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Zhang H, Zhang N, Li J, Zhao P, Li X, Wang X, Zhang X, Yuan B, Gao F, Gong P, Zhang X. Development of Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction with Novel Specific Primers for Detection of Tritrichomonas muris Infection in Laboratory Mice. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3177. [PMID: 37893900 PMCID: PMC10603715 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of rodent ceca are parasitized by Tritrichomonas muris (T. muris), a flagellated protozoan. To date, there are no ideal methods for the detection of T. muris infections in laboratory mice; thus, new molecular methodologies for its specific detection need to be developed. In this study, using staining and SEM, it was observed that T. muris has a pear-shaped body and contains three anterior flagella. A nested PCR system with novel specific primers was designed based on the conserved regions of the SSU rRNA gene of T. muris. The nested PCR system for T. muris showed good specificity and high sensitivity for at least 100 T. muris trophozoites/mL and 0.1 ng/μL of fecal genomic DNA, which means that 176 trophozoites per gram of mouse feces could be detected. When using this nested PCR system, the detection rate was 18.96% (58/306), which was higher than the detection rate of 14.05% (43/306) detected via smear microscopy in fecal samples from five mouse strains. The sensitivity and specificity of nested PCR in detecting T. muris was found to be 100%, and it demonstrated a 26% increase in diagnostic sensitivity compared to the smear microscopy method in the present study. In conclusion, the nested PCR developed with novel primers based on the SSU rRNA gene of T. muris has good accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity for the detection of T. muris infections in laboratory mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (H.Z.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (P.Z.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (H.Z.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (P.Z.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jianhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (H.Z.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (P.Z.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Panpan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (H.Z.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (P.Z.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (H.Z.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (P.Z.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaocen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (H.Z.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (P.Z.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (H.Z.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (P.Z.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Bao Yuan
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (B.Y.); (F.G.)
| | - Fei Gao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (B.Y.); (F.G.)
| | - Pengtao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (H.Z.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (P.Z.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xichen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (H.Z.); (N.Z.); (J.L.); (P.Z.); (X.L.); (X.W.); (X.Z.)
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Song J, Sun J, Wang Y, Ding Y, Zhang S, Ma X, Chang F, Fan B, Liu H, Bao C, Meng W. CeRNA network identified hsa-miR-17-5p, hsa-miR-106a-5p and hsa-miR-2355-5p as potential diagnostic biomarkers for tuberculosis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33117. [PMID: 36930090 PMCID: PMC10019109 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the regulatory non-coding RNAs in the pathological process of tuberculosis (TB), and identify novel diagnostic biomarkers. A longitudinal study was conducted in 5 newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients, peripheral blood samples were collected before and after anti-TB treatment for 6 months, separately. After whole transcriptome sequencing, the differentially expressed RNAs (DE RNAs) were filtrated with |log2 (fold change) | > log2(1.5) and P value < .05 as screening criteria. Then functional annotation was actualized by gene ontology enrichment analysis, and enrichment pathway analysis was conducted by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. And finally, the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network was established according to the interaction of ceRNA pairs and miRNA-mRNA pairs. Five young women were recruited and completed this study. Based on the differential expression analysis, a total of 1469 mRNAs, 996 long non-coding RNAs, 468 circular RNAs, and 86 miRNAs were filtrated as DE RNAs. Functional annotation demonstrated that those DE-mRNAs were strongly involved in the cellular process (n = 624), metabolic process (n = 513), single-organism process (n = 505), cell (n = 651), cell part (n = 650), organelle (n = 569), and binding (n = 629). Enrichment pathway analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in HTLV-l infection, T cell receptor signaling pathway, glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis-heparan sulfate/heparin, and Hippo signaling pathway. CeRNA networks revealed that hsa-miR-17-5p, hsa-miR-106a-5p and hsa-miR-2355-5p might be regarded as potential diagnostic biomarkers for TB. Immunomodulation-related genes are differentially expressed in TB patients, and hsa-miR-106a-5p, hsa-miR-17-5p, hsa-miR-2355-5p might serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiaguan Sun
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- The 4th People’s Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Yuehe Ding
- The 4th People’s Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Shengrong Zhang
- The 4th People’s Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Xiuzhen Ma
- The 4th People’s Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Fengxia Chang
- The 4th People’s Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Bingdong Fan
- The 4th People’s Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Hongjuan Liu
- The 4th People’s Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Chenglan Bao
- The 4th People’s Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Weimin Meng
- The 4th People’s Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
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Mao LR, Du JP, Wang XC, Xu LF, Zhang YP, Sun QS, Shi ZL, Xing YR, Su YX, Wang SJ, Wang J, Ma JL, Zhang JY. Long-Term Immunogenicity and In Vitro Prophylactic Protective Efficacy of M. tuberculosis Fusion Protein DR2 Combined with Liposomal Adjuvant DIMQ as a Boosting Vaccine for BCG. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:593-608. [PMID: 36808986 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The resuscitation of dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an important cause of adult tuberculosis (TB) transmission. According to the interaction mechanism between M. tuberculosis and the host, the latency antigen Rv0572c and region of difference 9 (RD9) antigen Rv3621c were selected in this study to prepare the fusion protein DR2. Stimulating clinically diagnosed active tuberculosis infections (i.e., TB patients), latent tuberculosis infections, and healthy controls confirmed that T lymphocytes could recognize DR2 protein in the peripheral blood of TB-infected individuals more than subcomponent protein. The DR2 protein was then emulsified in the liposome adjuvant dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide, and imiquimod (DIMQ) was administered to C57BL/6 mice immunized with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine to evaluate their immunogenicity. Studies have shown that DR2/DIMQ, a booster vaccine for BCG primary immunization, can elicit robust CD4+ Th1 cell immune response and predominant IFN-γ+ CD4+ effector memory T cells (TEM) subsets. Furthermore, the serum antibody level and the expression of related cytokines increased significantly with the extension of immunization time, with IL2+, CD4+, or CD8+ central memory T cells (TCM) subsets predominant in the long term. This immunization strategy showed matched prophylactic protective efficacy by performing in vitro challenge experiment. This result provides robust evidence that the novel subunit vaccine prepared by fusion protein DR2 combined with liposomal adjuvant DIMQ is a promising TB vaccine candidate for further preclinical trials as a booster vaccine for BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rong Mao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Jian-Peng Du
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Li-Fa Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Yan-Peng Zhang
- Department of Cosmetology, School of Medicine, Huainan Union University, Huainan 232038, China
| | - Qi-Shan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huainan Chaoyang Hospital, Huainan 232007, China
| | - Zi-Lun Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232035, China
| | - Ying-Ru Xing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Anhui Zhongke Gengjiu Hospital, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Yi-Xin Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232035, China
| | - Sheng-Jian Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huainan Chaoyang Hospital, Huainan 232007, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Ji-Lei Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Jing-Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China
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Yan Z, Wang X, Yi L, Yang B, Wei P, Ruan H, Wang J, Yang X, Zhang H. Enhanced Serum IgG Detection Potential Using 38KD-MPT32-MPT64, CFP10-Mtb81-EspC Fusion Protein and Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) for Human Tuberculosis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121545. [PMID: 36558879 PMCID: PMC9787591 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For the rapid, reliable, and cost-effective methods of tuberculosis (TB) auxiliary diagnosis, antibody (Ab) detection to multiple antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has great potential; however, this methodology requires optimization. We constructed 38KD-MPT32-MPT64, CFP10-Mtb81-EspC, and Ag85B-HBHA fusion proteins and evaluated the serum Ab response to these fusion proteins and to lipoarabinomannan (LAM) by ELISA in 50 TB patients and 17 non-TB subjects. IgG responses to the three fusion proteins and to LAM were significantly higher in TB patients, especially in Xpert Mtb-positive TB patients (TB-Xpert+), than in non-TB subjects. Only the anti-38KD-MPT32-MPT64 Ab showed higher levels in the Xpert Mtb-negative TB patients (TB-Xpert-) than in the non-TB, and only the anti-LAM Ab showed higher levels in the TB-Xpert+ group than in the TB-Xpert- group. Anti-Ag85B-HBHA Ab-positive samples could be accurately identified using 38KD-MPT32-MPT64. The combination of 38KD-MPT32-MPT64, CFP10-Mtb81-EspC, and LAM conferred definite complementarity for the serum IgG detection of TB, with relatively high sensitivity (74.0%) and specificity (88.2%). These data suggest that the combination of 38KD-MPT32-MPT64, CFP10-Mtb81-EspC, and LAM antigens provided a basis for IgG detection and for evaluation of the humoral immune response in patients with TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohong Yan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Xiaojue Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Ling Yi
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Panjian Wei
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Hongyun Ruan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Xinting Yang
- The Third Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (H.Z.)
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Kang YJ, Park H, Park SB, Lee J, Hyun H, Jung M, Lee EJ, Je MA, Kim J, Lee YS, Kim S. High Procalcitonin, C-Reactive Protein, and α-1 Acid Glycoprotein Levels in Whole Blood Samples Could Help Rapid Discrimination of Active Tuberculosis from Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Healthy Individuals. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10101928. [PMID: 36296203 PMCID: PMC9611162 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) management is important for prompt discrimination of latent TB infection (LTBI) from active TB and proper treatment. Whole blood Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) is used to diagnose LTBI based on the secretion of IFN-γ by T-cells in the whole blood by using a specific antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, the ability of IGRA to distinguish active TB from LTBI is considerably limited. Distinguishing active TB from LTBI is necessary to identify indicators that can be used to effectively manage TB and develop diagnostic methods. In the present study, we used a Luminex multiplex bead array (a bead-based antibody−antigen sandwich method). The whole blood level of acute phase proteins (APPs), such as endoglin (ENG), procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), in active TB, LTBI, and healthy individuals were analyzed and quantified. The APP test results for the serum and whole blood samples showed that the levels of PCT, CRP, and AGP were significantly increased (p < 0.0500; area under curve = 0.955) in active TB. The level of these markers in the whole blood of active TB, LTBI, and healthy individuals could provide data for effective diagnosis and treatment of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jeong Kang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Good Samsun Hospital, Busan 47007, Korea
| | - Heechul Park
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
- Clinical Trial Specialist Program for In Vitro Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
| | - Sung-Bae Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Masan University, Changwon 51217, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Research Institute of Dream DX Inc., Busan 46252, Korea
| | - Hyanglan Hyun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
- Clinical Trial Specialist Program for In Vitro Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
| | - Minju Jung
- Clinical Trial Specialist Program for In Vitro Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
- Department of Forensic Science, Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
- Clinical Trial Specialist Program for In Vitro Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
| | - Min-A Je
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
- Clinical Trial Specialist Program for In Vitro Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
| | - Jungho Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
| | - Yong Sung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Good Samsun Hospital, Busan 47007, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.S.L.); (S.K.); Tel.: +82-10-6418-3619 (Y.S.L.); +82-51-510-0560 (S.K.); Fax: +82-51-510-0568 (S.K.)
| | - Sunghyun Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
- Clinical Trial Specialist Program for In Vitro Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.S.L.); (S.K.); Tel.: +82-10-6418-3619 (Y.S.L.); +82-51-510-0560 (S.K.); Fax: +82-51-510-0568 (S.K.)
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Gong W, Liang Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Xue Y, Mi J, Li P, Wang X, Wang L, Wu X. Prediction of Th1 and Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Epitopes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Evaluation of Their Potential in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in a Mouse Model and in Humans. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0143822. [PMID: 35938824 PMCID: PMC9430503 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01438-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is the primary source of tuberculosis (TB) but there is no suitable detection method to distinguish LTBI from active tuberculosis (ATB). In this study, five antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis belonging to LTBI and regions of difference (RDs) were selected to predict Th1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes. The immunodominant Th1 and CTL peptides were identified in mouse models, and their performance in distinguishing LTBI from ATB was determined in mice and humans. Ten Th1 and ten CTL immunodominant peptides were predicted and synthesized in vitro. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay results showed that the combination of five Th1 peptides (area under the curve [AUC] = 1, P < 0.0001; sensitivity = 100% and specificity = 93.33%), the combination of seven CTL peptides (AUC = 1, P < 0.0001; 100 and 95.24%), and the combination of four peptide pools (AUC = 1, P < 0.0001; sensitivity = 100% and specificity = 91.67%) could significantly discriminate mice with LTBI from mice with ATB or uninfected controls (UCs). The combined peptides or peptide pools induced significantly different cytokine levels between the three groups, improving their ability to differentiate ATB from LTBI. Furthermore, it was found that pool 2 could distinguish patients with ATB from UCs (AUC = 0.6728, P = 0.0041; sensitivity = 72.58% and specificity = 59.46%). The combination of Th1 and CTL immunodominant peptides derived from LTBI-RD antigens might be a promising strategy for diagnosing ATB and LTBI in mice and patients with ATB and uninfected controls. IMPORTANCE Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a challenging problem in preventing, diagnosing, and treating tuberculosis (TB). The innate and adaptive immune responses are essential for eliminating or killing the mycobacteria. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) present and display mycobacterium peptides on their surfaces, and recognition between T cells and APCs is based on some essential peptides rather than the full-length protein. Therefore, the selection of candidate antigens and the prediction and screening of potential immunodominant peptides have become a key to designing a new generation of TB diagnostic biomarkers. This study is the first to report that the combination of Th1 and CTL immunodominant peptides derived from LTBI-RD antigens can distinguish LTBI from active TB (ATB) in animals and ATB patients from uninfected individuals. These findings provide a novel insight for discovering potential biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of ATB and LTBI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Gong
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinping Liu
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Xue
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Mi
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pengchuan Li
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoou Wang
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqiong Wu
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Dong B, He Z, Li Y, Xu X, Wang C, Zeng J. Improved Conventional and New Approaches in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:924410. [PMID: 35711765 PMCID: PMC9195135 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.924410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). Timely diagnosis and effective treatment are essential in the control of TB. Conventional smear microscopy still has low sensitivity and is unable to reveal the drug resistance of this bacterium. The traditional culture-based diagnosis is time-consuming, since usually the results are available after 3–4 weeks. Molecular biology methods fail to differentiate live from dead M. tuberculosis, while diagnostic immunology methods fail to distinguish active from latent TB. In view of these limitations of the existing detection techniques, in addition to the continuous emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant TB, in recent years there has been an increase in the demand for simple, rapid, accurate and economical point-of-care approaches. This review describes the development, evaluation, and implementation of conventional diagnostic methods for TB and the rapid new approaches for the detection of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Dong
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqun He
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyue Xu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jumei Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Novel serological biomarker panel using protein microarray can distinguish active TB from latent TB infection. Microbes Infect 2022; 24:105002. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.105002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wykowski JH, Phillips C, Ngo T, Drain PK. A systematic review of potential screening biomarkers for active TB disease. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2021; 25:100284. [PMID: 34805557 PMCID: PMC8590066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2021.100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The standard TB Four Symptom Screen does not meet the World Health Organization (WHO) ideal screening criteria for having greater than 90% sensitivity to identify active TB disease, regardless of HIV status. To identify novel screening biomarkers for active TB, we performed a systematic review of any cohort or case-control study reporting associations between screening biomarkers and active TB disease. METHODS We searched PubMed and Embase for articles published before October 10, 2021. We included studies from high or medium tuberculosis burden countries. We excluded articles focusing on C-reactive protein and lipoarabinomannan. For all included biomarkers, we calculated sensitivity, specificity and 95% confidence intervals, and assessed study quality using a tool adapted from the QUADAS-2 risk of bias. RESULTS From 8,062 abstracts screened, we included 79 articles. The articles described 302 unique biomarkers, including host antibodies, host proteins, TB antigens, microRNAs, whole blood gene PCRs, and combinations of biomarkers. Of these, 23 biomarkers had sensitivity greater than 90% and specificity greater than 70%, meeting WHO criteria for an ideal screening test. Among the eleven biomarkers described in people living with HIV, only one had a sensitivity greater than 90% and specificity greater than 70% for active TB. CONCLUSION Further evaluation of biomarkers of active TB should be pursued to accelerate identification of TB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. Wykowski
- Department of Medicine, 925 9 Ave Seattle, WA 98104, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Chris Phillips
- Department of Global Health, 925 9 Ave Seattle, WA 98104, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Thao Ngo
- Department of Global Health, 925 9 Ave Seattle, WA 98104, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Paul K. Drain
- Department of Medicine, 925 9 Ave Seattle, WA 98104, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Department of Global Health, 925 9 Ave Seattle, WA 98104, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, 925 9 Ave Seattle, WA 98104, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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10
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Gong W, Wu X. Differential Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Active Tuberculosis: A Key to a Successful Tuberculosis Control Strategy. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:745592. [PMID: 34745048 PMCID: PMC8570039 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.745592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As an ancient infectious disease, tuberculosis (TB) is still the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent worldwide. Latent TB infection (LTBI) has been recognized as the largest source of new TB cases and is one of the biggest obstacles to achieving the aim of the End TB Strategy. The latest data indicate that a considerable percentage of the population with LTBI and the lack of differential diagnosis between LTBI and active TB (aTB) may be potential reasons for the high TB morbidity and mortality in countries with high TB burdens. The tuberculin skin test (TST) has been used to diagnose TB for > 100 years, but it fails to distinguish patients with LTBI from those with aTB and people who have received Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination. To overcome the limitations of TST, several new skin tests and interferon-gamma release assays have been developed, such as the Diaskintest, C-Tb skin test, EC-Test, and T-cell spot of the TB assay, QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube, QuantiFERON-TB Gold-Plus, LIAISON QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus test, and LIOFeron TB/LTBI. However, these methods cannot distinguish LTBI from aTB. To investigate the reasons why all these methods cannot distinguish LTBI from aTB, we have explained the concept and definition of LTBI and expounded on the immunological mechanism of LTBI in this review. In addition, we have outlined the research status, future directions, and challenges of LTBI differential diagnosis, including novel biomarkers derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and hosts, new models and algorithms, omics technologies, and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Gong
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqiong Wu
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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11
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Serological detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis complex infection in multiple hosts by One Universal ELISA. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257920. [PMID: 34618810 PMCID: PMC8496862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a contagious disease mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), and Mycobacterium caprae (M. caprae), poses a major global threat to the health of humans and many species of animals. Developing an ante-mortem detection technique for different species would be of significance in improving the surveillance employing a One Health strategy. To achieve this goal, a universal indirect ELISA was established for serologically detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection for multiple live hosts by using a fusion protein of MPB70, MPB83, ESAT6, and CFP10 common in M. tb, M. bovis, and M. caprae as the coating antigen (MMEC) and HRP-labeled fusion protein A and G as a secondary antibody. After testing the known positive and negative sera, the receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to decide the cut-off values. Then, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of MMEC/AG-iELISA were determined as 100.00% (95% CI: 96.90%, 100.00%) and 100.00% (95% CI: 98.44%, 100.00%) for M. bovis infection of cattle, 100.00% (95% CI: 95.00%, 100.00%) and 100.0% (95% CI: 96.80%, 100.00%) for M. bovis infection of sheep, 90.74% (95% CI: 80.09%, 95.98%) and 98.63% (95% CI: 95.14%, 99.76%) for M. bovis infection of cervids, 100.00% (95% CI: 15.81%, 100.00%) and 98.81% (95% CI: 93.54%, 99.97%) for M. bovis infection of monkeys, 100.00% (95% CI: 86.82%, 100.00%) and 94.85% (95% CI: 91.22%, 97.03%) for M. tb infection of humans. Furthermore, this MMEC/AG-iELISA likely detects M. caprae infection in roe deer. Thus this method has a promising application in serological TB surveillance for multiple animal species thereby providing evidence for taking further action in TB control.
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12
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Fossati A, Richards AL, Chen KH, Jaganath D, Cattamanchi A, Ernst JD, Swaney DL. Toward Comprehensive Plasma Proteomics by Orthogonal Protease Digestion. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:4031-4040. [PMID: 34319755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and consistent protein identification across large clinical cohorts is an important goal for clinical proteomics. With the development of data-independent technologies (DIA/SWATH-MS), it is now possible to analyze hundreds of samples with great reproducibility and quantitative accuracy. However, this technology benefits from empirically derived spectral libraries that define the detectable set of peptides and proteins. Here, we apply a simple and accessible tip-based workflow for the generation of spectral libraries to provide a comprehensive overview on the plasma proteome in individuals with and without active tuberculosis (TB). To boost protein coverage, we utilized nonconventional proteases such as GluC and AspN together with the gold standard trypsin, identifying more than 30,000 peptides mapping to 3309 proteins. Application of this library to quantify plasma proteome differences in TB infection recovered more than 400 proteins in 50 min of MS acquisition, including diagnostic Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) proteins that have previously been detectable primarily by antibody-based assays and intracellular proteins not previously described to be in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fossati
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Alicia L Richards
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Kuei-Ho Chen
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Devan Jaganath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,Center for Tuberculosis, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Adithya Cattamanchi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,Center for Tuberculosis, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Joel D Ernst
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Danielle L Swaney
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.,J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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13
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Li Z, Hu J, Liu P, Cui D, Di H, Wu S. Microarray-based selection of a serum biomarker panel that can discriminate between latent and active pulmonary TB. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14516. [PMID: 34267288 PMCID: PMC8282789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial culture of M. tuberculosis (MTB), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), from clinical specimens is the gold standard for laboratory diagnosis of TB, but is slow and culture-negative TB cases are common. Alternative immune-based and molecular approaches have been developed, but cannot discriminate between active TB (ATB) and latent TB (LTBI). Here, to identify biomarkers that can discriminate between ATB and LTBI/healthy individuals (HC), we profiled 116 serum samples (HC, LTBI and ATB) using a protein microarray containing 257 MTB secreted proteins, identifying 23 antibodies against MTB antigens that were present at significantly higher levels in patients with ATB than in those with LTBI and HC (Fold change > 1.2; p < 0.05). A 4-protein biomarker panel (Rv0934, Rv3881c, Rv1860 and Rv1827), optimized using SAM and ROC analysis, had a sensitivity of 67.3% and specificity of 91.2% for distinguishing ATB from LTBI, and 71.2% sensitivity and 96.3% specificity for distinguishing ATB from HC. Validation of the four candidate biomarkers in ELISA assays using 440 serum samples gave consistent results. The promising sensitivity and specificity of this biomarker panel suggest it merits further investigation for its potential as a diagnostic for discriminating between latent and active TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Li
- Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050041, China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050041, China
| | | | - Dan Cui
- Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050041, China
| | - Hongqin Di
- Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050041, China
| | - Shucai Wu
- Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050041, China.
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14
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Ma G, Wang P, Yang Y, Wang W, Ma J, Zhou L, Ouyang J, Li R, Zhang S. emPAI-assisted strategy enhances screening and assessment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection serological markers. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:1827-1838. [PMID: 34173722 PMCID: PMC8313264 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovering new serological markers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection and establishing a rapid and efficient detection technology is of great significance for the prevention and control of tuberculosis. In this study, we established an exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI) value-assisted strategy to investigate and improve the screening efficiency of serological biomarkers of tuberculosis. First, we used LC-MS/MS to analyse MTB culture filtrate proteins (MTB-CFPs), and 632 MTB proteins were identified. Then, the characteristic values of MTB-CFPs - including emPAI value, molecular weight (Mw), isoelectric point (pI), grand average of hydropathy (GRAVY), transmembrane domain (TMD) and functional groups were calculated. Next, we successfully prepared 10 MTB proteins with emPAI value > 1.0 and recombinantly expressed these proteins in Escherichia coli. At the same time, 3 MTB proteins with emPAI between 0.1 and 0.5 were randomly selected as the control groups, and the immunogenicity of the recombinant MTB proteins was detected using ELISA. The sensitivity and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated for each recombinant MTB protein. The results showed that the areas under the curve (AUC) value of Rv2031c, Rv0577, Rv0831c, Rv0934 and Rv3248c were all higher than those of Rv3875 (AUC, 0.6643). Further analysis of the relationship between emPAI value and antibody sensitivity, AUC value and antibody affinity in mice immunized with recombinant MTB protein showed that emPAI values were positively correlated with them, and R-squared value ranged from 0.64 to 0.79. The only exception was ESAT-6 (encoded by the Rv3875 gene), which AUC value was relatively low owing to its strong immunosuppressive properties. This study provides a rationale for the serological marker screening of emPAI-assisted tuberculosis clinical test. The results also provide new technical support for the screening of candidate serological markers of infectious diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Ma
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious DiseasesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Pei Wang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Yanhui Yang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious DiseasesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Biological Science and EngineeringNorthern University for NationalitiesYinchuan750021China
| | - Jinhua Ma
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious DiseasesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Lin Zhou
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious DiseasesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Junlin Ouyang
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Common Infectious DiseasesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China
| | - Rongxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial MetabolismSchool of Life Sciences & BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
| | - Shulin Zhang
- Department of Immunology and MicrobiologySchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200025China
- Tuberculosis Research CenterSchool of MedicineShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterShanghai201508China
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15
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Use of Rv0222-Rv2657c-Rv1509 Fusion Protein to Improve the Accuracy of an Antibody ELISA for Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Humans. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070828. [PMID: 34209358 PMCID: PMC8308687 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Tuberculosis (TB) in humans is a serious chronic epidemic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb). The diagnosis of TB, especially extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB), is difficult. Isolation of M. tb from culture has a low sensitivity in patients with TB and an even lower sensitivity in cases of EPTB. Although Xpert MTB/RIF assays and serological tests are more sensitive than the above tests, they still lack sensitivity for EPTB diagnosis. (2) Methods: To improve the accuracy of TB diagnosis, a Rv0222-Rv2657c-Rv1509 fusion protein based iELISA was constructed, the diagnosis of TB, pulmonary TB (PTB) and EPTB was then evaluated. Sera of 40 TB patients including 14 with PTB, 14 with EPTB and 12 with no information about the form of TB, and five pneumonia patients were investigated. (3) Results: The sensitivity of the ELISA in TB, PTB and EPTB patients was 80% (95% CI: 64.4, 90.9%), 85.7% (95% CI: 57.2, 98.2%) and 92.8% (95% CI: 66.1, 99.8%), respectively, with a specificity of 70% (95% CI: 53.5, 83.4%). Both the sensitivity and specificity with this fusion protein were higher than for CFP10/ESAT6 (used as reference antigen) fusion protein (71.4%; 95% CI: 41.9, 91.6%, and 67.5%; 95% CI: 50.9, 81.4%), respectively, in cases of EPTB. All pneumonia patients’ sera tested negative in both ELISAs. (4) Conclusion: use of these new fusion proteins as antigens in serological assays has the potential to improve the diagnosis of all forms of TB in humans, especially EPTB.
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16
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Kang YJ, Park H, Park SB, Kim J, Lee J, Kim J, Park S, Lee YS, Kim S. Combined analysis of whole blood interferon gamma release assay and complete blood count analysis for rapid discrimination of active tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2021; 24:100253. [PMID: 34278005 PMCID: PMC8262775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2021.100253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is a serious
infectious disease with high infection and mortality rates and is a public
health problem around the world. According to the World Health Organization
(WHO) report, one-third of the world's population is latently infected with MTB,
and 5 to 10% of those with latent TB infection (LTBI) have the potential to
develop active TB once in their lifetime. Therefore, TB management for promptly
distinguishing LTBI from active TB and for proper treatment is important. LTBI
is currently diagnosed using the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon gamma
(IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA). However, this test is substantially limited by its
inability to distinguish active TB from LTBI. It is necessary to discover
indicators that can be used for effective TB management and to develop
diagnostic methods. In the present study, we used IGRA and complete blood count
(CBC) analysis for discrimination of active TB, LTBI, and healthy control
groups. The results showed that the number of WBC was significantly increased in
the group with active TB (p < 0.0100) and level of
hemoglobin (Hb) was significantly decreased
(p < 0.0010) in the CBC than those of the healthy
control and LTBI groups. In the WBC differential count, the number of
neutrophils and monocytes were increased (p < 0.0010)
in active TB group, where as those of lymphocytes were significantly decreased
(p < 0.0100) in active TB group compared healthy
control group. Results verified that the levels of total WBC, Hb, neutrophils,
lymphocytes and monocytes were statistically significant
(p < 0.0500) and the AUC was approximately 0.8613.
In addition, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was
performed to confirm the clinical usefulness between active TB and healthy
control groups. In conclusion, based on these data demonstrated that the
usefulness of these potential indicators for differential diagnosis, according
to the result can be provided for effective diagnosis and treatment by comparing
the expression patterns of the markers in the whole blood of the active TB,
LTBI, and healthy control groups. Furthermore, this study needs to investigate a
larger number of clinical specimens later to develop biomarkers according to the
state of infection with MTB such as LTBI and active TB, as well as after
treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jeong Kang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Good Samsun Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Heechul Park
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Clinical Trial Specialist Program for In Vitro Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, the Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bae Park
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Clinical Trial Specialist Program for In Vitro Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, the Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Clinical Trial Specialist Program for In Vitro Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, the Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Clinical Trial Specialist Program for In Vitro Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, the Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Good Samsun Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Clinical Trial Specialist Program for In Vitro Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, the Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Republic of Korea
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17
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Hadizadeh Tasbiti A, Yari S, Siadat SD, Karimipoor M, Badmasti F, Masoumi M, Abdolrahimi F, Khanipour S, Hassanzadeh SM, Ghalami Nobar M, Yari F. Comparing mRNA expression and protein abundance in MDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Novel protein candidates, Rv0443, Rv0379 and Rv0147 as TB potential diagnostic or therapeutic targets. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 30:e00641. [PMID: 34189062 PMCID: PMC8220328 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a sizable public health threat in the world. This study was conducted to determine the differential protein composition between susceptible and MDRTB strains. Tuberculosis proteins were extracted by Triton™ X-114 and ammonium sulfate. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis protein spots were selected for identification by mass spectrometry and mRNA expression levels were measured by real- time PCR. 2DE-Western blot and T cell epitope prediction for identified proteins were made by the IEDB server. The result shows at least six protein spots (Rv0147, Rv3597c, Rv0379, Rv3699, Rv1392 and Rv0443) were differentially expressed in MDRTB isolates. However, difference in mRNA gene expression was not found in the six mRNA genes. 2DE-Western blot procedures indicated strong reaction against MDRTB proteins corresponds to 13, 16 and 55 kDa areas that might be used as new diagnostic tools. In conclusion, these MDRTB proteins identified in this study could be reliable TB diagnostic candidates or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Hadizadeh Tasbiti
- Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Research Dept. Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shamsi Yari
- Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Research Dept. Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Research Dept. Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Karimipoor
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Masoumi
- Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Research Dept. Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Abdolrahimi
- Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Research Dept. Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharareh Khanipour
- Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Research Dept. Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mostafa Ghalami Nobar
- Reference Health Laboratory, Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yari
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Immunological Characterization of Proteins Expressed by Genes Located in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific Genomic Regions Encoding the ESAT6-like Proteins. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9010027. [PMID: 33430286 PMCID: PMC7825740 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The 6 kDa early secreted antigen target (ESAT6) is a low molecular weight and highly immunogenic protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with relevance in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and subunit vaccine development. The gene encoding the ESAT6 protein is located in the M. tuberculosis-specific genomic region known as the region of difference (RD)1. There are 11 M. tuberculosis-specific RDs absent in all of the vaccine strains of BCG, and three of them (RD1, RD7, and RD9) encode immunodominant proteins. Each of these RDs has genes for a pair of ESAT6-like proteins. The immunological characterizations of all the possible proteins encoded by genes in RD1, RD7 and RD9 have shown that, besides ESAT-6 like proteins, several other proteins are major antigens useful for the development of subunit vaccines to substitute or supplement BCG. Furthermore, some of these proteins may replace the purified protein derivative of M. tuberculosis in the specific diagnosis of tuberculosis by using interferon-gamma release assays and/or tuberculin-type skin tests. At least three subunit vaccine candidates containing ESAT6-like proteins as antigen components of multimeric proteins have shown efficacy in phase 1 and phase II clinical trials in humans.
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19
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Peláez EC, Estevez MC, Mongui A, Menéndez MC, Toro C, Herrera-Sandoval OL, Robledo J, García MJ, Portillo PD, Lechuga LM. Detection and Quantification of HspX Antigen in Sputum Samples Using Plasmonic Biosensing: Toward a Real Point-of-Care (POC) for Tuberculosis Diagnosis. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:1110-1120. [PMID: 32233503 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Advancements that occurred during the last years in the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis infection, have prompted increased survival rates of patients. However, limitations related to the inefficiency of an early detection still remain; some techniques and laboratory methods do not have enough specificity and most instruments are expensive and require handling by trained staff. In order to contribute to a prompt and effective diagnosis of tuberculosis, we report the development of a portable, user-friendly, and low-cost biosensor device for its early detection. By using a label-free surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor, we have established a direct immunoassay for the direct detection and quantification of the heat shock protein X (HspX) of Mtb, a well-established biomarker of this pathogen, directly in pretreated sputum samples. The method relies on highly specific monoclonal antibodies that are previously immobilized on the plasmonic sensor surface. This technology allows for the direct detection of the biomarker without amplification steps, showing a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.63 ng mL-1 and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 2.12 ng mL-1. The direct analysis in pretreated sputum shows significant differences in the HspX concentration in patients with tuberculosis (with concentration levels in the order of 116-175 ng mL-1) compared with non-tuberculosis infected patients (values below the LOQ of the assay).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enelia Cristina Peláez
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group (NanoB2A), Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, CIBER-BBN and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico de la Industria Electro Electrónica y TIC (CIDEI), Calle 45a BIS # 19-09 Floor 2, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
- Corporación CorpoGen, Departamento Biotecnología Molecular, Carrera 4 # 20-41, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
- Research Cluster on Converging Sciences and Technology (NBIC), Universidad Central, Calle 21 #4-40, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Maria Carmen Estevez
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group (NanoB2A), Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, CIBER-BBN and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alvaro Mongui
- Corporación CorpoGen, Departamento Biotecnología Molecular, Carrera 4 # 20-41, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - M-Carmen Menéndez
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Salud Pública y Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, St Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Toro
- Department of Microbiology, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPaz, St/Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar L. Herrera-Sandoval
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico de la Industria Electro Electrónica y TIC (CIDEI), Calle 45a BIS # 19-09 Floor 2, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
- Research Cluster on Converging Sciences and Technology (NBIC), Universidad Central, Calle 21 #4-40, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Jaime Robledo
- Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Laboratorio de Micobacterias, Carrera 72A 78B-141, 050034 Medellín, Colombia
| | - Maria J. García
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Salud Pública y Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, St Arzobispo Morcillo s/n, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Del Portillo
- Corporación CorpoGen, Departamento Biotecnología Molecular, Carrera 4 # 20-41, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Laura M. Lechuga
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group (NanoB2A), Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, CIBER-BBN and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Barral TD, Mariutti RB, Arni RK, Santos AJ, Loureiro D, Sokolonski AR, Azevedo V, Borsuk S, Meyer R, Portela RD. A panel of recombinant proteins for the serodiagnosis of caseous lymphadenitis in goats and sheep. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:1313-1323. [PMID: 31287241 PMCID: PMC6801148 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a small ruminant disease characterized by the development of granulomatous lesions in superficial and internal lymph nodes, as well as in some organs, and causes significant economic losses worldwide. The aetiological agent of CLA is the bacterium Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis; however, the commercially available diagnostic tools present problems with regard to specificity, which can lead to false-negative results. This study aimed to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of specific immunoglobulins in goats and sheep using recombinant C. pseudotuberculosis PLD, CP40, PknG, DtxR and Grx proteins. For validation of the ELISAs, 130 goat serum samples and 160 sheep serum samples were used. The best ELISA for goats was developed using a combination of PLD and CP40 as antigens at a 1:1 ratio, which presented 96.9% sensitivity and 98.4% specificity. The most effective ELISA for sheep presented 91% sensitivity and 98.7% specificity when recombinant PLD alone was used as the antigen. These ELISAs can be used as highly accurate tools in epidemiological surveys and for the serodiagnosis of C. pseudotuberculosis infection in goats and sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Doria Barral
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia MolecularICS‐UFBASalvadorBA40110‐100Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Dan Loureiro
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia MolecularICS‐UFBASalvadorBA40110‐100Brasil
| | - Ana Rita Sokolonski
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia MolecularICS‐UFBASalvadorBA40110‐100Brasil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e MolecularICB‐UFMGBelo HorizonteMG31270‐901Brasil
| | - Sibele Borsuk
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto‐parasitáriaCDT‐UFPelPelotasRS96010‐900Brasil
| | - Roberto Meyer
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia MolecularICS‐UFBASalvadorBA40110‐100Brasil
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21
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Maekura R, Kitada S, Osada-Oka M, Tateishi Y, Ozeki Y, Fujicawa T, Miki M, Jyunnko O, Mori M, Matsumoto S. Serum antibody profiles in individuals with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Microbiol Immunol 2019; 63:130-138. [PMID: 30851131 PMCID: PMC6767593 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
One-third of the world's humans has latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), representing a large pool of potentially active TB. Recent LTBI carries a higher risk of disease progression than remote LTBI. Recent studies suggest important roles of antibodies in TB pathology, prompting us to investigate serum antibody profiles in a cohort with LTBI. In this single-center prospective observational study, we analyzed IgG-antibody concentrations against five major Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens (including 6 kDa early secretory antigenic target (ESAT6), CFP10, and antigen 85A, which are expressed mainly in the growth phase; and mycobacterial DNA-binding protein 1 (MDP1) and alpha-crystallin like protein (Acr), which are expressed in the dormant phases) in individuals with recent (n=13) or remote (n=12) LTBI, no Mtb infection (n=19), or active TB (n=15). Antibody titers against ESAT6 and MDP1 were significantly higher in individuals with recent LTBI than in those with no Mtb infection or remote LTBI. All pairwise antibody titers against these five major antigens were significantly correlated throughout the stages of Mtb infection. Five individuals with recent LTBI had significantly higher antibody titers against ESAT6 (P = 0.03), Ag85A (P = 0.048), Acr (P = 0.057), and MDP1 (P = 0.0001) than in individuals with remote LTBI; they were also outside the normal range (+2 SDs). One of these individuals was diagnosed with active pulmonary TB at 18-month follow-up examination. These findings indicated that concentrations of antibodies against both multiplying and dormant Mtb are higher in recent LTBI and that individuals with markedly higher antibody titers may be appropriate candidates for prophylactic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Maekura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Toneyama National Hospital, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Jikei Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seigo Kitada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Toneyama National Hospital, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mayuko Osada-Oka
- Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tateishi
- Department of Bacteriology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuriko Ozeki
- Department of Bacteriology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeya Fujicawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Toneyama National Hospital, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Miki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Toneyama National Hospital, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ogawa Jyunnko
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Toneyama National Hospital, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahide Mori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Toneyama National Hospital, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sohkichi Matsumoto
- Department of Bacteriology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
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22
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Ren N, JinLi J, Chen Y, Zhou X, Wang J, Ge P, Khan FA, Zhang L, Hu C, Robertson ID, Chen H, Guo A. Identification of new diagnostic biomarkers for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the potential application in the serodiagnosis of human tuberculosis. Microb Biotechnol 2018; 11:893-904. [PMID: 29952084 PMCID: PMC6116745 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) regions of difference (RD) encode proteins which are potentially useful as diagnostic reagents for tuberculosis (TB). In this study, 75 genes from M. tuberculosis RD1‐RD16 were successfully cloned from which 68 proteins were expressed and purified. Three serum pools from patients with pulmonary TB (PTB), extra‐pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) and healthy controls (HC) were used to preliminarily screen individual RD proteins. The OD630 ratio of the PTB or EPTB to the HC group ≥ 2‐fold was positive. As a result, 29 proteins were obtained. The serological response to the identified antigens was further verified using 58 PTB samples with 38 sera from smear‐positive PTB (PTB‐SP) patients and 20 sera from smear‐negative PTB (PTB‐SN) patients, 16 EPTB samples, 42 latent M. tuberculosis infection samples and 40 HCs by indirect ELISA. With respect to the PTB diagnosis, receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that Rv0222 [area under the curve (AUC), 0.8129; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.7280–0.8979] and Rv3403c (AUC, 0.8537; 95% CI, 0.7779–0.9294) performed better than ESAT6/CFP10 (AUC, 0.7435; 95% CI, 0.6465–0.8406). Rv0222 and Rv3403c demonstrated the highest diagnostic ability in the PTB‐SP group (sensitivity, 86.8%; specificity, 80%), while Rv3403c demonstrated the highest diagnostic ability in the PTB‐SN group (sensitivity, 70%; specificity, 80%). With respect to the EPTB diagnosis, Rv0222 exhibited the highest diagnostic value (AUC, 0.7523; sensitivity, 68.8%; specificity, 87.5%). In addition, the combination of Rv0222 and Rv3403c improved the test for PTB‐SN. These results indicate that Rv0222 and Rv3403c would be potential diagnostic biomarkers for active TB serodiagnosis. Mouse experiments demonstrated that Rv0222 and Rv3403c elicited specific cellular and humoral responses which were characterized by production of IFN‐γ, IgG1, and IgG2a, but a higher level of IgG1 than IgG2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jingfang JinLi
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Tuberculosis Department, Wuhan Medical Treatment Center, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Jieru Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Pan Ge
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Farhan Anwar Khan
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Li Zhang
- Tuberculosis Department, Wuhan Medical Treatment Center, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ian D Robertson
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6160, Australia
| | - Huanchun Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, 430070, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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