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Hong H, Kim HJ, Kim HJ, Jo C. Investigation of different cold adaptation abilities in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium strains using extracellular metabolomic approach. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00556-0. [PMID: 38977514 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the extracellular metabolomic responses of three different Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) strains-ATCC 13311 (STy1), NCCP 16964 (STy4), and NCCP 16958 (STy8)-cultured at refrigeration temperatures. The objective was to identify the survival mechanisms of S. Typhimurium under cold stress by analyzing variations in their metabolomic profiles. Qualitative and quantitative assessments identified significant metabolite alterations on day 6, marking a critical inflection point. Key metabolites such as trehalose, proline, glycerol, and tryptophan were notably upregulated in response to cold stress. Through multivariate analyses, the strains were distinguished using three metabolites-4-aminobutyrate, ethanol, and uridine-as potential biomarkers, underscoring distinct metabolic responses to refrigeration. Specifically, STy1 exhibited unique adaptive capabilities through enhanced metabolism of betaine and 4-aminobutyrate. These findings highlight the variability in adaptive strategies among S. Typhimurium strains, suggesting that certain strains may possess more robust metabolic pathways for enhancing survival in refrigerated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesang Hong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheorun Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Animal Product Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, 45363, Indonesia.
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Junaid M, Lu H, Li Y, Liu Y, Din AU, Qi Z, Xiong Y, Yan J. Novel Synergistic Probiotic Intervention: Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Ameliorative Effects on Immunity, Gut Barrier, and Metabolism of Mice during Salmonella typhimurium Infection. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:435. [PMID: 38674370 PMCID: PMC11050207 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium), a prevalent cause of foodborne infection, induces significant changes in the host transcriptome and metabolome. The lack of therapeutics with minimal or no side effects prompts the scientific community to explore alternative therapies. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of a probiotic mixture comprising Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus 1.3251) and Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum 9513) against S. typhimurium, utilizing transcriptome and metabolomic analyses, a novel approach that has not been previously documented. Twenty-four SPF-BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: control negative group (CNG); positive control group (CPG); probiotic-supplemented non-challenged group (LAPG); and probiotic-supplemented Salmonella-challenged group (LAPST). An RNA-sequencing analysis of small intestinal (ileum) tissue revealed 2907 upregulated and 394 downregulated DEGs in the LAPST vs. CPG group. A functional analysis of DEGs highlighted their significantly altered gene ontology (GO) terms related to metabolism, gut integrity, cellular development, and immunity (p ≤ 0.05). The KEGG analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the LAPST group were primarily involved in pathways related to gut integrity, immunity, and metabolism, such as MAPK, PI3K-Akt, AMPK, the tryptophan metabolism, the glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, ECM-receptor interaction, and others. Additionally, the fecal metabolic analysis identified 1215 upregulated and 305 downregulated metabolites in the LAPST vs. CPG group, implying their involvement in KEGG pathways including bile secretion, propanoate metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and protein digestion and absorption, which are vital for maintaining barrier integrity, immunity, and metabolism. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the administration of a probiotic mixture improves immunity, maintains gut homeostasis and barrier integrity, and enhances metabolism in Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.J.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Hongyu Lu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.J.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Yixiang Li
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.J.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Yu Liu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.J.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Ahmad Ud Din
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Zhongquan Qi
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.J.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.Q.)
| | - Yi Xiong
- Guangxi Center for Animals Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.J.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.Q.)
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3
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Zuo W, Yang D, Wu X, Zhang B, Wang X, Hu J, Qi J, Tian M, Bao Y, Wang S. The aroA and luxS Double-Gene Mutant Strain Has Potential to Be a Live Attenuated Vaccine against Salmonella Typhimurium. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:162. [PMID: 38400145 PMCID: PMC10893546 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a zoonotic pathogen posing a threat to animal husbandry and public health. Due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, alternative prevention and control strategies are needed. Live attenuated vaccines are an ideal option that provide protection against an S. Typhimurium pandemic. To develop a safe and effective vaccine, double-gene mutations are recommended to attenuate virulence. In this study, we chose aroA and luxS genes, whose deletion significantly attenuates S. Typhimurium's virulence and enhances immunogenicity, to construct the double-gene mutant vaccine strain SAT52ΔaroAΔluxS. The results show that the mutant strain's growth rate, adherence and invasion of susceptible cells are comparable to a wild-type strain, but the intracellular survival, virulence and host persistence are significantly attenuated. Immunization assay showed that 106 colony-forming units (CFUs) of SAT52ΔaroAΔluxS conferred 100% protection against wild-type challenges; the bacteria persistence in liver and spleen were significantly reduced, and no obvious pathological lesions were observed. Therefore, the double-gene mutant strain SAT52ΔaroAΔluxS exhibits potential as a live attenuated vaccine candidate against S. Typhimurium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanqing Bao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (W.Z.); (D.Y.); (X.W.); (B.Z.); (X.W.); (J.H.); (J.Q.); (M.T.)
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (W.Z.); (D.Y.); (X.W.); (B.Z.); (X.W.); (J.H.); (J.Q.); (M.T.)
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4
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Lu Y, Guo X, Xu F, Wang F, Wu H, Bai Y, Li W, Zhang G, Yuan J, Pang Q. Protective effects of puerarin on liver tissue in Salmonella-infected chicks: a proteomic analysis. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103281. [PMID: 37992616 PMCID: PMC10700392 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a zoonotic bacterium that not only causes serious economic losses to the livestock and poultry industries but also seriously endangers human health. Long-term indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to drug resistance in Salmonella, and thus the identification of alternatives to antibiotics is crucial. In this study, the effects of puerarin on the S. enterica-infected chickens were investigated. A total of 360 chicks were randomly assigned as the control group (CON), the S. enterica group (S), and puerarin-treatment group (P). Chicks in the P group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 50 (P50), 100 (P100), 200 (P200), and 400 (P400) mg/kg puerarin, respectively. It was found that puerarin treatment markedly altered the serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), together with the malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) contents in the serum. The mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, Bcl-2, and caspase-8 in the livers of S. enterica-infected chicks was increased after infection but significantly reduced after treatment with puerarin. Histologic analysis showed that puerarin effectively mitigated morphological damage in the liver caused by S. enterica. Proteomic analysis revealed that S. enterica infection led to metabolic disorders in the liver, resulting in oxidative stress, increased inflammation, and significantly elevated levels of hepatocellular carcinoma biomarkers. The findings of the filtered sequencing were verified by using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Treatment with 100 mg/mL puerarin thus effectively alleviated disordered liver metabolism, reduced inflammation and oxidative damage and significantly reduced the levels of hepatocellular carcinoma biomarkers in the liver. The results suggest that puerarin has the potential to replace antibiotics to control Salmonella infection in poultry and thus improve food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China; College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, China
| | - Xiaotong Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Fengge Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Fengyi Wang
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, China
| | - Hongsong Wu
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, China
| | - Yongjiang Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, China
| | - Jinbao Yuan
- College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Heze University, Heze 274000, China
| | - Quanhai Pang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China.
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Wang X, Yang B, Ma S, Yan X, Ma S, Sun H, Sun Y, Jiang L. Lactate promotes Salmonella intracellular replication and systemic infection via driving macrophage M2 polarization. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0225323. [PMID: 37796020 PMCID: PMC10715217 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02253-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The important enteropathogen Salmonella can cause lethal systemic infection via survival and replication in host macrophages. Lactate represents an abundant intracellular metabolite during bacterial infection, which can also induce macrophage M2 polarization. In this study, we found that macrophage-derived lactate promotes the intracellular replication and systemic infection of Salmonella. During Salmonella infection, lactate via the Salmonella type III secretion system effector SteE promotes macrophage M2 polarization, and the induction of macrophage M2 polarization by lactate is responsible for lactate-mediated Salmonella growth promotion. This study highlights the complex interactions between Salmonella and macrophages and provides an additional perspective on host-pathogen crosstalk at the metabolic interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangshuang Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolin Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongmin Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuyang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingyan Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Dar MA, Bhat B, Nazir J, Saleem A, Manzoor T, Khan M, Haq Z, Bhat SS, Ahmad SM. Identification of SNPs Related to Salmonella Resistance in Chickens Using RNA-Seq and Integrated Bioinformatics Approach. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1283. [PMID: 37372463 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Potential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected between two chicken breeds (Kashmir favorella and broiler) using deep RNA sequencing. This was carried out to comprehend the coding area alterations, which cause variances in the immunological response to Salmonella infection. In the present study, we identified high impact SNPs from both chicken breeds in order to delineate different pathways that mediate disease resistant/susceptibility traits. Samples (liver and spleen) were collected from Salmonella resistant (K. favorella) and susceptible (broiler) chicken breeds. Salmonella resistance and susceptibility were checked by different pathological parameters post infection. To explore possible polymorphisms in genes linked with disease resistance, SNP identification analysis was performed utilizing RNA seq data from nine K. favorella and ten broiler chickens. A total of 1778 (1070 SNPs and 708 INDELs) and 1459 (859 SNPs and 600 INDELs) were found to be specific to K. favorella and broiler, respectively. Based on our results, we conclude that in broiler chickens the enriched pathways mostly included metabolic pathways like fatty acid metabolism, carbon metabolism and amino acid metabolism (Arginine and proline metabolism), while as in K. favorella genes with high impact SNPs were enriched in most of the immune-related pathways like MAPK signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, etc., which could be a possible resistance mechanism against salmonella infection. In K. favorella, protein-protein interaction analysis also shows some important hub nodes, which are important in providing defense against different infectious diseases. Phylogenomic analysis revealed that indigenous poultry breeds (resistant) are clearly separated from commercial breeds (susceptible). These findings will offer fresh perspectives on the genetic diversity in chicken breeds and will aid in the genomic selection of poultry birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashooq Ahmad Dar
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Basharat Bhat
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Junaid Nazir
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144402, India
| | - Afnan Saleem
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Tasaduq Manzoor
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Mahak Khan
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Zulfqarul Haq
- Indian Council of Medical Research Project, Division of Livestock Production and Management, F.V.Sc & AH, Shuhama, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Sahar Saleem Bhat
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
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Wang KC, Lerche MH, Ardenkjær-Larsen JH, Jensen PR. Formate Metabolism in Shigella flexneri and Its Effect on HeLa Cells at Different Stages during the Infectious Process. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0063122. [PMID: 37042762 PMCID: PMC10269805 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00631-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Shigellosis caused by Shigella is one of the most important foodborne illnesses in global health, but little is known about the metabolic cross talk between this bacterial pathogen and its host cells during the different stages of the infection process. A detailed understanding of the metabolism can potentially lead to new drug targets remedying the pressing problem of antibiotic resistance. Here, we use stable isotope-resolved metabolomics as an unbiased and fast method to investigate how Shigella metabolizes 13C-glucose in three different environments: inside the host cells, adhering to the host cells, and alone in suspension. We find that especially formate metabolism by bacteria is sensitive to these different environments. The role of formate in pathogen metabolism is sparsely described in the literature compared to the roles of acetate and butyrate. However, its metabolic pathway is regarded as a potential drug target due to its production in microorganisms and its absence in humans. Our study provides new knowledge about the regulatory effect of formate. Bacterial metabolism of formate is pH dependent when studied alone in culture medium, whereas this effect is less pronounced when the bacteria adhere to the host cells. Once the bacteria are inside the host cells, we find that formate accumulation is reduced. Formate also affects the host cells resulting in a reduced infection rate. This was correlated to an increased immune response. Thus, intriguingly formate plays a double role in pathogenesis by increasing the virulence of Shigella and at the same time stimulating the immune response of the host. IMPORTANCE Bacterial infection is a pressing societal concern due to development of resistance toward known antibiotics. Central carbon metabolism has been suggested as a potential new target for drug development, but metabolic changes upon infection remain incompletely understood. Here, we used a cellular infection model to study how the bacterial pathogen Shigella adapts its metabolism depending on the environment starting from the extracellular medium until Shigella successfully invaded and proliferated inside host cells. The mixed-acid fermentation of Shigella was the major metabolic pathway during the infectious process, and the glucose-derived metabolite formate surprisingly played a divergent role in the pathogen and in the host cell. Our data show reduced infection rate when both host cells and bacteria were treated with formate, which correlated with an upregulated immune response in the host cells. The formate metabolism in Shigella thus potentially provides a route toward alternative treatment strategies for Shigella prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Chuan Wang
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mathilde Hauge Lerche
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jan Henrik Ardenkjær-Larsen
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pernille Rose Jensen
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Wang D, Zheng Y, Fan Y, He Y, Liu K, Deng S, Liu Y. Sodium Humate-Derived Gut Microbiota Ameliorates Intestinal Dysfunction Induced by Salmonella Typhimurium in Mice. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0534822. [PMID: 37067423 PMCID: PMC10269575 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05348-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a foodborne pathogen that is one of the main causes of gastroenteric disease in humans and animals. As a natural organic substance, sodium humate (HNa) possesses antibacterial, antidiarrheal, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, it is unclear whether the HNa and HNa-derived microbiota exert alleviative effects on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium-induced enteritis. We found that treatment with HNa disrupted the cell wall of S. Typhimurium and decreased the virulence gene expression. Next, we explored the effect of HNa presupplementation on S. Typhimurium-induced murine enteritis. The results revealed that HNa ameliorated intestinal pathological damage. In addition, we observed that presupplementation with HNa enhanced intestinal barrier function via modulating gut microbiota, downregulating toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathways, regulating intestinal mucosal immunity, and enhancing tight junction protein expression. To further validate the effect of HNa-derived microbiota on S. Typhimurium-induced enteritis, we performed fecal microbiota transplantation and found that HNa-derived microbiota also alleviated S. Typhimurium-induced intestinal damage. It is noteworthy that both HNa and HNa-derived microbiota improved the liver injury caused by S. Typhimurium infection. Collectively, this is the first study to confirm that HNa could alleviate S. Typhimurium-induced enteritis in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. This study provides a new perspective on HNa as a potential drug to prevent and treat salmonellosis. IMPORTANCE Salmonella Typhimurium is an important zoonotic pathogen, widely distributed in nature. S. Typhimurium is one of the leading causes of foodborne illnesses worldwide, and more than 350,000 people died from Salmonella infection each year, which poses a substantial risk to public health and causes a considerable economic loss. Here, we found that the S. Typhimurium infection caused severe intestinal and liver damage. In addition, we first found that sodium humate (HNa) and HNa-derived gut microbiota can alleviate S. Typhimurium infection-induced intestinal damage. These findings extend the knowledge about the public health risk and pathogenic mechanisms of S. Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yingce Zheng
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuying Fan
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanjun He
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shouxiang Deng
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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9
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Salmonella in Poultry and Other Birds. Infect Dis (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2463-0_1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
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10
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Yuan Y, Liu Y, He Y, Zhang B, Zhao L, Tian S, Wang Q, Chen S, Li Z, Liang S, Hou G, Liu B, Li Y. Intestinal-targeted nanotubes-in-microgels composite carriers for capsaicin delivery and their effect for alleviation of Salmonella induced enteritis. Biomaterials 2022; 287:121613. [PMID: 35700621 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is a word-wide food-borne pathogen, which can cause severe enteritis and intestinal microbiota imbalance. Capsaicin (Cap), a food-based bioactive ingredient, has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its low solubility, low bioavailability and the irritation to digestive tract greatly limit its applications. Here, an intestinal responsively "nanotubes-in-microgel" composite carrier was constructed by capturing α-lactalbumin (α-lac) nanotubes in low-methoxy pectin microgels (LMP-NT) (52 μm). Cap was loaded in such system via hydrophobic interaction with a loading capacity of 38.02 mg/g. The LMP microgels remained stable and protected NT/Cap from early releasing in the gastric condition. It showed an excellent mucoadhesive capacity, which can prolong the intestinal retention up to 12 h and control release NT/Cap in intestine. Afterward, NT/Cap could penetrate across the mucus layer deeply and enter the intestinal villi epithelial cells efficiently. LMP-NT microgels achieved a mucoadhesive-to-penetrating transition in response to intestinal pH, improving the epithelium absorption and the in vivo bioavailability of Cap. Oral administration of LMP-NT/Cap could effectively alleviate enteritis caused by Salmonella infection and maintain the homeostasis of gut microbiota. Overall, this work suggested that LMP-NT composite microgels were promising for intestine-targeted and oral delivery of hydrophobic bioactive food compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yang He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Simin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qimeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shanan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zekun Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Research Center of Food Colloids and Delivery of Functionality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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11
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Dual transcriptome based reconstruction of Salmonella-human integrated metabolic network to screen potential drug targets. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268889. [PMID: 35609089 PMCID: PMC9129043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a highly adaptive pathogenic bacteria with a serious public health concern due to its increasing resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, identification of novel drug targets for S. Typhimurium is crucial. Here, we first created a pathogen-host integrated genome-scale metabolic network by combining the metabolic models of human and S. Typhimurium, which we further tailored to the pathogenic state by the integration of dual transcriptome data. The integrated metabolic model enabled simultaneous investigation of metabolic alterations in human cells and S. Typhimurium during infection. Then, we used the tailored pathogen-host integrated genome-scale metabolic network to predict essential genes in the pathogen, which are candidate novel drug targets to inhibit infection. Drug target prioritization procedure was applied to these targets, and pabB was chosen as a putative drug target. It has an essential role in 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) synthesis, which is an essential biomolecule for many pathogens. A structure based virtual screening was applied through docking simulations to predict candidate compounds that eliminate S. Typhimurium infection by inhibiting pabB. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study for predicting drug targets and drug like molecules by using pathogen-host integrated genome-scale models, dual RNA-seq data and structure-based virtual screening protocols. This framework will be useful in proposing novel drug targets and drugs for antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
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12
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Huang S, Rong X, Liu M, Liang Z, Geng Y, Wang X, Zhang J, Ji C, Zhao L, Ma Q. Intestinal Mucosal Immunity-Mediated Modulation of the Gut Microbiome by Oral Delivery of Enterococcus faecium Against Salmonella Enteritidis Pathogenesis in a Laying Hen Model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:853954. [PMID: 35371085 PMCID: PMC8967290 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.853954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) is a protective role that has crucial beneficial functions on intestinal homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of E. faecium on the laying performance, egg quality, host metabolism, intestinal mucosal immunity, and gut microbiota of laying hens under the Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) challenge. A total of 400 45-week-old laying hens were randomly divided into four treatments (CON, EF, SCON, and SEF groups) with five replicates for each group and 20 hens per replicate and fed with a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with E. faecium (2.5 × 108 cfu/g feed). The experiment comprised two phases, consisting of the pre-salmonella challenged phase (from day 14 to day 21) and the post-salmonella challenged phase (from day 21 to day 42). At day 21 and day 22, the hens in SCON and SEF groups were orally challenged with 1.0 ml suspension of 109 cfu/ml S. Enteritidis (CVCC3377) daily, whereas the hens in CON and EF groups received the same volume of sterile PBS. Herein, our results showed that E. faecium administration significantly improved egg production and shell thickness during salmonella infection. Also, E. faecium affected host lipid metabolism parameters via downregulating the concentration of serum triglycerides, inhibited oxidative stress, and enhanced immune functions by downregulating the level of serum malondialdehyde and upregulating the level of serum immunoglobulin G. Of note, E. faecium supplementation dramatically alleviated intestinal villi structure injury and crypt atrophy, and improved intestinal mucosal barrier injuries caused by S. Enteritidis challenge. Moreover, our data revealed that E. faecium supplementation ameliorated S. Enteritidis infection-induced gut microbial dysbiosis by altering the gut microbial composition (reducing Bacteroides, Desulfovibrio, Synergistes, and Sutterella, and increasing Barnesiella, Butyricimonas, Bilophila, and Candidatus_Soleaferrea), and modulating the gut microbial function, such as cysteine and methionine metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, salmonella infection, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Taken together, E. faecium has a strong capacity to inhibit the S. Enteritidis colonization of hens. The results highlight the potential of E. faecium supplementation as a dietary supplement to combat S. Enteritidis infection in animal production and to promote food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqiang Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Poultry Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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13
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He Y, Ayansola H, Hou Q, Liao C, Lei J, Lai Y, Jiang Q, Masatoshi H, Zhang B. Genistein Inhibits Colonic Goblet Cell Loss and Colorectal Inflammation Induced by Salmonella Typhimurium Infection. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100209. [PMID: 34146390 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Salmonella is the main food-borne pathogen, which can infect intestinal epithelial cells and causes colitis. Genistein has a variety of biological activities that alleviates colitis induced by sodium dextran sulfate in a variety of ways, but its protective effects on colitis caused by pathogenic bacteria are still unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS This study explores the protective effect of genistein in reducing colitis caused by Salmonella infection. Salmonella causes colon inflammation through activating cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2, and genistein inhibits colitis caused by Salmonella typhimurium infection. Salmonella infection increases colonic mucosal damage, proliferating cells, and goblet cell loss, while the administration of genistein solves these pathological changes. In addition, it is further proved that Salmonella causes severe colitis related to goblet cell loss and activates the host crypt stem cells to repair the damaged epithelium. Salmonella infection inhibites the host mammalian target of rapamycin, activates light chain 3 II pathways to induce autophagy to eliminate pathogenic bacteria. Genistein increases Lactobacillus in feces and reduces Salmonella colonization to inhibit colitis induces by Salmonella infection. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates genistein alleviated colitis and inhibites the goblet cell loss causes by Salmonella infection through regulating the gut bacteria and intestinal stem cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hammed Ayansola
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qihang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chaoyong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yujiao Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiuyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hori Masatoshi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
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14
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Jiang L, Wang P, Song X, Zhang H, Ma S, Wang J, Li W, Lv R, Liu X, Ma S, Yan J, Zhou H, Huang D, Cheng Z, Yang C, Feng L, Wang L. Salmonella Typhimurium reprograms macrophage metabolism via T3SS effector SopE2 to promote intracellular replication and virulence. Nat Commun 2021; 12:879. [PMID: 33563986 PMCID: PMC7873081 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium establishes systemic infection by replicating in host macrophages. Here we show that macrophages infected with S. Typhimurium exhibit upregulated glycolysis and decreased serine synthesis, leading to accumulation of glycolytic intermediates. The effects on serine synthesis are mediated by bacterial protein SopE2, a type III secretion system (T3SS) effector encoded in pathogenicity island SPI-1. The changes in host metabolism promote intracellular replication of S. Typhimurium via two mechanisms: decreased glucose levels lead to upregulated bacterial uptake of 2- and 3-phosphoglycerate and phosphoenolpyruvate (carbon sources), while increased pyruvate and lactate levels induce upregulation of another pathogenicity island, SPI-2, known to encode virulence factors. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of host glycolysis, activation of host serine synthesis, or deletion of either the bacterial transport or signal sensor systems for those host glycolytic intermediates impairs S. Typhimurium replication or virulence. Salmonella Typhimurium establishes systemic infection by replicating in host macrophages. Here, Jiang et al. show that infected macrophages exhibit upregulated glycolysis and decreased serine synthesis, leading to accumulation of glycolytic intermediates that promote intracellular replication and virulence of S. Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peisheng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaorui Song
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangshuang Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingting Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanwu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Runxia Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Yang
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China. .,TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China. .,TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China. .,The Institute of Translational Medicine Research, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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15
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Eisenreich W, Rudel T, Heesemann J, Goebel W. Persistence of Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens-With a Focus on the Metabolic Perspective. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:615450. [PMID: 33520740 PMCID: PMC7841308 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.615450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistence has evolved as a potent survival strategy to overcome adverse environmental conditions. This capability is common to almost all bacteria, including all human bacterial pathogens and likely connected to chronic infections caused by some of these pathogens. Although the majority of a bacterial cell population will be killed by the particular stressors, like antibiotics, oxygen and nitrogen radicals, nutrient starvation and others, a varying subpopulation (termed persisters) will withstand the stress situation and will be able to revive once the stress is removed. Several factors and pathways have been identified in the past that apparently favor the formation of persistence, such as various toxin/antitoxin modules or stringent response together with the alarmone (p)ppGpp. However, persistence can occur stochastically in few cells even of stress-free bacterial populations. Growth of these cells could then be induced by the stress conditions. In this review, we focus on the persister formation of human intracellular bacterial pathogens, some of which belong to the most successful persister producers but lack some or even all of the assumed persistence-triggering factors and pathways. We propose a mechanism for the persister formation of these bacterial pathogens which is based on their specific intracellular bipartite metabolism. We postulate that this mode of metabolism ultimately leads, under certain starvation conditions, to the stalling of DNA replication initiation which may be causative for the persister state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Biochemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Heesemann
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Werner Goebel
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, München, Germany
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16
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He Y, Yang Y, Dong Y, Ito K, Zhang B. Highly nutritious diet resists Salmonella Typhimurium infections by improving intestinal microbiota and morphology in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:7055-7065. [PMID: 33248622 PMCID: PMC7705041 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infection in broiler chickens threatens public health and livestock production. In this study, we explored the effects of highly nutritious (crude protein 21.8%, metabolizable energy 3.16 Mcal/kg) and lowly nutritious (crude protein 18.1%, metabolizable energy 2.98 Mcal/kg) diets on S. Typhimurium infection by altering the intestinal morphology and environment in broiler chickens. The highly nutritious diet significantly increased the body weight gain and reduced feed conversion ratio on day 1 to 21 (P < 0.01). The highly nutritious diets promoted the intestinal villus height, crypt depth, and their ratio to improve the intestinal epithelial maturation (P < 0.05). Highly nutritious diets significantly increased the expression of claudin-1, occludin, and NF-κB genes in the intestinal epithelium on the days of 14 and 21 (P < 0.05). S. Typhimurium activated the expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB genes to cause an inflammatory response. The S. Typhimurium can increase the activity of myeloperoxidase, which cause an inflammatory response. The S. Typhimurium significantly reduced the diversity indexes of the ileal microbiota (P < 0.05), increased the abundance of Cyanobacteria which can synthesize toxins. The highly nutritious diet group challenged with S. Typhimurium can increase the abundance of Lactobacillus in the ileum, which lead to improved intestinal health (P < 0.05). It is concluded that increasing the nutritional level of dietary is beneficial to improve the resistance to S. Typhimurium infection by altering the intestinal bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Koichi Ito
- Department of Food and Physiological Models, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Ibaraki 319-0206, Japan
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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17
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The LysR-type transcriptional regulator STM0030 contributes to Salmonella
Typhimurium growth in macrophages and virulence in mice. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 59:1143-1153. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201900315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Song X, Zhang H, Ma S, Song Y, Lv R, Liu X, Yang B, Huang D, Liu B, Jiang L. Transcriptome analysis of virulence gene regulation by the ATP-dependent Lon protease in Salmonella Typhimurium. Future Microbiol 2019; 14:1109-1122. [PMID: 31370702 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Determination of the virulence regulatory network controlled by the ATP-dependent Lon protease in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Materials & methods: The effect of Lon on S. Typhimurium virulence genes expression was investigated by RNA sequencing, and virulence-associated phenotypes between the wild-type and lon mutant were compared. Results: SPI-1, SPI-4, SPI-9 and flagellar genes were activated, while SPI-2 genes were repressed in the lon mutant. Accordingly, the lon mutant exhibited increased adhesion to and invasion of epithelial cells, increased motility and decreased replication in macrophages. The activation of SPI-2 genes by Lon partially accounts for the replication defect of the mutant. Conclusion: A wide range of virulence regulatory functions are governed by Lon in S. enterica ser. Typhimurium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Song
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology & Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300071, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Huan Zhang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology & Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300071, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Shuangshuang Ma
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology & Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300071, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yajun Song
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology & Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300071, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Runxia Lv
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology & Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300071, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology & Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300071, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Bin Yang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology & Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300071, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Di Huang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology & Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300071, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology & Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300071, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Lingyan Jiang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology & Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300071, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300457, PR China
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19
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Xu J, Preciado-Llanes L, Aulicino A, Decker CM, Depke M, Gesell Salazar M, Schmidt F, Simmons A, Huang WE. Single-Cell and Time-Resolved Profiling of Intracellular Salmonella Metabolism in Primary Human Cells. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7729-7737. [PMID: 31117406 PMCID: PMC7006958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
intracellular pathogen Salmonella enterica has evolved
an array of traits for propagation and invasion of the
intestinal layers. It remains largely elusive how Salmonella adjusts its metabolic states to survive inside immune host cells.
In this study, single-cell Raman biotechnology combined with deuterium
isotope probing (Raman-DIP) have been applied to reveal metabolic
changes of the typhoidal Salmonella Typhi Ty2, the
nontyphoidal Salmonella Typhimurium LT2, and a clinical
isolate Typhimurium D23580. By initially labeling the Salmonella strains with deuterium, we employed reverse labeling to track their
metabolic changes in the time-course infection of THP-1 cell line,
human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) and macrophages (Mf).
We found that, in comparison with a noninvasive serovar, the invasive Salmonella strains Ty2 and D23580 have downregulated metabolic
activity inside human macrophages and dendritic cells and used lipids
as alternative carbon source, perhaps a strategy to escape from the
host immune response. Proteomic analysis using high sensitivity mass
spectrometry validated the findings of Raman-DIP analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Xu
- Department of Engineering Science , University of Oxford , Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PJ , United Kingdom
| | - Lorena Preciado-Llanes
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine , University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 9DS , United Kingdom.,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital , Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU , United Kingdom
| | - Anna Aulicino
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine , University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 9DS , United Kingdom.,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital , Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU , United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Martin Decker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics , University Medicine Greifswald , Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8 , 17475 Greifswald , Germany
| | - Maren Depke
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics , University Medicine Greifswald , Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8 , 17475 Greifswald , Germany
| | - Manuela Gesell Salazar
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics , University Medicine Greifswald , Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8 , 17475 Greifswald , Germany
| | - Frank Schmidt
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics , University Medicine Greifswald , Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8 , 17475 Greifswald , Germany.,Proteomics Core, Weill Cornel Medicine-Qatar , Education City , PO 24144 Doha , Qatar
| | - Alison Simmons
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine , University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 9DS , United Kingdom.,Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital , Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU , United Kingdom
| | - Wei E Huang
- Department of Engineering Science , University of Oxford , Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PJ , United Kingdom
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Noster J, Chao TC, Sander N, Schulte M, Reuter T, Hansmeier N, Hensel M. Proteomics of intracellular Salmonella enterica reveals roles of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 in metabolism and antioxidant defense. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007741. [PMID: 31009521 PMCID: PMC6497321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STM) deploy the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2-encoded type III secretion system (SPI2-T3SS) for the massive remodeling of the endosomal system for host cells. This activity results in formation of an extensive interconnected tubular network of Salmonella-induced filaments (SIFs) connected to the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV). Such network is absent in cells infected with SPI2-T3SS-deficient mutant strains such as ΔssaV. A tubular network with reduced dimensions is formed if SPI2-T3SS effector protein SseF is absent. Previous single cell live microscopy-based analyses revealed that intracellular proliferation of STM is directly correlated to the ability to transform the host cell endosomal system into a complex tubular network. This network may also abrogate host defense mechanisms such as delivery of antimicrobial effectors to the SCV. To test the role of SIFs in STM patho-metabolism, we performed quantitative comparative proteomics of STM recovered from infected murine macrophages. We infected RAW264.7 cells with STM wild type (WT), ΔsseF or ΔssaV strains, recovered bacteria 12 h after infection and determined proteome compositions. Increased numbers of proteins characteristic for nutritional starvation were detected in STM ΔsseF and ΔssaV compared to WT. In addition, STM ΔssaV, but not ΔsseF showed signatures of increased exposure to stress by antimicrobial defenses, in particular reactive oxygen species, of the host cells. The proteomics analyses presented here support and extend the role of SIFs for the intracellular lifestyle of STM. We conclude that efficient manipulation of the host cell endosomal system by effector proteins of the SPI2-T3SS contributes to nutrition, as well as to resistance against antimicrobial host defense mechanisms. The facultative intracellular bacterium Salmonella enterica has evolved sophisticated mechanisms to adapt to life inside a pathogen-containing vacuole in mammalian host cells. Intracellular Salmonella manipulate the host cell endosomal system resulting in formation of a complex network of tubular vesicles, termed Salmonella-induced filaments (SIFs). We applied quantitative proteomics to intracellular Salmonella in murine macrophages and compared the wild-type strain to mutant strains with aberrant SIF architecture, or no capacity for induction of SIF. We determined that those mutant strains contain higher amounts of transporters for nutrient uptake, and lower amounts of proteins for central carbon metabolism. These observations indicate response to nutrient restriction in absence of fully established SIF. In addition, the mutant strain unable to induce SIF formation showed increased amounts of proteins required for response to antimicrobial factors of the host cells. These data show that the massive remodeling of the endosomal system of host cells by intracellular Salmonella serves to essential needs, i.e. to enable access to nutrients for efficient proliferation of the pathogen, and to withstand hostile conditions within the pathogen-containing vacuole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Noster
- Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Tzu-Chiao Chao
- Institute of Environmental Change & Society, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
| | - Nathalie Sander
- Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Marc Schulte
- Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Tatjana Reuter
- Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Nicole Hansmeier
- Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,Institute of Environmental Change & Society, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
| | - Michael Hensel
- Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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