzyme that act in an extremely orderly manner. This order is closely linked to the catalytic mechanism and leads us to the conclusion of the entry of the O2 molecule and its reduction in water molecules is associated with the probability of the release of protons from nearby acid groups. With this information, we deduce that under the initial reaction conditions the acidic side chains of nearby residues can be protonated; this allows the enzyme to reduce the activation energy of the reaction by coupling the proton transfer to oxidation state changes in the metallic center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson A E Santo
- Enginerring, Physics and Mathematics Department, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, Brazil.
| | - Vitor Hugo R Lazaroti
- Enginerring, Physics and Mathematics Department, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo T Feliciano
- Enginerring, Physics and Mathematics Department, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, Brazil.
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12
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Al-Sahari M, Al-Gheethi A, Radin Mohamed RMS, Noman E, Naushad M, Rizuan MB, Vo DVN, Ismail N. Green approach and strategies for wastewater treatment using bioelectrochemical systems: A critical review of fundamental concepts, applications, mechanism, and future trends. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131373. [PMID: 34265718 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Millions of litters of multifarious wastewater are directly disposed into the environment annually to reduce the processing costs leading to eutrophication and destroying the clean water sources. The bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) have recently received significant attention from researchers due to their ability to convert waste into energy and their high efficiency of wastewater treatment. However, most of the performed researches of the BESs have focused on energy generation, which created a literature gap on the utilization of BESs for wastewater treatment. The review highlights this gap from various aspects, including the BESs trends, fundamentals, applications, and mechanisms. A different review approach has followed in the present work using a bibliometric review (BR) which defined the literature gap of BESs publications in the degradation process section and linked the systematic review (SR) with it to prove and review the finding systematically. The degradation mechanisms of the BESs have been illustrated comprehensively in the current work, and various suggestions have been provided for supporting future studies and cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Sahari
- Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Faculty of Civil Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, 86400, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Adel Al-Gheethi
- Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Faculty of Civil Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, 86400, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed
- Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Faculty of Civil Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, 86400, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Efaq Noman
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, Taiz, 00967, Yemen; Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Pagoh Higher Education Hub, KM 1, Jalan Panchor, Panchor, 84000, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - M Naushad
- Advanced Materials Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohd Baharudin Rizuan
- Micropollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Faculty of Civil Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, 86400, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE@GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam; College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Norli Ismail
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Peneng, Malaysia
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Qin X, Xin Y, Zou J, Su X, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhang J, Tu T, Yao B, Luo H, Huang H. Efficient Degradation of Aflatoxin B 1 and Zearalenone by Laccase-like Multicopper Oxidase from Streptomyces thermocarboxydus in the Presence of Mediators. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:754. [PMID: 34822538 PMCID: PMC8621583 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicopper oxidases (MCOs) are a diverse group of enzymes that could catalyze the oxidation of different xenobiotic compounds, with simultaneous reduction in oxygen to water. Aside from laccase, one member of the MCO superfamily has shown great potential in the biodegradation of mycotoxins; however, the mycotoxin degradation ability of other MCOs is uncertain. In this study, a novel MCO-encoding gene, StMCO, from Streptomyces thermocarboxydus, was identified, cloned, and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant StMCO exhibited the characteristic blue color and bivalent copper ion-dependent enzyme activity. It was capable of oxidizing the model substrate ABTS, phenolic compound DMP, and azo dye RB5. Notably, StMCO could directly degrade aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEN) in the absence of mediators. Meanwhile, the presence of various lignin unit-derived natural mediators or ABTS could significantly accelerate the degradation of AFB1 and ZEN by StMCO. Furthermore, the biological toxicities of their corresponding degradation products, AFQ1 and 13-OH-ZEN-quinone, were remarkably decreased. Our findings suggested that efficient degradation of mycotoxins with mediators might be a common feature of the MCOs superfamily. In summary, the unique properties of MCOs make them good candidates for degrading multiple major mycotoxins in contaminated feed and food.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Huiying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.Q.); (Y.X.); (J.Z.); (X.S.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (T.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Huoqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (X.Q.); (Y.X.); (J.Z.); (X.S.); (X.W.); (Y.W.); (J.Z.); (T.T.); (B.Y.)
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14
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Yang C, Ma L, Wang X, Xing Y, Lü X. A Novel Polyphenol Oxidoreductase OhLac from Ochrobactrum sp. J10 for Lignin Degradation. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:694166. [PMID: 34671322 PMCID: PMC8521193 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.694166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the enzymes involved in lignin degradation by bacteria is important in studying lignin valorization to produce renewable chemical products. In this paper, the catalytic oxidation of lignin by a novel multi-copper polyphenol oxidoreductase (OhLac) from the lignin degrader Ochrobactrum sp. J10 was explored. Following its expression, reconstitution, and purification, a recombinant enzyme OhLac was obtained. The OhLac enzyme was characterized kinetically against a range of substrates, including ABTS, guaiacol, and 2,6-DMP. Moreover, the effects of pH, temperature, and Cu2+ on OhLac activity and stability were determined. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) results indicated that the β-aryl ether lignin model compound guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether (GGE) was oxidized by OhLac to generate guaiacol and vanillic acid. Molecular docking analysis of GGE and OhLac was then used to examine the significant amino residues and hydrogen bonding sites in the substrate–enzyme interaction. Altogether, we were able to investigate the mechanisms involved in lignin degradation. The breakdown of the lignocellulose materials wheat straw, corn stalk, and switchgrass by the recombinant OhLac was observed over 3 days, and the degradation results revealed that OhLac plays a key role in lignin degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxian Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lingling Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuqi Xing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xin Lü
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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15
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Novel Transaminase and Laccase from Streptomyces spp. Using Combined Identification Approaches. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11080919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three Streptomyces sp. strains with a multitude of target enzymatic activities confirmed by functional screening, namely BV129, BV286 and BV333, were subjected to genome sequencing aiming at the annotation of genes of interest, in-depth bioinformatics characterization and functional expression of the biocatalysts. A whole-genome shotgun sequencing followed by de novo genome assembly and annotation was performed revealing genomes of 6.4, 9.4 and 7.3 Mbp, respectively. Functional annotation of the proteins of interest resulted in between 2047 and 2763 putative targets. Among the various enzymatic activities that the three Streptomyces strains demonstrated to produce by functional screening, we focused our attention on transaminases (TAs) and laccases due to their high biocatalytic potential. Bioinformatics search allowed the identification of a putative TA from Streptomyces sp. BV333 as a potentially novel broad substrate scope TA and a putative laccase from Streptomyces sp. BV286 as potentially novel blue multicopper oxidase. The two sequences were cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli and the two novel enzymes, transaminase Sbv333-TA and laccase Sbv286-LAC, were characterized. Interestingly, both enzymes resulted to be exceptionally thermostable, Sbv333-TA showing a melting temperature (TM = 85 °C) only slightly lower compared to the TM of the most thermostable transaminases described to date (87–88 °C) and Sbv286-LAC being even thermoactivated at temperature >60 °C. Moreover, Sbv333-TA showed a broad substrate scope and remarkably demonstrated to be active in the transamination of β-ketoesters, which are rarely accepted by currently known TAs. On the other hand, Sbv286-LAC showed an improved activity in the presence of the cosolvent acetonitrile. Overall, it was shown that a combination of approaches from standard microbiological and biochemical screens to genome sequencing and analysis is required to afford novel and functional biocatalysts.
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16
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Trubitsina LI, Lisov AV, Belova OV, Trubitsin IV, Demin VV, Konstantinov AI, Zavarzina AG, Leontievsky AA. Transformation of low molecular compounds and soil humic acid by two domain laccase of Streptomyces puniceus in the presence of ferulic and caffeic acids. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239005. [PMID: 32946485 PMCID: PMC7500650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The two-domain bacterial laccases oxidize substrates at alkaline pH. The role of natural phenolic compounds in the oxidation of substrates by the enzyme is poorly understood. We have studied the role of ferulic and caffeic acids in the transformation of low molecular weight substrates and of soil humic acid (HA) by two-domain laccase of Streptomyces puniceus (SpSL, previously undescribed). A gene encoding a two-domain laccase was cloned from S. puniceus and over-expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography to an electrophoretically homogeneous state. The enzyme showed high thermal stability, alkaline pH optimum for the oxidation of phenolic substrates and an acidic pH optimum for the oxidation of K4[Fe(CN)6] (potassium ferrocyanide) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt). Phenolic compounds were oxidized with lower efficiency than K4[Fe(CN)6] and ABTS. The SpSL did not oxidize 3.4-dimethoxybenzoic alcohol and p-hydroxybenzoic acid neither in the absence of phenolic acids nor in their presence. The enzyme polymerized HA-the amount of its high molecular weight fraction (>80 kDa) increased at the expense of low MW fraction (10 kDa). The addition of phenolic acids as potential mediators did not cause the destruction of HA by SpSL. In the absence of the HA, the enzyme polymerized caffeic and ferulic acids to macromolecular fractions (>80 kDa and 10-12 kDa). The interaction of SpSL with HA in the presence of phenolic acids caused an increase in the amount of HA high MW fraction and a two-fold increase in the molecular weight of its low MW fraction (from 10 to 20 kDa), suggesting a cross-coupling reaction. Infrared and solution-state 1H-NMR spectroscopy revealed an increase in the aromaticity of HA after its interaction with phenolic acids. The results of the study expand our knowledge on the transformation of natural substrates by two-domain bacterial laccases and indicate a potentially important role of the enzyme in the formation of soil organic matter (SOM) at alkaline pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov I. Trubitsina
- G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPhM RAS), Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Lisov
- G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPhM RAS), Pushchino, Russia
| | - Oxana V. Belova
- G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPhM RAS), Pushchino, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Trubitsin
- G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPhM RAS), Pushchino, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Demin
- Faculty of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Anna G. Zavarzina
- Faculty of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Leontievsky
- G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPhM RAS), Pushchino, Russia
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17
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Kwiatos N, Jędrzejczak-Krzepkowska M, Krzemińska A, Delavari A, Paneth P, Bielecki S. Evolved Fusarium oxysporum laccase expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3244. [PMID: 32094483 PMCID: PMC7039978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum laccase was functionally expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and engineered towards higher expression levels and higher reactivity towards 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, that could be used as a mediator for lignin modification. A combination of classical culture optimization and protein engineering led to around 30 times higher activity in the culture supernatant. The winner mutant exhibited three times lower Km, four times higher kcat and ten times higher catalytic efficiency than the parental enzyme. The strategy for laccase engineering was composed of a combination of random methods with a rational approach based on QM/MM MD studies of the enzyme complex with 2,6-dimethoxyphenol. Laccase mediator system with 2,6-dimethoxyphenol caused fulvic acids release from biosolubilized coal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kwiatos
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marzena Jędrzejczak-Krzepkowska
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krzemińska
- Institute of Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 219, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Paneth
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wróblewskiego 15, 93-590, Lodz, Poland
| | - Stanisław Bielecki
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924, Lodz, Poland.
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18
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Almeida EL, Carrillo Rincón AF, Jackson SA, Dobson ADW. In silico Screening and Heterologous Expression of a Polyethylene Terephthalate Hydrolase (PETase)-Like Enzyme (SM14est) With Polycaprolactone (PCL)-Degrading Activity, From the Marine Sponge-Derived Strain Streptomyces sp. SM14. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2187. [PMID: 31632361 PMCID: PMC6779837 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastics, such as the polyethylene terephthalate (PET), are widely used for various industrial applications, due to their physicochemical properties which are particularly useful in the packaging industry. However, due to improper plastic waste management and difficulties in recycling, post-consumer plastic waste has become a pressing issue for both the environment and for human health. Hence, novel technologies and methods of processing plastic waste are required to address these issues. Enzymatic-assisted hydrolysis of synthetic polymers has been proposed as a potentially more efficient and environment-friendly alternative to the currently employed methods. Recently, a number of PET hydrolases have been described, and in particular a PETase derived from Ideonella sakaiensis 201-F6 (IsPETase), which appears to be the most efficient and substrate-specific bacterial PET hydrolase enzyme discovered to date. In order to further investigate this class of PETase-like enzymes, we employed an in silico-based screening approach on the biotechnologically relevant genus Streptomyces, including terrestrial and marine isolates; in a search for potential PETase homologs. From a total of 52 genomes analyzed, we were able to identify three potential PETase-like enzymes, all of which were derived from marine-sponge associated Streptomyces isolates. A candidate PETase-like gene (SM14est) was identified in Streptomyces sp. SM14. Further in silico characterization of the SM14est protein sequence and its predicted three-dimensional structure were performed and compared to the well-characterized IsPETase. Both the serine hydrolase motif Gly-x1-Ser-x2-Gly and the catalytic triad Ser, Asp, His are conserved in both sequences. Molecular docking experiments indicated that the SM14est enzyme possessed the capacity to bind plastics as substrates. Finally, polyesterase activity was confirmed using a polycaprolactone (PCL) plate clearing assay which is a model substrate for the degradation of plastics; following heterologous expression of SM14est in Escherichia coli, with secretion being facilitated by the native Streptomyces signal peptide. These findings provide further insights into this important class of PETase-like enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen A Jackson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan D W Dobson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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19
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Identification and Characterization of New Laccase Biocatalysts from Pseudomonas Species Suitable for Degradation of Synthetic Textile Dyes. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9070629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccases are multicopper-oxidases with variety of biotechnological applications. While predominantly used, fungal laccases have limitations such as narrow pH and temperature range and their production via heterologous protein expression is more complex due to posttranslational modifications. In comparison, bacterial enzymes, including laccases, usually possess higher thermal and pH stability, and are more suitable for expression and genetic manipulations in bacterial expression hosts. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify, recombinantly express, and characterize novel laccases from Pseudomonas spp. A combination of approaches including DNA sequence analysis, N-terminal protein sequencing, and genome sequencing data analysis for laccase amplification, cloning, and overexpression have been used. Four active recombinant laccases were obtained, one each from P. putida KT2440 and P. putida CA-3, and two from P. putida F6. The new laccases exhibited broad temperature and pH range and high thermal stability, as well as the potential to degrade selection of synthetic textile dyes. The best performing laccase was CopA from P. putida F6 which degraded five out of seven tested dyes, including Amido Black 10B, Brom Cresol Purple, Evans Blue, Reactive Black 5, and Remazol Brilliant Blue. This work highlighted species of Pseudomonas genus as still being good sources of biocatalytically relevant enzymes.
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20
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Aumala V, Mollerup F, Jurak E, Blume F, Karppi J, Koistinen AE, Schuiten E, Voß M, Bornscheuer U, Deska J, Master ER. Biocatalytic Production of Amino Carbohydrates through Oxidoreductase and Transaminase Cascades. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:848-857. [PMID: 30589228 PMCID: PMC6519198 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived carbohydrates are an abundant renewable resource. Transformation of carbohydrates into new products, including amine-functionalized building blocks for biomaterials applications, can lower reliance on fossil resources. Herein, biocatalytic production routes to amino carbohydrates, including oligosaccharides, are demonstrated. In each case, two-step biocatalysis was performed to functionalize d-galactose-containing carbohydrates by employing the galactose oxidase from Fusarium graminearum or a pyranose dehydrogenase from Agaricus bisporus followed by the ω-transaminase from Chromobacterium violaceum (Cvi-ω-TA). Formation of 6-amino-6-deoxy-d-galactose, 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-galactose, and 2-amino-2-deoxy-6-aldo-d-galactose was confirmed by mass spectrometry. The activity of Cvi-ω-TA was highest towards 6-aldo-d-galactose, for which the highest yield of 6-amino-6-deoxy-d-galactose (67 %) was achieved in reactions permitting simultaneous oxidation of d-galactose and transamination of the resulting 6-aldo-d-galactose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Aumala
- Department of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto UniversityKemistintie 102150EspooFinland
| | - Filip Mollerup
- Department of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto UniversityKemistintie 102150EspooFinland
| | - Edita Jurak
- Department of Aquatic Biotechnology and Bioproduct EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Fabian Blume
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAalto UniversityKemistintie 102150EspooFinland
| | - Johanna Karppi
- Department of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto UniversityKemistintie 102150EspooFinland
| | - Antti E. Koistinen
- Department of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto UniversityKemistintie 102150EspooFinland
| | - Eva Schuiten
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme CatalysisGreifswald UniversityFelix-Hausdorff-Straße 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Moritz Voß
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme CatalysisGreifswald UniversityFelix-Hausdorff-Straße 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Uwe Bornscheuer
- Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme CatalysisGreifswald UniversityFelix-Hausdorff-Straße 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Jan Deska
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAalto UniversityKemistintie 102150EspooFinland
| | - Emma R. Master
- Department of Bioproducts and BiosystemsAalto UniversityKemistintie 102150EspooFinland
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Toronto200 College StreetTorontoOntarioM5S 3E5Canada
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21
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Lisov A, Trubitsina L, Lisova Z, Trubitsin I, Zavarzina A, Leontievsky A. Transformation of humic acids by two-domain laccase from Streptomyces anulatus. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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22
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Guan ZB, Luo Q, Wang HR, Chen Y, Liao XR. Bacterial laccases: promising biological green tools for industrial applications. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3569-3592. [PMID: 30046841 PMCID: PMC11105425 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2883-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Multicopper oxidases (MCOs) are a pervasive family of enzymes that oxidize a wide range of phenolic and nonphenolic aromatic substrates, concomitantly with the reduction of dioxygen to water. MCOs are usually divided into two functional classes: metalloxidases and laccases. Given their broad substrate specificity and eco-friendliness (molecular oxygen from air as is used as the final electron acceptor and they only release water as byproduct), laccases are regarded as promising biological green tools for an array of applications. Among these laccases, those of bacterial origin have attracted research attention because of their notable advantages, including broad substrate spectrum, wide pH range, high thermostability, and tolerance to alkaline environments. This review aims to summarize the significant research efforts on the properties, mechanisms and structures, laccase-mediator systems, genetic engineering, immobilization, and biotechnological applications of the bacteria-source laccases and laccase-like enzymes, which principally include Bacillus laccases, actinomycetic laccases and some other species of bacterial laccases. In addition, these enzymes may offer tremendous potential for environmental and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Bing Guan
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Quan Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Ran Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Ru Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
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23
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Streptomyces spp. in the biocatalysis toolbox. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3513-3536. [PMID: 29502181 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8884-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
About 20,100 research publications dated 2000-2017 were recovered searching the PubMed and Web of Science databases for Streptomyces, which are the richest known source of bioactive molecules. However, these bacteria with versatile metabolism are powerful suppliers of biocatalytic tools (enzymes) for advanced biotechnological applications such as green chemical transformations and biopharmaceutical and biofuel production. The recent technological advances, especially in DNA sequencing coupled with computational tools for protein functional and structural prediction, and the improved access to microbial diversity enabled the easier access to enzymes and the ability to engineer them to suit a wider range of biotechnological processes. The major driver behind a dramatic increase in the utilization of biocatalysis is sustainable development and the shift toward bioeconomy that will, in accordance to the UN policy agenda "Bioeconomy to 2030," become a global effort in the near future. Streptomyces spp. already play a significant role among industrial microorganisms. The intention of this minireview is to highlight the presence of Streptomyces in the toolbox of biocatalysis and to give an overview of the most important advances in novel biocatalyst discovery and applications. Judging by the steady increase in a number of recent references (228 for the 2000-2017 period), it is clear that biocatalysts from Streptomyces spp. hold promises in terms of valuable properties and applicative industrial potential.
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24
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Wang L, Zhu M, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Yang P, Liu Z, Deng Y, Zhu Y, Huang X, Han L, Li S, He J. Diisonitrile Natural Product SF2768 Functions As a Chalkophore That Mediates Copper Acquisition in Streptomyces thioluteus. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:3067-3075. [PMID: 29131568 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene cluster (sfa) was identified in Streptomyces thioluteus to direct the biosynthesis of the diisonitrile antibiotic SF2768. Its biosynthetic pathway was reasonably proposed based on bioinformatics analysis, metabolic profiles of mutants, and the elucidation of the intermediate and shunt product structures. Bioinformatics-based alignment found a putative ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter related to iron import within the biosynthetic gene cluster, which implied that the product might be a siderophore. However, characterization of the metal-binding properties by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), metal-ligand titration, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and chrome azurol S (CAS) assays revealed that the final product SF2768 and its diisonitrile derivatives specifically bind copper, rather than iron, to form stable complexes. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis revealed that the intracellular cupric content of S. thioluteus significantly increased upon incubation with the copper-SF2768 complex, direct evidence for the copper acquisition function of SF2768. Further in vivo functional characterization of the transport elements for the copper-SF2768 complexes not only confirmed the chalkophore identity of the compound but also gave initial clues into the copper uptake mechanism of this nonmethanotrophic microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- National
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science
and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengyi Zhu
- National
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science
and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingbo Zhang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, RNAM
Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine
Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- National
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science
and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Panlei Yang
- National
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science
and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zihui Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yun Deng
- National
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science
and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yiguang Zhu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, RNAM
Center for Marine Microbiology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine
Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueshi Huang
- Institute
of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Li Han
- Institute
of Microbial Pharmaceuticals, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Shengqing Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing He
- National
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science
and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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25
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Ece S, Lambertz C, Fischer R, Commandeur U. Heterologous expression of a Streptomyces cyaneus laccase for biomass modification applications. AMB Express 2017; 7:86. [PMID: 28439850 PMCID: PMC5403781 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0387-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccases are used for the conversion of biomass into fermentable sugars but it is difficult to produce high yields of active laccases in heterologous expression systems. We overcame this challenge by expressing Streptomyces cyaneus CECT 3335 laccase in Escherichia coli (ScLac) and we achieved a yield of up to 104 mg L-1 following purification by one-step affinity chromatography. Stability and activity assays using simple lignin model substrates showed that the purified enzyme preparation was active over a broad pH range and at high temperatures, suggesting it would be suitable for biomass degradation. The reusability of ScLac was also demonstrated by immobilizing the enzyme on agarose beads with a binding yield of 33%, and by the synthesis of cross-linked enzyme aggregates with an initial activity recovery of 72%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Ece
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology (Biology VII), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Camilla Lambertz
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology (Biology VII), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology (Biology VII), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Commandeur
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology (Biology VII), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Gorshkov V, Tarasova N, Gogoleva N, Osipova E, Petrova O, Kovtunov E, Gogolev Y. Polyphenol oxidase from Pectobacterium atrosepticum: identification and cloning of gene and characteristics of the enzyme. J Basic Microbiol 2017; 57:998-1009. [PMID: 29067700 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we attempted to elucidate if the harmful phytopathogenic bacteria of Pectobacterium genus (P. atrosepticum) possess the enzymes for oxidation of phenolic compounds. Polyphenol oxidase (laccase) activity was revealed in P. atrosepticum cell lysates. Using bioinformatic analysis, an ORF encoding a putative copper-containing polyphenol oxidase of 241 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 25.9 kDa was found. This protein (named Pal1) shares significant level of identity with laccases of a new type described for several bacterial species. Cloning and expression of the pal1 gene and the analysis of corresponding recombinant protein confirmed that Pal1 possessed laccase activity. The recombinant Pal1 protein was characterized in terms of substrate specificity, kinetic parameters, pH and temperature optimum, sensitivity to inhibitors and metal content. Pal1 demonstrated alkali- and thermo-tolerance. The kinetic parameters Km and kcat for 2,6-dimethoxyphenol were 0.353 ± 0.062 mM and 98.79 ± 4.9 s-1 , respectively. The protein displayed high tolerance to sodium azide, sodium fluoride, NaCl, SDS and cinnamic acid. The transcript level of the pal1 gene in P. atrosepticum was shown to be induced by plant-derived phenolic compound (ferulic acid) and copper sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia.,Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Tarasova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia.,Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Natalia Gogoleva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia.,Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Elena Osipova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - Olga Petrova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - Evgeny Kovtunov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia.,Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Yuri Gogolev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Kazan Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
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Kumari A, Kishor N, Guptasarma P. Characterization of a mildly alkalophilic and thermostable recombinant Thermus thermophilus laccase with applications in decolourization of dyes. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 40:285-295. [PMID: 29063287 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-017-2461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the potential for applications of TthLAC, a monomeric (~ 53 kDa) laccase encoded by the genome of Thermus thermophilus (strain HB 27) which can be produced at low cost in Escherichia coli. RESULT Functional, thermostable and mildly alkalophilic TthLAC of high purity (> 90%) was produced through simple heating of suspended (TthLAC overexpressing) E.coli cells at 65 °C. For reactions of short duration (< 1 h) the temperature for optimal activity is ~ 90 °C. However, TthLAC undergoes slow partial unfolding and thermal inactivation above 65 °C, making it unsuitable for long incubations above this temperature. With different substrates, optimal function was observed from pH 6 to 8. With the substrate, ABTS, catalytic efficiency (K m) and maximum velocity (Vmax) at 60 °C and pH 6.0 were determined to be 2.4 × 103 µM and 0.04 × 103 µM/min respectively. Ultra-pure, affinity-purified TthLAC was used to confirm and characterize the enzyme's ability to oxidize known (laccase) substrates such as ABTS, syringaldazine and 4-fluoro-2-methylphenol. TthLAC decoloured up to six different industrial dyes, with or without the use of redox mediators such as ABTS. CONCLUSIONS Unlike versatile laccases from most other sources, which tend to be thermolabile as well as acidophilic, TthLAC is a versatile, thermostable, mildly alkalophilic laccase which can be produced at low cost in E.coli for various redox applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Kumari
- Centre for Protein Science, Design and Engineering (CPSDE), Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Nitin Kishor
- Centre for Protein Science, Design and Engineering (CPSDE), Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Purnananda Guptasarma
- Centre for Protein Science, Design and Engineering (CPSDE), Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
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Phenols Removal from Hemicelluloses Pre-Hydrolysate by Laccase to Improve Butanol Production. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation3030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Rodrigues ÉF, Ficanha AMM, Dallago RM, Treichel H, Reinehr CO, Machado TP, Nunes GB, Colla LM. Production and purification of amylolytic enzymes for saccharification of microalgal biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 225:134-141. [PMID: 27888730 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the production of amylolytic enzymes by solid state or submerged fermentations (SSF or SF, respectively), followed by purification using chemical process or microfiltration and immobilization of purified enzymes in a polyurethane support. The free and immobilized enzymes obtained were used to evaluate enzymatic hydrolysis of the polysaccharides of Spirulina. Microfiltration of the crude extracts resulted in an increase in their specific activity and thermal stability at 40°C and 50°C for 24h, as compared to extracts obtained by SSF and SF. Immobilization of polyurethane purified enzyme produced yields of 332% and 205% for the enzymes obtained by SF and SSF, respectively. Free or immobilized enzymes favor the generation of fermentable sugar, being the application of the purified and immobilized enzymes in the hydrolysis of microalgal polysaccharides considered a promising alternative towards development of the bioethanol production process from microalgal biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éllen Francine Rodrigues
- University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, km 171, BR 285, P.O. Box 611, CEP 99001-970 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Matuella Moreira Ficanha
- Regional and Integrate University of Upper Uruguay and Missions, URI - Erechim, Av. Sete de Setembro 1621, Erechim, RS 99700-000, Brazil
| | - Rogério Marcos Dallago
- Regional and Integrate University of Upper Uruguay and Missions, URI - Erechim, Av. Sete de Setembro 1621, Erechim, RS 99700-000, Brazil
| | - Helen Treichel
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus de Erechim, ERS 135, km 72, n° 200, 99700-970 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Christian Oliveira Reinehr
- University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, km 171, BR 285, P.O. Box 611, CEP 99001-970 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Tainara Paula Machado
- University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, km 171, BR 285, P.O. Box 611, CEP 99001-970 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Greice Borges Nunes
- University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, km 171, BR 285, P.O. Box 611, CEP 99001-970 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciane Maria Colla
- University of Passo Fundo, Campus I, km 171, BR 285, P.O. Box 611, CEP 99001-970 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
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Casciello C, Tonin F, Berini F, Fasoli E, Marinelli F, Pollegioni L, Rosini E. A valuable peroxidase activity from the novel species Nonomuraea gerenzanensis growing on alkali lignin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 13:49-57. [PMID: 28352563 PMCID: PMC5361131 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Actinomycetes represent an attractive source of ligninolytic enzymes. 43 actinomycetes were screened for laccase and peroxidase activities. The novel species N. gerenzanensis produces a valuable bacterial peroxidase activity. The dye-decolorizing activity paves the way for an industrial use of this peroxidase.
Degradation of lignin constitutes a key step in processing biomass to become useful monomers but it remains challenging. Compared to fungi, bacteria are much less characterized with respect to their lignin metabolism, although it is reported that many soil bacteria, especially actinomycetes, attack and solubilize lignin. In this work, we screened 43 filamentous actinomycetes by assaying their activity on chemically different substrates including a soluble and semi-degraded lignin derivative (known as alkali lignin or Kraft lignin), and we discovered a novel and valuable peroxidase activity produced by the recently classified actinomycete Nonomuraea gerenzanensis. Compared to known fungal manganese and versatile peroxidases, the stability of N. gerenzanensis peroxidase activity at alkaline pHs and its thermostability are significantly higher. From a kinetic point of view, N. gerenzanensis peroxidase activity shows a Km for H2O2 similar to that of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Bjerkandera enzymes and a lower affinity for Mn2+, whereas it differs from the six Pleurotus ostreatus manganese peroxidase isoenzymes described in the literature. Additionally, N. gerenzanensis peroxidase shows a remarkable dye-decolorizing activity that expands its substrate range and paves the way for an industrial use of this enzyme. These results confirm that by exploring new bacterial diversity, we may be able to discover and exploit alternative biological tools putatively involved in lignin modification and degradation.
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Key Words
- 2,4-DCP, 2,4-dichlorophenol
- 2,6-DMP, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol
- ABTS, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)
- Alkali lignin
- DyP, dye decolorizing peroxidase
- Filamentous actinomycetes
- Kraft lignin
- LiP, lignin peroxidase
- MAM, mannitol agar medium
- MM-L, minimal salt medium plus lignin
- MnP, manganese peroxidase
- Nonomuraea gerenzanensis
- Peroxidases
- RB5, reactive black 5
- RBBR, remazol brilliant blue R
- VP, versatile peroxidase
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Casciello
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; The Protein Factory Research Center, Politecnico of Milano and University of Insubria, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Tonin
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; The Protein Factory Research Center, Politecnico of Milano and University of Insubria, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Berini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; The Protein Factory Research Center, Politecnico of Milano and University of Insubria, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Fasoli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico of Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Flavia Marinelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; The Protein Factory Research Center, Politecnico of Milano and University of Insubria, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Loredano Pollegioni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; The Protein Factory Research Center, Politecnico of Milano and University of Insubria, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Rosini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; The Protein Factory Research Center, Politecnico of Milano and University of Insubria, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
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Abstract
Laccases are multi-copper oxidoreductases which catalyze the oxidation of a wide range of substrates during the simultaneous reduction of oxygen to water. These enzymes, originally found in fungi, plants, and other natural sources, have many industrial and biotechnological applications. They are used in the food, textile, pulp, and paper industries, as well as for bioremediation purposes. Although natural hosts can provide relatively high levels of active laccases after production optimization, heterologous expression can bring, moreover, engineered enzymes with desired properties, such as different substrate specificity or improved stability. Hence, diverse hosts suitable for laccase production are reviewed here, while the greatest emphasis is placed on yeasts which are commonly used for industrial production of various proteins. Different approaches to optimize the laccase expression and activity are also discussed in detail here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Antošová
- Department of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Sychrová
- Department of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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32
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A simple strategy for extracellular production of CotA laccase in Escherichia coli and decolorization of simulated textile effluent by recombinant laccase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:685-696. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7897-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Biofilm and Planktonic Bacterial and Fungal Communities Transforming High-Molecular-Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:2288-2299. [PMID: 26850299 PMCID: PMC4959499 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03713-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW-PAHs) are natural components of fossil fuels that are carcinogenic and persistent in the environment, particularly in oil sands process-affected water (OSPW). Their hydrophobicity and tendency to adsorb to organic matter result in low bioavailability and high recalcitrance to degradation. Despite the importance of microbes for environmental remediation, little is known about those involved in HMW-PAH transformations. Here, we investigated the transformation of HMW-PAHs using samples of OSPW and compared the bacterial and fungal community compositions attached to hydrophobic filters and in suspension. It was anticipated that the hydrophobic filters with sorbed HMW-PAHs would select for microbes that specialize in adhesion. Over 33 days, more pyrene was removed (75% ± 11.7%) than the five-ring PAHs benzo[a]pyrene (44% ± 13.6%) and benzo[b]fluoranthene (41% ± 12.6%). For both bacteria and fungi, the addition of PAHs led to a shift in community composition, but thereafter the major factor determining the fungal community composition was whether it was in the planktonic phase or attached to filters. In contrast, the major determinant of the bacterial community composition was the nature of the PAH serving as the carbon source. The main bacteria enriched by HMW-PAHs were Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Microbacterium species. This report demonstrates that OSPW harbors microbial communities with the capacity to transform HMW-PAHs. Furthermore, the provision of suitable surfaces that encourage PAH sorption and microbial adhesion select for different fungal and bacterial species with the potential for HMW-PAH degradation.
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Yuan X, Tian G, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Wang H, Ng TB. Biochemical Characteristics of Three Laccase Isoforms from the Basidiomycete Pleurotus nebrodensis. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21020203. [PMID: 26861278 PMCID: PMC6273344 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of three laccase isoforms from Pleurotus nebrodensis is described. Isoenzymes Lac1, Lac2 and Lac3 were purified to homogeneity using ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, CM-cellulose and Q-Sepharose and a gel filtration step on Superdex 75. The molecular weights of the purified laccases were estimated to be 68, 64 and 51 kDa, respectively. The isoenzymes demonstrated the same optimum pH at 3.0 but slightly different temperature optima: 50–60 °C for Lac1 and Lac3 and 60 °C for Lac2. Lac2 was always more stable than the other two isoforms and exposure to 50 °C for 120 min caused 30% loss in activity. Lac2 was relatively less stable than the other two isoforms when exposed to the pH range of 3.0–8.0 for 24 h, but inactivation only occurred initially, with around 70% residual activity being maintained during the whole process. Oxidative ability towards aromatic compounds varied substantially among the isoforms and each of them displayed preference toward some substrates. Kinetic constants (Km, Kcat) were determined by using a 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assay, with Lac3 showing the best affinity and Lac2 displaying the highest catalytic efficiency. Amino acid sequences from peptides derived from digestion of isoenzymes showed great consistency with laccases in the databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghe Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guoting Tian
- Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasmic Resource, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Yongchang Zhao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasmic Resource, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Liyan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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Trubitsina LI, Tishchenko SV, Gabdulkhakov AG, Lisov AV, Zakharova MV, Leontievsky AA. Structural and functional characterization of two-domain laccase from Streptomyces viridochromogenes. Biochimie 2015; 112:151-9. [PMID: 25778839 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Laccase (EC 1.10.3.2) is one of the most common copper-containing oxidases found in many organisms and catalyses oxidation of primarily phenolic compounds by oxygen. A recently found bacterial laccase whose molecule is formed by two domains - the so called two-domain laccase (2DLac) or small laccase - has unusual resistance to inhibitors and an alkaline optimum of activity. The causes of these properties, as well as the biological function of two-domain laccases, are poorly understood. We performed an enzymatic and structural characterization of 2DLac from Streptomyces viridochromogenes (SvSL). It was cloned and overproduced in Escherichia coli. Phenolic compounds were oxidized in the presence of the enzyme under alkaline but not acidic conditions. Conversely, nonphenolic compounds were oxidized at acidic but not alkaline pH. SvSL catalysed oxidation of nonphenolic compounds more efficiently than that of phenols. Moreover, this two-domain laccase displayed a cytochrome c oxidase activity and exhibited no ferroxidase activity. The enzyme was resistant to specific inhibitors of copper-containing oxidases, such as NaN3 and NaF. We succeeded in generating X-ray quality crystals and solved their structure to a resolution of 2.4 Å. SvSL is a homotrimer in its native state. Comparison of its structure with that of a three-domain laccase revealed differences in the second coordination sphere of the T2/T3 centre and solvent channels. The role of these differences in the resistance of the enzyme to inhibitors and the activity at alkaline pH is under discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Trubitsina
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPM RAS), Pushchino, Russia; Pushchino State Institute of Life Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - S V Tishchenko
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - A G Gabdulkhakov
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - A V Lisov
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPM RAS), Pushchino, Russia.
| | - M V Zakharova
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPM RAS), Pushchino, Russia
| | - A A Leontievsky
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPM RAS), Pushchino, Russia; Pushchino State Institute of Life Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
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36
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Martins LO, Durão P, Brissos V, Lindley PF. Laccases of prokaryotic origin: enzymes at the interface of protein science and protein technology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:911-22. [PMID: 25572294 PMCID: PMC11113980 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1822-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous members of the multicopper oxidase family of enzymes oxidize a range of aromatic substrates such as polyphenols, methoxy-substituted phenols, amines and inorganic compounds, concomitantly with the reduction of molecular dioxygen to water. This family of enzymes can be broadly divided into two functional classes: metalloxidases and laccases. Several prokaryotic metalloxidases have been described in the last decade showing a robust activity towards metals, such as Cu(I), Fe(II) or Mn(II) and have been implicated in the metal metabolism of the corresponding microorganisms. Many laccases, with a superior efficiency for oxidation of organic compounds when compared with metals, have also been identified and characterized from prokaryotes, playing roles that more closely conform to those of intermediary metabolism. This review aims to present an update of current knowledge on prokaryotic multicopper oxidases, with a special emphasis on laccases, anticipating their enormous potential for industrial and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia O Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal,
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37
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Prins A, Kleinsmidt L, Khan N, Kirby B, Kudanga T, Vollmer J, Pleiss J, Burton S, Le Roes-Hill M. The effect of mutations near the T1 copper site on the biochemical characteristics of the small laccase from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 68:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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38
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Joshi S, Satyanarayana T. In vitro engineering of microbial enzymes with multifarious applications: prospects and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 176:273-283. [PMID: 25435065 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of a novel enzyme from a microbial source takes anywhere between months to years, and therefore, there has been an immense interest in modifying the existing microbial enzymes to suit the present day needs of the industry. The redesigning of industrially useful enzymes for improving their performance has become a challenge because bioinformatics databases have been revealing new facts on a day-to-day basis. Modification of the existing enzymes has become a trend for fine tuning of biocatalysts in the biotech industry. Hydrolases are employed in pharmaceutical, biofuel, detergent, food and feed industries that significantly contribute to the global annual revenue, and therefore, the emphasis has been on engineering them. Although a large data is accumulating on making alterations in microbial enzymes, there is a lack of definite information on redesigning industrial enzymes. This review focuses on the recent developments in improving the characteristics of various biotechnologically important enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Joshi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110 021, India
| | - Tulasi Satyanarayana
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110 021, India.
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Laccase engineering: From rational design to directed evolution. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:25-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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