1
|
Austin MW, Smith AB, Olsen KM, Hoch PC, Krakos KN, Schmocker SP, Miller-Struttmann NE. Climate change increases flowering duration, driving phenological reassembly and elevated co-flowering richness. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:2486-2500. [PMID: 39049577 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Changes to flowering phenology are a key response of plants to climate change. However, we know little about how these changes alter temporal patterns of reproductive overlap (i.e. phenological reassembly). We combined long-term field (1937-2012) and herbarium records (1850-2017) of 68 species in a flowering plant community in central North America and used a novel application of Bayesian quantile regression to estimate changes to flowering season length, altered richness and composition of co-flowering assemblages, and whether phenological shifts exhibit seasonal trends. Across the past century, phenological shifts increased species' flowering durations by 11.5 d on average, which resulted in 94% of species experiencing greater flowering overlap at the community level. Increases to co-flowering were particularly pronounced in autumn, driven by a greater tendency of late season species to shift the ending of flowering later and to increase flowering duration. Our results demonstrate that species-level phenological shifts can result in considerable phenological reassembly and highlight changes to flowering duration as a prominent, yet underappreciated, effect of climate change. The emergence of an autumn co-flowering mode emphasizes that these effects may be season-dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Austin
- Herbarium, Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Adam B Smith
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kenneth M Olsen
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Peter C Hoch
- Herbarium, Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kyra N Krakos
- Department of Biology, Maryville University in Saint Louis, St Louis, MO, 63141, USA
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Stefani P Schmocker
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44240, USA
| | - Nicole E Miller-Struttmann
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Webster University, St Louis, MO, 63119, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Milberg P, Franzen M, Karpaty Wickbom A, Svelander S, Johansson V. Pollinator activity and flowering in agricultural weeds in Sweden. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11725. [PMID: 38978999 PMCID: PMC11227967 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The extent to which weeds in arable land are useful to pollinators depends in part on the temporal pattern of flowering and insect flight activity. We compiled citizen science data on 54 bees and hoverflies typical of agricultural areas in southern Sweden, as well as 24 flowering weed species classified as pollinator-friendly in the sense that they provide nectar and/or pollen to pollinators. The flight periods of the bees and hoverflies varied greatly, but there were also some consistent differences between the four groups studied. The first group to fly were the early flying solitary bees (7 species), followed by the social bees (18 species). In contrast, other solitary bees (11 species) and hoverflies (22 species) flew later in the summer. Solitary bees had the shortest flight periods, while social bees and hoverflies had longer flight periods. Flowering of weed species also varied greatly between species, with weeds classified as winter annuals (e.g., germinating in autumn) starting early together with germination generalists (species that can germinate in both autumn and spring). Summer annuals (spring germinators) and perennials started flowering about a month later. Germination generalists had a much longer flowering period than the others. Weekly pollinator records were in most cases significantly explained by weed records. Apart from early flying solitary bees, all models showed strong positive relationships. The overall best explanatory variable was the total number of weeds, with a weight assigned to each species based on its potential as a nectar/pollen source. This suggests that agricultural weeds in Sweden provide a continuous potential supply of nectar and pollen throughout the flight season of most pollinators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Per Milberg
- IFM Biology, Conservation Ecology GroupLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Markus Franzen
- IFM Biology, Conservation Ecology GroupLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | | | - Sabine Svelander
- IFM Biology, Conservation Ecology GroupLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| | - Victor Johansson
- IFM Biology, Conservation Ecology GroupLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Capinha C, Ceia-Hasse A, de-Miguel S, Vila-Viçosa C, Porto M, Jarić I, Tiago P, Fernández N, Valdez J, McCallum I, Pereira HM. Using citizen science data for predicting the timing of ecological phenomena across regions. Bioscience 2024; 74:383-392. [PMID: 39055369 PMCID: PMC11266983 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biae041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The scarcity of long-term observational data has limited the use of statistical or machine-learning techniques for predicting intraannual ecological variation. However, time-stamped citizen-science observation records, supported by media data such as photographs, are increasingly available. In the present article, we present a novel framework based on the concept of relative phenological niche, using machine-learning algorithms to model observation records as a temporal sample of environmental conditions in which the represented ecological phenomenon occurs. Our approach accurately predicts the temporal dynamics of ecological events across large geographical scales and is robust to temporal bias in recording effort. These results highlight the vast potential of citizen-science observation data to predict ecological phenomena across space, including in near real time. The framework is also easily applicable for ecologists and practitioners already using machine-learning and statistics-based predictive approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- César Capinha
- Centre of Geographical Studies, Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning of the University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory TerraLisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Ceia-Hasse
- BIOPOLIS, CIBIO, InBIO Associate Laboratory, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- University of Lisbon, LisbonPortugal
| | - Sergio de-Miguel
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia, Solsona, Spain
| | - Carlos Vila-Viçosa
- BIOPOLIS, CIBIO, InBIO Associate Laboratory
- Museu de História Natural e da Ciência, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Porto
- BIOPOLIS, CIBIO, InBIO Associate Laboratory, , University of Porto, Porto
- University of Lisbon, Lisbon
- Mértola Biological Station, Mértola, Portugal
| | - Ivan Jarić
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique EvolutionParis, France
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Patricia Tiago
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Changes & CHANGE--Global Change and Sustainability Institute, at Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Néstor Fernández
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology from the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jose Valdez
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology from the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Ian McCallum
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Henrique Miguel Pereira
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology from the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- BIOPOLIS and CIBIO, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yancy AJ, Lee BR, Kuebbing SE, Neufeld HS, Spicer ME, Heberling JM. Evaluating the definition and distribution of spring ephemeral wildflowers in eastern North America. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024; 111:e16323. [PMID: 38659163 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
PREMISE The herbaceous layer accounts for the majority of plant biodiversity in eastern North American forests, encompassing substantial variation in life history strategy and function. One group of early-season herbaceous understory species, colloquially referred to as spring ephemeral wildflowers, are ecologically and culturally important, but little is known about the prevalence and biogeographic patterns of the spring ephemeral strategy. METHODS We used observations collected by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) to quantify the ephemerality of 559 understory forb species across eastern North America and classify them according to a continuous ephemerality index (ranging from 0 = never ephemeral to 1 = always ephemeral). We then used this information to model where ephemeral forbs were most common across the landscape with the goal of identifying geographic and environmental drivers important to their distributions and ranges. RESULTS Only 3.4% of all understory wildflower species were spring ephemerals in all parts of their range, and 18.4% (103 species) were ephemeral in at least part of their range. Spring ephemerals peaked in absolute species richness and relative proportion at mid latitudes. CONCLUSIONS Spring ephemeral phenology is an important shade-avoidance strategy for a large segment of the total understory species in temperate deciduous forests. In North America, the strategy is relatively most important for forest understories at mid latitudes. The definitions of spring ephemerality we provide here serve as an important ecological context for conservation priorities and to evaluate responses of this biodiverse group to future environmental change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abby J Yancy
- Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Section of Botany, 4400 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, 15213 USA, PA
- Department of Geology and Environmental Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4107 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, 15260, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin R Lee
- Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Section of Botany, 4400 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, 15213 USA, PA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4249 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, 15260, PA, USA
- Holden Arboretum, 9550 Sperry Road, Kirtland, 44094, OH, USA
| | - Sara E Kuebbing
- Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Section of Botany, 4400 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, 15213 USA, PA
- The Forest School, Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Howard S Neufeld
- Appalachian State University Dept. of Biology, 572 Rivers Street, Boone, 28608, NC, USA
| | - Michelle Elise Spicer
- Lehigh University Dept. of Earth and Environmental Science, 1 West Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, 18015, PA, USA
| | - J Mason Heberling
- Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Section of Botany, 4400 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, 15213 USA, PA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4249 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, 15260, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Katal N, Rzanny M, Mäder P, Römermann C, Wittich HC, Boho D, Musavi T, Wäldchen J. Bridging the gap: how to adopt opportunistic plant observations for phenology monitoring. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1150956. [PMID: 37860262 PMCID: PMC10582721 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1150956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant phenology plays a vital role in assessing climate change. To monitor this, individual plants are traditionally visited and observed by trained volunteers organized in national or international networks - in Germany, for example, by the German Weather Service, DWD. However, their number of observers is continuously decreasing. In this study, we explore the feasibility of using opportunistically captured plant observations, collected via the plant identification app Flora Incognita to determine the onset of flowering and, based on that, create interpolation maps comparable to those of the DWD. Therefore, the opportunistic observations of 17 species collected in 2020 and 2021 were assigned to "Flora Incognita stations" based on location and altitude in order to mimic the network of stations forming the data basis for the interpolation conducted by the DWD. From the distribution of observations, the percentile representing onset of flowering date was calculated using a parametric bootstrapping approach and then interpolated following the same process as applied by the DWD. Our results show that for frequently observed, herbaceous and conspicuous species, the patterns of onset of flowering were similar and comparable between both data sources. We argue that a prominent flowering stage is crucial for accurately determining the onset of flowering from opportunistic plant observations, and we discuss additional factors, such as species distribution, location bias and societal events contributing to the differences among species and phenology data. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the phenological monitoring of certain species can benefit from incorporating opportunistic plant observations. Furthermore, we highlight the potential to expand the taxonomic range of monitored species for phenological stage assessment through opportunistic plant observation data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Negin Katal
- Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Rzanny
- Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Patrick Mäder
- Data Intensive Systems and Visualisation, Technische Universitat Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine Römermann
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Wittich
- Data Intensive Systems and Visualisation, Technische Universitat Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - David Boho
- Data Intensive Systems and Visualisation, Technische Universitat Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Talie Musavi
- Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Wäldchen
- Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guralnick RP, Campbell LP, Belitz MW. Weather anomalies more important than climate means in driving insect phenology. Commun Biol 2023; 6:490. [PMID: 37147472 PMCID: PMC10163234 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of long-term trends in phenology often rely on climatic averages or accumulated heat, overlooking climate variability. Here we test the hypothesis that unusual weather conditions are critical in driving adult insect phenology. First, we generate phenological estimates for Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) across the Eastern USA, and over a 70 year period, using natural history collections data. Next, we assemble a set of predictors, including the number of unusually warm and cold days prior to, and during, the adult flight period. We then use phylogenetically informed linear mixed effects models to evaluate effects of unusual weather events, climate context, species traits, and their interactions on flight onset, offset and duration. We find increasing numbers of both warm and cold days were strong effects, dramatically increasing flight duration. This strong effect on duration is likely driven by differential onset and termination dynamics. For flight onset, impact of unusual climate conditions is dependent on climatic context, but for flight cessation, more unusually cold days always lead to later termination particularly for multivoltine species. These results show that understanding phenological responses under global change must account for unusual weather events, especially given they are predicted to increase in frequency and severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R P Guralnick
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, Dickinson Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - L P Campbell
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology & Nematology, IFAS, University of Florida, 200 9th Street SE, Vero Beach, FL, 32962, USA
| | - M W Belitz
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, Dickinson Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Neate-Clegg MHC, Tingley MW. Adult male birds advance spring migratory phenology faster than females and juveniles across North America. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:341-354. [PMID: 36268831 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Advances in spring migratory phenology comprise some of the most well-documented evidence for the impacts of climate change on birds. Nevertheless, surprisingly little research has investigated whether birds are shifting their migratory phenology equally across sex and age classes-a question critical to understanding the potential for trophic mismatch. We used 60 years of bird banding data across North America-comprising over 4 million captures in total-to investigate both spring and fall migratory phenology for a total of 98 bird species across sex and age classes, with the exact numbers of species for each analysis depending on season-specific data availability. Consistent with protandry, in spring (n = 89 species), adult males were the first to arrive and immature females were the last to arrive. In fall (n = 98), there was little difference between sexes, but adults tended to depart earlier than juveniles. Over 60 years, adult males advanced their phenology the fastest (-0.84 days per decade, 95 CrI = -1.22 to -0.47, n = 36), while adult and immature females advanced at a slower pace, causing the gap in male and female arrival times to widen over time. In the fall, there was no overall trend in phenology by age or sex (n = 57), driven in part by high interspecific variation related to breeding and molt strategies. Our results indicate consistent and predictable age- and sex-based differences in the rates at which species' springtime phenology is shifting. The growing gap between male and female migratory arrival indicates sex-based plasticity in adaptation to climate change that has strong potential to negatively impact current and future population trends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Morgan W Tingley
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Forti LR, Szabo JK. The iNaturalist platform as a source of data to study amphibians in Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20220828. [PMID: 37075357 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320220828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on debilitating recent budget cuts for science, Brazilian researchers had to find alternative ways to continue scientific production. Here we provide a perspective for the use of citizen-science data deposited in the iNaturalist platform as an alternative source of data to support biodiversity research. Observations contributed by volunteers can be analyzed at large spatial and temporal scales and can respond to questions in behavioral and population ecology. We analyzed this potential through the example of Brazilian amphibians, a group that is less studied worldwide than birds. In fact, to our knowledge, only two studies have been published that are based on citizen-science data for Brazilian amphibians. At the time of writing, the iNaturalist platform has over 14,800 research grade observations from Brazil, representing 698 species, a number increasing daily. Compared to other species-rich countries, volunteer-collected datasets from Brazil cover a relatively high taxonomic diversity (61%), providing a plethora of valuable data. Despite this potential, there are large spatial gaps in sampling in Brazil. Here we encourage established and budding herpetologists not only to use the platform to retrieve data, but also to contribute to iNaturalist actively, with new observations, as well as by identifying species in existing records.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R Forti
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Biologia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 668, Campus de Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Departamento de Biociências, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Costa e Silva, 59625-900 Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Judit K Szabo
- College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory 0909, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Stemkovski M, Dickson RG, Griffin SR, Inouye BD, Inouye DW, Pardee GL, Underwood N, Irwin RE. Skewness in bee and flower phenological distributions. Ecology 2023; 104:e3890. [PMID: 36208124 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Phenological distributions are characterized by their central tendency, breadth, and shape, and all three determine the extent to which interacting species overlap in time. Pollination mutualisms rely on temporal co-occurrence of pollinators and their floral resources, and although much work has been done to characterize the shapes of flower phenological distributions, similar studies that include pollinators are lacking. Here, we provide the first broad assessment of skewness, a component of distribution shape, for a bee community. We compare skewness in bees to that in flowers, relate bee and flower skewness to other properties of their phenology, and quantify the potential consequences of differences in skewness between bees and flowers. Both bee and flower phenologies tend to be right-skewed, with a more exaggerated asymmetry in bees. Early-season species tend to be the most skewed, and this relationship is also stronger in bees than in flowers. Based on a simulation experiment, differences in bee and flower skewness could account for up to 14% of pairwise overlap differences. Given the potential for interaction loss, we argue that difference in skewness of interacting species is an underappreciated property of phenological change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stemkovski
- Department of Biology & Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA.,Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, Colorado, USA
| | - Rachel G Dickson
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, Colorado, USA
| | - Sean R Griffin
- Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Brian D Inouye
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, Colorado, USA.,Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - David W Inouye
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, Colorado, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Gabriella L Pardee
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Nora Underwood
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, Colorado, USA.,Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Rebecca E Irwin
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, Colorado, USA.,Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu G, Kingsford RT, Callaghan CT, Rowley JJL. Anthropogenic habitat modification alters calling phenology of frogs. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6194-6208. [PMID: 35949049 PMCID: PMC9804319 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic habitat modification significantly challenges biodiversity. With its intensification, understanding species' capacity to adapt is critical for conservation planning. However, little is known about whether and how different species are responding, particularly among frogs. We used a continental-scale citizen science dataset of >226,000 audio recordings of 42 Australian frog species to investigate how calling-a proxy for breeding-phenology varied along an anthropogenic modification gradient. Calling started earlier and breeding seasons lengthened with increasing modification intensity. Breeding seasons averaged 22.9 ± 8.25 days (standard error) longer in the most modified compared to the least modified regions, suggesting that frog breeding activity was sensitive to habitat modification. We also examined whether calls varied along a modification gradient by analysing the temporal and spectral properties of advertisement calls from a subset of 441 audio recordings of three broadly distributed frog species. There was no appreciable effect of anthropogenic habitat modification on any of the measured call variables, although there was high variability. With continued habitat modification, species may shift towards earlier and longer breeding seasons, with largely unknown ecological consequences in terms of proximate and ultimate fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gracie Liu
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Australian Museum Research InstituteAustralian MuseumSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Richard T. Kingsford
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Corey T. Callaghan
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) – HalleLeipzigGermany
- Faculty of Environmental SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePragueCzech Republic
| | - Jodi J. L. Rowley
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Australian Museum Research InstituteAustralian MuseumSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Larsen EA, Belitz MW, Guralnick RP, Ries L. Consistent trait-temperature interactions drive butterfly phenology in both incidental and survey data. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13370. [PMID: 35927297 PMCID: PMC9352721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Data availability limits phenological research at broad temporal and spatial extents. Butterflies are among the few taxa with broad-scale occurrence data, from both incidental reports and formal surveys. Incidental reports have biases that are challenging to address, but structured surveys are often limited seasonally and may not span full flight phenologies. Thus, how these data source compare in phenological analyses is unclear. We modeled butterfly phenology in relation to traits and climate using parallel analyses of incidental and survey data, to explore their shared utility and potential for analytical integration. One workflow aggregated “Pollard” surveys, where sites are visited multiple times per year; the other aggregated incidental data from online portals: iNaturalist and eButterfly. For 40 species, we estimated early (10%) and mid (50%) flight period metrics, and compared the spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of phenology across species and between datasets. For both datasets, inter-annual variability was best explained by temperature, and seasonal emergence was earlier for resident species overwintering at more advanced stages. Other traits related to habitat, feeding, dispersal, and voltinism had mixed or no impacts. Our results suggest that data integration can improve phenological research, and leveraging traits may predict phenology in poorly studied species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise A Larsen
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Regents Hall 501, Washington DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Michael W Belitz
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.,University of Florida Biodiversity Institute, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Robert P Guralnick
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Leslie Ries
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Regents Hall 501, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Forti LR, Hepp F, de Souza JM, Protazio A, Szabo JK. Climate drives anuran breeding phenology in a continental perspective as revealed by citizen‐collected data. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fábio Hepp
- Laboratório de Anfíbios e Répteis, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Airan Protazio
- Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal da Bahia Salvador Brazil
- Departamento de Ensino Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Bahia Irecê Brazil
| | - Judit K. Szabo
- Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal da Bahia Salvador Brazil
- College of Engineering, IT and Environment Charles Darwin University Darwin Northern Territory Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Iwanycki Ahlstrand N, Primack RB, Tøttrup AP. A comparison of herbarium and citizen science phenology datasets for detecting response of flowering time to climate change in Denmark. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:849-862. [PMID: 35235036 PMCID: PMC9042978 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02238-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phenology has emerged as a key metric to measure how species respond to changes in climate. Innovative means have been developed to extend the temporal and spatial range of phenological data by obtaining data from herbarium specimens, citizen science programs, and biodiversity data repositories. These different data types have seldom been compared for their effectiveness in detecting environmental impacts on phenology. To address this, we compare three separate phenology datasets from Denmark: (i) herbarium specimen data spanning 145 years, (ii) data collected from a citizen science phenology program over a single year observing first flowering, and (iii) data derived from incidental biodiversity observations in iNaturalist over a single year. Each dataset includes flowering day of year observed for three common spring-flowering plant species: Allium ursinum (ramsons), Aesculus hippocastanum (horse chestnut), and Sambucus nigra (black elderberry). The incidental iNaturalist dataset provided the most extensive geographic coverage across Denmark and the largest sample size and recorded peak flowering in a way comparable to herbarium specimens. The directed citizen science dataset recorded much earlier flowering dates because the program objective was to report the first flowering, and so was less compared to the other two datasets. Herbarium data demonstrated the strongest effect of spring temperature on flowering in Denmark, possibly because it was the only dataset measuring temporal variation in phenology, while the other datasets measured spatial variation. Herbarium data predicted the mean flowering day of year recorded in our iNaturalist dataset for all three species. Combining herbarium data with iNaturalist data provides an even more effective method for detecting climatic effects on phenology. Phenology observations from directed and incidental citizen science initiatives will increase in value for climate change research in the coming years with the addition of data capturing the inter-annual variation in phenology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anders P Tøttrup
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Donnelly A, Yu R, Jones K, Belitz M, Li B, Duffy K, Zhang X, Wang J, Seyednasrollah B, Gerst KL, Li D, Kaddoura Y, Zhu K, Morisette J, Ramey C, Smith K. Exploring discrepancies between in situ phenology and remotely derived phenometrics at
NEON
sites. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alison Donnelly
- Department of Geography University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin USA
| | - Rong Yu
- Department of Geography University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin USA
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou China
| | - Katherine Jones
- Battelle, National Ecological Observatory Network Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Michael Belitz
- Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Bonan Li
- Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Katharyn Duffy
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- Department of Geography South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Geography South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA
| | - Bijan Seyednasrollah
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Katherine L. Gerst
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona Flagstaff Arizona USA
- Bat Conservation International Austin Texas USA
| | - Daijiang Li
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
- Center for Computation and Technology Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - Youssef Kaddoura
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Environmental Studies University of California, Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California USA
| | - Jeffrey Morisette
- Department of the Interior National Invasive Species Council Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Colette Ramey
- Department of Biology‐Botany Metropolitan State University of Denver Denver Colorado USA
| | - Kathleen Smith
- Department of Biology‐Botany Metropolitan State University of Denver Denver Colorado USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Iler AM, Humphrey PT, Ogilvie JE, CaraDonna PJ. Conceptual and practical issues limit the utility of statistical estimators of phenological events. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Iler
- Chicago Botanic Garden, the Negaunee Institute for Plant Science Conservation and Action 1000 Lake Cook Road Glencoe Illinois 60022 USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory P.O. Box 519 Crested Butte Colorado 81224 USA
- Program in Plant Biology and Conservation Northwestern University 633 Clark Street Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| | - Parris T. Humphrey
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University 26 Oxford Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
| | - Jane E. Ogilvie
- Chicago Botanic Garden, the Negaunee Institute for Plant Science Conservation and Action 1000 Lake Cook Road Glencoe Illinois 60022 USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory P.O. Box 519 Crested Butte Colorado 81224 USA
- Department of Biological Science Florida State University 319 Stadium Drive Tallahassee Florida 32306 USA
| | - Paul J. CaraDonna
- Chicago Botanic Garden, the Negaunee Institute for Plant Science Conservation and Action 1000 Lake Cook Road Glencoe Illinois 60022 USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory P.O. Box 519 Crested Butte Colorado 81224 USA
- Program in Plant Biology and Conservation Northwestern University 633 Clark Street Evanston Illinois 60208 USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Belitz MW, Barve V, Doby JR, Hantak MM, Larsen EA, Li D, Oswald JA, Sewnath N, Walters M, Barve N, Earl K, Gardner N, Guralnick RP, Stucky BJ. Climate drivers of adult insect activity are conditioned by life history traits. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:2687-2699. [PMID: 34636143 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Insect phenological lability is key for determining which species will adapt under environmental change. However, little is known about when adult insect activity terminates and overall activity duration. We used community-science and museum specimen data to investigate the effects of climate and urbanisation on timing of adult insect activity for 101 species varying in life history traits. We found detritivores and species with aquatic larval stages extend activity periods most rapidly in response to increasing regional temperature. Conversely, species with subterranean larval stages have relatively constant durations regardless of regional temperature. Species extended their period of adult activity similarly in warmer conditions regardless of voltinism classification. Longer adult durations may represent a general response to warming, but voltinism data in subtropical environments are likely underreported. This effort provides a framework to address the drivers of adult insect phenology at continental scales and a basis for predicting species response to environmental change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Belitz
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Vijay Barve
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Joshua R Doby
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Maggie M Hantak
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Elise A Larsen
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Daijiang Li
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisina, USA.,Center for Computation & Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisina, USA
| | - Jessica A Oswald
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Biology Department, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Neeka Sewnath
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mitchell Walters
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Narayani Barve
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kamala Earl
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nicholas Gardner
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Robert P Guralnick
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Brian J Stucky
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Di Cecco GJ, Barve V, Belitz MW, Stucky BJ, Guralnick RP, Hurlbert AH. Observing the Observers: How Participants Contribute Data to iNaturalist and Implications for Biodiversity Science. Bioscience 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The availability of citizen science data has resulted in growing applications in biodiversity science. One widely used platform, iNaturalist, provides millions of digitally vouchered observations submitted by a global user base. These observation records include a date and a location but otherwise do not contain any information about the sampling process. As a result, sampling biases must be inferred from the data themselves. In the present article, we examine spatial and temporal biases in iNaturalist observations from the platform's launch in 2008 through the end of 2019. We also characterize user behavior on the platform in terms of individual activity level and taxonomic specialization. We found that, at the level of taxonomic class, the users typically specialized on a particular group, especially plants or insects, and rarely made observations of the same species twice. Biodiversity scientists should consider whether user behavior results in systematic biases in their analyses before using iNaturalist data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace J Di Cecco
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Vijay Barve
- biodiversity informatics, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Michael W Belitz
- biodiversity informatics, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Brian J Stucky
- biodiversity informatics, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Robert P Guralnick
- biodiversity informatics, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Allen H Hurlbert
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Edwards CB, Crone EE. Estimating abundance and phenology from transect count data with GLMs. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
19
|
Larsen EA, Shirey V. Method matters: pitfalls in analysing phenology from occurrence records. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1287-1289. [PMID: 33756053 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Large occurrence datasets provide a sizable resource for ecological analyses, but have substantial limitations. Phenological analyses in Fric et al. (2020) were misleading due to inadequate curation and improper statistics. Reanalysing 22 univoltine species with sufficient data for independent analysis, we found substantively different macroscale phenological patterns, including later onset at higher latitude for most species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise A Larsen
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vaughn Shirey
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li D, Barve N, Brenskelle L, Earl K, Barve V, Belitz MW, Doby J, Hantak MM, Oswald JA, Stucky BJ, Walters M, Guralnick RP. Climate, urbanization, and species traits interactively drive flowering duration. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:892-903. [PMID: 33249694 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A wave of green leaves and multi-colored flowers advances from low to high latitudes each spring. However, little is known about how flowering offset (i.e., ending of flowering) and duration of populations of the same species vary along environmental gradients. Understanding these patterns is critical for predicting the effects of future climate and land-use change on plants, pollinators, and herbivores. Here, we investigated potential climatic and landscape drivers of flowering onset, offset, and duration of 52 plant species with varying key traits. We generated phenology estimates using >270,000 community-science photographs and a novel presence-only phenometric estimation method. We found longer flowering durations in warmer areas, which is more obvious for summer-blooming species compared to spring-bloomers driven by their strongly differing offset dynamics. We also found that higher human population density and higher annual precipitation are associated with delayed flowering offset and extended flowering duration. Finally, offset of woody perennials was more sensitive than herbaceous species to both climate and urbanization drivers. Empirical forecast models suggested that flowering durations will be longer in 2030 and 2050 under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5, especially for summer-blooming species. Our study provides critical insight into drivers of key flowering phenophases and confirms that Hopkins' Bioclimatic Law also applies to flowering durations for summer-blooming species and herbaceous spring-blooming species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daijiang Li
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Center for Computation & Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Narayani Barve
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Laura Brenskelle
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kamala Earl
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Vijay Barve
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael W Belitz
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Joshua Doby
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Maggie M Hantak
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jessica A Oswald
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Biology Department, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Brian J Stucky
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mitch Walters
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert P Guralnick
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|