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Caetano R, Vaeth PA, Gruenewald PJ, Ponicki WR, Kaplan Z. Alcohol use disorder among Whites and Hispanics on and off the U.S./Mexico border in California. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2024; 23:520-536. [PMID: 35951655 PMCID: PMC9918594 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2022.2108953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines whether U.S./Mexico border residence in California is related to the prevalence of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (AUD) among Whites and Hispanics. Household survey data were obtained from 1,209 adults (59.7% female) 18 to 39 years of age resident in four counties in California: Imperial on the U.S./Mexico border; and Kern, Tulare, and Madera in California's Central Valley. Households were selected using a list assisted sample, with data collected on the phone or online. Results show that AUD rates were not different between border and non-border location and between Whites and Hispanics. AUD was negatively associated with higher income ($20,000 to $60,000: AOR=.38; 95%CI=.17-.86; p<.01-more than $60,000: AOR=.27; 95%CI: .09-.81; p<.01) and poor risk perception (AOR=.86; 95%CI=.78-.94; p<.01). AUD was positively associated with continued volume of drinking (AOR = 1.05; 95%CI = 1.01-1.09; p<.01), drinking in Mexico (AOR = 4.28; 95%CI = 1.61-11.36; p<.01), marijuana use (AOR = 4.11; 95%CI = 1.73-9.77; p<.01), and impulsivity (AOR = 1.55; 95%CI = 1.23-1.94). Efforts to prevent AUD in the population in California, and especially among those who live close to the border with Mexico, should take into consideration factors such as impulsivity, marijuana use, border crossing to drink in Mexico, all of which increased risk of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zoe Kaplan
- Prevention Research Center, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Greenfield TK. Debating Shield et al.'s perspectives on how to formulate alcohol drinking guidelines. Addiction 2024; 119:22-23. [PMID: 37920911 DOI: 10.1111/add.16375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
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Greenfield TK, Lui CK, Cook WK, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Li L, Wilsnack SC, Bloomfield K, Room R, Laslett AM, Bond J, Korcha R. High Intensity Drinking (HID) Assessed by Maximum Quantity Consumed Is an Important Pattern Measure Adding Predictive Value in Higher and Lower Income Societies for Modeling Alcohol-Related Problems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3748. [PMID: 36834453 PMCID: PMC9958696 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Adjusting for demographics and standard drinking measures, High Intensity Drinking (HID), indexed by the maximum quantity consumed in a single day in the past 12 months, may be valuable in predicting alcohol dependence other harms across high and low income societies. The data consisted of 17 surveys of adult (15,460 current drinkers; 71% of total surveyed) in Europe (3), the Americas (8), Africa (2), and Asia/Australia (4). Gender-disaggregated country analyses used Poison regression to investigate whether HID (8-11, 12-23, 24+ drinks) was incrementally influential, beyond log drinking volume and HED (Heavy Episodic Drinking, or 5+ days), in predicting drinking problems, adjusting for age and marital status. In adjusted models predicting AUDIT-5 for men, adding HID improved the overall model fit for 11 of 15 countries. For women, 12 of 14 countries with available data showed an improved fit with HID included. The results for the five Life-Area Harms were similar for men. Considering the results by gender, each country showing improvements in model fit by adding HID had larger values of the average difference between high intensity and usual consumption, implying variations in amounts consumed on any given day. The amount consumed/day often greatly exceeded HED levels. In many societies of varying income levels, as hypothesized, HID provided important added information on drinking patterns for predicting harms, beyond the standard volume and binging indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K. Greenfield
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute (PHI), 6001 Shellmound St., Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Camillia K. Lui
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute (PHI), 6001 Shellmound St., Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Won K. Cook
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute (PHI), 6001 Shellmound St., Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Katherine J. Karriker-Jaffe
- Community Health & Implementation Research Program, Research Triangle Institute, Berkeley Office, CA 94704, USA
| | - Libo Li
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute (PHI), 6001 Shellmound St., Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Sharon C. Wilsnack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 94704, USA
| | - Kim Bloomfield
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University (Melbourne Campus), Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne-Marie Laslett
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University (Melbourne Campus), Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Jason Bond
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute (PHI), 6001 Shellmound St., Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Rachael Korcha
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute (PHI), 6001 Shellmound St., Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
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Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Li L, Cherpitel CJ, Bensley KMK, Zemore SE. Neighborhood Contexts and Alcohol Use Disorder Among Mexican Americans Living in the US-Mexico Border Region. Alcohol Alcohol 2022; 57:678-686. [PMID: 35596957 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study assessed contributions of exposure to neighborhood stressors (violent victimization, witnessing crime, greater alcohol and drug availability) to variation in alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms among drinkers in three cities in Texas, USA. METHODS We used data from interviews conducted from 2011 to 2013 with Mexican-origin adults (ages 16-65) in the US-Mexico Study of Alcohol and Related Conditions who were past-year drinkers (N = 1960; 55% male) living in two cities in the Texas-Mexico border region (Laredo, n = 751 and Brownsville/McAllen, n = 814) and one interior comparison site (San Antonio, n = 771). Analyses (conducted in 2018 and 2019) examined overall and gender-stratified multilevel mediated effects of each border site (versus San Antonio) on AUD symptoms through the neighborhood-level factors, adjusting for individual- and neighborhood-level covariates. RESULTS Overall, drinkers in Laredo reported more AUD symptoms than drinkers in the other cities, and their neighborhoods had more witnessing of crime and greater perceived drug availability, as well as higher levels of disadvantage and a lower proportion non-Hispanic White residents, than neighborhoods in San Antonio. Witnessing neighborhood crime was associated with increased AUD symptoms, while neighborhood disadvantage and proportion non-Hispanic White residents each were negatively associated with AUD symptoms. Perceived neighborhood insecurity, crime victimization, perceived neighborhood drug availability and neighborhood alcohol availability (off- and on-premise) were not significantly associated with AUD symptoms. Stratified models suggested possible gender differences in indirect effects through witnessing neighborhood crime. CONCLUSION Reducing witnessing of neighborhood crime may help reduce AUD symptoms among adults living in the US border region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Karriker-Jaffe
- Community Health Research Division, RTI International, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Libo Li
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | | | - Kara M K Bensley
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Sarah E Zemore
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
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Zemore SE, Li L, Bensley K, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Cherpitel C. Alcohol- and Drug-Related Mortality Among Adults Within and Outside the U.S.-Mexico Border Region. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2022; 83:175-184. [PMID: 35254240 PMCID: PMC8909922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although researchers and policy makers have often considered the U.S.-Mexico border region to be at high risk for substance use problems, epidemiological studies of this region have been hard to interpret because of their modest geographic coverage, reliance on self-report, and mixed results. The current study addresses limitations of existing studies and extends the knowledge base by comparing alcohol- and drug-related mortality in counties on versus off the border across all four U.S. border states. METHOD Data were from the 2008-2017 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER Multiple Causes of Death data set, American Community Survey, and Rural Urban Continuum Codes, including all four border states. Spatial lag models tested differences across on- and off-border counties in total alcohol- and drug-related mortality ("total mortality"), alcohol-related mortality, and drug-related mortality. RESULTS In multivariate models, mortality rates were significantly higher in off- versus on-border counties for all three outcomes (ps < .05). Rates for total mortality, alcohol-related mortality, and drug-related mortality were 28%, 82%, and 30% higher, respectively, off versus on the border. Border effects were similar, excluding California; robust over time; and stronger for Latinx versus White decedents. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest a revised understanding of the border, revealing that residents of interior counties of border states are at highest risk of severe substance use consequences. Results are consistent with other research finding that border counties were protected against drug overdose deaths, particularly for Latinx residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Zemore
- Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, California,Correspondence may be sent to Sarah E. Zemore at theAlcohol Research Group, 6001 Shellmound St., Suite 450, Emeryville, CA 94608, or via email at:
| | - Libo Li
- Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, California
| | - Kara Bensley
- Department of Public Health, Bastyr University, Kenmore, Washington
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Zemore SE, Li L, Bensley K, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Cherpitel C. Alcohol- and Drug-Related Mortality Among Adults Within and Outside the U.S.-Mexico Border Region. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2022; 83:175-184. [PMID: 35254240 PMCID: PMC8909922 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2022.83.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although researchers and policy makers have often considered the U.S.-Mexico border region to be at high risk for substance use problems, epidemiological studies of this region have been hard to interpret because of their modest geographic coverage, reliance on self-report, and mixed results. The current study addresses limitations of existing studies and extends the knowledge base by comparing alcohol- and drug-related mortality in counties on versus off the border across all four U.S. border states. METHOD Data were from the 2008-2017 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER Multiple Causes of Death data set, American Community Survey, and Rural Urban Continuum Codes, including all four border states. Spatial lag models tested differences across on- and off-border counties in total alcohol- and drug-related mortality ("total mortality"), alcohol-related mortality, and drug-related mortality. RESULTS In multivariate models, mortality rates were significantly higher in off- versus on-border counties for all three outcomes (ps < .05). Rates for total mortality, alcohol-related mortality, and drug-related mortality were 28%, 82%, and 30% higher, respectively, off versus on the border. Border effects were similar, excluding California; robust over time; and stronger for Latinx versus White decedents. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest a revised understanding of the border, revealing that residents of interior counties of border states are at highest risk of severe substance use consequences. Results are consistent with other research finding that border counties were protected against drug overdose deaths, particularly for Latinx residents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Libo Li
- Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, California
| | - Kara Bensley
- Department of Public Health, Bastyr University, Kenmore, Washington
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Caetano R, Vaeth PA, Gruenewald PJ, Ponicki WR, Kaplan Z. Drinking in Mexico by Whites and Hispanics on and off the US/Mexico border in California. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2021; 22:701-719. [PMID: 34878365 PMCID: PMC9200137 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2021.2011815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper compares drinking patterns of Whites and Hispanics who after crossing the U.S./Mexico border drink and do not drink in Mexico. Data came from a household survey of 1,209 adults 18 to 39 years of age in California. Residence near the US/Mexico border increases the likelihood of drinking in Mexico (AOR = 4.57; 95%CI = 2.45-8.52; p < .001). Hispanics (AOR = 1.91; 95%CI = 1.26-2.90; p < .01), those who drink more frequently (AOR = 1.05; 95%CI = 1.02-1.09; p < .01) and those who drink six or more drinks in day (AOR = 1.91; 95%CI = 1.26-2.29; p < .01) are more likely than Whites and lighter drinkers to report this behavior. Crossing the U.S./Mexico border to drink is influenced by living close to the border, Hispanic ethnicity, and drinking many drinks in a day.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zoe Kaplan
- Prevention Research Center, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Greenfield TK, Patterson D, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Kerr WC, Gilder DA, Ehlers CL. Childhood Experiences and High-Intensity Drinking Among American Indian and Alaska Native Adults: Findings From the 2000-2015 National Alcohol Surveys. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2021; 82:564-575. [PMID: 34546902 PMCID: PMC8819606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine associations with high-intensity drinking (HID) in American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations and compare them to White and other minority groups using four National Alcohol Surveys, 2000 to 2015 (total N = 29,571; AI/ANs = 434). METHOD Current drinking and HID (8+ and 12+ drinks on any day) from maximum drinks in the prior 12 months were analyzed with independent variables and race/ethnicity (AI/AN, non-Hispanic White, and other racial/ethnic groups combined). Adjusted logistic regression models comprised gender, age, marital status, employment, education, survey year, rurality, and especially, childhood trauma (physical/sexual abuse), and biological family alcohol problem history (each dichotomous). RESULTS In adjusted population models, Whites had twice the odds of current drinking as AI/ANs, with no difference between other racial/ethnic groups and AI/ANs. Descriptively, AI/AN drinkers consumed at higher intensity levels than other groups, with higher prevalence of childhood trauma and family problem drinking than others. However, on a population basis, adjusting for all factors, apparent differences between AI/AN and White HID were eliminated; other minority groups together, compared with AI/ANs, showed lower odds of consuming 8+ drinks. CONCLUSIONS AI/ANs had a higher prevalence of childhood trauma and family alcohol problems as well as lower current drinking likelihood compared with Whites. In adjusted population models, the combined other minorities group was less likely to ever consume 8+ drinks than AI/ANs. In all populations, childhood trauma and family alcohol problems increased the risk of HID, strongly so in AI/ANs. Addressing childhood trauma and family problems is important among AI/ANs to break generational cycles of drinking extreme amounts per occasion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deidre Patterson
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California
| | - Katherine J. Karriker-Jaffe
- Community Health and Implementation Research Program, Research Triangle Institute International, Berkeley, California
| | - William C. Kerr
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California
| | - David A. Gilder
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Cindy L. Ehlers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
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Greenfield TK, Patterson D, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Kerr WC, Gilder DA, Ehlers CL. Childhood Experiences and High-Intensity Drinking Among American Indian and Alaska Native Adults: Findings From the 2000-2015 National Alcohol Surveys. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2021; 82:564-575. [PMID: 34546902 PMCID: PMC8819606 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2021.82.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine associations with high-intensity drinking (HID) in American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations and compare them to White and other minority groups using four National Alcohol Surveys, 2000 to 2015 (total N = 29,571; AI/ANs = 434). METHOD Current drinking and HID (8+ and 12+ drinks on any day) from maximum drinks in the prior 12 months were analyzed with independent variables and race/ethnicity (AI/AN, non-Hispanic White, and other racial/ethnic groups combined). Adjusted logistic regression models comprised gender, age, marital status, employment, education, survey year, rurality, and especially, childhood trauma (physical/sexual abuse), and biological family alcohol problem history (each dichotomous). RESULTS In adjusted population models, Whites had twice the odds of current drinking as AI/ANs, with no difference between other racial/ethnic groups and AI/ANs. Descriptively, AI/AN drinkers consumed at higher intensity levels than other groups, with higher prevalence of childhood trauma and family problem drinking than others. However, on a population basis, adjusting for all factors, apparent differences between AI/AN and White HID were eliminated; other minority groups together, compared with AI/ANs, showed lower odds of consuming 8+ drinks. CONCLUSIONS AI/ANs had a higher prevalence of childhood trauma and family alcohol problems as well as lower current drinking likelihood compared with Whites. In adjusted population models, the combined other minorities group was less likely to ever consume 8+ drinks than AI/ANs. In all populations, childhood trauma and family alcohol problems increased the risk of HID, strongly so in AI/ANs. Addressing childhood trauma and family problems is important among AI/ANs to break generational cycles of drinking extreme amounts per occasion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deidre Patterson
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California
| | - Katherine J. Karriker-Jaffe
- Community Health and Implementation Research Program, Research Triangle Institute International, Berkeley, California
| | - William C. Kerr
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California
| | - David A. Gilder
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Cindy L. Ehlers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
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Tabler J, Mykyta L, Chernenko A, Flores P, Marquez A, Saenz N, Stocker R. Hispanic Health Paradox at the Border: Substance, Alcohol, and Tobacco Use among Latinx Immigrants Seeking Free or Reduced-Cost Care in Southernmost Texas. South Med J 2020; 113:183-190. [PMID: 32239231 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000001087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although substantial research has explored the Hispanic health paradox (HHP) and suggests that Latinx immigrants experience positive health outcomes relative to those born in the United States, less research has assessed the role of immigration status. Our aim was to examine this role in Latinx health. METHODS Using survey data collected at two free/reduced-cost clinics in southernmost Texas, we examined differences in the mental and self-rated health, substance, alcohol, and tobacco use of low-income patients by undocumented/documented immigrant and US-born/naturalized citizen status (N = 588). RESULTS Based on ordinary least squares regression results, undocumented Latinx immigrants report lower negative self-rated health (coefficient -0.27, 95% confidence interval -0.50 to -0.01) and lower depressive symptoms (coefficient -0.34, 95% confidence interval -0.67 to -0.02]) compared with their US citizen peers (P < 0.05). Logistic regression results suggest that undocumented and documented Latinx immigrants do not differ in alcohol, tobacco, or substance use relative to their citizen peers. CONCLUSIONS Despite facing potentially adverse social environments, undocumented Latinx immigrants experience positive health outcomes relative to US-born/naturalized citizen peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Tabler
- From the Department of Criminal Justice and Sociology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, the Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, the School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, the Department of Education, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, and Hope Family Health Center, McAllen, Texas
| | - Laryssa Mykyta
- From the Department of Criminal Justice and Sociology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, the Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, the School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, the Department of Education, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, and Hope Family Health Center, McAllen, Texas
| | - Alla Chernenko
- From the Department of Criminal Justice and Sociology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, the Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, the School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, the Department of Education, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, and Hope Family Health Center, McAllen, Texas
| | - Paloma Flores
- From the Department of Criminal Justice and Sociology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, the Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, the School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, the Department of Education, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, and Hope Family Health Center, McAllen, Texas
| | - Alvaro Marquez
- From the Department of Criminal Justice and Sociology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, the Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, the School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, the Department of Education, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, and Hope Family Health Center, McAllen, Texas
| | - Nancy Saenz
- From the Department of Criminal Justice and Sociology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, the Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, the School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, the Department of Education, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, and Hope Family Health Center, McAllen, Texas
| | - Rebecca Stocker
- From the Department of Criminal Justice and Sociology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, the Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, the School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, the Department of Education, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, and Hope Family Health Center, McAllen, Texas
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Schuckit MA, Smith TL, Clarke D, Mendoza LA, Kawamura M, Schoen L. Predictors of Increases in Alcohol Problems and Alcohol Use Disorders in Offspring in the San Diego Prospective Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:2232-2241. [PMID: 31454095 PMCID: PMC6779494 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 35-year-long San Diego Prospective Study documented 2-fold increases in alcohol problems and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in young-adult drinking offspring compared to rates in their fathers, the original probands. The current analyses use the same interviews and questionnaires at about the same age in members of the 2 generations to explore multiple potential contributors to the generational differences in adverse alcohol outcomes. METHODS Using data from recent offspring interviews, multiple cross-generation differences in characteristics potentially related to alcohol problems were evaluated in 3 steps: first through direct comparisons across probands and offspring at about age 30; second by backward linear regression analyses of predictors of alcohol problems within each generation; and finally third through R-based bootstrapped linear regressions of differences in alcohol problems in randomly matched probands and offspring. RESULTS The analyses across the analytical approaches revealed 3 consistent predictors of higher alcohol problems in the second generation. These included the following: (i) a more robust relationship to alcohol problems for offspring with a low level of response to alcohol; (ii) higher offspring values for alcohol expectancies; and (iii) higher offspring impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS The availability of data across generations offered a unique perspective for studying characteristics that may have contributed to a general finding in the literature of substantial increases in alcohol problems and AUDs in recent generations. If replicated, these results could suggest approaches to be used by parents, healthcare workers, insurance companies, and industry in their efforts to mitigate the increasing rates of alcohol problems in younger generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A. Schuckit
- University of California, San Diego - Department of Psychiatry, 8950 Villa La Jolla Dr Suite B-218, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Tom L. Smith
- University of California, San Diego - Department of Psychiatry, 8950 Villa La Jolla Dr Suite B-218, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Dennis Clarke
- University of California, San Diego - Department of Psychiatry, 8950 Villa La Jolla Dr Suite B-218, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Lee Anne Mendoza
- University of California, San Diego - Department of Psychiatry, 8950 Villa La Jolla Dr Suite B-218, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Mari Kawamura
- University of California, San Diego - Department of Psychiatry, 8950 Villa La Jolla Dr Suite B-218, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Lara Schoen
- University of California, San Diego - Department of Psychiatry, 8950 Villa La Jolla Dr Suite B-218, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
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Zemore SE, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Mulia N, Kerr WC, Ehlers CL, Cook WK, Martinez P, Lui C, Greenfield TK. The Future of Research on Alcohol-Related Disparities Across U.S. Racial/Ethnic Groups: A Plan of Attack. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2018; 79:7-21. [PMID: 29227222 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2018.79.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research suggests striking disparities in alcohol use, problems, and treatment across racial/ethnic groups in the United States. However, research on alcohol-related disparities affecting racial/ethnic minorities remains in its developmental stages. The current article aims to support future research in this growing field by highlighting some of the most important findings, questions, and approaches, focusing on psychosocial research. METHOD This article advances seven research needs (i.e., questions and topics meriting attention) that we believe are of crucial importance to the field. We draw on the existing literature to illuminate under-explored areas that are highly relevant to health intervention and that complement the field's existing focus. RESULTS Identified research needs include research that (a) better describes disparities in alcohol-related health conditions and their drivers, (b) identifies appropriate screening and brief intervention methods for racial/ethnic minorities, (c) investigates disparities in access to and use of alcohol treatment and support services, (d) examines the comparative efficacy of existing alcohol interventions and develops tailored interventions, (e) explores the impacts of specific alcohol policies across and within racial/ethnic groups, and (f) describes the full spectrum of alcohol-related harms and how and why these may vary across racial/ethnic groups. We also call for (g) continuing research to monitor disparities over time. CONCLUSIONS This article points to specific strategies for describing, explaining, intervening on, and monitoring some of the most substantial alcohol-related disparities. Conclusions outline methods and processes that may be advantageous in addressing these priorities, including the use of longitudinal designs; consideration of life course changes; attention to nontraditional intervention settings; and inclusion of disadvantaged populations in all aspects of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nina Mulia
- Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, California
| | | | - Cindy L Ehlers
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
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