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Tang P, He W, Shao Y, Liu B, Huang H, Liang J, Liao Q, Tang Y, Mo M, Zhou Y, Li H, Huang D, Liu S, Zeng X, Qiu X. Associations between prenatal multiple plasma metal exposure and newborn telomere length: Effect modification by maternal age and infant sex. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120451. [PMID: 36270567 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to metals during pregnancy may affect maternal and infant health. However, studies on the combined effects of metals on the telomere length (TL) of newborns are limited. A prospective cohort study was conducted among 1313 mother-newborn pairs in the Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort. The concentrations of metals in maternal plasma during the first trimester were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. We explored the associations between nine plasma metals and newborn TL using generalized linear models (GLMs), principal component analysis (PCA), quantile g-computation (qgcomp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). The GLMs revealed the inverse association between plasma arsenic (percent change, -5.56%; 95% CI: -7.69%, -3.38%) and barium concentrations (-9.84%; 95% CI: -13.81%, -5.68%) and newborn TL. Lead levels were related to significant decreases in newborn TL only in females. The PCA revealed a negative association between the PC3 and newborn TL (-4.52%; 95% CI: -6.34%, -2.68%). In the BKMR, the joint effect of metals was negatively associated with newborn TL. Qgcomp indicated that each one-tertile increase in metal mixture levels was associated with shorter newborn TL (-9.39%; 95% CI: -14.32%, -4.18%). The single and joint effects of multiple metals were more pronounced among pregnant women carrying female fetuses and among pregnant women <28 years of age. The finding suggests that prenatal exposure to arsenic, barium, antimony, and lead and mixed metals may shorten newborn TLs. The relationship between metal exposures and newborn TL may exhibit heterogeneities according to infant sex and maternal age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wanting He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yantao Shao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530031, Guangxi, China
| | - Bihu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Huishen Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Qian Liao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Meile Mo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- School of Public Health, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Dongping Huang
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shun Liu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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2
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Lee JW, Ong EBB. Genomic Instability and Cellular Senescence: Lessons From the Budding Yeast. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:619126. [PMID: 33511130 PMCID: PMC7835410 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.619126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process that occurs in all living organisms. Aging is initiated by the gradual accumulation of biomolecular damage in cells leading to the loss of cellular function and ultimately death. Cellular senescence is one such pathway that leads to aging. The accumulation of nucleic acid damage and genetic alterations that activate permanent cell-cycle arrest triggers the process of senescence. Cellular senescence can result from telomere erosion and ribosomal DNA instability. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of telomere length homeostasis and ribosomal DNA stability, and describe how these mechanisms are linked to cellular senescence and longevity through lessons learned from budding yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Whu Lee
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.,USM-RIKEN International Centre for Aging Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Eugene Boon Beng Ong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.,USM-RIKEN International Centre for Aging Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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3
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Ulrich K, Schwappach B, Jakob U. Thiol-based switching mechanisms of stress-sensing chaperones. Biol Chem 2020; 402:239-252. [PMID: 32990643 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thiol-based redox switches evolved as efficient post-translational regulatory mechanisms that enable individual proteins to rapidly respond to sudden environmental changes. While some protein functions need to be switched off to save resources and avoid potentially error-prone processes, protective functions become essential and need to be switched on. In this review, we focus on thiol-based activation mechanisms of stress-sensing chaperones. Upon stress exposure, these chaperones convert into high affinity binding platforms for unfolding proteins and protect cells against the accumulation of potentially toxic protein aggregates. Their chaperone activity is independent of ATP, a feature that becomes especially important under oxidative stress conditions, where cellular ATP levels drop and canonical ATP-dependent chaperones no longer operate. Vice versa, reductive inactivation and substrate release require the restoration of ATP levels, which ensures refolding of client proteins by ATP-dependent foldases. We will give an overview over the different strategies that cells evolved to rapidly increase the pool of ATP-independent chaperones upon oxidative stress and provide mechanistic insights into how stress conditions are used to convert abundant cellular proteins into ATP-independent holding chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Ulrich
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI48109, USA
| | - Blanche Schwappach
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ursula Jakob
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI48109, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109, USA
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4
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Silva MA, Souza TG, Melo MEG, Silva JM, Lima JR, Lira AFA, de Aguiar-Júnior FCA, Martins RD, Jorge RJB, Chagas CA, Teixeira VW, Teixeira ÁAC. Tityus stigmurus venom causes genetic damage in blood and testicular cells and affects the number and morphology of gametogenic lineage cells in mice. Toxicon 2020; 185:114-119. [PMID: 32659238 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Scorpion envenomation represents an important health problem in many parts of the world, due to the high number and severity of accidents. Recent studies demonstrated that some species can produce venoms with genetic damage potential. Here, we evaluated whether Tityus stigmurus venom causes genetic damage in blood and testicular cells of Swiss mice. We also analyzed the effect of the venom on the number of spermatogenic lineage cells. Five groups of mice received 0.387 mg/kg of the venom, intraperitoneally; one group received saline solution (control group). Blood and testicular cells were collected for comet assay and histological analysis at different times after treatment (1, 2, 6, 12, and 48 h). Blood was also collected 48 h after treatment for the micronucleus test in erythrocytes. Histological analysis was performed by counting cells of the spermatogenic lineages; the nuclear area of elongated spermatocytes was also evaluated. Treatment with the venom induced DNA damage that endured from 1 h to 48 h, as confirmed by the comet assay. The micronucleus test demonstrated that the venom induced mutations in erythrocytes. The number of spermatogonia and rounded spermatids decreased in some groups; the number of elongated spermatids increased, and their nuclear size decreased 1 h after treatment. Genetic damage can be caused directly by the venom, but we suggested that reactive oxygen species that result from inflammatory process caused by the envenomation may have an important role in the DNA damage. Genetic damage and apoptosis may explain the changes in the number of spermatogenic cells. Furthermore, the decrease in nuclear area may result from chromatin loss. Genetic damage in testicular cells, associated with alterations in the number and morphology of spermatogenic cells, can result in reproduction disorders in animals, or humans, stung by T. stigmurus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meykson A Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência Animal Tropical, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brazil; Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil.
| | - Talita G Souza
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria E G Melo
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Jeanderson M Silva
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - José R Lima
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - André F A Lira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência Animal Tropical, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - René D Martins
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Roberta J B Jorge
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Ceará - UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Cristiano A Chagas
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco-UFPE, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Valéria W Teixeira
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Álvaro A C Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência Animal Tropical, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brazil; Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
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5
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Pacifici F, Della-Morte D, Piermarini F, Arriga R, Scioli MG, Capuani B, Pastore D, Coppola A, Rea S, Donadel G, Andreadi A, Abete P, Sconocchia G, Bellia A, Orlandi A, Lauro D. Prdx6 Plays a Main Role in the Crosstalk Between Aging and Metabolic Sarcopenia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040329. [PMID: 32316601 PMCID: PMC7222359 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increase in average life expectancy, several individuals are affected by age-associated non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). The presence of NCDs, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), leads to the reduction in skeletal muscle mass, a pathological condition defined as sarcopenia. A key factor linking sarcopenia with cellular senescence and diabetes mellitus (DM) is oxidative stress. We previously reported as the absence of Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6), an antioxidant enzyme implicated in maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis, induces an early-stage of T2DM. In the present study we sought to understand the role of Prdx6 in the crosstalk between aging and diabetic sarcopenia, by using Prdx6 knockout (Prdx6-/-) mice. Absence of Prdx6 reduced telomeres length and Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) nuclear localization. An increase in Sa-β-Gal activity and p53-p21 pro-aging pathway were also evident. An impairment in IGF-1 (Insulin-like Groth Factor-1)/Akt-1/mTOR pathway leading to a relative increase in Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1) nuclear localization and in a decrease of muscle differentiation as per lower levels of myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD) was observed. Muscle atrophy was also present in Prdx6-/- mice by the increase in Muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1) levels and proteins ubiquitination associated to a reduction in muscle strength. The present study, innovatively, highlights a fundamental role of Prdx6, in the crosstalk between aging, sarcopenia, and DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pacifici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (D.D.-M.); (F.P.); (R.A.); (B.C.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (S.R.); (A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (D.D.-M.); (F.P.); (R.A.); (B.C.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (S.R.); (A.A.); (A.B.)
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Francesca Piermarini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (D.D.-M.); (F.P.); (R.A.); (B.C.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (S.R.); (A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Roberto Arriga
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (D.D.-M.); (F.P.); (R.A.); (B.C.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (S.R.); (A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Scioli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Anatomic Pathology Section, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.G.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Barbara Capuani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (D.D.-M.); (F.P.); (R.A.); (B.C.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (S.R.); (A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Donatella Pastore
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (D.D.-M.); (F.P.); (R.A.); (B.C.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (S.R.); (A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Coppola
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (D.D.-M.); (F.P.); (R.A.); (B.C.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (S.R.); (A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Silvia Rea
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (D.D.-M.); (F.P.); (R.A.); (B.C.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (S.R.); (A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Giulia Donadel
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Aikaterini Andreadi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (D.D.-M.); (F.P.); (R.A.); (B.C.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (S.R.); (A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Pasquale Abete
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Sconocchia
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alfonso Bellia
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (D.D.-M.); (F.P.); (R.A.); (B.C.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (S.R.); (A.A.); (A.B.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Anatomic Pathology Section, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.G.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Davide Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.P.); (D.D.-M.); (F.P.); (R.A.); (B.C.); (D.P.); (A.C.); (S.R.); (A.A.); (A.B.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-20904666 or +39-337735770; Fax: +39-0620904668
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6
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Xu Z, Teixeira MT. The many types of heterogeneity in replicative senescence. Yeast 2019; 36:637-648. [PMID: 31306505 PMCID: PMC6900063 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Replicative senescence, which is induced by telomere shortening, underlies the loss of regeneration capacity of organs and is ultimately detrimental to the organism. At the same time, it is required to protect organisms from unlimited cell proliferation that may arise from numerous stimuli or deregulations. One important feature of replicative senescence is its high level of heterogeneity and asynchrony, which promote genome instability and senescence escape. Characterizing this heterogeneity and investigating its sources are thus critical to understanding the robustness of replicative senescence. Here we review the different aspects of senescence driven by telomere attrition that are subject to variation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the current understanding of the molecular processes at play, and the consequences of heterogeneity in replicative senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xu
- CNRS, UMR7238, Institut de Biologie Paris‐Seine, Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative BiologySorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Maria Teresa Teixeira
- CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico‐Chimique, Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology of EukaryotesSorbonne Université, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
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7
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Forshaw TE, Holmila R, Nelson KJ, Lewis JE, Kemp ML, Tsang AW, Poole LB, Lowther WT, Furdui CM. Peroxiredoxins in Cancer and Response to Radiation Therapies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8010011. [PMID: 30609657 PMCID: PMC6356878 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins have a long-established cellular function as regulators of redox metabolism by catalyzing the reduction of peroxides (e.g., H2O2, lipid peroxides) with high catalytic efficiency. This activity is also critical to the initiation and relay of both phosphorylation and redox signaling in a broad range of pathophysiological contexts. Under normal physiological conditions, peroxiredoxins protect normal cells from oxidative damage that could promote oncogenesis (e.g., environmental stressors). In cancer, higher expression level of peroxiredoxins has been associated with both tumor growth and resistance to radiation therapies. However, this relationship between the expression of peroxiredoxins and the response to radiation is not evident from an analysis of data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) or NCI60 panel of cancer cell lines. The focus of this review is to summarize the current experimental knowledge implicating this class of proteins in cancer, and to provide a perspective on the value of targeting peroxiredoxins in the management of cancer. Potential biases in the analysis of the TCGA data with respect to radiation resistance are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom E Forshaw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Reetta Holmila
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Kimberly J Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Joshua E Lewis
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Melissa L Kemp
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Allen W Tsang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Leslie B Poole
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - W Todd Lowther
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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8
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Detienne G, De Haes W, Mergan L, Edwards SL, Temmerman L, Van Bael S. Beyond ROS clearance: Peroxiredoxins in stress signaling and aging. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 44:33-48. [PMID: 29580920 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants were long predicted to have lifespan-promoting effects, but in general this prediction has not been well supported. While some antioxidants do seem to have a clear effect on longevity, this may not be primarily as a result of their role in the removal of reactive oxygen species, but rather mediated by other mechanisms such as the modulation of intracellular signaling. In this review we discuss peroxiredoxins, a class of proteinaceous antioxidants with redox signaling and chaperone functions, and their involvement in regulating longevity and stress resistance. Peroxiredoxins have a clear role in the regulation of lifespan and survival of many model organisms, including the mouse, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. Recent research on peroxiredoxins - in these models and beyond - has revealed surprising new insights regarding the interplay between peroxiredoxins and longevity signaling, which will be discussed here in detail. As redox signaling is emerging as a potentially important player in the regulation of longevity and aging, increased knowledge of these fascinating antioxidants and their mode(s) of action is paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giel Detienne
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wouter De Haes
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lucas Mergan
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Samantha L Edwards
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Liesbet Temmerman
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sven Van Bael
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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9
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Ahmed W, Lingner J. PRDX1 and MTH1 cooperate to prevent ROS-mediated inhibition of telomerase. Genes Dev 2018; 32:658-669. [PMID: 29773556 PMCID: PMC6004070 DOI: 10.1101/gad.313460.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Ahmed et al. demonstrate that oxidative damage of telomeres inhibits telomerase activity at chromosome ends in cancer cells. Deletion of two antioxidant enzymes—PRDX1 and MTH1, needed for protecting telomeres from oxidative damage—results in loss of telomeric DNA in an oxygen concentration-dependent manner due to inhibition of telomerase, thus providing new insights into the role of antioxidant systems that are required to protect telomeres from oxidation. Telomerase counteracts telomere shortening and cellular senescence in germ, stem, and cancer cells by adding repetitive DNA sequences to the ends of chromosomes. Telomeres are susceptible to damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS), but the consequences of oxidation of telomeres on telomere length and the mechanisms that protect from ROS-mediated telomere damage are not well understood. In particular, 8-oxoguanine nucleotides at 3′ ends of telomeric substrates inhibit telomerase in vitro, whereas, at internal positions, they suppress G-quadruplex formation and were therefore proposed to promote telomerase activity. Here, we disrupt the peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphatase (MTH1) genes in cancer cells and demonstrate that PRDX1 and MTH1 cooperate to prevent accumulation of oxidized guanine in the genome. Concomitant disruption of PRDX1 and MTH1 leads to ROS concentration-dependent continuous shortening of telomeres, which is due to efficient inhibition of telomere extension by telomerase. Our results identify antioxidant systems that are required to protect telomeres from oxidation and are necessary to allow telomere maintenance by telomerase conferring immortality to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wareed Ahmed
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Lingner
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated externally and during aerobic metabolism, are a potent cause of cell damage. Oxidative damage is a feature of many diseases and ageing, including age-associated diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, this association helped lead to the widely expounded 'Free Radical Theory of Aging', proposing that the accumulation of ROS-induced damage is the underlying cause of ageing. In the last decade, it has become apparent that ROS play more complex roles in ageing than simply causing damage. This includes the induction of signalling pathways that protect against/repair cell damage. Cells encode a variety of enzymes that metabolise ROS, some of which reduce them to less reactive species. In this chapter, we review the evidence that manipulating the levels of these enzymes has any effect/s on ageing. We will also highlight a few examples illustrating why it is an over-simplification to describe the activities of some of these enzymes as 'antioxidants'. We discuss how these studies have helped refine our view of how ROS and ROS-metabolising enzymes contribute to the ageing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Veal
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Tyne, UK.
| | - Thomas Jackson
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Tyne, UK
| | - Heather Latimer
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Tyne, UK
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The origin of oxidized guanine resolves the puzzle of oxidation-induced telomere-length alterations. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2017; 23:1070-1071. [PMID: 27922610 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Zubko EI, Shackleton JL, Zubko MK. ATLAS: An advanced PCR-method for routine visualization of telomere length in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:1285-1294. [PMID: 27645931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Measuring telomere length is essential in telomere biology. Southern blot hybridization is the predominant method for measuring telomere length in the genetic model Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have further developed and refined a telomere PCR approach, which was rarely used previously (mainly in specific telomeric projects), into a robust method allowing direct visualisation of telomere length differences in routine experiments with S. cerevisiae, and showing a strong correlation of results with data obtained by Southern blot hybridization. In this expanded method denoted as ATLAS (A-dvanced T-elomere L-ength A-nalysis in S. cerevisiae), we have introduced: 1) set of new primers annealing with high specificity to telomeric regions on five different chromosomes; 2) new approach for designing reverse telomere primers that is based on the ligation of an adaptor of a fixed size to telomeric ends. ATLAS can be used at the scale of individual assays and high-throughput approaches. This simple, time/cost-effective and reproducible methodology will complement Southern blot hybridization and facilitate further progress in telomere research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena I Zubko
- School of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester St., Manchester, M1 5GD, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer L Shackleton
- School of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester St., Manchester, M1 5GD, United Kingdom
| | - Mikhajlo K Zubko
- School of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester St., Manchester, M1 5GD, United Kingdom.
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Oláhová M, Veal EA. A peroxiredoxin, PRDX-2, is required for insulin secretion and insulin/IIS-dependent regulation of stress resistance and longevity. Aging Cell 2015; 14:558-68. [PMID: 25808059 PMCID: PMC4531070 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prx) are abundant thiol peroxidases with a conserved anti-ageing role. In contrast to most animals, the nematode worm, Caenorhabditis elegans, encodes a single cytosolic 2-Cys Prx, PRDX-2, rendering it an excellent model for examining how peroxiredoxins affect animal physiology and ageing. Our previous work revealed that, although PRDX-2 protects against the toxicity of peroxides, enigmatically, prdx-2-mutant animals are hyper-resistant to other forms of oxidative stress. Here, we have investigated the basis for this increased resistance. Mammalian FOXO and Nrf2 transcription factors directly promote the expression of a range of detoxification enzymes. We show that the FOXO orthologue, DAF-16, and the Nrf2 orthologue, SKN-1, are required for the increased stress resistance of prdx-2-mutant worms. Our data suggest that PRDX-2 is required for normal levels of insulin secretion and hence the inhibition of DAF-16 and SKN-1 by insulin/IGF-1-like signalling (IIS) under nutrient-rich conditions. Intriguingly, loss of PRDX-2 increases DAF-16 and SKN-1 activities sufficiently to increase arsenite resistance without initiating other IIS-inhibited processes. Together, these data suggest that loss of peroxiredoxin function may increase stress resistance by reducing insulin secretion, but that further changes in insulin signalling are required for the reprogramming of development and fat metabolism. In addition, we reveal that the temperature-dependent prolongevity function of PRDX-2 is required for the extended lifespan associated with several pathways, including further reductions in IIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Oláhová
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences Newcastle University Framlington Place Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH UK
| | - Elizabeth A. Veal
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences Newcastle University Framlington Place Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH UK
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Current methods in quantifying ROS and oxidative damage in Caenorhabditis elegans and other model organism of aging. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:918-30. [PMID: 24080227 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of oxidative damage has been proposed to be causal to aging as defined by the Free radical Theory of Aging, which has been subject to recent debate. However, a major hurdle in understanding the biological roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling and their oxidative damage has been the widely recognized methodological difficulties to measure oxidative damage and ROS in vivo. In this review we describe the various novel approaches that have recently been developed to overcome this challenge in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, which is a paradigm invertebrate model organism for studying aging and age-related disease given its short lifespan, easy genetics and transparency. In addition, we also discuss these methods in other important model organisms of aging, including the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster and the mouse Mus musculus. After an introduction on the various ROS that can be encountered, we discuss approaches for the detection and quantification of ROS and ROS damage of DNA, lipids and proteins, highlighting examples from literature to demonstrate the applicability and caveats of each method. As will become clear, combinations of approaches have now become possible and will prove essential for thoroughly understanding the involvement of ROS and ROS damage in the biology of aging and disease.
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