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Zhang Y, Li T, Miao J, Zhang Z, Yang M, Wang Z, Yang B, Zhang J, Li H, Su Q, Guo J. Gamma-glutamyl transferase 5 overexpression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells improves brain pathology, cognition, and behavior in APP/PS1 mice. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:533-547. [PMID: 38819065 PMCID: PMC11317949 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202502000-00030/figure1/v/2024-05-28T214302Z/r/image-tiff In patients with Alzheimer's disease, gamma-glutamyl transferase 5 (GGT5) expression has been observed to be downregulated in cerebrovascular endothelial cells. However, the functional role of GGT5 in the development of Alzheimer's disease remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effect of GGT5 on cognitive function and brain pathology in an APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, as well as the underlying mechanism. We observed a significant reduction in GGT5 expression in two in vitro models of Alzheimer's disease (Aβ1-42-treated hCMEC/D3 and bEnd.3 cells), as well as in the APP/PS1 mouse model. Additionally, injection of APP/PS1 mice with an adeno-associated virus encoding GGT5 enhanced hippocampal synaptic plasticity and mitigated cognitive deficits. Interestingly, increasing GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells reduced levels of both soluble and insoluble amyloid-β in the brains of APP/PS1 mice. This effect may be attributable to inhibition of the expression of β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1, which is mediated by nuclear factor-kappa B. Our findings demonstrate that GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells is inversely associated with Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, and that GGT5 upregulation mitigates cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice. These findings suggest that GGT5 expression in cerebrovascular endothelial cells is a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Sixth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (General Hospital of Tisco), Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jie Miao
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zhina Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Mingxuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zhuoran Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Haiting Li
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Qiang Su
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine of Fenyang College, Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Junhong Guo
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
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Wang Q, Li A, Li Q, Li J, Wang Q, Wu S, Meng J, Liu C, Wang D, Chen Y. Carbon monoxide attenuates cellular senescence-mediated pulmonary fibrosis via modulating p53/PAI-1 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 980:176843. [PMID: 39068977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal progressive condition often requiring lung transplantation. Accelerated senescence of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII) plays a crucial role in pulmonary fibrosis progression through the secretion of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Low-dose carbon monoxide (CO) possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-aging properties. This study aims to explore the preventive effects of CO-releasing molecule 2 (CORM2) in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. METHODS We established an pulmonary fibrosis model in C57BL/6J mice and evaluated the impact of CORM2 on fibrosis pathology using Masson's trichrome staining, fluorescence staining, and pulmonary function tests. Fibrogenic marker expression and SASP secretion in tissues and AECII cells were analyzed using qRT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA assays both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, we investigated DNA damage and cellular senescence through immunofluorescence and SA-β-gal staining. RESULTS CORM2 showed a preventive effect on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis by improving pulmonary function and reducing the expression of fibrosis-related genes, such as TGF-β, α-SMA, Collagen I/III. CORM2 decreased the DNA damage response by inhibiting γ-H2AX, p53, and p21. We identified PAI-1 as a new target gene that was downregulated by CORM2, and which was associated with cellular senescence and fibrosis. CORM2 effectively inhibited cellular senescence and delayed EMT occurrence in AECII cells. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the potential of CORM2 in preventing DNA damage-induced cellular senescence in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis through modulation of the p53/PAI-1 signaling pathway. These findings underscore the promising prospects of CORM2 in targeting cellular senescence and the p53/PAI-1 pathway as a potential preventive strategy for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China
| | - Aohan Li
- Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China
| | - Qian Li
- Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Case Statistics Office, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37, Yiyuan Street, Harbin, 150011, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China
| | - Siyuan Wu
- Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaojiao Meng
- Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China
| | - Changpeng Liu
- Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yingqing Chen
- Engineering Technology Research Center for the Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China; Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, Liaoning, China.
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Jaisa-aad M, Muñoz-Castro C, Serrano-Pozo A. Update on modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Curr Opin Neurol 2024; 37:166-181. [PMID: 38265228 PMCID: PMC10932854 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW All human beings undergo a lifelong cumulative exposure to potentially preventable adverse factors such as toxins, infections, traumatisms, and cardiovascular risk factors, collectively termed exposome. The interplay between the individual's genetics and exposome is thought to have a large impact in health outcomes such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Likewise, a growing body of evidence is supporting the idea that preventable factors explain a sizable proportion of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) cases. RECENT FINDINGS Here, we will review the most recent epidemiological, experimental preclinical, and interventional clinical studies examining some of these potentially modifiable risk factors for ADRD. We will focus on new evidence regarding cardiovascular risk factors, air pollution, viral and other infectious agents, traumatic brain injury, and hearing loss. SUMMARY While greater and higher quality epidemiological and experimental evidence is needed to unequivocally confirm their causal link with ADRD and/or unravel the underlying mechanisms, these modifiable risk factors may represent a window of opportunity to reduce ADRD incidence and prevalence at the population level via health screenings, and education and health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Methasit Jaisa-aad
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Clara Muñoz-Castro
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla (Spain)
| | - Alberto Serrano-Pozo
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Massachusetts Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center
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Afsar A, Zhang L. Putative Molecular Mechanisms Underpinning the Inverse Roles of Mitochondrial Respiration and Heme Function in Lung Cancer and Alzheimer's Disease. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:185. [PMID: 38534454 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell. Mitochondria serve as the major source of oxidative stress. Impaired mitochondria produce less adenosine triphosphate (ATP) but generate more reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could be a major factor in the oxidative imbalance observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Well-balanced mitochondrial respiration is important for the proper functioning of cells and human health. Indeed, recent research has shown that elevated mitochondrial respiration underlies the development and therapy resistance of many types of cancer, whereas diminished mitochondrial respiration is linked to the pathogenesis of AD. Mitochondria govern several activities that are known to be changed in lung cancer, the largest cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Because of the significant dependence of lung cancer cells on mitochondrial respiration, numerous studies demonstrated that blocking mitochondrial activity is a potent strategy to treat lung cancer. Heme is a central factor in mitochondrial respiration/oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and its association with cancer is the subject of increased research in recent years. In neural cells, heme is a key component in mitochondrial respiration and the production of ATP. Here, we review the role of impaired heme metabolism in the etiology of AD. We discuss the numerous mitochondrial effects that may contribute to AD and cancer. In addition to emphasizing the significance of heme in the development of both AD and cancer, this review also identifies some possible biological connections between the development of the two diseases. This review explores shared biological mechanisms (Pin1, Wnt, and p53 signaling) in cancer and AD. In cancer, these mechanisms drive cell proliferation and tumorigenic functions, while in AD, they lead to cell death. Understanding these mechanisms may help advance treatments for both conditions. This review discusses precise information regarding common risk factors, such as aging, obesity, diabetes, and tobacco usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Afsar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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Singh A, Maker M, Prakash J, Tandon R, Mitchell CS. What Threshold of Amyloid Reduction Is Necessary to Meaningfully Improve Cognitive Function in Transgenic Alzheimer's Disease Mice? J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2024; 8:371-385. [PMID: 38549638 PMCID: PMC10977462 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Amyloid-β plaques (Aβ) are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pooled assessment of amyloid reduction in transgenic AD mice is critical for expediting anti-amyloid AD therapeutic research. Objective The mean threshold of Aβ reduction necessary to achieve cognitive improvement was measured via pooled assessment (n = 594 mice) of Morris water maze (MWM) escape latency of transgenic AD mice treated with substances intended to reduce Aβ via reduction of beta-secretase cleaving enzyme (BACE). Methods Machine learning and statistical methods identified necessary amyloid reduction levels using mouse data (e.g., APP/PS1, LPS, Tg2576, 3xTg-AD, control, wild type, treated, untreated) curated from 22 published studies. Results K-means clustering identified 4 clusters that primarily corresponded with level of Aβ: untreated transgenic AD control mice, wild type mice, and two clusters of transgenic AD mice treated with BACE inhibitors that had either an average 25% "medium reduction" of Aβ or 50% "high reduction" of Aβ compared to untreated control. A 25% Aβ reduction achieved a 28% cognitive improvement, and a 50% Aβ reduction resulted in a significant 32% improvement compared to untreated transgenic mice (p < 0.05). Comparatively, wild type mice had a mean 41% MWM latency improvement over untreated transgenic mice (p < 0.05). BACE reduction had a lesser impact on the ratio of Aβ42 to Aβ40. Supervised learning with an 80% -20% train-test split confirmed Aβ reduction was a key feature for predicting MWM escape latency (R2 = 0.8 to 0.95). Conclusions Results suggest a 25% reduction in Aβ as a meaningful treatment threshold for improving transgenic AD mouse cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory for Pathology Dynamics, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew Maker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory for Pathology Dynamics, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jayant Prakash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory for Pathology Dynamics, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Raghav Tandon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory for Pathology Dynamics, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cassie S. Mitchell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory for Pathology Dynamics, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Machine Learning at Georgia Tech, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Liang Y, Kang X, Zhang H, Xu H, Wu X. Knockdown and inhibition of hippocampal GPR17 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive impairment in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:271. [PMID: 37990234 PMCID: PMC10662506 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously we reported that inhibition of GPR17 prevents amyloid β 1-42 (Aβ1-42)-induced cognitive impairment in mice. However, the role of GPR17 on cognition is still largely unknown. METHODS Herein, we used a mouse model of cognitive impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to further investigate the role of GPR17 in cognition and its potential mechanism. The mice were pretreated with GPR17 shRNA lentivirus and cangrelor by microinjection into the dentate gyrus (DG) region of the hippocampus. After 21 days, LPS (0.25 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered for 7 days. Animal behavioral tests as well as pathological and biochemical assays were performed to evaluate the cognitive function in mice. RESULTS LPS exposure resulted in a significant increase in GPR17 expression at both protein and mRNA levels in the hippocampus. Gene reduction and pharmacological blockade of GPR17 improved cognitive impairment in both the Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests. Knockdown and inhibition of GPR17 inhibited Aβ production, decreased the expression of NF-κB p65, increased CREB phosphorylation and elevated BDNF expression, suppressed the accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inhibited Glial cells (microglia and astrocytes) activation, and increased Bcl-2, PSD-95, and SYN expression, reduced Bax expression as well as decreased caspase-3 activity and TUNEL-positive cells in the hippocampus of LPS-treated mice. Notably, knockdown and inhibition of GPR17 not only provided protective effects against cholinergic dysfunction but also facilitated the regulation of oxidative stress. In addition, cangrelor pretreatment can effectively inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines by suppressing NF-κB/CREB/BDNF signaling in BV-2 cells stimulated by LPS. However, activation of hippocampal GPR17 with MDL-29951 induced cognitive impairment in normal mice. CONCLUSIONS These observations indicate that GPR17 may possess a neuroprotective effect against LPS-induced cognition deficits, and neuroinflammation by modulation of NF-κB/CREB/BDNF signaling in mice, indicating that GPR17 may be a promising new target for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Liang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xu Kang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Haiwang Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xian Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Afsar A, Chen M, Xuan Z, Zhang L. A glance through the effects of CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, and cytokines on Alzheimer's disease. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5662-5675. [PMID: 38053545 PMCID: PMC10694609 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Unfortunately, despite numerous studies, an effective treatment for AD has not yet been established. There is remarkable evidence indicating that the innate immune mechanism and adaptive immune response play significant roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Several studies have reported changes in CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in AD patients. This mini-review article discusses the potential contribution of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells reactivity to amyloid β (Aβ) protein in individuals with AD. Moreover, this mini-review examines the potential associations between T cells, heme oxygenase (HO), and impaired mitochondria in the context of AD. While current mathematical models of AD have not extensively addressed the inclusion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, there exist models that can be extended to consider AD as an autoimmune disease involving these T cell types. Additionally, the mini-review covers recent research that has investigated the utilization of machine learning models, considering the impact of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Afsar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Zhenyu Xuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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Schnöder L, Quan W, Yu Y, Tomic I, Luo Q, Hao W, Peng G, Li D, Fassbender K, Liu Y. Deficiency of IKKβ in neurons ameliorates Alzheimer's disease pathology in APP- and tau-transgenic mice. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22778. [PMID: 36688823 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201512r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, inflammatory activation regulates protein levels of amyloid-β-peptide (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau), as well as neurodegeneration; however, the regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. We constructed APP- and tau-transgenic AD mice with deletion of IKKβ specifically in neurons, and observed that IKKβ deficiency reduced cerebral Aβ and p-tau, and modified inflammatory activation in both AD mice. However, neuronal deficiency of IKKβ decreased apoptosis and maintained synaptic proteins (e.g., PSD-95 and Munc18-1) in the brain and improved cognitive function only in APP-transgenic mice, but not in tau-transgenic mice. Additionally, IKKβ deficiency decreased BACE1 protein and activity in APP-transgenic mouse brain and cultured SH-SY5Y cells. IKKβ deficiency increased expression of PP2A catalytic subunit isoform A, an enzyme dephosphorylating cerebral p-tau, in the brain of tau-transgenic mice. Interestingly, deficiency of IKKβ in neurons enhanced autophagy as indicated by the increased ratio of LC3B-II/I in brains of both APP- and tau-transgenic mice. Thus, IKKβ deficiency in neurons ameliorates AD-associated pathology in APP- and tau-transgenic mice, perhaps by decreasing Aβ production, increasing p-tau dephosphorylation, and promoting autophagy-mediated degradation of BACE1 and p-tau aggregates in the brain. However, IKKβ deficiency differently protects neurons in APP- and tau-transgenic mice. Further studies are needed, particularly in the context of interaction between Aβ and p-tau, before IKKβ/NF-κB can be targeted for AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Schnöder
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wenqiang Quan
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Yu
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Inge Tomic
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Qinghua Luo
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wenlin Hao
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Guoping Peng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University Medical School, Shanghai, China
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Wu M, Zhai Y, Liang X, Chen W, Lin R, Ma L, Huang Y, Zhao D, Liang Y, Zhao W, Fang J, Fang S, Chen Y, Wang Q, Li W. Connecting the Dots Between Hypercholesterolemia and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Potential Mechanism Based on 27-Hydroxycholesterol. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:842814. [PMID: 35464321 PMCID: PMC9021879 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.842814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a complex and multifactorial disease involving genetic and environmental factors, with hypercholesterolemia considered as one of the risk factors. Numerous epidemiological studies have reported a positive association between AD and serum cholesterol levels, and experimental studies also provide evidence that elevated cholesterol levels accelerate AD pathology. However, the underlying mechanism of hypercholesterolemia accelerating AD pathogenesis is not clear. Here, we review the metabolism of cholesterol in the brain and focus on the role of oxysterols, aiming to reveal the link between hypercholesterolemia and AD. 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) is the major peripheral oxysterol that flows into the brain, and it affects β-amyloid (Aβ) production and elimination as well as influencing other pathogenic mechanisms of AD. Although the potential link between hypercholesterolemia and AD is well established, cholesterol-lowering drugs show mixed results in improving cognitive function. Nevertheless, drugs that target cholesterol exocytosis and conversion show benefits in improving AD pathology. Herbs and natural compounds with cholesterol-lowering properties also have a potential role in ameliorating cognition. Collectively, hypercholesterolemia is a causative risk factor for AD, and 27-OHC is likely a potential mechanism for hypercholesterolemia to promote AD pathology. Drugs that regulate cholesterol metabolism are probably beneficial for AD, but more research is needed to unravel the mechanisms involved in 27-OHC, which may lead to new therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingan Wu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhai
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weichun Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiyi Lin
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Ma
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiansong Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhuan Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunbo Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Wang,
| | - Weirong Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Weirong Li,
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Zhang H, Jiang W, Zhao Y, Song T, Xi Y, Han G, Jin Y, Song M, Bai K, Zhou J, Ding Y. Lipoprotein-Inspired Nanoscavenger for the Three-Pronged Modulation of Microglia-Derived Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2450-2460. [PMID: 35271279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory dysfunction of microglia from excess amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) disposal is an overlooked but pathogenic event in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we exploit a native high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-inspired nanoscavenger (pHDL/Cur-siBACE1) that combines the trinity of phosphatidic acid-functionalized HDL (pHDL), curcumin (Cur), and β-site APP cleavage enzyme 1 targeted siRNA (siBACE1) to modulate microglial dysfunction. By mimicking the natural lipoprotein transport route, pHDL can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and sequentially target Aβ plaque, where Aβ catabolism is accelerated without microglial dysfunction. The benefit results are from a three-pronged modulation strategy, including promoted Aβ clearance with an antibody-like Aβ binding affinity, normalized microglial dysfunction by blocking the NF-κB pathway, and reduced Aβ production by gene silence (44%). After treatment, the memory deficit and neuroinflammation of APPswe/PSEN 1dE9 mice are reversed. Collectively, this study highlights the double-edged sword role of microglia and provides a promising tactic for modulating microglial dysfunction in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenxin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuanpei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tingting Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yilong Xi
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guochen Han
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mingjie Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kaiwen Bai
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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11
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Gasotransmitter CO Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Fibroblast Senescence via Induction of Stress Granule Formation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9926284. [PMID: 34306316 PMCID: PMC8263219 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9926284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is recognized as a phenomenon wherein a proliferative cell undergoes a permanent growth arrest. The accumulation of senescent cells over time can become harmful and result in diseases and physiological decline. Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) is considered as a critical marker and mediator of cellular senescence. The formation of stress granules (SGs) could prevent senescence through the sequestration of PAI-1, and we previously suggested that exogenous carbon monoxide (CO) could induce SG assembly via integrated stress response (ISR). Although CO is known to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic properties, whether it exerts antisenescent effect is still not well defined. Here, to address whether CO-induced SGs could protect against cellular senescence, we first treated lung fibroblasts with bleomycin (BLM) to establish DNA damage-induced cellular senescence, and observed a significant increase of several hallmarks of senescence through SA-β-gal staining, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and Western blot assay. However, pre- and posttreatment of CO could remarkably attenuate these senescent phenotypes. According to our immunofluorescence results, CO-induced SGs could inhibit BLM-induced cellular senescence via sequestration of PAI-1, while it was abolished after the cotreatment of ISR inhibitor (ISRIB) due to the inhibition of SG assembly. Overall, our results proposed a novel role of CO in suppressing bleomycin-induced lung fibroblast senescence through the assembly of SGs.
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12
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Abate G, Vezzoli M, Sandri M, Rungratanawanich W, Memo M, Uberti D. Mitochondria and cellular redox state on the route from ageing to Alzheimer's disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111385. [PMID: 33129798 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several theories have been postulated, trying to explain why and how living organisms age. Despite some controversies and still huge open questions, a growing body of evidence suggest alterations of mitochondrial functionality and redox-homeostasis occur during the ageing process. Oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction do not represent the cause of ageing per se but they have to be analyzed within the complexity of those series of processes occurring during lifespan. The establishment of a crosstalk among them is a shared common feature of many chronic age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, for which ageing is a major risk factor. The challenge is to understand when and how the interplay between these two systems move towards from normal ageing process to a pathological phenotype. Here in this review, we discuss the crosstalk between mitochondria and cytosolic-ROS. Furthermore, through a visual data mining approach, we attempt to describe the dynamic interplay between mitochondria and cellular redox state on the route from ageing to an AD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Abate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy.
| | - M Vezzoli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - M Sandri
- Big & Open Data Innovation Laboratory (BODaI-Lab), Department of Economics and Management, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - W Rungratanawanich
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - M Memo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - D Uberti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy; Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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13
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Li KY, Xiang XJ, Song L, Chen J, Luo B, Wen QX, Zhong BR, Zhou GF, Deng XJ, Ma YL, Hu LT, Chen GJ. Mitochondrial TXN2 attenuates amyloidogenesis via selective inhibition of BACE1 expression. J Neurochem 2020; 157:1351-1365. [PMID: 32920833 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-2 (TXN2) is a mitochondrial protein and represents one of the intrinsic antioxidant enzymes. It has long been recognized that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesized that mitochondrial TXN2 might play a role in AD-like pathology. In this study, we found that in SH-SY5Y and HEK cells stably express full-length human amyloid-β precursor protein (HEK-APP), TXN2 silencing or over-expression selectively increased or decreased the transcription of beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), respectively, without altering the protein levels of others enzymes involved in the catalytic processing of APP. As a result, β-amyloid protein (Aβ) levels were significantly decreased by TXN2. In addition, in cells treated with 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) that is known to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promote mitochondrial dysfunction, TXN2 silencing resulted in further enhancement of BACE1 protein levels, suggesting a role of TXN2 in ROS removal. The downstream signaling might involve NFκB, as TXN2 reduced the phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα; and p65 knockdown significantly attenuated TXN2-mediated regulation of BACE1. Concomitantly, the levels of cellular ROS, apoptosis-related proteins and cell viability were altered by TXN2 silencing or over-expression. In APPswe/PS1E9 mice, an animal model of AD, the cortical and hippocampal TXN2 protein levels were decreased at 12 months but not at 6 months, suggesting an age-dependent decline. Collectively, TXN2 regulated BACE1 expression and amyloidogenesis via cellular ROS and NFκB signaling. TXN2 might serve as a potential target especially for early intervention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, the Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Xiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Biao Luo
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi-Xin Wen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Bi-Rou Zhong
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-Feng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Deng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Ma
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Tian Hu
- Department of Neurology, Nanchong Central Hospital, the Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
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14
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Mhillaj E, Papi M, Paciello F, Silvestrini A, Rolesi R, Palmieri V, Perini G, Fetoni AR, Trabace L, Mancuso C. Celecoxib Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in β-Amyloid-Treated SH-SY5Y Cells Through the Regulation of Heme Oxygenase-1: Novel Insights for an Old Drug. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:561179. [PMID: 33134292 PMCID: PMC7550645 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.561179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation and aggregation of amyloid-β-peptide (Aβ) into soluble and insoluble species represent the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Over the last few years, however, soluble Aβ (sAβ) prevailed over fibrillar Aβ (fAβ) as determinant of neurotoxicity. One of the main therapeutic strategies for challenging neurodegeneration is to fight against neuroinflammation and prevent free radical-induced damage: in this light, the heme oxygenase/biliverdin reductase (HO/BVR) system is considered a promising drug target. The aim of this work was to investigate whether or not celecoxib (CXB), a selective inhibitor of the pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2, modulates the HO/BVR system and prevents lipid peroxidation in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Both sAβ (6.25–50 nM) and fAβ (1.25–50 nM) dose-dependently over-expressed inducible HO (HO-1) after 24 h of incubation, reaching statistical significance at 25 and 6.25 nM, respectively. Interestingly, CXB (1–10 μM, for 1 h) further enhanced Aβ-induced HO-1 expression through the nuclear translocation of the transcriptional factor Nrf2. Furthermore, 10 μM CXB counteracted the Aβ-induced ROS production with a mechanism fully dependent on HO-1 up-regulation; nevertheless, 10 μM CXB significantly counteracted only 25 nM sAβ-induced lipid peroxidation damage in SH-SY5Y neurons by modulating HO-1. Both carbon monoxide (CORM-2, 50 nM) and bilirubin (50 nM) significantly prevented ROS production in Aβ-treated neurons and favored both the slowdown of the growth rate of Aβ oligomers and the decrease in oligomer/fibril final size. In conclusion, these results suggest a novel mechanism through which CXB is neuroprotective in subjects with early AD or mild cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Mhillaj
- Department of Healthcare Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Pharmacology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola Paciello
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Silvestrini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Rolando Rolesi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Palmieri
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giordano Perini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Fetoni
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Cesare Mancuso
- Department of Healthcare Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Pharmacology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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15
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Liang ZM, Peng YH, Chen Y, Long LL, Luo HJ, Chen YJ, Liang YL, Tian YH, Li SJ, Shi YS, Zhang XM. The BACE1-Specific DNA Aptamer A1 Rescues Amyloid-β Pathology and Behavioral Deficits in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Nucleic Acid Ther 2019; 29:359-366. [PMID: 31513457 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2019.0812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposits in the brain are considered to be one of the main pathological markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The sequential proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the aspartyl proteases β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and γ-secretase produces Aβ. Therefore, BACE1 inhibition is a very attractive target for the treatment of AD. Our previous work identified a DNA aptamer named A1 that can bind to BACE1 with high affinity and specificity and exhibits a distinct inhibitory effect on BACE1 activity in an AD cell model. The purpose of this research was to test the effect of aptamer A1 in Tg6799 mice. Four-month-old Tg6799 mice were randomly divided into two groups and treated with aptamer A1 and ineffective aptamer A1scr, respectively, by intracerebroventricular injection. Subsequent behavioral experiments showed that treatment with the aptamer A1 improved the cognitive abilities of the AD mice. Western blot indicated that BACE1 and soluble amyloid precursor protein β (sAPPβ) expression significantly decreased in the A1-treated mice. Moreover, aptamer A1 reduced the content of Aβ42 and the number and density of senile plaques in AD mice. Therefore, our results indicate that aptamer A1 is a novel specific and potent BACE1 inhibitor and is a promising potential target for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Man Liang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Hua Peng
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Li Long
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Jie Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ling Liang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Hong Tian
- Experiment Teaching & Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Ji Li
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Yang HC, Wu YH, Yen WC, Liu HY, Hwang TL, Stern A, Chiu DTY. The Redox Role of G6PD in Cell Growth, Cell Death, and Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091055. [PMID: 31500396 PMCID: PMC6770671 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of reducing equivalent NADPH via glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is critical for the maintenance of redox homeostasis and reductive biosynthesis in cells. NADPH also plays key roles in cellular processes mediated by redox signaling. Insufficient G6PD activity predisposes cells to growth retardation and demise. Severely lacking G6PD impairs embryonic development and delays organismal growth. Altered G6PD activity is associated with pathophysiology, such as autophagy, insulin resistance, infection, inflammation, as well as diabetes and hypertension. Aberrant activation of G6PD leads to enhanced cell proliferation and adaptation in many types of cancers. The present review aims to update the existing knowledge concerning G6PD and emphasizes how G6PD modulates redox signaling and affects cell survival and demise, particularly in diseases such as cancer. Exploiting G6PD as a potential drug target against cancer is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chi Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chen Yen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Ya Liu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Arnold Stern
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Daniel Tsun-Yee Chiu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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17
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De Simone A, Naldi M, Tedesco D, Milelli A, Bartolini M, Davani L, Widera D, Dallas ML, Andrisano V. Investigating in Vitro Amyloid Peptide 1-42 Aggregation: Impact of Higher Molecular Weight Stable Adducts. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:12308-12318. [PMID: 31460348 PMCID: PMC6682006 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of amyloid peptides (Aβ), in particular Aβ1-42, into oligomers and fibrils is one of the main pathological events related to Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) to protect neurons and astrocytes from Aβ1-42 toxicity. In fact, CORMs are able to carry and release controlled levels of CO and are known to exert a wide range of anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities at physiologically relevant concentrations. In order to investigate the direct effects of CORMs on Aβ1-42, we studied the reactivity of CORM-2 and CORM-3 with Aβ1-42 in vitro and the potential inhibition of its aggregation by mass spectrometry (MS), as well as fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopies. The application of an electrospray ionization-MS (ESI-MS) method allowed the detection of stable Aβ1-42/CORMs adducts, involving the addition of the Ru(CO)2 portion of CORMs at histidine residues on the Aβ1-42 skeleton. Moreover, CORMs showed anti-aggregating properties through formation of stable adducts with Aβ1-42 as demonstrated by a thioflavin T fluorescence assay and MS analysis. As further proof, comparison of the CD spectra of Aβ1-42 recorded in the absence and in the presence of CORM-3 at a 1:1 molar ratio showed the ability of CORM-3 to stabilize the peptide in its soluble, unordered conformation, thereby preventing its misfolding and aggregation. This multi-methodological investigation revealed novel interactions between Aβ1-42 and CORMs, contributing new insights into the proposed neuroprotective mechanisms mediated by CORMs and disclosing a new strategy to divert amyloid aggregation and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela De Simone
- Department
for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum
Università di Bologna, Rimini 47921, Italy
| | - Marina Naldi
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater
Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
- Center
for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.) S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Daniele Tedesco
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater
Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Andrea Milelli
- Department
for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum
Università di Bologna, Rimini 47921, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater
Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Lara Davani
- Department
for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum
Università di Bologna, Rimini 47921, Italy
| | - Darius Widera
- Reading
School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, U.K.
| | - Mark L. Dallas
- Reading
School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, U.K.
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department
for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum
Università di Bologna, Rimini 47921, Italy
- E-mail:
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18
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Chen Y, Joe Y, Park J, Song HC, Kim UH, Chung HT. Carbon monoxide induces the assembly of stress granule through the integrated stress response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:289-294. [PMID: 30885431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are membraneless and phase-dense organelles that form transiently in response to a variety of harmful stimuli, including oxidative, heat, osmotic, ultraviolet light and chemotoxic stresses, and thus providing protective effects, allowing survivals. Carbon monoxide (CO), a gaseous second messenger, is synthesized by heme-oxygenases, and exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects in a variety of cellular- and tissue-injury models. Several reports indicate that low levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) generated by CO can selectively activate PERK-eIF2α integrated stress response (ISR) to preserve the cellular homeostasis. Hence, CO can confer protection against cellular stresses. However, the mechanisms underlying the cyto-protective effects of CO against various harmful stimuli remain to be elucidated. Here, we sought to examine whether CO induces the SG assembly, and uncover its molecular mechanisms. We treated WI-38 cells and primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with CO-releasing molecule 2 (CORM2) or CO gas, and found the SG assemblies were gradually increased in time and dose dependent manners. Next, we used Mito-TEMPO, an mtROS scavenger, to explore if mtROS might be involved in the CO-induced SG assembly. Furthermore, we confirmed the involvement of ISR consisted of PERK-eIF2α signaling pathway induced by CO for the SGs assembly. Finally, the inhibition of SG assembly by ISR inhibitor further verified CO-induced ISR might be responsible for SG. Taken together, in this study, we first demonstrated that CO is a novel SG inducer by activating ISR. Moreover, mtROS might be an initiator for the CO-induced ISR responsible for SG assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqing Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Dalian University Medical College, Dalian, 116622, China
| | - Yeonsoo Joe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Chul Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Uh-Hyun Kim
- National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca(2+) Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hun Taeg Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea.
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Kim HJ, Joe Y, Chen Y, Park GH, Kim UH, Chung HT. Carbon monoxide attenuates amyloidogenesis via down-regulation of NF-κB-mediated BACE1 gene expression. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12864. [PMID: 30411846 PMCID: PMC6351829 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, the major constituent of plaques, are generated by sequential proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) via β-secretase (BACE1) and the γ-secretase complex. It has been proposed that the abnormal secretion and accumulation of Aβ are the initial causative events in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Drugs modulating this pathway could be used for AD treatment. Previous studies indicated that carbon monoxide (CO), a product of heme oxygenase (HO)-1, protects against Aβ-induced toxicity and promotes neuroprotection. However, the mechanism underlying the mitigative effect of CO on Aβ levels and BACE1 expression is unclear. Here, we show that CO modulates cleavage of APP and Aβ production by decreasing BACE1 expression in vivo and in vitro. CO reduces Aβ levels and improves memory deficits in AD transgenic mice. The regulation of BACE1 expression by CO is dependent on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Consistent with the negative role of SIRT1 in the NF-κB activity, CO fails to evoke significant decrease in BACE1 expression in the presence of the SIRT1 inhibitor. Furthermore, CO attenuates elevation of BACE1 level in brains of 3xTg-AD mouse model as well as mice fed high-fat, high-cholesterol diets. CO reduces the NF-κB-mediated transcription of BACE1 induced by the cholesterol oxidation product 27-hydroxycholesterol or hydrogen peroxide. These data suggest that CO reduces the NF-κB-mediated BACE1 transcription and consequently decreases Aβ production. Our study provides novel mechanisms by which CO reduces BACE1 expression and Aβ production and may be an effective agent for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jeong Kim
- Meta-Inflammation Research Institute of Basic Research, School of Biological Sciences; University of Ulsan; Ulsan South Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Joe
- Meta-Inflammation Research Institute of Basic Research, School of Biological Sciences; University of Ulsan; Ulsan South Korea
| | - Yingqing Chen
- Meta-Inflammation Research Institute of Basic Research, School of Biological Sciences; University of Ulsan; Ulsan South Korea
| | - Gyu Hwan Park
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyungpook National University; Daegu South Korea
| | - Uh-Hyun Kim
- National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network, Medical School; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju South Korea
| | - Hun Taeg Chung
- Meta-Inflammation Research Institute of Basic Research, School of Biological Sciences; University of Ulsan; Ulsan South Korea
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