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Withey Z, Gweon HS. Longitudinal bacterial community dynamics and sodium hypochlorite intervention in a newly built university building. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175349. [PMID: 39122041 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Urbanisation and building advancements have increased microbial growth in indoor environments, altering human interactions with these microorganisms. Restrooms and their sinks harbour diverse bacterial communities, that differ from those found in natural environments, that could have negative implications for human health. Over two and a half years, this study examined the diversity, temporal dynamics, and resilience of bacterial communities in restroom sink P-traps in a newly built university building. Structured into two phases, the first phase consisted of continuous monitoring of bacterial community dynamics for two years (n = 352), while the second phase involved an intervention with sodium hypochlorite (bleach) and subsequent sampling (n = 132). In the first phase, we show that sink communities converge, becoming more compositionally similar to other sinks within the building. Bacterial families such as Rhodocyclaceae and Flavobacteriaceae dominated across the sinks, and others such as Comamonadaceae, Moraxellaceae and Enterbacteriaceae were highly prevalent. When comparing bacterial structure and composition to other sinks located on the university campus, the mean bacterial dissimilarity decreased over time, indicating compositional similarity, particularly with the newer buildings on campus. The second phase demonstrated resilience by the bacterial sink communities. Following bleach treatments, a distinct increase in Acinetobacter was observed. However, by the fourth week after bleach invention, bacterial communities had re-established to levels observed prior to treatment. This study had the unique opportunity to sample a newly built building before occupancy and for the subsequent two and a half years. The findings provide crucial insights into the development and resilience of sink P-trap bacterial communities in restrooms, laying the groundwork for more targeted approaches to disinfection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Withey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Hyun S Gweon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK; UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK.
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2
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Shi F, Ma L, Chen Z, Huang Y, Lin L, Qin Z. Long-term disinfectant exposure on intestinal immunity and microbiome variation of grass carp. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 272:106942. [PMID: 38788458 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is crucial in maintaining fish health homeostasis. Disinfectants can kill important pathogens and disinfect fish eggs, yet their effect on the immune pathways and intestinal microbiome in healthy fish remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of two disinfectants on the transcriptome profiles, immunological response, and gut microbiota dynamics of grass carp over a four-week trial. In particular, aquatic water was disinfected with 80 μg/L glutaraldehyde or 50 μg/L povidone-iodine. We found that glutaraldehyde and povidone-iodine induced gut antioxidant system and depressed the function of grass carp digestive enzymes. The results of the 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing identified a reduction in the diversity of grass carp gut microbiota following the disinfectant treatment. Moreover, transcriptome profiling revealed that disinfectant exposure altered the immune-related pathways of grass carp and inhibited the expression of inflammation and tight junction related genes. Finally, the histopathological observation and apoptosis detection results suggested that the long-term diet of disinfectant destroyed intestinal structural integrity and promoted apoptosis. In conclusion, long-term exposure to disinfectants was observed to reduce oxidation resistance, suppress the immune response, dysbiosis of the intestinal flora, and resulted in increasing the apoptosis in intestinal of grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Lixin Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Zhilong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Yao Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Li Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China.
| | - Zhendong Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China.
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3
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Shahin IG, Mohamed KO, Taher AT, Elsebaei MM, Mayhoub AS, Kassab AE, Elshewy A. New Phenylthiazoles: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation as Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Anti-COVID-19 Candidates. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301143. [PMID: 37857580 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The combination of antibacterial and antiviral agents is becoming a very important aspect of dealing with resistant bacterial and viral infections. The N-phenylthiazole scaffold was found to possess significant anti-MRSA, antifungal, and anti-COVID-19 activities as previously published; hence, a slight refinement was proposed to attach various alkyne lipophilic tails to this promising scaffold, to investigate their effects on the antimicrobial activity of the newly synthesized compounds and to provide a valuable structure-activity relationship. Phenylthiazole 4 m exhibited the most potent anti-MRSA activity with 8 μg/mL MIC value. Compounds 4 k and 4 m demonstrated potent activity against Clostridium difficile with MIC values of 2 μg/mL and moderate activity against Candida albicans with MIC value of 4 μg/mL. When analyzed for their anti-COVID-19 inhibitory effect, compound 4 b emerged with IC50 =1269 nM and the highest selectivity of 138.86 and this was supported by its binding score of -5.21 kcal mol-1 when docked against SARS-CoV-2 M pro . Two H-bonds were formed, one with His164 and the other with Met49 stabilizing phenylthiazole derivative 4 b, inside the binding pocket. Additionally, it created two arene-H bonds with Asn142 and Glu166, through the phenylthiazole scaffold and one arene-H bond with Leu141 via the phenyl ring of the lipophilic tail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inas G Shahin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, 11787, Egypt
| | - Khaled O Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Azza T Taher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6-October, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Elsebaei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman S Mayhoub
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
- University of Science and Technology, Nanoscience Program, Zewail, City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th October, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Asmaa E Kassab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elshewy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, Galala Plateau, Attaka, Suez, 43713, Egypt
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4
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Timmis K, Verstraete W, Regina VR, Hallsworth JE. The Pareto principle: To what extent does it apply to resource acquisition in stable microbial communities and thereby steer their geno-/ecotype compositions and interactions between their members? Environ Microbiol 2023. [PMID: 37308155 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Pareto principle, or 20:80 rule, describes resource distribution in stable communities whereby 20% of community members acquire 80% of a key resource. In this Burning Question, we ask to what extent the Pareto principle applies to the acquisition of limiting resources in stable microbial communities; how it may contribute to our understanding of microbial interactions, microbial community exploration of evolutionary space, and microbial community dysbiosis; and whether it can serve as a benchmark of microbial community stability and functional optimality?
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Timmis
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Willy Verstraete
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Belgium
| | | | - John E Hallsworth
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
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CALABRÒ GIOVANNAELISA, CASELLI ELISABETTA, ROGNONI CARLA, LAURENTI PATRIZIA, MOSCATO UMBERTO, DI PIETRO MARIALUISA, GUALANO MARIAROSARIA, CASCINI FIDELIA, D’AMBROSIO FLORIANA, PATTAVINA FABIO, VINCENTI SARA, MAIDA ADA, MANCINI ROSSELLA, MARTINELLI SILVIA, AMANTEA CARLOTTA, CORONA VALERIOFLAVIO, DANIELE ALESSANDRA, PALADINI ANDREA, ROSSI MARIAFRANCESCA, LA GATTA EMANUELE, PETRELLA LUIGI, PULEO VALERIA, TARRICONE ROSANNA, RICCIARDI WALTER. [Health Technology Assessment of the introduction of the Probiotic Cleaning Hygiene System (PCHS) in the Italian healthcare setting: update]. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2023; 64:E1-E35. [PMID: 37881619 PMCID: PMC10597541 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.2s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- GIOVANNA ELISA CALABRÒ
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
- VIHTALI - Value In Health Technology and Academy for Leadership & Innovation, Spin-Off dell’Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - ELISABETTA CASELLI
- Sezione di Microbiologia, Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche, farmaceutiche ed agrarie, CIAS e LTTA, Università degli Studi di Ferrara
| | | | - PATRIZIA LAURENTI
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - UMBERTO MOSCATO
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
- Sezione di Medicina del Lavoro, Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e di Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - MARIA LUISA DI PIETRO
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - MARIA ROSARIA GUALANO
- Centro di Ricerca e Studi sulla Leadership in Medicina, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - FIDELIA CASCINI
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - FLORIANA D’AMBROSIO
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - FABIO PATTAVINA
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - SARA VINCENTI
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - ADA MAIDA
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - ROSSELLA MANCINI
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - SILVIA MARTINELLI
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - CARLOTTA AMANTEA
- Sezione di Medicina del Lavoro, Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e di Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - VALERIO FLAVIO CORONA
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - ALESSANDRA DANIELE
- Sezione di Medicina del Lavoro, Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e di Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - ANDREA PALADINI
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - MARIA FRANCESCA ROSSI
- Sezione di Medicina del Lavoro, Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e di Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - EMANUELE LA GATTA
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - LUIGI PETRELLA
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - VALERIA PULEO
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - ROSANNA TARRICONE
- CERGAS-SDA Bocconi School of Management, Milano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Sociali e Politiche, Università Bocconi, Milano
| | - WALTER RICCIARDI
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
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6
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D'Accolti M, Soffritti I, Bini F, Mazziga E, Cason C, Comar M, Volta A, Bisi M, Fumagalli D, Mazzacane S, Caselli E. Shaping the subway microbiome through probiotic-based sanitation during the COVID-19 emergency: a pre-post case-control study. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:64. [PMID: 36991513 PMCID: PMC10060134 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01512-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the extent to which the public transportation environment, such as in subways, may be important for the transmission of potential pathogenic microbes among humans, with the possibility of rapidly impacting large numbers of people. For these reasons, sanitation procedures, including massive use of chemical disinfection, were mandatorily introduced during the emergency and remain in place. However, most chemical disinfectants have temporary action and a high environmental impact, potentially enhancing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of the treated microbes. By contrast, a biological and eco-sustainable probiotic-based sanitation (PBS) procedure was recently shown to stably shape the microbiome of treated environments, providing effective and long-term control of pathogens and AMR spread in addition to activity against SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. Our study aims to assess the applicability and impact of PBS compared with chemical disinfectants based on their effects on the surface microbiome of a subway environment. RESULTS The train microbiome was characterized by both culture-based and culture-independent molecular methods, including 16S rRNA NGS and real-time qPCR microarray, for profiling the train bacteriome and its resistome and to identify and quantify specific human pathogens. SARS-CoV-2 presence was also assessed in parallel using digital droplet PCR. The results showed a clear and significant decrease in bacterial and fungal pathogens (p < 0.001) as well as of SARS-CoV-2 presence (p < 0.01), in the PBS-treated train compared with the chemically disinfected control train. In addition, NGS profiling evidenced diverse clusters in the population of air vs. surface while demonstrating the specific action of PBS against pathogens rather than the entire train bacteriome. CONCLUSIONS The data presented here provide the first direct assessment of the impact of different sanitation procedures on the subway microbiome, allowing a better understanding of its composition and dynamics and showing that a biological sanitation approach may be highly effective in counteracting pathogens and AMR spread in our increasingly urbanized and interconnected environment. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D'Accolti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Irene Soffritti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Bini
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mazziga
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carolina Cason
- Department of Advanced Translational Microbiology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Manola Comar
- Department of Advanced Translational Microbiology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonella Volta
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matteo Bisi
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniele Fumagalli
- Facility Management Unit, Azienda Trasporti Milanesi S.P.A, 20121, Milan, Italy
| | - Sante Mazzacane
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Caselli
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, and LTTA, University of Ferrara, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, 44122, Ferrara, Italy.
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Abadi B, Ilaghi M, Shahsavani Y, Faramarzpour M, Oghazian MB, Rahimi HR. Antibiotics with Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Potential Against Covid-19: A Review. Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol 2023; 18:51-63. [PMID: 34994339 DOI: 10.2174/2772432817666220106162013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In Covid-19 cases, elderly patients in long-term care facilities, children younger than five years with moderate symptoms, and patients admitted to ICU or with comorbidities are at a high risk of coinfection, as suggested by the evidence. Thus, in these patients, antibiotic therapy based on empirical evidence is necessary. Finding appropriate antimicrobial agents, especially with antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, is a promising approach to target the virus and its complications, hyper-inflammation, and microorganisms resulting in co-infection. Moreover, indiscriminate use of antibiotics can be accompanied by Clostridioides difficile colitis, the emergence of resistant microorganisms, and adverse drug reactions, particularly kidney damage and QT prolongation. Therefore, rational administration of efficient antibiotics is an important issue. The main objective of the present review is to provide a summary of antibiotics with possible antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and anti-immunomodulatory effects to guide scientists for further research. Besides, the findings can help health professionals in the rational prescription of antibiotics in Covid-19 patients with a high risk of co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banafshe Abadi
- Brain Cancer Research Core (BCRC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehran Ilaghi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yasamin Shahsavani
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahsa Faramarzpour
- Brain Cancer Research Core (BCRC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Oghazian
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hamid-Reza Rahimi
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Malik SS, Mundra S. Increasing Consumption of Antibiotics during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Patient Health and Emerging Anti-Microbial Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:45. [PMID: 36671246 PMCID: PMC9855050 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of COVID-19 infection led to the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials without knowing their efficacy in treating the disease. The gratuitous use of antibiotics for COVID-19 treatment raises concerns about the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In this systematic review, we performed a thorough systematic search using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines of scientific databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed) to identify studies where antibiotics were prescribed to treat COVID-19 (December 2019 to December 2021). Of 970 identified studies, 130 were included in our analyses. Almost 78% of COVID-19 patients have been prescribed an antibiotic. Cephalosporins were the most prescribed (30.1% of patients) antibiotics, followed by azithromycin (26% of patients). Antibiotics were prescribed for COVID-19 patients regardless of reported severity; the overall rate of antibiotic use was similar when comparing patients with a severe or critical illness (77.4%) and patients with mild or moderate illness (76.8%). Secondary infections were mentioned in only 11 studies. We conclude that concerns related to COVID-19 and the lack of treatment strategy led to the overuse of antibiotics without proper clinical rationale. Based on our findings, we propose that antimicrobial stewardship should be retained as a priority while treating viral pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahana Seher Malik
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sunil Mundra
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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9
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CALABRÒ GIOVANNAELISA, CASELLI ELISABETTA, ROGNONI CARLA, LAURENTI PATRIZIA, MOSCATO UMBERTO, DI PIETRO MARIALUISA, GUALANO MARIAROSARIA, CASCINI FIDELIA, D’AMBROSIO FLORIANA, PATTAVINA FABIO, VINCENTI SARA, MAIDA ADA, MANCINI ROSSELLA, MARTINELLI SILVIA, AMANTEA CARLOTTA, CORONA VALERIOFLAVIO, DANIELE ALESSANDRA, PALADINI ANDREA, ROSSI MARIAFRANCESCA, LA GATTA EMANUELE, PETRELLA LUIGI, PULEO VALERIA, TARRICONE ROSANNA, RICCIARDI WALTER. [Health Technology Assessment of the Probiotic Cleaning Hygiene System (PCHS)]. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E1-E123. [PMID: 36819908 PMCID: PMC9910312 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.3s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- GIOVANNA ELISA CALABRÒ
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
- VIHTALI - Value In Health Technology and Academy for Leadership & Innovation Spin-Off dell’Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - ELISABETTA CASELLI
- Sezione di Microbiologia, Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche, farmaceutiche e agrarie, CIAS e LTTA, Università degli Studi di Ferrara
| | | | - PATRIZIA LAURENTI
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - UMBERTO MOSCATO
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
- Sezione di Medicina del Lavoro, Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e di Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - MARIA LUISA DI PIETRO
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - MARIA ROSARIA GUALANO
- Centro di Ricerca e Studi sulla Leadership in Medicina, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - FIDELIA CASCINI
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - FLORIANA D’AMBROSIO
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - FABIO PATTAVINA
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - SARA VINCENTI
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - ADA MAIDA
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - ROSSELLA MANCINI
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - SILVIA MARTINELLI
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - CARLOTTA AMANTEA
- Sezione di Medicina del Lavoro, Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e di Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - VALERIO FLAVIO CORONA
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - ALESSANDRA DANIELE
- Sezione di Medicina del Lavoro, Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e di Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - ANDREA PALADINI
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - MARIA FRANCESCA ROSSI
- Sezione di Medicina del Lavoro, Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e di Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - EMANUELE LA GATTA
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - LUIGI PETRELLA
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - VALERIA PULEO
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
| | - ROSANNA TARRICONE
- CERGAS-SDA Bocconi School of Management, Milano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Sociali e Politiche, Università Bocconi, Milano
| | - WALTER RICCIARDI
- Sezione di Igiene, Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma
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10
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Alshaikh FS, Godman B, Sindi ON, Seaton RA, Kurdi A. Prevalence of bacterial coinfection and patterns of antibiotics prescribing in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272375. [PMID: 35913964 PMCID: PMC9342726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence around prevalence of bacterial coinfection and pattern of antibiotic use in COVID-19 is controversial although high prevalence rates of bacterial coinfection have been reported in previous similar global viral respiratory pandemics. Early data on the prevalence of antibiotic prescribing in COVID-19 indicates conflicting low and high prevalence of antibiotic prescribing which challenges antimicrobial stewardship programmes and increases risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AIM To determine current prevalence of bacterial coinfection and antibiotic prescribing in COVID-19 patients. DATA SOURCE OVID MEDLINE, OVID EMBASE, Cochrane and MedRxiv between January 2020 and June 2021. STUDY ELIGIBILITY English language studies of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients which reported (a) prevalence of bacterial coinfection and/or (b) prevalence of antibiotic prescribing with no restrictions to study designs or healthcare setting. PARTICIPANTS Adults (aged ≥ 18 years) with RT-PCR confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, regardless of study setting. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis. Proportion (prevalence) data was pooled using random effects meta-analysis approach; and stratified based on region and study design. RESULTS A total of 1058 studies were screened, of which 22, hospital-based studies were eligible, compromising 76,176 of COVID-19 patients. Pooled estimates for the prevalence of bacterial co-infection and antibiotic use were 5.62% (95% CI 2.26-10.31) and 61.77% (CI 50.95-70.90), respectively. Sub-group analysis by region demonstrated that bacterial co-infection was more prevalent in North American studies (7.89%, 95% CI 3.30-14.18). CONCLUSION Prevalence of bacterial coinfection in COVID-19 is low, yet prevalence of antibiotic prescribing is high, indicating the need for targeted COVID-19 antimicrobial stewardship initiatives to reduce the global threat of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Salman Alshaikh
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Pharmaceutical Services, Bahrain Defence Force Military Hospital, Riffa, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Brian Godman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Oula Nawaf Sindi
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - R. Andrew Seaton
- Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Scottish Antimicrobial Prescribing Group, Healthcare Improvement Scotland, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Amanj Kurdi
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region Government, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region Government, Iraq
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11
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The Use of Disinfectant in Barn Cleaning Alters Microbial Composition and Increases Carriage of Campylobacter jejuni in Broiler Chickens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0029522. [PMID: 35475671 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00295-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To maintain food safety and flock health in broiler chicken production, biosecurity approaches to keep chicken barns free of pathogens are important. Canadian broiler chicken producers must deep clean their barns with chemical disinfectants at least once annually (full disinfection [FD]) and may wash with water (water wash [WW]) throughout the year. However, many producers use FD after each flock, assuming a greater efficacy of more stringent cleaning protocols, although little information is known regarding how these two cleaning practices affect pathogen population and gut microbiota. In the present study, a crossover experiment over four production cycles was conducted in seven commercial chicken barns to compare WW and FD. We evaluated the effects of barn cleaning methods on commercial broiler performance, cecal microbiota composition, Campylobacter and Salmonella occurrence, and Campylobacter jejuni and Clostridium perfringens abundance, as well as on short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in the month-old broiler gut. The 30-day body weight and mortality rate were not affected by the barn cleaning methods. The WW resulted in a modest but significant effect on the structure of broiler cecal microbiota (weighted-UniFrac; adonis P = 0.05, and unweighted-UniFrac; adonis P = 0.01), with notable reductions in C. jejuni occurrence and abundance. In addition, the WW group had increased cecal acetate, butyrate, and total SCFA concentrations, which were negatively correlated with C. jejuni abundance. Our results suggest that WW may result in enhanced activity of the gut microbiota and reduced zoonotic transmission of C. jejuni in broiler production relative to FD in the absence of a disease challenge. IMPORTANCE We compared the effects of barn FD and WW methods on gut microbial community structures and pathogen prevalence of broiler chickens in a nonchallenging commercial production setting. The results revealed that barn cleaning methods had little impact on the 30-day body weight and mortality rate of broiler chickens. In addition, the FD treatment had a subtle but significant effect on the broiler cecal microbiota with increased abundances of Campylobacter and decreased SCFA concentrations, which would support the adoption of WW as a standard practice. Thus, compared to FD, WW can be beneficial to broiler chicken production by inhibiting zoonotic pathogen colonization in the chicken gut with reduced cost and labor of cleaning.
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12
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Verstraete W, Yanuka‐Golub K, Driesen N, De Vrieze J. Engineering microbial technologies for environmental sustainability: choices to make. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:215-227. [PMID: 34875143 PMCID: PMC8719809 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial technologies have provided solutions to key challenges in our daily lives for over a century. In the debate about the ongoing climate change and the need for planetary sustainability, microbial ecology and microbial technologies are rarely considered. Nonetheless, they can bring forward vital solutions to decrease and even prevent long-term effects of climate change. The key to the success of microbial technologies is an effective, target-oriented microbiome management. Here, we highlight how microbial technologies can play a key role in both natural, i.e. soils and aquatic ecosystems, and semi-natural or even entirely human-made, engineered ecosystems, e.g. (waste) water treatment and bodily systems. First, we set forward fundamental guidelines for effective soil microbial resource management, especially with respect to nutrient loss and greenhouse gas abatement. Next, we focus on closing the water circle, integrating resource recovery. We also address the essential interaction of the human and animal host with their respective microbiomes. Finally, we set forward some key future potentials, such as microbial protein and the need to overcome microphobia for microbial products and services. Overall, we conclude that by relying on the wisdom of the past, we can tackle the challenges of our current era through microbial technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy Verstraete
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET)Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityCoupure Links 653GentB‐9000Belgium
- Avecom NVIndustrieweg 122PWondelgem9032Belgium
| | - Keren Yanuka‐Golub
- The Institute of Applied ResearchThe Galilee SocietyP.O. Box 437Shefa‐AmrIsrael
| | | | - Jo De Vrieze
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET)Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityCoupure Links 653GentB‐9000Belgium
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13
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Shrestha Y, Shivalingegowda RK, Avinash MJ, Kenchegowda SBH, Moktan JB, Doddasamiah SM, Tambat RM, Golshetty DG, Ganesh VS, Venkataraman R. The rise in antimicrobial resistance: An obscure issue in COVID-19 treatment. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000641. [PMID: 36962458 PMCID: PMC10021591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A saturated health care system with a lack of evidence-based antiviral medicine and ignorance of antimicrobial stewardship during pandemics has prompted clinicians to prescribe a broad-spectrum antibiotic more often. A prospective, cross-sectional study of COVID-infected patients was conducted to gain insight into antibiotic prescribing practices and their impact on antimicrobial resistance. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the disc diffusion method. 318 patients met the study's inclusion criteria, with a mean age of 46 years and 55% (175) of them being males. Antibiotics were prescribed for 93.72% (209) of mild cases, 92.45% (49) of moderate cases, 96.15% (25) of severe cases, and 100% (16) of critical cases of COVID-19. A total of 95 samples were sent in for culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing, with 58.95% (56) confirming growth. The majority of the growth was found to contain E. coli (14). In 54.9% of cases, antibiotics with less than 50% sensitivity to curing bacterial infection were detected. In the study, we found that antibiotics were being used unnecessarily in excessive quantities and that more than half of the antibiotics were less sensitive to isolated bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagara, India
| | - Ravi Kurikempannadoddi Shivalingegowda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagara, India
| | | | | | - Jeet Bahadur Moktan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagara, India
| | | | - Ramesh Mahadev Tambat
- Department of General Surgery, Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, India
| | - Deepanjali Girish Golshetty
- Department of Paediatrics, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagara, India
| | - Vakkalagadda Siva Ganesh
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagara, India
| | - Rajesh Venkataraman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagara, India
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14
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D’Accolti M, Soffritti I, Bonfante F, Ricciardi W, Mazzacane S, Caselli E. Potential of an Eco-Sustainable Probiotic-Cleaning Formulation in Reducing Infectivity of Enveloped Viruses. Viruses 2021; 13:2227. [PMID: 34835033 PMCID: PMC8617880 DOI: 10.3390/v13112227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has deeply influenced sanitization procedures, and high-level disinfection has been massively used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 spread, with potential negative impact on the environment and on the threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Aiming to overcome these concerns, yet preserving the effectiveness of sanitization against enveloped viruses, we assessed the antiviral properties of the Probiotic Cleaning Hygiene System (PCHS), an eco-sustainable probiotic-based detergent previously proven to stably abate pathogen contamination and AMR. PCHS (diluted 1:10, 1:50 and 1:100) was tested in comparison to common disinfectants (70% ethanol and 0.5% sodium hypochlorite), in suspension and carrier tests, according with the European UNI EN 14476:2019 and UNI EN 16777:2019 standards. Human alpha- and beta-coronaviruses hCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2, human herpesvirus type 1, human and animal influenza viruses, and vaccinia virus were included in the study. The results showed that PCHS was able to inactivate 99.99% of all tested viruses within 1-2 h of contact, both in suspension and on surface. Notably, while control disinfectants became inactive within 2 h after application, the PCHS antiviral action persisted up to 24 h post-application, suggesting that its use may effectively allow a continuous prevention of virus spread via contaminated environment, without worsening environmental pollution and AMR concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D’Accolti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, LTTA, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.); (I.S.)
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 13, 44122 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Irene Soffritti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, LTTA, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.); (I.S.)
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 13, 44122 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Francesco Bonfante
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, IZSVe, Viale dell’Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Walter Ricciardi
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy;
| | - Sante Mazzacane
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 13, 44122 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Caselli
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, LTTA, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.D.); (I.S.)
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 13, 44122 Ferrara, Italy;
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15
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Sharma S, Singh A, Banerjee T. Antibacterial agents used in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY (SINGAPORE) 2021; 4:503-513. [PMID: 38624829 PMCID: PMC8181540 DOI: 10.1007/s42398-021-00194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There have been speculations regarding rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) globally owing to indiscriminate antibiotic usage during the COVID-19 pandemic. To curb the menace through decisive policies, it is essential to assess the antibiotics, particularly the antibacterial agents. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to assess antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients. A thorough systematic search was undertaken in databases like PubMed, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, World Health Organization (WHO) database and clinicaltrials.gov by two independent reviewers for articles in English published from January 1, 2019 to October 31, 2020. Studies were included if they assessed confirmed COVID-19 cases and mentioned the use of antibiotics. The primary outcome was the proportion of COVID-19 patients subjected to specific antibacterial agents. An attempt to stratify the data based on study settings and disease severity was also performed. Of the total 6012 studies screened, 40 were eligible for qualitative review and 19 for meta-analysis. Specific antibacterial agents were mentioned in 23 studies (57.5%). In the random effect meta-analysis, pooled prevalence of azithromycin use was 24.5% (95% CI 22.9-26.2%) followed by cephalosporins as 26.6% (95% CI 24.9-28.4). None of the studies clearly specified indications for antibiotic use. Ten studies (25%) mentioned empirical use of antibiotics. Bacterial co-infections/secondary infections were documented in four studies with mean prevalence of infection of 1.9% (95% CI 1.2-2.8%). There is lack of data on use of specific antibacterial agents, indications for their use based on severity of infections and microbiological evidence of bacterial co-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Aradhana Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Tuhina Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
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16
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Kim HS, Arellano K, Park H, Todorov SD, Kim B, Kang H, Park YJ, Suh DH, Jung ES, Ji Y, Holzapfel WH. Assessment of the safety and anti-inflammatory effects of three Bacillus strains in the respiratory tract. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:3077-3098. [PMID: 33899316 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases are part of accumulating health problems partly due to worldwide increase in air pollution. By their antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties, some probiotics constitute promising alternatives for the prevention and treatment of chronic respiratory diseases. We have isolated Bacillus strains from Korean fermented foods and selected three potentially probiotic strains (two Bacillus subtilis and one Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) based on safety, antimicrobial efficacy, activity against airborne pathogens and their immunomodulatory properties in vivo. Safety evaluation included in silico analysis for confirming absence of virulence genes. Safety for the respiratory tract was confirmed by an in vivo pathogenicity test using a murine model. Antimicrobial activity was displayed against several airborne pathogens. Potential antimicrobial metabolites such as 2,3-butanediol and propylene glycol were identified as possible antagonistic agents. Immunomodulatory properties in vitro were confirmed by upregulation of IL-10 expression in a macrophage cell line. Intranasal instillation and inhalation in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced lung inflammation murine model reduced T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines at transcriptional and protein levels in the lungs. The safety and potentially beneficial role of these Bacillus strains could be demonstrated for the respiratory tract of a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Shin Kim
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Karina Arellano
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Haryung Park
- HEM Inc., Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Svetoslav D Todorov
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Bobae Kim
- HEM Inc., Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeji Kang
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea.,HEM Inc., Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Park
- HEM Inc., 77, Changnyong-daero 256 Beon-gil, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Suh
- HEM Inc., 77, Changnyong-daero 256 Beon-gil, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sung Jung
- HEM Inc., 77, Changnyong-daero 256 Beon-gil, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Yosep Ji
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea.,HEM Inc., 77, Changnyong-daero 256 Beon-gil, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Wilhelm H Holzapfel
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea.,HEM Inc., Pohang, Gyungbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
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17
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Antimicrobial and bacteriostatic activity of surfactants against B. subtilis for microbial cleaner formulation. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:3389-3397. [PMID: 33884457 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02328-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cleaning products containing live bacteria that form spores of Bacillus spp. as active substances are becoming increasingly common in probiotic cleaner formulation. The quality of cleaning performance for the production of probiotic cleaners does not only depend on the potential of the bacterial strains used, but also on the chemical components of the formulations. In this study, the surfactants and other additives were investigated as biocidal or bacteriostatic against B. subtilis, and the viability of B. subtilis was examined at different pH ranges for microbial cleaner formulation. As a result, it was discovered that the B. subtilis, which can be used in the microbial cleaner formulation, shows higher growth and viability at the neutral pH, and it passes into the death phase at pH 3. According to antagonistic activity results, the Gram-positive S. aureus and K. pneumoniae were the most sensitive bacteria while B. cereus was the most resistant bacteria. The anionic surfactants such as linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid and sodium lauryl ether sulfate act as bacteriostatic on Bacillus spp. and do not cause cell death. In the view of these results, the usage of appropriate bacterial cultures and the correct stabilization of the formulations are also critical elements in the development of microbial cleaner formulations.
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18
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Knight GM, Glover RE, McQuaid CF, Olaru ID, Gallandat K, Leclerc QJ, Fuller NM, Willcocks SJ, Hasan R, van Kleef E, Chandler CIR. Antimicrobial resistance and COVID-19: Intersections and implications. eLife 2021; 10:e64139. [PMID: 33588991 PMCID: PMC7886324 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Before the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was among the top priorities for global public health. Already a complex challenge, AMR now needs to be addressed in a changing healthcare landscape. Here, we analyse how changes due to COVID-19 in terms of antimicrobial usage, infection prevention, and health systems affect the emergence, transmission, and burden of AMR. Increased hand hygiene, decreased international travel, and decreased elective hospital procedures may reduce AMR pathogen selection and spread in the short term. However, the opposite effects may be seen if antibiotics are more widely used as standard healthcare pathways break down. Over 6 months into the COVID-19 pandemic, the dynamics of AMR remain uncertain. We call for the AMR community to keep a global perspective while designing finely tuned surveillance and research to continue to improve our preparedness and response to these intersecting public health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenan M Knight
- AMR Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)LondonUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases (CMMID), LSHTMLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, LSHTMLondonUnited Kingdom
- TB Centre, LSHTMLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Rebecca E Glover
- AMR Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)LondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, LSHTMLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - C Finn McQuaid
- AMR Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)LondonUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases (CMMID), LSHTMLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, LSHTMLondonUnited Kingdom
- TB Centre, LSHTMLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ioana D Olaru
- AMR Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)LondonUnited Kingdom
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, LSHTMLondonUnited Kingdom
- Biomedical Research and Training InstituteZambezi RiverZimbabwe
| | - Karin Gallandat
- AMR Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)LondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, LSHTMLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Quentin J Leclerc
- AMR Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)LondonUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases (CMMID), LSHTMLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, LSHTMLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Naomi M Fuller
- AMR Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)LondonUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases (CMMID), LSHTMLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, LSHTMLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sam J Willcocks
- AMR Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)LondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, LSHTMLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Rumina Hasan
- AMR Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)LondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, LSHTMLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Esther van Kleef
- Department of Public Heath, Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium
| | - Clare IR Chandler
- AMR Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)LondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, LSHTMLondonUnited Kingdom
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19
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Soltani S, Akhbari K, White J. Sonochemical Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Antimicrobial Property of One‐dimensional Dinuclear Coordination Polymer. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Soltani
- School of Chemistry College of Science University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Kamran Akhbari
- School of Chemistry College of Science University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Jonathan White
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute The University of Melbourne 3010 VIC Australia
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20
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Getahun H, Smith I, Trivedi K, Paulin S, Balkhy HH. Tackling antimicrobial resistance in the COVID-19 pandemic. Bull World Health Organ 2020; 98:442-442A. [PMID: 32742026 PMCID: PMC7375214 DOI: 10.2471/blt.20.268573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haileyesus Getahun
- Department of Global Coordination and Partnership on Antimicrobial Resistance, World Health Organization, avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid Smith
- Department of Global Coordination and Partnership on Antimicrobial Resistance, World Health Organization, avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Kavita Trivedi
- Department of Global Coordination and Partnership on Antimicrobial Resistance, World Health Organization, avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Paulin
- Department of Global Coordination and Partnership on Antimicrobial Resistance, World Health Organization, avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Hanan H Balkhy
- Antimicrobial Resistance Division, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Tarricone R, Rognoni C, Arnoldo L, Mazzacane S, Caselli E. A Probiotic-Based Sanitation System for the Reduction of Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistances: A Budget Impact Analysis. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060502. [PMID: 32585922 PMCID: PMC7350316 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare associated infections (HAIs) and antibiotic resistance have high social and economic burdens. Healthcare environments play an important role in the transmission of HAIs. The Probiotic Cleaning Hygiene System (PCHS) has been shown to decrease hospital surface pathogens up to 90% vs. conventional chemical cleaning (CCC). This study compares PCHS to CCC as to reduction of HAIs and their severity, related antibiotic resistances, and costs. Incidence rates of HAIs/antibiotic resistances were estimated from a previously conducted multicenter pre-post (6 months CCC + 6 months PCHS) intervention study, after applying the propensity score matching technique. A budget impact analysis compared the current scenario of use of CCC with future scenarios considering increasing utilization of PCHS, from 5% to 50% in the next five years, from a hospital perspective in Italy. The cumulative incidence of HAI was 4.6% and 2.4% (p < 0.0001) for CCC (N = 4160) and PCHS (N = 4160) (OR = 0.47, CI 95% 0.37–0.60), with severe HAIs of 1.57% vs. 1% and antibiotic resistances of 1.13% vs. 0.53%, respectively. Increased use of PCHS over CCC in Italian internal medicine/geriatrics and neurology departments in the next 5 years is expected to avert at least about 31,000 HAIs and 8500 antibiotic resistances, and save at least 14 million euros, of which 11.6 for the treatment of resistant HAIs. Innovative, environmentally sustainable sanitation systems, like PCHS, might substantially reduce antibiotic resistance and increase protection of health worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Tarricone
- Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management (CERGAS), SDA Bocconi School of Management, 20136 Milano, Italy;
- Department of Social and Political Sciences, Bocconi University, 20136 Milano, Italy
| | - Carla Rognoni
- Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management (CERGAS), SDA Bocconi School of Management, 20136 Milano, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Luca Arnoldo
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Sante Mazzacane
- CIAS Interdepartmental Research Centre, Department of Architecture, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy; (S.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Caselli
- CIAS Interdepartmental Research Centre, Department of Architecture, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy; (S.M.); (E.C.)
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Abstract
The human body is an ecosystem that is home to a complex array of microbes known as the microbiome or microbiota. This ecosystem plays an important role in human health, but as a result of recent lifestyle changes occurring around the planet, whole populations are seeing a major shift in their gut microbiota. Measures meant to kill or limit exposure to pathogenic microbes, such as antibiotics and sanitation, combined with other factors such as processed food, have had unintended consequences for the human microbial ecosystem, including changes that may be difficult to reverse. Microbiota alteration and the accompanying loss of certain functional attributes might result in the microbial communities of people living in industrialized societies being suboptimal for human health. As macroecologists, conservationists, and climate scientists race to document, understand, predict, and delay global changes in our wider environment, microbiota scientists may benefit by using analogous approaches to study and protect our intimate microbial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Human Microbiome Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erica D Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Human Microbiome Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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23
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Velazquez S, Griffiths W, Dietz L, Horve P, Nunez S, Hu J, Shen J, Fretz M, Bi C, Xu Y, Van Den Wymelenberg KG, Hartmann EM, Ishaq SL. From one species to another: A review on the interaction between chemistry and microbiology in relation to cleaning in the built environment. INDOOR AIR 2019; 29:880-894. [PMID: 31429989 PMCID: PMC6852270 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Since the advent of soap, personal hygiene practices have revolved around removal, sterilization, and disinfection-both of visible soil and microscopic organisms-for a myriad of cultural, aesthetic, or health-related reasons. Cleaning methods and products vary widely in their recommended use, effectiveness, risk to users or building occupants, environmental sustainability, and ecological impact. Advancements in science and technology have facilitated in-depth analyses of the indoor microbiome, and studies in this field suggest that the traditional "scorched-earth cleaning" mentality-that surfaces must be completely sterilized and prevent microbial establishment-may contribute to long-term human health consequences. Moreover, the materials, products, activities, and microbial communities indoors all contribute to, or remove, chemical species to the indoor environment. This review examines the effects of cleaning with respect to the interaction of chemistry, indoor microbiology, and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Willem Griffiths
- Biology and the Built Environment CenterUniversity of OregonEugeneOR
| | - Leslie Dietz
- Biology and the Built Environment CenterUniversity of OregonEugeneOR
| | - Patrick Horve
- Biology and the Built Environment CenterUniversity of OregonEugeneOR
| | - Susie Nunez
- Biology and the Built Environment CenterUniversity of OregonEugeneOR
| | - Jinglin Hu
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIL
| | - Jiaxian Shen
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIL
| | - Mark Fretz
- Institute for Health and the Built EnvironmentUniversity of OregonPortlandOR
| | - Chenyang Bi
- Department of Civil Environmental EngineeringVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Building ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Kevin G. Van Den Wymelenberg
- Biology and the Built Environment CenterUniversity of OregonEugeneOR
- Institute for Health and the Built EnvironmentUniversity of OregonPortlandOR
| | - Erica M. Hartmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIL
| | - Suzanne L. Ishaq
- Biology and the Built Environment CenterUniversity of OregonEugeneOR
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24
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Atti del 52° Congresso Nazionale: Società Italiana di Igiene, Medicina Preventiva e Sanità Pubblica (SItI). JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2019; 60:E1-E384. [PMID: 31777763 PMCID: PMC6865078 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2019.60.3s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Al-Marzooq F, Bayat SA, Sayyar F, Ishaq H, Nasralla H, Koutaich R, Kawas SA. Can probiotic cleaning solutions replace chemical disinfectants in dental clinics? Eur J Dent 2019; 12:532-539. [PMID: 30369799 PMCID: PMC6178676 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_124_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We aim to assess the antibacterial effectiveness of probiotic cleaning in a dental clinic at the University Dental Hospital Sharjah (UDHS), UAE. Materials and Methods: The current cleaning protocol of UDHS was evaluated by the surface swabbing of three dental clinics routinely cleaned using regular chemical disinfectants. Then, a new probiotic cleaning solution containing Bacillus subtilis was applied for 3 weeks in a selected clinic. Bacteria were grown onto selective culture media for colony counting from surfaces cleaned with probiotic solution compared to those obtained from the same surfaces cleaned with the regular chemical solutions. Isolates identity was confirmed by biochemical tests or polymerase chain reaction. Results: There was a significant reduction of the bacterial counts of various bacterial species (Staphylococci, Streptococci, and Gram-negative rods) from almost all the surfaces in the dental clinic after the application of the probiotic solution compared to the same surfaces cleaned with the regular chemical solutions. However, the antibiotic resistance rates were not significantly reduced within the short period of 3 weeks of using the new probiotic cleaning product. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the use of probiotic cleaning is effective in reducing microbial growth in dental settings. This approach may be tested further to examine the long-term effect and to evaluate the opportunity of applying this novel biotechnology as part of the infection control routine in dental settings instead of the chemical disinfectants which are known to cause serious health problems. This is the first study testing the application of probiotic-based solution in dental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Al-Marzooq
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Shahad Al Bayat
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Farah Sayyar
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Hamdah Ishaq
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Husain Nasralla
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Rayan Koutaich
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Sausan Al Kawas
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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26
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Pelyuntha W, Chaiyasut C, Kantachote D, Sirilun S. Cell-free supernatants from cultures of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented grape as biocontrol against Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Typhimurium virulence via autoinducer-2 and biofilm interference. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7555. [PMID: 31523511 PMCID: PMC6715067 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Typhimurium are the causative pathogens of salmonellosis, and they are mostly found in animal source foods (ASF). The inappropriate use of antibiotics enhances the possibility for the emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogens and antibiotic residue in ASF. One promising alternative to antibiotics in animal farming is the use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Methods The present study was carried out the cells and/or the cell-free culture supernatants (CFCS) from beneficial LAB against S. Typhi and S. Typhimurium. The antibacterial mechanisms of LAB-CFCS as biocontrol agents against both Salmonella serovars were investigated through the analysis of anti-salmonella growth activity, biofilm inhibition and quorum quenching activity. Results Among 146 LAB strains isolated from 110 fermented food samples, the 2 strong inhibitory effect strains (WM33 and WM36) from fermented grapes against both Salmonella serovars were selected. Out of the selected strains, WM36 was the most effective inhibitor, which indicated S. Typhi by showing 95.68% biofilm inhibition at 20% biofilm inhibition concentration (BIC) and reduced 99.84% of AI-2 signaling interference. The WM33 was the best to control S. Typhimurium by producing 66.46% biofilm inhibition at only 15% BIC and 99.99% AI-2 signaling a reduction. The 16S rDNA was amplified by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The selected isolates were identified as Weissella viridescens WM33 and Weissella confusa WM36 based on nucleotide homology and phylogenetic analysis. Conclusion The metabolic extracts from Weissella spp. inhibit Salmonella serovars with the potential to be used as biocontrol agents to improve microbiological safety in the production of ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wattana Pelyuntha
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Duangporn Kantachote
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Sasithorn Sirilun
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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27
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Abstract
The biodeterioration process involves every type of Cultural Heritage item, including monuments, stoneworks, frescoes, and easel paintings. The accurate study of the microbial and fungal communities dwelling on artworks, and involved in their deterioration, is essential for the adoption of optimal prevention and conservation strategies. Conventional restorative methods, that usually involve chemical and physical technologies, present some disadvantages, including short-term and unsatisfactory effects, potential damage to the treated works, human toxicity, and environmental hazards. Research in the field of restoration has paved the way for innovative biological approaches, or ‘biorestoration’, in which microorganisms are not only considered as an eventual danger for artworks, but rather as potential tools for restoration. The present review describes the main aspects of the biodeterioration process and highlights the most relevant biorestoration approaches: bioconsolidation, biocleaning, biological control, and new promising bio-decontaminating compounds.
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28
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Rampelotto PH, Sereia AF, de Oliveira LFV, Margis R. Exploring the Hospital Microbiome by High-Resolution 16S rRNA Profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123099. [PMID: 31242612 PMCID: PMC6696720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to analyze and compare the bacterial communities of 663 samples from a Brazilian hospital by using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. To increase taxonomic profiling and specificity of 16S-based identification, a strict sequence quality filtering process was applied for the accurate identification of clinically relevant bacterial taxa. Our results indicate that the hospital environment is predominantly inhabited by closely related species. A massive dominance of a few taxa in all taxonomic levels down to the genera was observed, where the ten most abundant genera in each facility represented 64.4% of all observed taxa, with a major predominance of Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas. The presence of several nosocomial pathogens was revealed. Co-occurrence analysis indicated that the present hospital microbial network had low connectedness, forming a clustered topology, but not structured among groups of nodes (i.e., modules). Furthermore, we were able to detect ecologically relevant relationships between specific microbial taxa, in particular, potential competition between pathogens and non-pathogens. Overall, these results provide new insight into different aspects of a hospital microbiome and indicate that 16S rRNA sequencing may serve as a robust one-step tool for microbiological identification and characterization of a wide range of clinically relevant bacterial taxa in hospital settings with a high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pabulo H. Rampelotto
- PPGBCM, Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), 2350, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Aline F.R. Sereia
- Neoprospecta Microbiome Technologies, 1302, Florianópolis, SC 88057-260, Brazil; (A.F.R.S.); (L.F.d.V.O.)
| | - Luiz Felipe V. de Oliveira
- Neoprospecta Microbiome Technologies, 1302, Florianópolis, SC 88057-260, Brazil; (A.F.R.S.); (L.F.d.V.O.)
| | - Rogério Margis
- PPGBCM, Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
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29
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Timmis K, Cavicchioli R, Garcia JL, Nogales B, Chavarría M, Stein L, McGenity TJ, Webster N, Singh BK, Handelsman J, de Lorenzo V, Pruzzo C, Timmis J, Martín JLR, Verstraete W, Jetten M, Danchin A, Huang W, Gilbert J, Lal R, Santos H, Lee SY, Sessitsch A, Bonfante P, Gram L, Lin RTP, Ron E, Karahan ZC, van der Meer JR, Artunkal S, Jahn D, Harper L. The urgent need for microbiology literacy in society. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:1513-1528. [PMID: 30912268 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Timmis
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ricardo Cavicchioli
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - José Luis Garcia
- Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB) (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Balbina Nogales
- Grupo de Microbiologia, Dept. Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, and Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados 8IMEDEA, UIB-CSIC), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Max Chavarría
- Escuela de Química, Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica & Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Lisa Stein
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Terry J McGenity
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Nicole Webster
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville and Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, Australia
| | - Jo Handelsman
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Victor de Lorenzo
- Systems Biology Program, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Pruzzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita (DISTAV), Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy
| | - James Timmis
- Athena Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Willy Verstraete
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Mike Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine Danchin
- Institut Cochin INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jack Gilbert
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rup Lal
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Helena Santos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Angela Sessitsch
- Bioresources Unit, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Tulln, Austria
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Lone Gram
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Raymond T P Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eliora Ron
- School of Molecular Cell Biology & Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Z Ceren Karahan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara University, Turkey
| | | | - Seza Artunkal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Haydarpaşa Numune Training Hospital, lstanbul, Turkey
| | - Dieter Jahn
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lucy Harper
- Society for Applied Microbiology, London, UK
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D'Accolti M, Soffritti I, Mazzacane S, Caselli E. Fighting AMR in the Healthcare Environment: Microbiome-Based Sanitation Approaches and Monitoring Tools. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071535. [PMID: 30934725 PMCID: PMC6479322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) affect up to 15% of all hospitalized patients, representing a global concern. Major causes include the persistent microbial contamination of hospital environment, and the growing antimicrobial-resistance (AMR) of HAI-associated microbes. The hospital environment represents in fact a reservoir of potential pathogens, continuously spread by healthcare personnel, visiting persons and hospitalized patients. The control of contamination has been so far addressed by the use of chemical-based sanitation procedures, which however have limitations, as testified by the persistence of contamination itself and by the growing AMR of hospital microbes. Here we review the results collected by a microbial-based sanitation system, inspired by the microbiome balance principles, in obtaining more effective control of microbial contamination and AMR. Whatever the sanitation system used, an important aspect of controlling AMR and HAIs relates to the ability to check any variation of a microbial population rapidly and effectively, thus effective monitoring procedures are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D'Accolti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
- CIAS Research Centre, Department of Architecture and Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Irene Soffritti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
- CIAS Research Centre, Department of Architecture and Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Sante Mazzacane
- CIAS Research Centre, Department of Architecture and Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Caselli
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
- CIAS Research Centre, Department of Architecture and Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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31
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Caselli E, Arnoldo L, Rognoni C, D'Accolti M, Soffritti I, Lanzoni L, Bisi M, Volta A, Tarricone R, Brusaferro S, Mazzacane S. Impact of a probiotic-based hospital sanitation on antimicrobial resistance and HAI-associated antimicrobial consumption and costs: a multicenter study. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:501-510. [PMID: 30881055 PMCID: PMC6398408 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s194670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the major threats to human health, and the high frequency of resistant pathogens in the hospital environment can contribute to the transmission of difficult-to-treat health care-associated infections (HAIs). We recently reported that, compared with conventional chemical cleaning, the use of a microbial-based sanitation strategy (Probiotic Cleaning Hygiene System [PCHS]) was associated with remodulation of hospital microbiota and reduction of HAI incidence. Here, we aimed to analyze the impact of PCHS on AMR and related effects, such as HAI-associated antimicrobial drug consumption and costs. Patients and methods Five Italian hospitals, enrolled in a multicenter study where conventional sanitation methods were replaced with PCHS, were included in the analysis. The study period included a 6-month observation for each sanitation type. Surface microbiota AMR was analyzed using microarray, nested PCR, antibiogram, and microdilution tests. Drug consumption data and related costs were obtained from the medical records of all hospitalized patients affected by HAIs. Results PCHS use was associated with up to 99% decrease of the AMR genes harbored by surface hospital microbiota, independently of the resistance types originally present in each individual setting (Pc<0.01). Functional assays confirmed the molecular data, demonstrating a 33%–100% decrease of resistant strains depending on the antibiotic type. Antimicrobial drug consumption associated with HAI onset showed a global 60.3% decrease, with a 75.4% decrease of the associated costs. Conclusion The spread of AMR in the hospital environment can be limited by the use of sanitation methods to remodulate the hospital microbiota, leading to lower antimicrobial consumption and costs. This approach might be considered as part of broader infection prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Caselli
- Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy, .,CIAS Research Interdepartmental Centre, Departments of Architecture and Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy,
| | - Luca Arnoldo
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Carla Rognoni
- Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management (CERGAS), Department of Policy Analysis and Public Management, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria D'Accolti
- Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy, .,CIAS Research Interdepartmental Centre, Departments of Architecture and Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy,
| | - Irene Soffritti
- Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy, .,CIAS Research Interdepartmental Centre, Departments of Architecture and Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy,
| | - Luca Lanzoni
- CIAS Research Interdepartmental Centre, Departments of Architecture and Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy,
| | - Matteo Bisi
- CIAS Research Interdepartmental Centre, Departments of Architecture and Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy,
| | - Antonella Volta
- CIAS Research Interdepartmental Centre, Departments of Architecture and Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy,
| | - Rosanna Tarricone
- Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management (CERGAS), Department of Policy Analysis and Public Management, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Sante Mazzacane
- CIAS Research Interdepartmental Centre, Departments of Architecture and Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy,
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32
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Caselli E, D'Accolti M, Soffritti I, Lanzoni L, Bisi M, Volta A, Berloco F, Mazzacane S. An Innovative Strategy for the Effective Reduction of MDR Pathogens from the Nosocomial Environment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1214:79-91. [PMID: 31321750 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is currently one of the main concerns for human health.Due to its rapid increase and global diffusion, several common microbial infections might become not curable in the future decades, making it impossible to apply other lifesaver therapies, such as transplant or chemotherapy.AMR is frequently observed in hospital pathogens, due to selective pressure exerted by antibiotic use, and consistently with this, in the recent years, many actions have been proposed to limit AMR spread, including hygiene measures for hospital professionals and a wiser antibiotic usage.Indeed, the hospital environment itself represents a reservoir of pathogens, whose control was so far addressed by conventional sanitation procedures, which however cannot prevent recontamination and might further favour the selection of resistant strains.Here we report the results collected by studying an innovative sanitation strategy based on the use of probiotic bacteria, capable of reducing in a stable way the surface load of pathogens and their AMR. Collected data suggest that this system might contribute significantly to AMR control and might be thus considered as one of the tools for AMR and infection prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Caselli
- Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. .,CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Maria D'Accolti
- Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Irene Soffritti
- Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Lanzoni
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matteo Bisi
- CIAS Research Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Berloco
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
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Egert M. Honor Thy Lodgers? – Structure and Function of the Human Built Environment Microbiome. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2018. [DOI: 10.3139/113.110577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe microbiome of the built environment (BE) and its interactions with the human occupants represent a new and highly interdisciplinary research field. The BE is characterized by a great microbial diversity as well as very fluctuating environmental conditions and sharp gradients of physicochemical parameters, which significantly shape the resident microbiomes. A great significance of the BE microbiome for human health is obvious, but far from being fully understood. However, there is a growing body of evidence that antimicrobial and probiotic strategies will have to be balanced in a well-considered manner to successfully manage the BE microbiome in a way that finally is most beneficial for human health.
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D'Accolti M, Soffritti I, Piffanelli M, Bisi M, Mazzacane S, Caselli E. Efficient removal of hospital pathogens from hard surfaces by a combined use of bacteriophages and probiotics: potential as sanitizing agents. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:1015-1026. [PMID: 30104889 PMCID: PMC6071622 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s170071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Many hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) can be transmitted by pathogens contaminating hospital surfaces, not efficiently controlled by conventional sanitation, which can indeed contribute to the selection of MDR strains. Bacteriophages have been suggested as decontaminating agents, based on their selective ability to kill specific bacteria. However, there are no data on their stability in detergents and their potential use in routine sanitation. On the other hand, a probiotic-based sanitation system (Probiotic Cleaning Hygiene System, PCHS) was recently shown to stably reduce pathogens on treated surfaces. However, its action is not specific and slow, being based on competitive antagonism. This work aimed to assess the effectiveness of a combined use of phages and PCHS in removing HAI-associated pathogens from different hard surfaces. Materials and methods The decontamination ability of phages in PCHS was tested in vitro and in situ, against drug-susceptible or resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, and using bacterial densities similar to those detected on hospital surfaces. Results Phages targeted efficiently all tested bacteria, maintaining their full activity when added to the PCHS detergent. Notably, the combined use of phages and PCHS not only resulted in a rapid reduction (up to >90%) of the targeted pathogens, but also, due to the stabilizing effect of probiotics, the pathogens were maintained at low levels (>99%) at later times too, when instead the effect of phages tends to diminish. Conclusion These results suggest that a combined biological system might be successfully used in hospital sanitation protocols, potentially leading to effective and safe elimination of MDR pathogens from the hospital environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D'Accolti
- CIAS Interdepartmental Centre, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy,
| | - Irene Soffritti
- CIAS Interdepartmental Centre, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy,
| | - Micol Piffanelli
- CIAS Interdepartmental Centre, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy,
| | - Matteo Bisi
- CIAS Interdepartmental Centre, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy,
| | - Sante Mazzacane
- CIAS Interdepartmental Centre, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy,
| | - Elisabetta Caselli
- CIAS Interdepartmental Centre, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy, .,Section of Microbiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy,
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Caselli E, Brusaferro S, Coccagna M, Arnoldo L, Berloco F, Antonioli P, Tarricone R, Pelissero G, Nola S, La Fauci V, Conte A, Tognon L, Villone G, Trua N, Mazzacane S. Reducing healthcare-associated infections incidence by a probiotic-based sanitation system: A multicentre, prospective, intervention study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199616. [PMID: 30001345 PMCID: PMC6042698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthcare Associated Infections (HAI) are a global concern, further threatened by the increasing drug resistance of HAI-associated pathogens. On the other hand, persistent contamination of hospital surfaces contributes to HAI transmission, and it is not efficiently controlled by conventional cleaning, which does not prevent recontamination, has a high environmental impact and can favour selection of drug-resistant microbial strains. In the search for effective approaches, an eco-sustainable probiotic-based cleaning system (Probiotic Cleaning Hygiene System, PCHS) was recently shown to stably abate surface pathogens, without selecting antibiotic-resistant species. The aim of this study was to determine whether PCHS application could impact on HAI incidence. A multicentre, pre-post interventional study was performed for 18 months in the Internal Medicine wards of six Italian public hospitals (January 1st 2016-June 30th 2017). The intervention consisted of the substitution of conventional sanitation with PCHS, maintaining unaltered any other procedure influencing HAI control. HAI incidence in the pre and post-intervention period was the main outcome measure. Surface bioburden was also analyzed in parallel. Globally, 11,842 patients and 24,875 environmental samples were surveyed. PCHS was associated with a significant decrease of HAI cumulative incidence from a global 4.8% (284 patients with HAI over 5,930 total patients) to 2.3% (128 patients with HAI over 5,531 total patients) (OR = 0.44, CI 95% 0.35-0.54) (P<0.0001). Concurrently, PCHS was associated with a stable decrease of surface pathogens, compared to conventional sanitation (mean decrease 83%, range 70-96.3%), accompanied by a concurrent up to 2 Log drop of surface microbiota drug-resistance genes (P<0.0001; Pc = 0.008). Our study provides findings which support the impact of a sanitation procedure on HAI incidence, showing that the use of a probiotic-based environmental intervention can be associated with a significant decrease of the risk to contract a HAI during hospitalization. Once confirmed in larger experiences and other target populations, this eco-sustainable approach might be considered as a part of infection control and prevention (IPC) strategies. Trial registration-ISRCTN International Clinical Trials Registry, ISRCTN58986947.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Caselli
- Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- CIAS Interdepartmental Research Centre, Departments of Medical Sciences and Architecture, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Maddalena Coccagna
- CIAS Interdepartmental Research Centre, Departments of Medical Sciences and Architecture, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Arnoldo
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Filippo Berloco
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Roma, Italy
| | - Paola Antonioli
- Department of Infection Prevention Control and Risk Management, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rosanna Tarricone
- Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management (CERGAS), Department of Policy Analysis and Public Management, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pelissero
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Vincenza La Fauci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Dental and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Tognon
- Ospedale di Santa Maria del Prato, Feltre (Belluno), Italy
| | - Giovanni Villone
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nelso Trua
- Ospedale Sant’Antonio Abate, Tolmezzo (Udine), Italy
| | - Sante Mazzacane
- CIAS Interdepartmental Research Centre, Departments of Medical Sciences and Architecture, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - for the SAN-ICA Study Group
- Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- CIAS Interdepartmental Research Centre, Departments of Medical Sciences and Architecture, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Roma, Italy
- Department of Infection Prevention Control and Risk Management, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
- Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management (CERGAS), Department of Policy Analysis and Public Management, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Azienda USL di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Dental and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Ospedale di Santa Maria del Prato, Feltre (Belluno), Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- Ospedale Sant’Antonio Abate, Tolmezzo (Udine), Italy
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Advancements in agriculture and food processing techniques have been instrumental in the development of modern human societies. Vast improvements in agronomic practices, handling, and processing have allowed us to produce and preserve mass quantities of food. Yet despite all these innovations and potentially as a consequence of these mass production practices, more and more outbreaks of human pathogens linked to raw and processed foods are identified every year. It is evident that our increased capacity for microbial detection has contributed to the greater number of outbreaks detected. However, our understanding of how these events originate and what agronomic, packaging, and environmental factors influence the survival, persistence, and proliferation of human pathogens remains of scientific debate. This review seeks to identify those past and current challenges to the safety of fresh produce and focuses on production practices and how those impact produce safety. It reflects on 20 years of research, industry guidelines, and federal standards and how they have evolved to our current understanding of fresh produce safety. This document is not intended to summarize and describe all fruit and vegetable farming practices across the United States and the rest of the world. We understand the significant differences in production practices that exist across regions. This review highlights those general farming practices that significantly impact past and current food safety issues. It focuses on current and future research needs and on preharvest food safety control measures in fresh-produce safety that could provide insight into the mechanisms of pathogen contamination, survival, and inactivation under field and packinghouse conditions.
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Timmis K, de Lorenzo V, Verstraete W, Ramos JL, Danchin A, Brüssow H, Singh BK, Timmis JK. The contribution of microbial biotechnology to economic growth and employment creation. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:1137-1144. [PMID: 28868756 PMCID: PMC5609265 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Our communication discusses the profound impact of bio-based economies - in particular microbial biotechnologies - on SDG 8: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all. A bio-based economy provides significant potential for improving labour supply, education and investment, and thereby for substantially increasing the demographic dividend. This, in turn, improves the sustainable development of economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Timmis
- Institute of MicrobiologyTechnical University of BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | | | - Willy Verstraete
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET)Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | | | | | | | - Brajesh K. Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithSAAustralia
| | - James Kenneth Timmis
- Student MSc Health PolicyDepartment of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonUK
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Timmis JK, Timmis K. The DIY Digital Medical Centre. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:1084-1093. [PMID: 28840966 PMCID: PMC5609225 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthcare systems worldwide are confronted with major economic, organizational and logistical challenges. Historic evolution of health care has led to significant healthcare sector fragmentation, resulting in systemic inefficiencies and suboptimal resource exploitation. To attain a sustainable healthcare model, fundamental, system-wide improvements that effectively network, and ensure fulfilment of potential synergies between sectors, and include and facilitate coherent strategic planning and organisation of healthcare infrastructure are needed. Critically, they must be specifically designed to sustainably achieve peak performance within the current policy environment for cost-control, and efficiency and quality improvement for service delivery. We propose creation of a new healthcare cluster, to be embedded in existing healthcare systems. It consists of (i) local 24/7 walk-in virtually autonomous do-it-yourself Digital Medical Centres performing routine diagnosis, monitoring, prevention, treatment and standardized documentation and health outcome assessment/reporting, which are online interfaced with (ii) regional 24/7 eClinician Centres providing on-demand clinical supervision/assistance to Digital Medical Centre patients. Both of these are, in turn, online interfaced with (iii) the National Clinical Informatics Centre, which houses the national patient data centre (cloud) and data analysis units that conduct patient- and population-level, personalized and predictive(-medicine) intervention optimization analyses. The National Clinical Informatics Centre also interfaces with biomedical research and prioritizes and accelerates the translation of new discoveries into clinical practice. The associated Health Policy Innovation and Evaluation Centre rapidly integrates new findings with health policy/regulatory discussions. This new cluster would synergistically link all health system components in a circular format, enable not only access by all arms of the health service to latest patient data, but also automatic algorithm analysis and prediction of clinical development of individual patients, reduce bureaucratic burden on medical professionals by enabling a greater level of focus of their expertise on non-routine medical tasks, lead to automatic translation of aggregate patient data/new knowledge into medical practice, and orient future evolution of health systems towards greater cohesion/integration and hence efficiency. A central plank of the proposed concept is increased emphasis on reduction of disease incidence and severity, to diminish both patient suffering and treatment costs. This will be achieved at the individual and population levels, through (i) significantly improved access to medical services, (ii) stronger focus on primary and secondary prevention and early treatment measures, and disease susceptibility prediction via personalized medicine, involving inter alia genome analysis at birth and periodic analysis of microbiomes and biomarkers, and integration with other patient health and epidemiology parameters, (iii) improved surveillance and (iv) intervention outcome benchmarking. The dMCs will become drivers of innovation and integrative evolution in health systems, of disease reduction and efficiency gains, and thus major contributors to development of sustainability of health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kenneth Timmis
- Student MSc Health PolicyDepartment of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Kenneth Timmis
- Department of MicrobiologyTechnical University of BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
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Caselli E. Hygiene: microbial strategies to reduce pathogens and drug resistance in clinical settings. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:1079-1083. [PMID: 28677216 PMCID: PMC5609343 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare‐associated infections (HAIs) are a global concern, affecting all western hospitals, and profoundly impairing the clinical outcome of up to 15% of all hospitalized patients. Persistent microbial contamination of hospital surfaces has been suggested to contribute to HAIs onset, representing a reservoir for hospital pathogens. On the other hand, conventional chemicals‐based sanitation do not prevent recontamination and can select drug‐resistant strains, resulting in over 50% of surfaces persistently contaminated. There is therefore an urgent need for alternative sustainable and effective ways to control pathogens contamination and transmission. Toward this goal, we recently reported that a probiotic‐based sanitation can stably decrease surface pathogens up to 90% more than conventional disinfectants, without selecting resistant species. This paper summarizes some of our most significant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Caselli
- CIAS, Section of Microbiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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