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Zhang L, Zeng C, Huang J, Yan H, Jiang Y, Li R. Exploration of the miR-187-3p/CNR2 pathway in modulating osteoblast differentiation and treating postmenopausal osteoporosis through mechanical stress. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23776. [PMID: 38958998 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400113rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore how mechanical stress affects osteogenic differentiation via the miR-187-3p/CNR2 pathway. To conduct this study, 24 female C57BL/6 mice, aged 8 weeks, were used and divided into four groups. The Sham and OVX groups did not undergo treadmill exercise, while the Sham + EX and OVX + EX groups received a 8-week treadmill exercise. Post-training, bone marrow and fresh femur samples were collected for further analysis. Molecular biology analysis, histomorphology analysis, and micro-CT analysis were conducted on these samples. Moreover, primary osteoblasts were cultured under osteogenic conditions and divided into GM group and CTS group. The cells in the CTS group underwent a sinusoidal stretching regimen for either 3 or 7 days. The expression of early osteoblast markers (Runx2, OPN, and ALP) was measured to assess differentiation. The study findings revealed that mechanical stress has a regulatory impact on osteoblast differentiation. The expression of miR-187-3p was observed to decrease, facilitating osteogenic differentiation, while the expression of CNR2 increased significantly. These observations suggest that mechanical stress, miR-187-3p, and CNR2 play crucial roles in regulating osteogenic differentiation. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments have confirmed that mechanical stress downregulates miR-187-3p and upregulates CNR2, which leads to the restoration of distal femoral bone mass and enhancement of osteoblast differentiation. Therefore, mechanical stress promotes osteoblasts, resulting in improved osteoporosis through the miR-187-3p/CNR2 signaling pathway. These findings have broad prospect and provide molecular biology guidance for the basic research and clinical application of exercise in the prevention and treatment of PMOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Academy of Orthopedics·Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Canjun Zeng
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Academy of Orthopedics·Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juanyu Huang
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Academy of Orthopedics·Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haohang Yan
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Academy of Orthopedics·Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yutao Jiang
- Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Academy of Orthopedics·Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Neuropathic Pain Mechanism at Spinal Cord Level, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runguang Li
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Orthopaedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Academy of Orthopedics·Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China
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Nielsen SSR, Pedersen JAZ, Sharma N, Wasehuus PK, Hansen MS, Møller AMJ, Borggaard XG, Rauch A, Frost M, Sondergaard TE, Søe K. Human osteoclasts in vitro are dose dependently both inhibited and stimulated by cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Bone 2024; 181:117035. [PMID: 38342278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Legalized use of cannabis for medical or recreational use is becoming more and more common. With respect to potential side-effects on bone health only few clinical trials have been conducted - and with opposing results. Therefore, it seems that there is a need for more knowledge on the potential effects of cannabinoids on human bone cells. We studied the effect of cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (dose range from 0.3 to 30 μM) on human osteoclasts in mono- as well as in co-cultures with human osteoblast lineage cells. We have used CD14+ monocytes from anonymous blood donors to differentiate into osteoclasts, and human osteoblast lineage cells from outgrowths of human trabecular bone. Our results show that THC and CBD have dose-dependent effects on both human osteoclast fusion and bone resorption. In the lower dose ranges of THC and CBD, osteoclast fusion was unaffected while bone resorption was increased. At higher doses, both osteoclast fusion and bone resorption were inhibited. In co-cultures, both osteoclastic bone resorption and alkaline phosphatase activity of the osteoblast lineage cells were inhibited. Finally, we observed that the cannabinoid receptor CNR2 is more highly expressed than CNR1 in CD14+ monocytes and pre-osteoclasts, but also that differentiation to osteoclasts was coupled to a reduced expression of CNR2, in particular. Interestingly, under co-culture conditions, we only detected the expression of CNR2 but not CNR1 for both osteoclast as well as osteoblast lineage nuclei. In line with the existing literature on the effect of cannabinoids on bone cells, our current study shows both stimulatory and inhibitory effects. This highlights that potential unfavorable effects of cannabinoids on bone cells and bone health is a complex matter. The contradictory and lacking documentation for such potential unfavorable effects on bone health as well as other potential effects, should be taken into consideration when considering the use of cannabinoids for both medical and recreational use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone S R Nielsen
- Clinical Cell Biology, Pathology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 15, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Juliana A Z Pedersen
- Clinical Cell Biology, Pathology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 15, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Neha Sharma
- Clinical Cell Biology, Pathology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 15, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Pernille K Wasehuus
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Morten S Hansen
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Anaïs M J Møller
- Clinical Cell Biology, Pathology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kabbeltoft 25, 7100 Vejle, Denmark.
| | - Xenia G Borggaard
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 15, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Molecular Bone Histology, Pathology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Alexander Rauch
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Centre Odense, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 10, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Morten Frost
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Centre Odense, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 10, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Teis E Sondergaard
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Kent Søe
- Clinical Cell Biology, Pathology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 15, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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3
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Zeng F, Wade A, Harbert K, Patel S, Holley JS, Dehghanpuor CK, Hopwood T, Marino S, Sophocleous A, Idris AI. Classical cannabinoid receptors as target in cancer-induced bone pain: a systematic review, meta-analysis and bioinformatics validation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5782. [PMID: 38461339 PMCID: PMC10924854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that genetic and pharmacological modulation of the classical cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2) receptors attenuate cancer-induced bone pain, we searched Medline, Web of Science and Scopus for relevant skeletal and non-skeletal cancer studies from inception to July 28, 2022. We identified 29 animal and 35 human studies. In mice, a meta-analysis of pooled studies showed that treatment of osteolysis-bearing males with the endocannabinoids AEA and 2-AG (mean difference [MD] - 24.83, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] - 34.89, - 14.76, p < 0.00001) or the synthetic cannabinoid (CB) agonists ACPA, WIN55,212-2, CP55,940 (CB1/2-non-selective) and AM1241 (CB2-selective) (MD - 28.73, 95%CI - 45.43, - 12.02, p = 0.0008) are associated with significant reduction in paw withdrawal frequency. Consistently, the synthetic agonists AM1241 and JWH015 (CB2-selective) increased paw withdrawal threshold (MD 0.89, 95%CI 0.79, 0.99, p < 0.00001), and ACEA (CB1-selective), AM1241 and JWH015 (CB2-selective) reduced spontaneous flinches (MD - 4.85, 95%CI - 6.74, - 2.96, p < 0. 00001) in osteolysis-bearing male mice. In rats, significant increase in paw withdrawal threshold is associated with the administration of ACEA and WIN55,212-2 (CB1/2-non-selective), JWH015 and AM1241 (CB2-selective) in osteolysis-bearing females (MD 8.18, 95%CI 6.14, 10.21, p < 0.00001), and treatment with AM1241 (CB2-selective) increased paw withdrawal thermal latency in males (mean difference [MD]: 3.94, 95%CI 2.13, 5.75, p < 0.0001), confirming the analgesic capabilities of CB1/2 ligands in rodents. In human, treatment of cancer patients with medical cannabis (standardized MD - 0.19, 95%CI - 0.35, - 0.02, p = 0.03) and the plant-derived delta-9-THC (20 mg) (MD 3.29, CI 2.24, 4.33, p < 0.00001) or its synthetic derivative NIB (4 mg) (MD 2.55, 95%CI 1.58, 3.51, p < 0.00001) are associated with reduction in pain intensity. Bioinformatics validation of KEGG, GO and MPO pathway, function and process enrichment analysis of mouse, rat and human data revealed that CB1 and CB2 receptors are enriched in a cocktail of nociceptive and sensory perception, inflammatory, immune-modulatory, and cancer pathways. Thus, we cautiously conclude that pharmacological modulators of CB1/2 receptors show promise in the treatment of cancer-induced bone pain, however further assessment of their effects on bone pain in genetically engineered animal models and cancer patients is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feier Zeng
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Abbie Wade
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Kade Harbert
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Shrina Patel
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Joshua S Holley
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Cornelia K Dehghanpuor
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Thomas Hopwood
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Silvia Marino
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), BioMed II, 238-2, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Antonia Sophocleous
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenes Street, 1516, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Aymen I Idris
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
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Mu KL, Li L, Chen Y, Zhang MJ, He TL, Li KM, Liu YC, Liu G. Analysis of Chemical Constituents of Miao Ethnomedicine Heiguteng Zhuifeng Huoluo Capsule (HZFC) and the Discovery of Active Substances in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:10860-10874. [PMID: 38463300 PMCID: PMC10918809 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the chemical substances of Heiguteng Zhuifeng Huoluo Capsule (HZFC) and its potential active ingredients for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were characterized and analyzed by medicinal chemistry combined with bioinformatics methods. Also, the potential active ingredients of HZFC against RA were verified by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage activation model. The results showed that 79 chemical constituents were successfully identified, mainly including phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Among them, 13 active components were closely related to the nine core targets (FASN, ALOX5, EGFR, MMP1, CYP2D6, CNR1, AR, MAOA, and FKBP5) of HZFC in the treatment of RA. Molecular docking further proved that 13 active components had strong docking activity with 9 core targets. In the verification experiment of the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage model, the verified components (magnoflorine, N-feruloyltyramine, canadine, rutin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and pseudocolumbamine) all showed a clear inhibitory effect on the secretion of inflammatory factors in model cells. The above research results suggest that 13 components such as stepharanine, rutin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, corydine methyl ether, canadine, 8-oxoepiberberine, disinomenine, deosinomenine glucoside, tuduranine, magnoflorine, isosinomenine, pseudocolumbamine, and N-feruloyltyramine may be the main active substances of HZFC in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-lang Mu
- Guizhou University
of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Lei Li
- Guizhou University
of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Guizhou University
of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Min-jie Zhang
- Guizhou University
of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Tian-lin He
- Guizhou University
of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Kai-min Li
- Guizhou University
of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu-chen Liu
- Guizhou University
of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Guizhou University
of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
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Magno LAV, Tameirão DR, Alves LF, Guimarães NS. Effect of recreational cannabis use on bone mineral density: a systematic review. Osteoporos Int 2024; 35:391-399. [PMID: 38141142 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The recreational use of cannabis products has risen considerably worldwide over the past decade. As the cannabis legal market grows, a critical challenge has been to make substantiated claims about the benefits and adverse health problems triggered by cannabis exposure. Despite accumulating evidence from animal studies demonstrating the role of cannabinoids on bone metabolism, there are conflicting results in clinical literature regarding their effects on bone health outcomes.We undertook a systematic review to assess the evidence for the safety of cannabis use on bone health. We searched the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to March 2023 for studies evaluating the effect of the recreational use of cannabis on the bone mineral density (BMD) of adults.Among the 2620 studies reviewed, three cross-sectional studies and one randomized controlled trial comprised 4032 participants from 18 to 60 years who met the inclusion criteria. Two studies showed that cannabis exposure decreased BMD, while the other 2 indicated no alteration. Despite the different study designs, the included studies showed a low risk of bias according to the Joanna Briggs Institute tool.Eligible studies present differences in cannabis products, administration routes, and exposure determination. Further longitudinal research is needed to establish multiple clinical predictors associated with potentially negative consequences of cannabis exposure, especially in vulnerable populations such as elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Alexandre Viana Magno
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais (FCMMG), Alameda Ezequiel Dias, 275, Belo Horizonte, 30130-110, Brazil
| | - Diego Ribeiro Tameirão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais (FCMMG), Alameda Ezequiel Dias, 275, Belo Horizonte, 30130-110, Brazil
- Observatório de Pesquisas E Extensão Em Nutrição E Saúde (OPeNS), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas Ferreira Alves
- Curso de Medicina, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais (FCMMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Sernizon Guimarães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais (FCMMG), Alameda Ezequiel Dias, 275, Belo Horizonte, 30130-110, Brazil.
- Observatório de Pesquisas E Extensão Em Nutrição E Saúde (OPeNS), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Hou L, Zhang H, Li Y, Zhu H, Liao K, Guo B, Dong C, Li G, Ye W, Wang L, Xu H. Correlation analysis of positron emission tomography/computed tomography-magnetic resonance imaging of cannabinoid type 1 receptor in the lumbar spine and brain of aged osteoporosis female cynomolgus monkeys. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:7924-7935. [PMID: 38106237 PMCID: PMC10722013 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Although cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) antagonists can inhibit bone loss in osteoporosis mouse models, different strains of mice show different bone mass phenotypes after knock out the CB1R gene. The relationship between CB1R and bone metabolism is complex, and its regulatory role in bone metabolism and as a therapeutic target for osteoporosis requires further investigation. Methods Based on lumbar spine volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) data of healthy female cynomolgus monkeys aged 1-25 years, naturally aged postmenopausal female osteoporotic monkeys and normal young monkeys were screened by detecting lumbar vertebrae vBMD and estradiol levels in this study. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were performed on the lumbar spine and brain of the two groups of monkeys using the probe [11C]OMAR, which specifically targets CB1R, and the difference in the CB1R expression of osteoporotic monkeys was evaluated. Results The vBMD values of two standard deviations (SDs) below the peak bone value (428.1±53.8 g/cm3) were set as the reference standard for osteoporosis vBMD. Of the 49 healthy female cynomolgus monkeys, 4 postmenopausal older osteoporotic monkeys (18-26 years) and 5 young control monkeys (6-7 years) were selected, and the mean vBMD of the lumbar spine of the two groups was 295.07±19.11 and 419.72±16.14 g/cm3, respectively (P<0.0001). Radioactive uptake in the lumbar spine was linearly and negatively correlated with vBMD (r=-0.7977; P=0.01). Dynamic PET/MR imaging of the brains showed that CB1R was upregulated in the osteoporosis group, and there was a negative linear correlation between the vBMD and area under the time-radioactivity curve (AUC) of the thalamus (r=-0.8506; P=0.0153) and prefrontal cortex (r=-0.8306; P=0.0207). Conclusions In this study, PET/CT-MRI molecular imaging technology revealed that CB1R was upregulated in the lumbar spine and brain of the osteoporosis monkeys and that CB1R may be regulated by the brain-bone axis. CB1R antagonist may be a potential drug for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Hou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghao Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Liao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenchen Dong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guocong Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijian Ye
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Clouse G, Penman S, Hadjiargyrou M, Komatsu DE, Thanos PK. Examining the role of cannabinoids on osteoporosis: a review. Arch Osteoporos 2022; 17:146. [PMID: 36401719 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-022-01190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prior research studies have shown that the endocannabinoid system, influenced by CBD and THC, plays a role in bone remodeling. As both the research on cannabis and use of cannabis continue to grow, novel medicinal uses of both its constituents as well as the whole plant are being discovered. This review examines the role of cannabinoids on osteoporosis, more specifically, the endocannabinoid system and its role in bone remodeling and the involvement of the cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 in bone health, as well as the effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and synthetic cannabinoids on bone. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of online databases including PUBMED was utilized. RESULTS A total of 29 studies investigating the effects of cannabis and/or its constituents as well as the activation or inactivation of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 were included and discussed. CONCLUSION While many of the mechanisms are still not yet fully understood, both preclinical and clinical studies show that the effects of cannabis mediated through the endocannabinoid system may prove to be an effective treatment option for individuals with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Clouse
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory On Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute On Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Samantha Penman
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory On Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute On Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Michael Hadjiargyrou
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - David E Komatsu
- Department of Orthopedics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Panayotis K Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory On Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute On Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA. .,Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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Zou L, Jiang W, Wang Z, Zhu S, Chen J. Effect of Advanced Oxidation Protein Products (AOPPs) and aging on the osteoclast differentiation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) and its preliminary mechanism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 636:87-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The Therapeutic Potential of the Endocannabinoid System in Age-Related Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102492. [PMID: 36289755 PMCID: PMC9599275 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) dynamically regulates many aspects of mammalian physiology. ECS has gained substantial interest since growing evidence suggests that it also plays a major role in several pathophysiological conditions due to its ability to modulate various underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, cannabinoids, as components of the cannabinoid system (CS), have proven beneficial effects such as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuromodulatory, antioxidative, and cardioprotective effects. In this comprehensive review, we aimed to describe the complex interaction between CS and most common age-related diseases such as neuro-degenerative, oncological, skeletal, and cardiovascular disorders, together with the potential of various cannabinoids to ameliorate the progression of these disorders. Since chronic inflammation is postulated as the pillar of all the above-mentioned medical conditions, we also discuss in this paper the potential of CS to ameliorate aging-associated immune system dysregulation.
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Effect and Related Mechanism of Platelet-Rich Plasma on the Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1256002. [PMID: 35978628 PMCID: PMC9377928 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1256002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are ideal seed cells for the regeneration of alveolar bone defects. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which is rich in growth factors, promotes tissue repair. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether PRP promotes the osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs and to perform high-throughput sequencing to explore the possible mechanism. Methods hADSCs were divided into the three following groups: CON group, OM group, and PRP group. Osteogenesis was detected by Alizarin Red staining on day 14. Total RNA was extracted from the OM and PRP groups for high-throughput sequencing. The target genes of the differentially expressed osteogenic-related miRNAs were predicted, and combined miRNA/mRNA analysis was then performed. The mRNA and protein expression levels of hsa-miR-212-5p, type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CNR1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Runx2, osteocalcin (OCN), and collagen 1 A1 (COL1A1) in the OM and PRP groups were detected by qRT–PCR and Western blot analyses. The binding between hsa-miR-212-5p and CNR1 was detected by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results Both the OM and PRP groups exhibited enhanced proliferation of hADSCs, and the differences at 48 h and 72 h were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The PRP group had significantly more calcium nodules than the CON group (P < 0.05). Through high-throughput sequencing analysis, differential miRNA and mRNA expression profiles were obtained. During hADSC osteogenesis, the expression of hsa-miR-212-5p was downregulated, and the expression of CNR1 was upregulated. hsa-miR-212-5p was found to bind directly to the 3′ UTR of CNR1. Conclusions The present findings indicated that downregulation of hsa-miR-212-5p and upregulation of CNR1 may be involved in the process by which PRP promotes the osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs.
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11
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Dong W, Postlethwaite BC, Wheller PA, Brand D, Jiao Y, Li W, Myers LK, Gu W. Beta-caryophyllene prevents the defects in trabecular bone caused by Vitamin D deficiency through pathways instated by increased expression of klotho. Bone Joint Res 2022; 11:528-540. [PMID: 35920089 PMCID: PMC9396919 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.118.bjr-2021-0392.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims This study investigated the effects of β-caryophyllene (BCP) on protecting bone from vitamin D deficiency in mice fed on a diet either lacking (D-) or containing (D+) vitamin D. Methods A total of 40 female mice were assigned to four treatment groups (n = 10/group): D+ diet with propylene glycol control, D+ diet with BCP, D-deficient diet with control, and D-deficient diet with BCP. The D+ diet is a commercial basal diet, while the D-deficient diet contains 0.47% calcium, 0.3% phosphorus, and no vitamin D. All the mice were housed in conditions without ultraviolet light. Bone properties were evaluated by X-ray micro-CT. Serum levels of klotho were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Under these conditions, the D-deficient diet enhanced the length of femur and tibia bones (p < 0.050), and increased bone volume (BV; p < 0.010) and trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV; p < 0.010) compared to D+ diet. With a diet containing BCP, the mice exhibited higher BV and bone mineral density (BMD; p < 0.050) than control group. The trabecular and cortical bone were also affected by vitamin D and BCP. In addition, inclusion of dietary BCP improved the serum concentrations of klotho (p < 0.050). In mice, klotho regulates the expression level of cannabinoid type 2 receptor (Cnr2) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (Fgf23) through CD300a. In humans, data suggest that klotho is connected to BMD. The expression of klotho is also associated with bone markers. Conclusion These data indicate that BCP enhances the serum level of klotho, leading to improved bone properties and mineralization in an experimental mouse model. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2022;11(8):528–540.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Bradley C Postlethwaite
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Patricia A Wheller
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - David Brand
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yan Jiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Linda K Myers
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Weikuan Gu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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12
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Keller C, Yorgan TA, Rading S, Schinke T, Karsak M. Impact of the Endocannabinoid System on Bone Formation and Remodeling in p62 KO Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:858215. [PMID: 35392569 PMCID: PMC8980328 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.858215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that the G-protein coupled cannabinoid receptor CB2 and its interaction partner p62 are molecularly involved in bone remodeling processes. Pharmacological activation of the CB2 receptor enhanced bone volume in postmenopausal osteoporosis and arthritis models in rodents, whereas knockout or mutation of the p62 protein in aged mice led to Paget’s disease of bone-like conditions. Studies of pharmacological CB2 agonist effects on bone metabolism in p62 KO mice have not been performed to date. Here, we assessed the effect of the CB2-specific agonist JWH133 after a short-term (5 days in 3-month-old mice) or long-term (4 weeks in 6-month-old mice) treatment on structural, dynamic, and cellular bone morphometry obtained by μCT of the femur and histomorphometry of the vertebral bodies in p62 KO mice and their WT littermates in vivo. A genotype-independent stimulatory effect of CB2 on bone formation, trabecular number, and trabecular thickness after short-term treatment and on tissue mineral density after long-term treatment was detected, indicating a weak osteoanabolic function of this CB2 agonist. Moreover, after short-term systemic CB2 receptor activation, we found significant differences at the cellular level in the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts only in p62 KO mice, together with a weak increase in trabecular number and a decrease in trabecular separation. Long-term treatment showed an opposite JWH133 effect on osteoclasts in WT versus p62 KO animals and decreased cortical thickness only in treated p62 KO mice. Our results provide new insights into CB2 receptor signaling in vivo and suggest that CB2 agonist activity may be regulated by the presence of its macromolecular binding partner p62.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Keller
- Neuronal and Cellular Signal Transduction, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timur Alexander Yorgan
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rading
- Neuronal and Cellular Signal Transduction, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Meliha Karsak
- Neuronal and Cellular Signal Transduction, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Xin Y, Tang A, Pan S, Zhang J. Components of the Endocannabinoid System and Effects of Cannabinoids Against Bone Diseases: A Mini-Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:793750. [PMID: 35126132 PMCID: PMC8815309 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.793750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is involved in multiple physiological processes, including appetite regulation, pain perception, motor function development, and immune response regulation. Cannabinoids have been approved for the clinical treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytostatic therapy or cancer chemotherapy, loss of appetite in HIV/AIDS-associated cachexia, refractory spasms induced by multiple sclerosis, chronic pain, and urinary incontinence. Methods: Check out the research on ECS and bone diseases in the past 20 years. Results: Many studies have demonstrated that endocannabinoids (eCBs) and cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) are expressed in bone and synovial tissues, playing important roles in bone metabolism. Preclinical studies using cannabis-based therapies in animal models have shown that cannabinoids (CBs) can alleviate the development of osteoarthritis (OA), prevent osteoporosis (OP), reduce cancer-induced osteolytic destruction, and improve fracture healing, highlighting the therapeutic potential of CBs for human bone diseases. Conclusions: The present review summarizes various components of the ECS in bone diseases and their potential as a therapeutic target.
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14
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Sun Y, Li J, Xie X, Gu F, Sui Z, Zhang K, Yu T. Recent Advances in Osteoclast Biological Behavior. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:788680. [PMID: 34957116 PMCID: PMC8694526 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.788680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the progress of the aging population, bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis have become urgent problems. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of osteoclasts in bone homeostasis, implying these will be an important mediator in the treatment of bone-related diseases. Up to now, several reviews have been performed on part of osteoclast biological behaviors such as differentiation, function, or apoptosis. However, few reviews have shown the complete osteoclast biology and research advances in recent years. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the origin, differentiation, apoptosis, behavior changes and coupling signals with osteoblasts, providing a simple but comprehensive overview of osteoclasts for subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiangbi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoping Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenjiang Sui
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tiecheng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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15
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The Role of Cannabinoids in Bone Metabolism: A New Perspective for Bone Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212374. [PMID: 34830256 PMCID: PMC8621131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel interest has arisen in recent years regarding bone, which is a very complex and dynamic tissue deputed to several functions ranging from mechanical and protective support to hematopoiesis and calcium homeostasis maintenance. In order to address these tasks, a very refined, continuous remodeling process needs to occur involving the coordinated action of different types of bone cells: osteoblasts (OBs), which have the capacity to produce newly formed bone, and osteoclasts (OCs), which can remove old bone. Bone remodeling is a highly regulated process that requires many hormones and messenger molecules, both at the systemic and the local level. The whole picture is still not fully understood, and the role of novel actors, such as the components of the endocannabinoids system (ECS), including endogenous cannabinoid ligands (ECs), cannabinoid receptors (CBRs), and the enzymes responsible for endogenous ligand synthesis and breakdown, is extremely intriguing. This article reviews the connection between the ECS and skeletal health, supporting the potential use of cannabinoid receptor ligands for the treatment of bone diseases associated with accelerated osteoclastic bone resorption, including osteoporosis and bone metastasis.
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16
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Lo HF, Hong M, Szutorisz H, Hurd YL, Krauss RS. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol inhibits Hedgehog-dependent patterning during development. Development 2021; 148:272342. [PMID: 34610637 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many developmental disorders are thought to arise from an interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors. The Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway regulates myriad developmental processes, and pathway inhibition is associated with birth defects, including holoprosencephaly (HPE). Cannabinoids are HH pathway inhibitors, but little is known of their effects on HH-dependent processes in mammalian embryos, and their mechanism of action is unclear. We report that the psychoactive cannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) induces two hallmark HH loss-of-function phenotypes (HPE and ventral neural tube patterning defects) in Cdon mutant mice, which have a subthreshold deficit in HH signaling. THC therefore acts as a 'conditional teratogen', dependent on a complementary but insufficient genetic insult. In vitro findings indicate that THC is a direct inhibitor of the essential HH signal transducer smoothened. The canonical THC receptor, cannabinoid receptor-type 1, is not required for THC to inhibit HH signaling. Cannabis consumption during pregnancy may contribute to a combination of risk factors underlying specific developmental disorders. These findings therefore have significant public health relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Fan Lo
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mingi Hong
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Henrietta Szutorisz
- Addiction Institute and Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yasmin L Hurd
- Addiction Institute and Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert S Krauss
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, New York, NY 10029, USA
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17
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Modulation of Endocannabinoid Tone in Osteoblastic Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 Cells and in Mouse Bone Tissue over Time. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051199. [PMID: 34068882 PMCID: PMC8157192 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a highly complex and metabolically active tissue undergoing a continuous remodeling process, which endures throughout life. A complex cell-signaling system that plays role in regulating different physiological processes, including bone remodeling, is the endocannabinoid system (ECS). Bone mass expresses CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors and enzymatic machinery responsible for the metabolism of their endogenous ligands, endocannabinoids (AEA and 2-AG). Exogenous AEA is reported to increase the early phase of human osteoblast differentiation in vitro. However, regarding this cell context little is known about how endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related N-acylethanolamines like PEA and OEA are modulated, in vitro, during cell differentiation and, in vivo, over time up to adulthood. Here we characterized the endocannabinoid tone during the different phases of the osteoblast differentiation process in MC3T3-E1 cells, and we measured endocannabinoid levels in mouse femurs at life cycle stages characterized by highly active bone growth (i.e., of juvenile, young adult, and mature adult bone). Endocannabinoid tone was significantly altered during osteoblast differentiation, with substantial OEA increment, decline in 2-AG and AEA, and consistent modulation of their metabolic enzymes in maturing and mineralized MC3T3-E1 cells. Similarly, in femurs, we found substantial, age-related, decline in 2-AG, OEA, and PEA. These findings can expand existing knowledge underlying physiological bone cell function and contribute to therapeutic strategies for preventing bone-related metabolic changes accruing through lifespan.
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18
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Hao R, Wang B, Wang H, Huo Y, Lu Y. lncRNA TUG1 promotes proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts by regulating the miR-545-3p/CNR2 axis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e9798. [PMID: 33053117 PMCID: PMC7552904 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblast differentiation is an effective way to promote bone formation. Long non-coding RNA taurine upregulated 1 (TUG1) has been identified as a crucial modulator of multiple biological processes. This study was designed to investigate the function of TUG1 in the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast precursor cells hFOB1.19. In this study, we found that TUG1 promoted hFOB1.19 cell proliferation, while TUG1 knockdown hindered cell proliferation. TUG1 and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CNR2) were upregulated, while miR-545-3p was down-regulated in hFOB1.19 cells undergoing osteoblastic differentiation. TUG1 induced osteoblast differentiation by increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the expression of osteoblastic differentiation markers. TUG1 was a sponge of miR-545-3p and regulated osteoblastic differentiation by modulating miR-545-3p. Moreover, miR-545-3p directly targeted CNR2 and restored the effect of CNR2 on osteoblastic differentiation. In conclusion, TUG1 accelerated the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts by sponging miR-545-3p and increasing CNR2 expression, which might provide a new biomarker for bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizheng Hao
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tangshan, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tangshan, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tangshan, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Yongxin Huo
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tangshan, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
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19
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Here, we overview the latest findings from studies investigating the skeletal endocannabinoid (EC) system and its involvement in bone formation and resorption. RECENT FINDINGS The endocannabinoid system consists of endogenous ligands, receptors, and enzymes. The main cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant are Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 are expressed in bone and regulate bone homeostasis in rodents and humans. CBD treatment was shown to enhance fracture healing in rats. Recent studies in mice indicate that strain, age, and sex differences dictate the skeletal outcome of the EC activation. CBD treatment was shown to enhance bone healing, but needs validation in clinical trials. While research shows that EC activity protects against bone loss, studies on CB1 and CB2 agonists in bone regeneration models are lacking. Whether modulating the EC system would affect bone repair remains therefore an open question worth investigating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitya Raphael-Mizrahi
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
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20
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Nan JH, Yin LL, Tang ZS, Xiang T, Ma GJ, Li XY, Liu XL, Zhao SH, Liu XD. Identification of novel variants and candidate genes associated with porcine bone mineral density using genome-wide association study. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5736012. [PMID: 32055823 PMCID: PMC7166125 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pig leg weakness not only causes huge economic losses for producers but also affects animal welfare. However, genes with large effects on pig leg weakness have not been identified and suitable methods to study porcine leg weakness are urgently needed. Bone mineral density (BMD) is an important indicator for determining leg soundness in pigs. Increasing pig BMD is likely to improve pig leg soundness. In this study, porcine BMD was measured using an ultrasound bone densitometer in a population with 212 Danish Landrace pigs and 537 Danish Yorkshires. After genotyping all the individuals using GeneSeek Porcine 50K SNP chip, genetic parameter estimation was performed to evaluate the heritability of BMD. Genome-wide association study and haplotype analysis were also performed to identify the variants and candidate genes associated with porcine BMD. The results showed that the heritability of BMD was 0.21 in Landrace and 0.31 in Yorkshire. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms on chromosome 6 identified were associated with porcine BMD at suggestive significance level. Two candidate quantitative trait loci (74.47 to 75.33 Mb; 80.20 to 83.83 Mb) and three potential candidate genes (ZBTB40, CNR2, and Lin28a) of porcine BMD were detected in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuhong-H Nan
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Lilin-L Yin
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zhenshuang-S Tang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xiang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Guanjun-J Ma
- Key Lab of Swine Healthy Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangxi Yangxiang Co., Ltd., Guigang, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xinyun-Y Li
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei-L Liu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Shuhong-H Zhao
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong-D Liu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Key Lab of Swine Healthy Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangxi Yangxiang Co., Ltd., Guigang, Guangxi, P.R. China
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21
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Xu A, Yang Y, Shao Y, Wu M, Sun Y. Activation of cannabinoid receptor type 2-induced osteogenic differentiation involves autophagy induction and p62-mediated Nrf2 deactivation. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:9. [PMID: 31941496 PMCID: PMC6964093 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-0512-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dysfunction in survival and differentiation of osteoblasts commonly occurs in patients with osteoporosis. Cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CNR2) is a major receptor of endocannabinoid system that is crucial for bone mass homeostasis. Our group prior demonstrated that activation of CNR2 signaling promoted osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Autophagy is reported to participate in osteoblastic differentiation. Whether autophagy is regulated by CNR2-mediated cannabinoid signaling is unknown, and how the autophagy-CNR2 interaction affects osteoblastic differentiation requires further elucidation. Methods hFOB 1.19 osteoblasts were treated with CNR2 agonists HU308 (5, 10, 25, 50 or 100 nM) and JWH133 (1, 2, 5, 10 or 20 μM) in presence or absence of autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine (3-MA). The differentiation of hFOB 1.19 cells was determined via evaluating their alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization ability (Alizarin red staining). Alterations in autophagy-related molecules and osteogenic markers were analyzed via real-time PCR and/or immunoblotting assays. Results hFOB 1.19 cells spontaneously differentiated towards mature osteoblasts under 39 °C, during which CNR2 expression increased, and autophagy was activated. The strongest autophagy flux was observed at 192 h post differentiation─LC3I to LC3II conversion was enhanced and Beclin 1 expression was upregulated considerably, while p62 expression was downregulated. Treatment of HU308 and JWH133 promoted autophagy in a dose-dependent manner, and suppressed mTOR signaling pathway in hFOB 1.19 cells. In CNR2-silenced cells, HU308’s and JWH133’s effects on autophagy were weakened. HU308 and JWH133 enhanced the ALP activity and mineralization, and upregulated the expression of osteogenic markers, osteopontin and osteocalcin, in hFOB 1.19 cells. Intriguingly, such pro-osteogenic effects induced by CNR2 activation were markedly mitigated by 3-MA. In addition to provoking autophagy, CNR2 agonists also reduced nuclear Nrf2 accumulation and increased Keap1 expression. Further, re-expression of p62 inhibited CNR2 agonists-induced Nrf2 degradation. Conclusions Osteogenic differentiation induced by CNR2 signaling activation involves autophagy induction and p62-mediated Nrf2 deactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Shao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxin Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Dou ZJ, Gao XL, Jia YL, Chen J, Yang JJ, Chen Y, Wu SJ, Liu T, Wang MT, Yang C, Zhang N, Wang B. CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant protects against chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced bone metabolism disorder and destruction in rats. Sleep Breath 2020; 24:1441-1449. [PMID: 31898189 PMCID: PMC7679350 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-019-02009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective The endocannabinoid system (ECS) regulates bone turn-over and remodeling. Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) occurring during obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may lead to disorders of the ECS and bone metabolism abnormalities. This study aimed to investigate whether or not the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) antagonist rimonabant (Ri) alleviates bone metabolism abnormalities and bone destruction induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). Methods Healthy male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (n=48) were randomly divided into 6 groups of 8 rats: 2 normal control (NC) groups, 2 intermittent hypoxia (IH) groups, and 2 IH + Ri groups. Rats in NC groups breathed room air for 4 weeks (4w NC group) and 6 weeks (6w NC group). Rats in IH groups experienced IH environment for 4 weeks (4w IH group) and 6 weeks (6w IH group). In addition to the same IH exposure, rats in IH + Ri group were given daily intraperitoneal injection of Ri at the dosage of 1.5 mg/kg/d for 4 weeks (4w IH + Ri group) and 6 weeks (6w IH + Ri group). Levels of serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP, a marker of bone resorption) were determined by ELISA. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was performed on bone sections to observe the changes in bone microstructure. Expression of CB1R in bone tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results TRAP levels were higher in the 4w IH and 6w IH groups than in the 4w NC and 6w NC groups; TRAP levels were lower in the 4w IH + Ri and 6w IH + Ri groups than in the 4w IH and 6w IH groups. HE staining showed that the morphology of bone cells in the NC group was normal, but the 4w IH group had mild edema of bone cells, reduction in trabecular bone, and destruction of bone microstructure. Changes were more severe in the 6w IH group than 4w IH. The 4w IH + Ri group was slightly improved compared with the 4w IH group. The 6w IH + Ri group was improved compared with the 4w IH + Ri group. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of CB1R in IH group was significantly higher than that in NC group. The expression of CB1R in the IH + Ri group was lower than that in the IH group. With the prolongation of hypoxia, the expression of CB1R in bone cells of IH group increased. The expression level of CB1R in IH + Ri group decreased with the prolongation of intervention time. Correlation analysis showed that the expression rate of CB1R in bone cells was positively correlated with the level of TRAP in serum. Conclusion CIH increases serum TRAP levels and triggers metabolic bone disorder by activating bone CB1R. Intervention with CB1R antagonist (rimonabant) reduces the bone dysmetabolism in the CIH rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Jun Dou
- Department of the Second Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Li Jia
- Department of Respiratory, Linfen Centrol Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Yang
- Department of the Second Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Jie Wu
- Medical Records Statistics Office, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of the Second Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Ting Wang
- Department of the Second Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Yang
- Department of the Second Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of the Second Clinical Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Murillo-Rodríguez E, Budde H, Veras AB, Rocha NB, Telles-Correia D, Monteiro D, Cid L, Yamamoto T, Machado S, Torterolo P. The Endocannabinoid System May Modulate Sleep Disorders in Aging. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:97-108. [PMID: 31368874 PMCID: PMC7324886 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190801155922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable process that involves changes across life in multiple neurochemical, neuroanatomical, hormonal systems, and many others. In addition, these biological modifications lead to an increase in age-related sickness such as cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, neurodegenerative disorders, and sleep disturbances, among others that affect activities of daily life. Demographic projections have demonstrated that aging will increase its worldwide rate in the coming years. The research on chronic diseases of the elderly is important to gain insights into this growing global burden. Novel therapeutic approaches aimed for treatment of age-related pathologies have included the endocannabinoid system as an effective tool since this biological system shows beneficial effects in preclinical models. However, and despite these advances, little has been addressed in the arena of the endocannabinoid system as an option for treating sleep disorders in aging since experimental evidence suggests that some elements of the endocannabinoid system modulate the sleep-wake cycle. This article addresses this less-studied field, focusing on the likely perspective of the implication of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of sleep problems reported in the aged. We conclude that beneficial effects regarding the putative efficacy of the endocannabinoid system as therapeutic tools in aging is either inconclusive or still missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Murillo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Yucatán, México
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
| | - Henning Budde
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - André Barciela Veras
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
- Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nuno Barbosa Rocha
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Telles-Correia
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
- University of Lisbon, Faculty of Medicine, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior-Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Rio Maior, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development-CIDESD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luis Cid
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
- Sport Science School of Rio Maior-Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Rio Maior, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Health and Human Development-CIDESD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Sérgio Machado
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Pablo Torterolo
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Tomlinson RE, Christiansen BA, Giannone AA, Genetos DC. The Role of Nerves in Skeletal Development, Adaptation, and Aging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:646. [PMID: 33071963 PMCID: PMC7538664 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeleton is well-innervated, but only recently have the functions of this complex network in bone started to become known. Although our knowledge of skeletal sensory and sympathetic innervation is incomplete, including the specific locations and subtypes of nerves in bone, we are now able to reconcile early studies utilizing denervation models with recent work dissecting the molecular signaling between bone and nerve. In total, sensory innervation functions in bone much as it does elsewhere in the body-to sense and respond to stimuli, including mechanical loading. Similarly, sympathetic nerves regulate autonomic functions related to bone, including homeostatic remodeling and vascular tone. However, more study is required to translate our current knowledge of bone-nerve crosstalk to novel therapeutic strategies that can be effectively utilized to combat skeletal diseases, disorders of low bone mass, and age-related decreases in bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E. Tomlinson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Ryan E. Tomlinson
| | - Blaine A. Christiansen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Adrienne A. Giannone
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Damian C. Genetos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Bone Anabolic Response in the Calvaria Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury is Mediated by the Cannabinoid-1 Receptor. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16196. [PMID: 31700010 PMCID: PMC6838196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51720-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain trauma was clinically associated with increased osteogenesis in the appendicular skeleton. We showed previously in C57BL/6J mice that mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) transiently induced bone formation in the femur via the cannabinoid-1 (CB1) receptor. Here, we subjected ICR mice to mTBI and examined the bone response in the skull using microCT. We also measured mast cell degranulation (MCD)72 h post-injury. Finally, we measured brain and calvarial endocannabinoids levels post-mTBI. mTBI led to decreased bone porosity on the contralateral (untouched) side. This effect was apparent both in young and mature mice. Administration of rimonabant (CB1 inverse agonist) completely abrogated the effect of mTBI on calvarial porosity and significantly reduced MCD, compared with vehicle-treated controls. We also found that mTBI resulted in elevated levels of anandamide, but not 2-arachidonoylglycerol, in the contralateral calvarial bone, whereas brain levels remained unchanged. In C57BL/6J CB1 knockout mice, mTBI did not reduce porosity but in general the porosity was significantly lower than in WT controls. Our findings suggest that mTBI induces a strain-specific CB1-dependent bone anabolic response in the skull, probably mediated by anandamide, but seemingly unrelated to inflammation. The endocannabinoid system is therefore a plausible target in management of bone response following head trauma.
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Ehrenkranz J, Levine MA. Bones and Joints: The Effects of Cannabinoids on the Skeleton. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4683-4694. [PMID: 31393556 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The endocannabinoid system uses tissue-specific lipid ligands and G protein‒coupled transmembrane receptors to regulate neurologic, metabolic, and immune responses. Recent studies demonstrate that the endocannabinoid system influences bone metabolism. With the increasing use of endocannabinoid mimetics (e.g., tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol), the involvement of endocannabinoids in bone growth and remodeling has become clinically relevant. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION This literature review is based on a search of PubMed and Google Scholar databases as of June 2019 for all English-language publications relating to cannabinoids and bone. We evaluated retrieved articles for relevance, experimental design, data acquisition, statistical analysis, and conclusions. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Preclinical studies establish a role for endocannabinoids in bone metabolism. These studies yield complex and often contradictory results attributed to differences in the specific experimental model examined. Studies using human cells or subjects are limited. CONCLUSIONS In vitro and animal models document that endocannabinoids are involved in bone biology. The relevance of these observations to humans is not clear. The increasing long-term use of medical and recreational cannabis underscores the need to better understand the role of endocannabinoids in human bone metabolism. Moreover, it is important to evaluate the role of endocannabinoids as a therapeutic target to prevent and treat disorders associated with bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Ehrenkranz
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael A Levine
- Center for Bone Health and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Inhibiting effect of microRNA-187-3p on osteogenic differentiation of osteoblast precursor cells by suppressing cannabinoid receptor type 2. Differentiation 2019; 109:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Wang J, Lu HX, Wang J. Cannabinoid receptors in osteoporosis and osteoporotic pain: a narrative update of review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:1469-1474. [PMID: 31294469 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease with decreased bone mass and alteration in microarchitecture of bone tissue, and these changes put patients in risk of bone fracture. As a common symptom of osteoporosis and complication of osteoporotic fracture, chronic pain is a headache for clinicians. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), selective COX-2 inhibitors and opioid drugs can temporarily reduce osteoporotic pain but have relevant side effects, such as addiction, tolerability and safety. The review summarized the recent advancements in the study of CB receptors in osteoporosis and osteoporotic pain and related mechanisms. KEY FINDINGS Recent studies indicated the two nociceptive receptors, cannabinoid receptor (CB) and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channel, are co-expressed in bone cells and play important role in the metabolism of bone cells, suggesting that dualtargeting these 2 receptors/channel may provide a novel approach for osteoporotic pain. In addition, both CB receptor and TRPV1 channel are found to be expressed in the glial cells which play vital role in mediating inflammation, chronic pain and metabolism of bone cells, suggesting a role of glial cells inosteoporotic pain. SUMMARY Multiple-targeting against glial cells, CB receptors and TRPV1 channel may be one effective therapeutic strategy for osteoporotic pain in the future, following the elucidation of the complicated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Osteoporosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Xia Lu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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The role of GPCRs in bone diseases and dysfunctions. Bone Res 2019; 7:19. [PMID: 31646011 PMCID: PMC6804689 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) contains immense structural and functional diversity and mediates a myriad of biological processes upon activation by various extracellular signals. Critical roles of GPCRs have been established in bone development, remodeling, and disease. Multiple human GPCR mutations impair bone development or metabolism, resulting in osteopathologies. Here we summarize the disease phenotypes and dysfunctions caused by GPCR gene mutations in humans as well as by deletion in animals. To date, 92 receptors (5 glutamate family, 67 rhodopsin family, 5 adhesion, 4 frizzled/taste2 family, 5 secretin family, and 6 other 7TM receptors) have been associated with bone diseases and dysfunctions (36 in humans and 72 in animals). By analyzing data from these 92 GPCRs, we found that mutation or deletion of different individual GPCRs could induce similar bone diseases or dysfunctions, and the same individual GPCR mutation or deletion could induce different bone diseases or dysfunctions in different populations or animal models. Data from human diseases or dysfunctions identified 19 genes whose mutation was associated with human BMD: 9 genes each for human height and osteoporosis; 4 genes each for human osteoarthritis (OA) and fracture risk; and 2 genes each for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), periodontitis, osteosarcoma growth, and tooth development. Reports from gene knockout animals found 40 GPCRs whose deficiency reduced bone mass, while deficiency of 22 GPCRs increased bone mass and BMD; deficiency of 8 GPCRs reduced body length, while 5 mice had reduced femur size upon GPCR deletion. Furthermore, deficiency in 6 GPCRs induced osteoporosis; 4 induced osteoarthritis; 3 delayed fracture healing; 3 reduced arthritis severity; and reduced bone strength, increased bone strength, and increased cortical thickness were each observed in 2 GPCR-deficiency models. The ever-expanding number of GPCR mutation-associated diseases warrants accelerated molecular analysis, population studies, and investigation of phenotype correlation with SNPs to elucidate GPCR function in human diseases.
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Marino S, de Ridder D, Bishop RT, Renema N, Ponzetti M, Sophocleous A, Capulli M, Aljeffery A, Carrasco G, Gens MD, Khogeer A, Ralston SH, Gertsch J, Lamoureux F, Heymann D, Rucci N, Idris AI. Paradoxical effects of JZL184, an inhibitor of monoacylglycerol lipase, on bone remodelling in healthy and cancer-bearing mice. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:452-466. [PMID: 31151929 PMCID: PMC6606522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated bone disease is a serious complication in bone sarcomas and metastatic carcinomas of breast and prostate origin. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is an enzyme of the endocannabinoid system, and is responsible for the degradation of the most abundant endocannabinoid in bone, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2AG). METHODS The effects of the verified MAGL inhibitor on bone remodelling were assessed in healthy mice and in mouse models of bone disease caused by prostate and breast cancers and osteosarcoma. FINDINGS JZL184 reduced osteolytic bone metastasis in mouse models of breast and prostate cancers, and inhibited skeletal tumour growth, metastasis and the formation of ectopic bone in models of osteosarcoma. Additionally, JZL184 suppressed cachexia and prolonged survival in mice injected with metastatic osteosarcoma and osteotropic cancer cells. Functional and histological analysis revealed that the osteoprotective action of JZL184 in cancer models is predominately due to inhibition of tumour growth and metastasis. In the absence of cancer, however, exposure to JZL184 exerts a paradoxical reduction of bone volume via an effect that is mediated by both Cnr1 and Cnr2 cannabinoid receptors. INTERPRETATION MAGL inhibitors such as JZL184, or its novel analogues, may be of value in the treatment of bone disease caused by primary bone cancer and bone metastasis, however, activation of the skeletal endocannabinoid system may limit their usefulness as osteoprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marino
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Bone and Cancer Group, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Daniëlle de Ridder
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Ryan T Bishop
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Nathalie Renema
- INSERM, U1238, University of Nantes, Faculty of Medicine, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes, Cedex 1, France
| | - Marco Ponzetti
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonia Sophocleous
- Rheumatic disease unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenes Street, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Mattia Capulli
- University of L'Aquila, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Abdullah Aljeffery
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Giovana Carrasco
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | | | - Asim Khogeer
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Bone and Cancer Group, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Stuart H Ralston
- Rheumatic disease unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francois Lamoureux
- INSERM, U1238, University of Nantes, Faculty of Medicine, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes, Cedex 1, France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; INSERM, U1232, CRCINA, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, University of Nantes, Université d'Angers, Blvd Jacques Monod, 44805 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Nadia Rucci
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; University of L'Aquila, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Aymen I Idris
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Bone and Cancer Group, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK.
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The Endocannabinoid/Endovanilloid System in Bone: From Osteoporosis to Osteosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081919. [PMID: 31003519 PMCID: PMC6514542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue, whose homeostasis is maintained by a fine balance between osteoclast (OC) and osteoblast (OB) activity. The endocannabinoid/endovanilloid (EC/EV) system’s receptors are the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1), the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2), and the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1). Their stimulation modulates bone formation and bone resorption. Bone diseases are very common worldwide. Osteoporosis is the principal cause of bone loss and it can be caused by several factors such as postmenopausal estrogen decrease, glucocorticoid (GC) treatments, iron overload, and chemotherapies. Studies have demonstrated that CB1 and TRPV1 stimulation exerts osteoclastogenic effects, whereas CB2 stimulation has an anti-osteoclastogenic role. Moreover, the EC/EV system has been demonstrated to have a role in cancer, favoring apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation. In particular, in bone cancer, the modulation of the EC/EV system not only reduces cell growth and enhances apoptosis but it also reduces cell invasion and bone pain in mouse models. Therefore, EC/EV receptors may be a useful pharmacological target in the prevention and treatment of bone diseases. More studies to better investigate the biochemical mechanisms underlining the EC/EV system effects in bone are needed, but the synthesis of hybrid molecules, targeting these receptors and capable of oppositely regulating bone homeostasis, seems to be a promising and encouraging prospective in bone disease management.
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Anti-tumoral potential of MDA19 in human osteosarcoma via suppressing PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20181501. [PMID: 30442873 PMCID: PMC6294623 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignancy of skeleton with higher mortality rates amongst children and young adults worldwide, whereas effective and secure therapies have also been sought by researches with ongoing efforts. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of N′-[(3Z)-1-(1-hexyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene] benzohydrazide (MDA19) on OS and explore its potential mechanism. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) and colony formation assay were employed to evaluate the potential effect of MDA19 on U2OS and MG-63 cells proliferation. Moreover, transwell migration and invasion assay were performed to assess the influence of MDA19 on U2OS and MG-63 cells migration and invasion. In addition, Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (Annexin V-FITC/PI) staining and flow cytometry were used to examine apoptotic ratio of the U2OS and MG-63 cells. Meanwhile, Western blot analysis was applied to explore change of relevant mechanism proteins in OS cells treated with MDA19. Our study showed that MDA19 had anti-proliferative activity of OS cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, simultaneously, inhibition of colony formation was also observed in U2OS and MG-63 cells after incubation of MDA19. Besides, MDA19 could significantly inhibit the number of migrated and invaded OS cells and markedly increase the OS cells apoptosis rate. Mechanistically, we detected detectable reductions in apoptosis related proteins, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins and activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in U2OS and MG-63 cells exposure to MDA19. Overall, the current study indicates in vitro anti-proliferative, anti-metastatic, and pro-apoptotic potential of MDA19 in U2OS and MG-63 cells. Our findings propose a clue for further studies with this compound in preclinical and clinical treatment for OS.
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