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Wańczura P, Aebisher D, Iwański MA, Myśliwiec A, Dynarowicz K, Bartusik-Aebisher D. The Essence of Lipoproteins in Cardiovascular Health and Diseases Treated by Photodynamic Therapy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:961. [PMID: 38790923 PMCID: PMC11117957 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipids, together with lipoprotein particles, are the cause of atherosclerosis, which is a pathology of the cardiovascular system. In addition, it affects inflammatory processes and affects the vessels and heart. In pharmaceutical answer to this, statins are considered a first-stage treatment method to block cholesterol synthesis. Many times, additional drugs are also used with this method to lower lipid concentrations in order to achieve certain values of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Recent advances in photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a new cancer treatment have gained the therapy much attention as a minimally invasive and highly selective method. Photodynamic therapy has been proven more effective than chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy alone in numerous studies. Consequently, photodynamic therapy research has expanded in many fields of medicine due to its increased therapeutic effects and reduced side effects. Currently, PDT is the most commonly used therapy for treating age-related macular degeneration, as well as inflammatory diseases, and skin infections. The effectiveness of photodynamic therapy against a number of pathogens has also been demonstrated in various studies. Also, PDT has been used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and hyperplasia of the arterial intima. This review evaluates the effectiveness and usefulness of photodynamic therapy in cardiovascular diseases. According to the analysis, photodynamic therapy is a promising approach for treating cardiovascular diseases and may lead to new clinical trials and management standards. Our review addresses the used therapeutic strategies and also describes new therapeutic strategies to reduce the cardiovascular burden that is induced by lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Wańczura
- Department of Cardiology, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Mateusz A Iwański
- English Division Science Club, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Angelika Myśliwiec
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
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Raza F, Zafar H, Jiang L, Su J, Yuan W, Qiu M, Paiva-Santos AC. Progress of cell membrane-derived biomimetic nanovesicles for cancer phototherapy. Biomater Sci 2023; 12:57-91. [PMID: 37902579 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01170d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, considerable attention has been given to phototherapy, including photothermal and photodynamic therapy to kill tumor cells by producing heat or reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has the high merits of noninvasiveness and limited drug resistance. To fully utilize this therapy, an extraordinary nanovehicle is required to target phototherapeutic agents in the tumor cells. Nanovesicles embody an ideal strategy for drug delivery applications. Cell membrane-derived biomimetic nanovesicles represent a developing type of nanocarrier. Combining this technique with cancer phototherapy could enable a novel strategy. Herein, efforts are made to describe a comprehensive overview of cell membrane-derived biomimetic nanovesicles for cancer phototherapy. The description in this review is mainly based on representative examples of exosome-derived biomimetic nanomedicine research, ranging from their comparison with traditional nanocarriers to extensive applications in cancer phototherapy. Additionally, the challenges and future prospectives for translating these for clinical application are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Raza
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China.
| | - Hajra Zafar
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China.
| | - Liangdi Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China.
| | - Jing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China.
| | - Weien Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mingfeng Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China.
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga Sta. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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Rees TW, Ho P, Hess J. Recent Advances in Metal Complexes for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200796. [PMID: 36917084 PMCID: PMC10947373 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global problem with more than 1 million deaths due to AMR infection in 2019 alone. New and innovative therapeutics are required to overcome this challenge. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a rapidly growing area of research poised to provide much needed help in the fight against AMR. aPDT works by administering a photosensitizer (PS) that is activated only when irradiated with light, allowing high spatiotemporal control and selectivity. The PS typically generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage a variety of key biological targets, potentially circumventing existing resistance mechanisms. Metal complexes are well known to display excellent optoelectronic properties, and recent focus has begun to shift towards their application in tackling microbial infections. Herein, we review the last five years of progress in the emerging field of small-molecule metal complex PSs for aPDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Rees
- The Francis Crick Institute1 Midland RoadLondonNW1 1ATUK
| | - Po‐Yu Ho
- The Francis Crick Institute1 Midland RoadLondonNW1 1ATUK
- Department of ChemistryKing's College LondonBritannia House, 7 Trinity StreetLondonSE1 1DBUK
| | - Jeannine Hess
- The Francis Crick Institute1 Midland RoadLondonNW1 1ATUK
- Department of ChemistryKing's College LondonBritannia House, 7 Trinity StreetLondonSE1 1DBUK
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Songca SP. Combinations of Photodynamic Therapy with Other Minimally Invasive Therapeutic Technologies against Cancer and Microbial Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10875. [PMID: 37446050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid rise in research and development following the discovery of photodynamic therapy to establish novel photosensitizers and overcome the limitations of the technology soon after its clinical translation has given rise to a few significant milestones. These include several novel generations of photosensitizers, the widening of the scope of applications, leveraging of the offerings of nanotechnology for greater efficacy, selectivity for the disease over host tissue and cells, the advent of combination therapies with other similarly minimally invasive therapeutic technologies, the use of stimulus-responsive delivery and disease targeting, and greater penetration depth of the activation energy. Brought together, all these milestones have contributed to the significant enhancement of what is still arguably a novel technology. Yet the major applications of photodynamic therapy still remain firmly located in neoplasms, from where most of the new innovations appear to launch to other areas, such as microbial, fungal, viral, acne, wet age-related macular degeneration, atherosclerosis, psoriasis, environmental sanitization, pest control, and dermatology. Three main value propositions of combinations of photodynamic therapy include the synergistic and additive enhancement of efficacy, the relatively low emergence of resistance and its rapid development as a targeted and high-precision therapy. Combinations with established methods such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy and demonstrated applications in mop-up surgery promise to enhance these top three clinical tools. From published in vitro and preclinical studies, clinical trials and applications, and postclinical case studies, seven combinations with photodynamic therapy have become prominent research interests because they are potentially easily applied, showing enhanced efficacy, and are rapidly translating to the clinic. These include combinations with chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, magnetic hyperthermia, cold plasma therapy, sonodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. Photochemical internalization is a critical mechanism for some combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandile Phinda Songca
- School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture Engineering and Science, Pietermaritzburg Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
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Spectroscopic Investigations of Porphyrin-TiO 2 Nanoparticles Complexes. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010318. [PMID: 36615512 PMCID: PMC9822347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the spectral characterization of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with three porphyrin derivatives: 5,10,15,20-(Tetra-4-aminophenyl) porphyrin (TAPP), 5,10,15,20-(Tetra-4-methoxyphenyl) porphyrin (TMPP), and 5,10,15,20-(Tetra-4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP). UV-Vis absorption and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopic studies of these porphyrins and their complexes with TiO2 NPs were performed. In addition, the efficiency of singlet oxygen generation, the key species in photodynamic therapy, was investigated. UV-Vis absorption spectra of the NPs complexes showed the characteristic bands of porphyrins. These allowed us to determine the loaded porphyrins on TiO2 NPs functionalized with porphyrins. FTIR-ATR revealed the formation of porphyrin-TiO2 complexes, suggesting that porphyrin adsorption on TiO2 may involve the pyrroles in the porphyrin ring, or the radicals of the porphyrin derivative. The quantum yield for singlet oxygen generation by the studied porphyrin complexes with TiO2 was higher compared to bare porphyrins for TAPP and TMPP, while for the TCPP-TiO2 NPs complex, a decrease was observed, but still maintained a good efficiency. The TiO2 NPs conjugates can be promising candidates to be tested in photodynamic therapy in vitro assays.
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Gradova MA, Gradov OV, Lobanov AV, Bychkova AV, Nikolskaya ED, Yabbarov NG, Mollaeva MR, Egorov AE, Kostyukov AA, Kuzmin VA, Khudyaeva IS, Belykh DV. Characterization of a Novel Amphiphilic Cationic Chlorin Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010345. [PMID: 36613788 PMCID: PMC9820311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel amphiphilic cationic chlorin e6 derivative was investigated as a promising photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy. Two cationic -N(CH3)3+ groups on the periphery of the macrocycle provide additional hydrophilization of the molecule and ensure its electrostatic binding to the mitochondrial membranes and bacterial cell walls. The presence of a hydrophobic phytol residue in the same molecule results in its increased affinity towards the phospholipid membranes while decreasing its stability towards aggregation in aqueous media. In organic media, this chlorin e6 derivative is characterized by a singlet oxygen quantum yield of 55%. Solubilization studies in different polymer- and surfactant-based supramolecular systems revealed the effective stabilization of this compound in a photoactive monomolecular form in micellar nonionic surfactant solutions, including Tween-80 and Cremophor EL. A novel cationic chlorin e6 derivative also demonstrates effective binding towards serum albumin, which enhances its bioavailability and promotes effective accumulation within the target tissues. Laser confocal scanning microscopy demonstrates the rapid intracellular accumulation and distribution of this compound throughout the cells. Together with low dark toxicity and a rather good photostability, this compound demonstrates significant phototoxicity against HeLa cells causing cellular damage most likely through reactive oxygen species generation. These results demonstrate a high potential of this derivative for application in photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita A. Gradova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V. Gradov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anton V. Lobanov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V. Bychkova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena D. Nikolskaya
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita G. Yabbarov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mariia R. Mollaeva
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton E. Egorov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Kostyukov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Kuzmin
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina S. Khudyaeva
- Institute of Chemistry, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Belykh
- Institute of Chemistry, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
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Mu D, Wang X, Wang H, Sun X, Dai Q, Lv P, Liu R, Qi Y, Xie J, Xu B, Zhang B. Chemiexcited Photodynamic Therapy Integrated in Polymeric Nanoparticles Capable of MRI Against Atherosclerosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:2353-2366. [PMID: 35645560 PMCID: PMC9130048 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s355790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Mu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiting Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pin Lv
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renyuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Biao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Biao Xu; Bing Zhang, Email ;
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Brain Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People’s Republic of China
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Jain M, Bouilloux J, Borrego I, Cook S, van den Bergh H, Lange N, Wagnieres G, Giraud MN. Cathepsin B-Cleavable Polymeric Photosensitizer Prodrug for Selective Photodynamic Therapy: In Vitro Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:564. [PMID: 35631388 PMCID: PMC9146285 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin B is a lysosomal cysteine protease that plays an important role in cancer, atherosclerosis, and other inflammatory diseases. The suppression of cathepsin B can inhibit tumor growth. The overexpression of cathepsin B can be used for the imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. PDT targeting of cathepsin B may have a significant potential for selective destruction of cells with high cathepsin B activity. We synthesized a cathepsin B-cleavable polymeric photosensitizer prodrug (CTSB-PPP) that releases pheophorbide a (Pha), an efficient photosensitizer upon activation with cathepsin B. We determined the concentration dependant uptake in vitro, the safety, and subsequent PDT-induced toxicity of CTSB-PPP, and ROS production. CTSB-PPP was cleaved in bone marrow cells (BMCs), which express a high cathepsin B level. We showed that the intracellular fluorescence of Pha increased with increasing doses (3-48 µM) and exerted significant dark toxicity above 12 µM, as assessed by MTT assay. However, 6 µM showed no toxicity on cell viability and ex vivo vascular function. Time-dependent studies revealed that cellular accumulation of CTSB-PPP (6 µM) peaked at 60 min of treatment. PDT (light dose: 0-100 J/cm2, fluence rate: 100 mW/cm2) was applied after CTSB-PPP treatment (6 µM for 60 min) using a special frontal light diffuser coupled to a diode laser (671 nm). PDT resulted in a light dose-dependent reduction in the viability of BMCs and was associated with an increased intracellular ROS generation. Fluorescence and ROS generation was significantly reduced when the BMCs were pre-treated with E64-d, a cysteine protease inhibitor. In conclusion, we provide evidence that CTSB-PPP showed no dark toxicity at low concentrations. This probe could be utilized as a potential imaging agent to identify cells or tissues with cathepsin B activity. CTSB-PPP-based PDT results in effective cytotoxicity and thus, holds great promise as a therapeutic agent for achieving the selective destruction of cells with high cathepsin B activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Jain
- Department EMC, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.J.); (I.B.); (S.C.)
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Jordan Bouilloux
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland; (J.B.); (N.L.)
| | - Ines Borrego
- Department EMC, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.J.); (I.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Stéphane Cook
- Department EMC, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.J.); (I.B.); (S.C.)
- HFR Hôpital Fribourgeois, CH-1708 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Hubert van den Bergh
- Medical Photonics Group, LCOM-ISIC, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Norbert Lange
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland; (J.B.); (N.L.)
| | - Georges Wagnieres
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, LIFMET, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1105 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Marie-Noelle Giraud
- Department EMC, Faculty of Sciences and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.J.); (I.B.); (S.C.)
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Therapeutic Strategies and Chemoprevention of Atherosclerosis: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go? Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040722. [PMID: 35456556 PMCID: PMC9025701 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in understanding the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the development of effective therapeutic strategies is a challenging task that requires more research to attain its full potential. This review discusses current pharmacotherapy in atherosclerosis and explores the potential of some important emerging therapies (antibody-based therapeutics, cytokine-targeting therapy, antisense oligonucleotides, photodynamic therapy and theranostics) in terms of clinical translation. A chemopreventive approach based on modern research of plant-derived products is also presented. Future perspectives on preventive and therapeutic management of atherosclerosis and the design of tailored treatments are outlined.
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Xu M, Mao C, Chen H, Liu L, Wang Y, Hussain A, Li S, Zhang X, Tuguntaev RG, Liang XJ, Guo W, Cao F. Osteopontin targeted theranostic nanoprobes for laser-induced synergistic regression of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 12:2014-2028. [PMID: 35847489 PMCID: PMC9279717 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque (VASPs) is the major pathological cause of acute cardiovascular event. Early detection and precise intervention of VASP hold great clinical significance, yet remain a major challenge. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) realizes potent ablation efficacy under precise manipulation of laser irradiation. In this study, we constructed theranostic nanoprobes (NPs), which could precisely regress VASPs through a cascade of synergistic events triggered by local irradiation of lasers under the guidance of fluorescence/MR imaging. The NPs were formulated from human serum albumin (HSA) conjugated with a high affinity-peptide targeting osteopontin (OPN) and encapsulated with photosensitizer IR780 and hypoxia-activatable tirapazamine (TPZ). After intravenous injection into atherosclerotic mice, the OPN-targeted NPs demonstrated high specific accumulation in VASPs due to the overexpression of OPN in activated foamy macrophages in the carotid artery. Under the visible guidance of fluorescence and MR dual-model imaging, the precise near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation generated massive reactive oxygen species (ROS), which resulted in efficient plaque ablation and amplified hypoxia within VASPs. In response to the elevated hypoxia, the initially inactive TPZ was successively boosted to present potent biological suppression of foamy macrophages. After therapeutic administration of the NPs for 2 weeks, the plaque area and the degree of carotid artery stenosis were markedly reduced. Furthermore, the formulated NPs displayed excellent biocompatibility. In conclusion, the developed HSA-based NPs demonstrated appreciable specific identification ability of VASPs and realized precise synergistic regression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases & Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Cong Mao
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Haoting Chen
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yabin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases & Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Abid Hussain
- Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sulei Li
- Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases & Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ruslan G. Tuguntaev
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weisheng Guo
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases & Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Targeted theranostic photoactivation on atherosclerosis. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:338. [PMID: 34689768 PMCID: PMC8543964 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Photoactivation targeting macrophages has emerged as a therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis, but limited targetable ability of photosensitizers to the lesions hinders its applications. Moreover, the molecular mechanistic insight to its phototherapeutic effects on atheroma is still lacking. Herein, we developed a macrophage targetable near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) emitting phototheranostic agent by conjugating dextran sulfate (DS) to chlorin e6 (Ce6) and estimated its phototherapeutic feasibility in murine atheroma. Also, the phototherapeutic mechanisms of DS-Ce6 on atherosclerosis were investigated. Results The phototheranostic agent DS-Ce6 efficiently internalized into the activated macrophages and foam cells via scavenger receptor-A (SR-A) mediated endocytosis. Customized serial optical imaging-guided photoactivation of DS-Ce6 by light illumination reduced both atheroma burden and inflammation in murine models. Immuno-fluorescence and -histochemical analyses revealed that the photoactivation of DS-Ce6 produced a prominent increase in macrophage-associated apoptotic bodies 1 week after laser irradiation and induced autophagy with Mer tyrosine-protein kinase expression as early as day 1, indicative of an enhanced efferocytosis in atheroma. Conclusion Imaging-guided DS-Ce6 photoactivation was able to in vivo detect inflammatory activity in atheroma as well as to simultaneously reduce both plaque burden and inflammation by harmonic contribution of apoptosis, autophagy, and lesional efferocytosis. These results suggest that macrophage targetable phototheranostic nanoagents will be a promising theranostic strategy for high-risk atheroma. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-01084-z.
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Photophysical properties and therapeutic use of natural photosensitizers. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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13
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Curcumin-mediated photodynamic therapy inhibits the phenotypic transformation, migration, and foaming of oxidized low-density lipoprotein-treated vascular smooth muscle cells by promoting autophagy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:308-318. [PMID: 34091481 PMCID: PMC8340951 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are becoming a hot spot and target of atherosclerosis research. This study aimed to observe the specific effects of curcumin (CUR)-mediated photodynamic therapy (CUR-PDT) on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated VSMCs and confirm whether these effects are mediated by autophagy. In this study, the mouse aortic smooth muscle cell line and A7r5 cell lines were used for parallel experiments. VSMC viability was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. VSMCs were treated with ox-LDL to establish a model of atherosclerosis in vitro. The autophagy level and the expression of proteins related to phenotypic transformation were detected by western blotting. The migration ability of the cells was detected by using transwell assay. The presence of intracellular lipid droplets was detected by Oil Red O staining. The results showed that VSMCs transformed from the contraction phenotype to the synthetic phenotype when stimulated by ox-LDL, during which autophagy was inhibited. However, CUR-PDT treatment significantly promoted the level of autophagy and inhibited the process of phenotypic transformation induced by ox-LDL. In addition, ox-LDL significantly promoted VSMC migration and increased the number of lipid droplets, whereas CUR-PDT treatment significantly reduced the ox-LDL-induced increase in the migration ability of, and lipid droplet numbers in, VSMCs. When the VSMCs were pretreated with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine for 24 hours, the effects of CUR-PDT were reversed. Therefore, our study indicated that CUR-PDT can inhibit the phenotypic transformation, migration, and foaming of ox-LDL–treated VSMCs by inducing autophagy.
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Gallato Zirconium (IV) Phtalocyanine Complex Conjugated with SiO2 Nanocarrier as a Photoactive Drug for Photodynamic Therapy of Atheromatic Plaque. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020260. [PMID: 33419179 PMCID: PMC7825541 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new conjugate of gallato zirconium (IV) phthalocyanine complexes (PcZrGallate) has been obtained from alkilamino-modified SiO2 nanocarriers (SiO2-(CH2)3-NH2NPs), which may potentially be used in photodynamic therapy of atherosclerosis. Its structure and morphology have been investigated. The photochemical properties of the composite material has been characterized. in saline environments when exposed to different light sources Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in DMSO suspension under near IR irradiation was evaluated. The PcZrGallate-SiO2 conjugate has been found to induce a cytotoxic effect on macrophages after IR irradiation, which did not correspond to ROS production. It was found that SiO2 as a carrier helps the photosensitizer to enter into the macrophages, a type of cells that play a key role in the development of atheroma. These properties of the novel conjugate may make it useful in the photodynamic therapy of coronary artery disease.
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15
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Alzeibak R, Mishchenko TA, Shilyagina NY, Balalaeva IV, Vedunova MV, Krysko DV. Targeting immunogenic cancer cell death by photodynamic therapy: past, present and future. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001926. [PMID: 33431631 PMCID: PMC7802670 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed major breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy. This development has been largely motivated by cancer cell evasion of immunological control and consequent tumor resistance to conventional therapies. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is considered one of the most promising ways to achieve total tumor cell elimination. It activates the T-cell adaptive immune response and results in the formation of long-term immunological memory. ICD can be triggered by many anticancer treatment modalities, including photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this review, we first discuss the role of PDT based on several classes of photosensitizers, including porphyrins and non-porphyrins, and critically evaluate their potential role in ICD induction. We emphasize the emerging trend of ICD induction by PDT in combination with nanotechnology, which represents third-generation photosensitizers and involves targeted induction of ICD by PDT. However, PDT also has some limitations, including the reduced efficiency of ICD induction in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Therefore, we critically evaluate strategies for overcoming this limitation, which is essential for increasing PDT efficiency. In the final part, we suggest several areas for future research for personalized cancer immunotherapy, including strategies based on oxygen-boosted PDT and nanoparticles. In conclusion, the insights from the last several years increasingly support the idea that PDT is a powerful strategy for inducing ICD in experimental cancer therapy. However, most studies have focused on mouse models, but it is necessary to validate this strategy in clinical settings, which will be a challenging research area in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan Alzeibak
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana A Mishchenko
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Y Shilyagina
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Irina V Balalaeva
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Maria V Vedunova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory (CDIT), Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Faustova M, Nikolskaya E, Sokol M, Fomicheva M, Petrov R, Yabbarov N. Metalloporphyrins in Medicine: From History to Recent Trends. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8146-8171. [PMID: 35019597 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The history of metalloporphyrins dates back more than 200 years ago. Metalloporphyrins are excellent catalysts, capable of forming supramolecular systems, participate in oxygen photosynthesis, transport, and used as contrast agents or superoxide dismutase mimetics. Today, metalloporphyrins represent complexes of conjugated π-electron system and metals from the entire periodic system. However, the effect of these compounds on living systems has not been fully understood, and researchers are exploring the properties of metalloporphyrins thereby extending their further application. This review provides an overview of the variety of metalloporphyrins that are currently used in different medicine fields and how metalloporphyrins became the subject of scientists' interest. Currently, metalloporphyrins utilization has expanded significantly, which gave us an opprotunuty to summarize recent progress in metalloporphyrins derivatives and prospects of their application in the treatment and diagnosis of different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Faustova
- MIREA-Russian Technological University, Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, 119454 Moscow, Russia.,N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Nikolskaya
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Sokol
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.,JSC Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, 117149 Moscow Russia
| | - Margarita Fomicheva
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.,JSC Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, 117149 Moscow Russia
| | - Rem Petrov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Nikita Yabbarov
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.,JSC Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, 117149 Moscow Russia
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17
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Liu H, Yao J, Guo H, Cai X, Jiang Y, Lin M, Jiang X, Leung W, Xu C. Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Nanomaterials as Targeted Delivery Carriers for Photodynamic Anticancer Therapy. Front Chem 2020; 8:758. [PMID: 33134254 PMCID: PMC7550754 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as an alternative approach to treat tumors through reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the activated photosensitizers (PS) upon light irradiation, has attracted wide attention in recent years due to its low invasive and highly efficient features. However, the low hydrophilicity and poor targeting of PS limits the clinical application of PDT. Stimuli-responsive nanomaterials represent a major class of remarkable functional nanocarriers for drug delivery. In particular, tumor microenvironment-responsive nanomaterials (TMRNs) can respond to the special pathological microenvironment in tumor tissues to release the loaded drugs, that allows them to control the release of PS within tumor tissues. Recent studies have demonstrated that TMRNs can achieve the targeted release of PS at tumor sites, increase the concentration of PS in tumor tissues, and reduce side effects of PDT. Hence, in the present paper, we review TMRNs, mainly including pH-, redox-, enzymes-, and hypoxia-responsive smart nanomaterials, and focus on the application of these smart nanomaterials as targeted delivery carriers of PS in photodynamic anticancer therapy, to further boost the development of PDT in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiwen Yao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wingnang Leung
- Asia-Pacific Institute of Aging Studies, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chuanshan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Cacaccio J, Durrani F, Cheruku RR, Borah B, Ethirajan M, Tabaczynski W, Pera P, Missert JR, Pandey RK. Pluronic F-127: An Efficient Delivery Vehicle for 3-(1'-hexyloxy)ethyl-3-devinylpyropheophorbide-a (HPPH or Photochlor). Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:625-635. [PMID: 31738460 PMCID: PMC9832393 DOI: 10.1111/php.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
To determine the impact of delivery vehicles in photosensitizing efficacy of HPPH, a hydrophobic photosensitizer was dissolved in various formulations: 1% Tween 80/5% dextrose, Pluronic P-123 and Pluronic F-127 in 0.5%, 1% and 2% phosphate buffer solutions (PBS). HPPH was also conjugated to Pluronic F-127, and the resulting conjugate (PL-20) was formulated in PBS. Among the different delivery vehicles, only Pluronic P-123 displayed significant vehicle cytotoxicity, whereas Pluronic F127 was nontoxic. Compared to PL-20, HPPH formulated in Tween80 and Pluronic F-127 showed higher cell-uptake, but lower long-term retention in Colon26 cell compared to PL-20. The higher retention of PL-20 was similarly observed during in vivo uptake with BALB/c mice baring Ct26 tumors. In contrast to the in vitro uptake experiments, PL-20 showed slightly higher uptake compared to HPPH formulated in Tween or Pluronic-F127. A significant difference in pharmacokinetic profile was also observed between the HPPH-Pluronic formulation and PL-20. Under similar in vivo treatment parameters (drug dose 0.47 µmol kg-1 , light dose: 135 J cm-2 at 24 h post-injection of PS), HPPH formulated either in Tween or Pluronic F-127 formulation showed similar in vivo PDT efficacy (20-30% tumor cure on day 60), whereas PL-20 showed 40% tumor cure (day 60).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Cacaccio
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Farukh Durrani
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Ravindra R. Cheruku
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Ballav Borah
- Photolitec, LLC, 73 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14224
| | - Manivannan Ethirajan
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | | | - Paula Pera
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Joseph R. Missert
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Ravindra K Pandey
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
- Corresponding author’s (Ravindra Pandey)
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19
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Jiang Y, Xu C, Leung W, Lin M, Cai X, Guo H, Zhang J, Yang F. Role of Exosomes in Photodynamic Anticancer Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2019; 27:6815-6824. [PMID: 31533597 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190918122221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative treatment for malignancies based on photochemical reaction induced by Photosensitizers (PS) under light irradiation. Recent studies show that PDT caused the abundant release of exosomes from tumor tissues. It is well-known that exosomes as carriers play an important role in cell-cell communication through transporting many kinds of bioactive molecules (e.g. lipids, proteins, mRNA, miRNA and lncRNA). Therefore, to explore the role of exosomes in photodynamic anticancer therapy has been attracting significant attention. In the present paper, we will briefly introduce the basic principle of PDT and exosomes, and focus on discussing the role of exosomes in photodynamic anticancer therapy, to further enrich and boost the development of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease,
School of Pharmaceutical Science & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University,
Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Chuanshan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease,
School of Pharmaceutical Science & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University,
Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Wingnang Leung
- Division of Chinese Medicine, School of Professional and Continuing Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease,
School of Pharmaceutical Science & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University,
Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Xiaowen Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease,
School of Pharmaceutical Science & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University,
Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Huanhuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease,
School of Pharmaceutical Science & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University,
Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Jiyong Zhang
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shenzhen 518017, China
| | - Fanwen Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
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20
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Vulnerable Plaque, Characteristics, Detection, and Potential Therapies. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2019; 6:jcdd6030026. [PMID: 31357630 PMCID: PMC6787609 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd6030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plaque development and rupture are hallmarks of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Despite current therapeutic developments, there is an unmet necessity in the prevention of atherosclerotic vascular disease. It remains a challenge to determine at an early stage if atherosclerotic plaque will become unstable and vulnerable. The arrival of molecular imaging is receiving more attention, considering it allows for a better understanding of the biology of human plaque and vulnerabilities. Various plaque therapies with common goals have been tested in high-risk patients with cardiovascular disease. In this work, the process of plaque instability, along with current technologies for sensing and predicting high-risk plaques, is debated. Updates on potential novel therapeutic approaches are also summarized.
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21
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Maruf A, Wang Y, Yin T, Huang J, Wang N, Durkan C, Tan Y, Wu W, Wang G. Atherosclerosis Treatment with Stimuli-Responsive Nanoagents: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900036. [PMID: 30945462 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the root of approximately one-third of global mortalities. Nanotechnology exhibits splendid prospects to combat atherosclerosis at the molecular level by engineering smart nanoagents with versatile functionalizations. Significant advances in nanoengineering enable nanoagents to autonomously navigate in the bloodstream, escape from biological barriers, and assemble with their nanocohort at the targeted lesion. The assembly of nanoagents with endogenous and exogenous stimuli breaks down their shells, facilitates intracellular delivery, releases their cargo to kill the corrupt cells, and gives imaging reports. All these improvements pave the way toward personalized medicine for atherosclerosis. This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in stimuli-responsive nanoagents for atherosclerosis management and its progress in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Maruf
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationState and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationState and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Tieyin Yin
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationState and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Junli Huang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationState and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Nan Wang
- The Nanoscience CentreUniversity of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FF UK
| | - Colm Durkan
- The Nanoscience CentreUniversity of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FF UK
| | - Youhua Tan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationState and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationState and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
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Huang L, Chen Q, Yu L, Bai D. Pyropheophorbide-α methyl ester-mediated photodynamic therapy induces apoptosis and inhibits LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophages. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 25:148-156. [PMID: 30562579 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the effect of pyropheophorbide-α methyl ester (MPPa)-mediated photodynamic therapy (MPPa-PDT) on the apoptosis and inflammation of murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. METHODS Uptake and subcellular localization of MPPa was detected by flow cytometry and confocal fluorescence microscope. Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8; ROS levels were assessed by DCFH-DA. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342 staining, whereas mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 staining. Secretion of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was determined using ELISA kits. Caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, procaspase-9, cleaved caspase-9, PARP, cleaved PARP, Bcl-2, Bax, NF-κB p-p65, p-IKKα/β, and p-IκBα were measured by western blotting. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-p65 nuclear translocation was observed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS MPPa -PDT influenced cell viability in a light dose-dependent manner. It induced ROS formation and RAW264.7 cell apoptosis. It also increased the expression of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved PARP and Bax, decreased the expression of Bcl-2. While TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 increased in LPS group (model of inflammation), it deceased in LPS-MPPa-PDT group. NF-κB p-p65, p-IKKα/β, and p-IκBα had higher expression in LPS group while that reduced in LPS-MPPa-PDT group. Simultaneously, MPPa-PDT inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65 caused by LPS. CONCLUSIONS MPPa-PDT can induce apoptosis and attenuate inflammation in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages, thereby suggesting a promising therapy for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Lehua Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, PR China
| | - Dingqun Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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23
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Lin JS, Wang CJ, Li WT. Photodynamic therapy of balloon-injured rat carotid arteries using indocyanine green. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 33:1123-1130. [PMID: 29594740 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used to inhibit intimal hyperplasia in injured arteries. Because of the limited tissue penetration of visible light, an endovascular light source with a guided wire is often required for effective treatment. Indocyanine green (ICG), a near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizer, has been used in PDT for cancers. An extracorporeal light source may be used for shallow tissue because of the better tissue penetration of NIR light. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ICG-PDT using extracorporeal NIR light on the inhibition of intimal hyperplasia in balloon-injured carotid arteries. A balloon injury (BI) model was used to induce intimal hyperplasia of carotid artery. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, BI, BI + 1 × PDT, and BI + 2 × PDT groups. The control group underwent a sham procedure. PDT was performed 7 days after BI. In the BI + 1 × PDT group, ICG was administered 1 h before light irradiation. External illumination with 780-nm light-emitting diode light at a fluence of 4 J/cm2 was applied. For the BI + 2 × PDT group, PDT was performed again at day 7, following the first PDT. Hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining was performed to assess vessel morphology. Arterial wall thickness was significantly larger in the BI group compared with the control group. ICG-PDT significantly reduced arterial wall thickness compared with the BI group. Repeated PDT further decreased arterial wall thickness to the level of the control group. These findings indicate a promising approach for the treatment of restenosis of carotid arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih-Shyong Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, 330, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Jung Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Tyng Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Road, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Center for Biomedical Technology and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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24
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Zhai Y, Busscher HJ, Liu Y, Zhang Z, van Kooten TG, Su L, Zhang Y, Liu J, Liu J, An Y, Shi L. Photoswitchable Micelles for the Control of Singlet-Oxygen Generation in Photodynamic Therapies. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2023-2033. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Henk J. Busscher
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yong Liu
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zhenkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Theo G. van Kooten
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Linzhu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinjian Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingli An
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Linqi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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