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McKenna BS, Anthenelli RM, Schuckit MA. Sex differences in alcohol's effects on fronto-amygdalar functional connectivity during processing of emotional stimuli. Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken) 2024; 48:612-622. [PMID: 38379361 PMCID: PMC11015979 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amygdala function underlying emotion processing has been shown to vary with an individuals' biological sex. Expanding upon functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) findings reported previously where a low level of response was the focus, we examined alcohol and sex effects on functional connectivity between the amygdala and other brain regions. The central hypothesis predicted that sex would influence alcohol's effects on frontal-limbic functional circuits underlying the processing of negative and positive facial emotions. METHODS Secondary analyses were conducted on data from a double-blind, placebo controlled, within-subjects, cross-over study in 54 sex-matched pairs (N = 108) of 18- to 25-year-old individuals without an alcohol use disorder at baseline. Participants performed an emotional faces fMRI processing task after placebo or approximately 0.7 mL/kg of ethanol. Psychophysiological interaction analyses examined functional connectivity between the amygdala with other brain regions. RESULTS There were significant alcohol-by-sex interactions when processing negatively valenced faces. Whereas intoxicated men exhibited decreased functional connectivity between the amygdala and ventral and dorsal anterior cingulate, angular gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus connectivity was increased in intoxicated women. There was also a main sex effect where women exhibited less functional connectivity in the middle insula than men regardless of whether they received alcohol or placebo. For happy faces, main effects of both sex and alcohol were observed. Women exhibited less amygdala functional connectivity in the right inferior frontal gyrus than men. Both men and women exhibited greater functional connectivity in the superior frontal gyrus in response to alcohol than placebo. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol's effects on amygdala functional circuits that underlying emotional processing vary by sex. Women had higher functional connectivity than men following exposure to a moderate dose of alcohol which could indicate that women are better than men at processing affectively laden stimuli when intoxicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S McKenna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, Health Sciences, La Jolla, California, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Robert M Anthenelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, Health Sciences, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, Health Sciences, La Jolla, California, USA
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Schuckit MA, Smith TL, Danko G, Mendoza LA, Fisher HN. Latent trajectories of persistence of cannabis use across 4 decades in 329 men from the San Diego Prospective Study. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2024. [PMID: 38411197 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.23-00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE These analyses use data from a 40-year prospective study to extend information into the sixth and seventh decades of life regarding latent trajectory classes of cannabis use and predictors of those classes. METHOD Data from the San Diego Prospective Study were analyzed for 329 men of European and Hispanic ethnicity who had used cannabis at about age 23 at study entry (Time 1) and who were interviewed about every 5-years through about age 60 to 70. Latent classes of cannabis use trajectories were evaluated using latent class growth analyses, baseline predictors of class membership were determined, and significant predictors of each class were established using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Four latent classes were identified ranging from 12.5% with cannabis use at every follow-up to 25.8% with no use after Time 1. Eight of 14 Time 1 predictors differed significantly across the trajectory classes, including five (age, marital status, religious identity, intensity of cannabis use, and sensation seeking) that significantly contributed to regression analyses when all significant predictors were considered together. DISCUSSION Forty-two per percent of participants continued using cannabis long-term, including one-in-eight who used at every follow-up. Predictors of continued use and identification of those most likely to stop required gathering information on a range of demographic, prior substance use, and personality characteristics. CONCLUSION Considering potential enhanced dangers of cannabis use in later life, the high rate of continued use over four decades implies that clinicians should ask all older patients about recent cannabis use, especially if they had used in their twenties.
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Brislin SJ, Salvatore JE, Meyers JM, Kamarajan C, Plawecki MH, Edenberg HJ, Kuperman S, Tischfield J, Hesselbrock V, Anokhin AP, Chorlian DB, Schuckit MA, Nurnberger JI, Bauer L, Pandey G, Pandey AK, Kramer JR, Chan G, Porjesz B, Dick DM. Examining associations between genetic and neural risk for externalizing behaviors in adolescence and early adulthood. Psychol Med 2024; 54:267-277. [PMID: 37203444 PMCID: PMC11010461 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers have identified genetic and neural risk factors for externalizing behaviors. However, it has not yet been determined if genetic liability is conferred in part through associations with more proximal neurophysiological risk markers. METHODS Participants from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism, a large, family-based study of alcohol use disorders were genotyped and polygenic scores for externalizing (EXT PGS) were calculated. Associations with target P3 amplitude from a visual oddball task (P3) and broad endorsement of externalizing behaviors (indexed via self-report of alcohol and cannabis use, and antisocial behavior) were assessed in participants of European (EA; N = 2851) and African ancestry (AA; N = 1402). Analyses were also stratified by age (adolescents, age 12-17 and young adults, age 18-32). RESULTS The EXT PGS was significantly associated with higher levels of externalizing behaviors among EA adolescents and young adults as well as AA young adults. P3 was inversely associated with externalizing behaviors among EA young adults. EXT PGS was not significantly associated with P3 amplitude and therefore, there was no evidence that P3 amplitude indirectly accounted for the association between EXT PGS and externalizing behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Both the EXT PGS and P3 amplitude were significantly associated with externalizing behaviors among EA young adults. However, these associations with externalizing behaviors appear to be independent of each other, suggesting that they may index different facets of externalizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Brislin
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick-Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick-Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jacquelyn M. Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jay Tischfield
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick-Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Andrey P. Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David B. Chorlian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc A. Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego Medical School, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Lance Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Gayathri Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashwini K. Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John R. Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick-Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Meyers JL, McCutcheon VV, Horne-Osipenko KA, Waters LR, Barr P, Chan G, Chorlian DB, Johnson EC, Kuo SIC, Kramer JR, Dick DM, Kuperman S, Kamarajan C, Pandey G, Singman D, de Viteri SSS, Salvatore JE, Bierut LJ, Foroud T, Goate A, Hesselbrock V, Nurnberger J, Plaweck MH, Schuckit MA, Agrawal A, Edenberg HJ, Bucholz KK, Porjesz B. COVID-19 pandemic stressors are associated with reported increases in frequency of drunkenness among individuals with a history of alcohol use disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:311. [PMID: 37803048 PMCID: PMC10558437 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02577-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Some sources report increases in alcohol use have been observed since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among women. Cross-sectional studies suggest that specific COVID-19-related stressful experiences (e.g., social disconnection) may be driving such increases in the general population. Few studies have explored these topics among individuals with a history of Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD), an especially vulnerable population. Drawing on recent data collected by the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA; COVID-19 study N = 1651, 62% women, age range: 30-91) in conjunction with AUD history data collected on the sample since 1990, we investigated associations of COVID-19 related stressors and coping activities with changes in drunkenness frequency since the start of the pandemic. Analyses were conducted for those without a history of AUD (N: 645) and three groups of participants with a history of AUD prior to the start of the pandemic: (1) those experiencing AUD symptoms (N: 606), (2) those in remission who were drinking (N: 231), and (3) those in remission who were abstinent (had not consumed alcohol for 5+ years; N: 169). Gender-stratified models were also examined. Exploratory analyses examined the moderating effects of 'problematic alcohol use' polygenic risk scores (PRS) and neural connectivity (i.e., posterior interhemispheric alpha EEG coherence) on associations between COVID-19 stressors and coping activities with changes in the frequency of drunkenness. Increases in drunkenness frequency since the start of the pandemic were higher among those with a lifetime AUD diagnosis experiencing symptoms prior to the start of the pandemic (14% reported increased drunkenness) when compared to those without a history of AUD (5% reported increased drunkenness). Among individuals in remission from AUD prior to the start of the pandemic, rates of increased drunkenness were 10% for those who were drinking pre-pandemic and 4% for those who had previously been abstinent. Across all groups, women reported nominally greater increases in drunkenness frequency when compared with men, although only women experiencing pre-pandemic AUD symptoms reported significantly greater rates of increased drunkenness since the start of the pandemic compared to men in this group (17% of women vs. 5% of men). Among those without a prior history of AUD, associations between COVID-19 risk and protective factors with increases in drunkenness frequency were not observed. Among all groups with a history of AUD (including those with AUD symptoms and those remitted from AUD), perceived stress was associated with increases in drunkenness. Among the remitted-abstinent group, essential worker status was associated with increases in drunkenness. Gender differences in these associations were observed: among women in the remitted-abstinent group, essential worker status, perceived stress, media consumption, and decreased social interactions were associated with increases in drunkenness. Among men in the remitted-drinking group, perceived stress was associated with increases in drunkenness, and increased relationship quality was associated with decreases in drunkenness. Exploratory analyses indicated that associations between family illness or death with increases in drunkenness and increased relationship quality with decreases in drunkenness were more pronounced among the remitted-drinking participants with higher PRS. Associations between family illness or death, media consumption, and economic hardships with increases in drunkenness and healthy coping with decreases in drunkenness were more pronounced among the remitted-abstinent group with lower interhemispheric alpha EEG connectivity. Our results demonstrated that only individuals with pre-pandemic AUD symptoms reported greater increases in drunkenness frequency since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to those without a lifetime history of AUD. This increase was more pronounced among women than men in this group. However, COVID-19-related stressors and coping activities were associated with changes in the frequency of drunkenness among all groups of participants with a prior history of AUD, including those experiencing AUD symptoms, as well as abstinent and non-abstinent participants in remission. Perceived stress, essential worker status, media consumption, social connections (especially for women), and relationship quality (especially for men) are specific areas of focus for designing intervention and prevention strategies aimed at reducing pandemic-related alcohol misuse among this particularly vulnerable group. Interestingly, these associations were not observed for individuals without a prior history of AUD, supporting prior literature that demonstrates that widespread stressors (e.g., pandemics, terrorist attacks) disproportionately impact the mental health and alcohol use of those with a prior history of problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Kristina A Horne-Osipenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence R Waters
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Peter Barr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David B Chorlian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - John R Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Gayathri Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Dzov Singman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Stacey Subbie-Saenz de Viteri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alison Goate
- Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John Nurnberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Martin H Plaweck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego Medical School, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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5
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Miller AP, Kuo SIC, Johnson EC, Tillman R, Brislin SJ, Dick DM, Kamarajan C, Kinreich S, Kramer J, McCutcheon VV, Plawecki MH, Porjesz B, Schuckit MA, Salvatore JE, Edenberg HJ, Bucholz KK, Meyers JL, Agrawal A. Diagnostic Criteria for Identifying Individuals at High Risk of Progression From Mild or Moderate to Severe Alcohol Use Disorder. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2337192. [PMID: 37815828 PMCID: PMC10565602 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.37192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (DSM-5) diagnoses of substance use disorders rely on criterion count-based approaches, disregarding severity grading indexed by individual criteria. Objective To examine correlates of alcohol use disorder (AUD) across count-based severity groups (ie, mild, moderate, mild-to-moderate, severe), identify specific diagnostic criteria indicative of greater severity, and evaluate whether specific criteria within mild-to-moderate AUD differentiate across relevant correlates and manifest in greater hazards of severe AUD development. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study involved 2 cohorts from the family-based Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) with 7 sites across the United States: cross-sectional (assessed 1991-2005) and longitudinal (assessed 2004-2019). Statistical analyses were conducted from December 2022 to June 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Sociodemographic, alcohol-related, psychiatric comorbidity, brain electroencephalography (EEG), and AUD polygenic score measures as correlates of DSM-5 AUD levels (ie, mild, moderate, severe) and criterion severity-defined mild-to-moderate AUD diagnostic groups (ie, low-risk vs high-risk mild-to-moderate). Results A total of 13 110 individuals from the cross-sectional COGA cohort (mean [SD] age, 37.8 [14.2] years) and 2818 individuals from the longitudinal COGA cohort (mean baseline [SD] age, 16.1 [3.2] years) were included. Associations with alcohol-related, psychiatric, EEG, and AUD polygenic score measures reinforced the role of increasing criterion counts as indexing severity. Yet within mild-to-moderate AUD (2-5 criteria), the presence of specific high-risk criteria (eg, withdrawal) identified a group reporting heavier drinking and greater psychiatric comorbidity even after accounting for criterion count differences. In longitudinal analyses, prior mild-to-moderate AUD characterized by endorsement of at least 1 high-risk criterion was associated with more accelerated progression to severe AUD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 11.62; 95% CI, 7.54-17.92) compared with prior mild-to-moderate AUD without endorsement of high-risk criteria (aHR, 5.64; 95% CI, 3.28-9.70), independent of criterion count. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of a combined 15 928 individuals, findings suggested that simple count-based AUD diagnostic approaches to estimating severe AUD vulnerability, which ignore heterogeneity among criteria, may be improved by emphasizing specific high-risk criteria. Such emphasis may allow better focus on individuals at the greatest risk and improve understanding of the development of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P. Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Emma C. Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Rebecca Tillman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Sarah J. Brislin
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Health Sciences University, Brooklyn
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Health Sciences University, Brooklyn
| | - John Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Vivia V. McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Health Sciences University, Brooklyn
| | - Marc A. Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego Medical School, San Diego
| | - Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Jaquelyn L. Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Health Sciences University, Brooklyn
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
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Kamarajan C, Pandey AK, Chorlian DB, Meyers JL, Kinreich S, Pandey G, Subbie-Saenz de Viteri S, Zhang J, Kuang W, Barr PB, Aliev F, Anokhin AP, Plawecki MH, Kuperman S, Almasy L, Merikangas A, Brislin SJ, Bauer L, Hesselbrock V, Chan G, Kramer J, Lai D, Hartz S, Bierut LJ, McCutcheon VV, Bucholz KK, Dick DM, Schuckit MA, Edenberg HJ, Porjesz B. Predicting Alcohol-Related Memory Problems in Older Adults: A Machine Learning Study with Multi-Domain Features. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13050427. [PMID: 37232664 DOI: 10.3390/bs13050427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory problems are common among older adults with a history of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Employing a machine learning framework, the current study investigates the use of multi-domain features to classify individuals with and without alcohol-induced memory problems. A group of 94 individuals (ages 50-81 years) with alcohol-induced memory problems (the memory group) were compared with a matched control group who did not have memory problems. The random forests model identified specific features from each domain that contributed to the classification of the memory group vs. the control group (AUC = 88.29%). Specifically, individuals from the memory group manifested a predominant pattern of hyperconnectivity across the default mode network regions except for some connections involving the anterior cingulate cortex, which were predominantly hypoconnected. Other significant contributing features were: (i) polygenic risk scores for AUD, (ii) alcohol consumption and related health consequences during the past five years, such as health problems, past negative experiences, withdrawal symptoms, and the largest number of drinks in a day during the past twelve months, and (iii) elevated neuroticism and increased harm avoidance, and fewer positive "uplift" life events. At the neural systems level, hyperconnectivity across the default mode network regions, including the connections across the hippocampal hub regions, in individuals with memory problems may indicate dysregulation in neural information processing. Overall, the study outlines the importance of utilizing multidomain features, consisting of resting-state brain connectivity data collected ~18 years ago, together with personality, life experiences, polygenic risk, and alcohol consumption and related consequences, to predict the alcohol-related memory problems that arise in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chella Kamarajan
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Ashwini K Pandey
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - David B Chorlian
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Gayathri Pandey
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Stacey Subbie-Saenz de Viteri
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Weipeng Kuang
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Peter B Barr
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Andrey P Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alison Merikangas
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah J Brislin
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Lance Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - John Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sarah Hartz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | | | - Bernice Porjesz
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
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Johnson EC, Colbert SMC, Jeffries PW, Tillman R, Bigdeli TB, Karcher NR, Chan G, Kuperman S, Meyers JL, Nurnberger JI, Plawecki MH, Degenhardt L, Martin NG, Kamarajan C, Schuckit MA, Murray RM, Dick DM, Edenberg HJ, D’Souza DC, Di Forti M, Porjesz B, Nelson EC, Agrawal A. Associations Between Cannabis Use, Polygenic Liability for Schizophrenia, and Cannabis-related Experiences in a Sample of Cannabis Users. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:778-787. [PMID: 36545904 PMCID: PMC10154717 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Risk for cannabis use and schizophrenia is influenced in part by genetic factors, and there is evidence that genetic risk for schizophrenia is associated with subclinical psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). Few studies to date have examined whether genetic risk for schizophrenia is associated with cannabis-related PLEs. STUDY DESIGN We tested whether measures of cannabis involvement and polygenic risk scores (PRS) for schizophrenia were associated with self-reported cannabis-related experiences in a sample ascertained for alcohol use disorders (AUDs), the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). We analyzed 4832 subjects (3128 of European ancestry and 1704 of African ancestry; 42% female; 74% meeting lifetime criteria for an AUD). STUDY RESULTS Cannabis use disorder (CUD) was prevalent in this analytic sample (70%), with 40% classified as mild, 25% as moderate, and 35% as severe. Polygenic risk for schizophrenia was positively associated with cannabis-related paranoia, feeling depressed or anhedonia, social withdrawal, and cognitive difficulties, even when controlling for duration of daily cannabis use, CUD, and age at first cannabis use. The schizophrenia PRS was most robustly associated with cannabis-related cognitive difficulties (β = 0.22, SE = 0.04, P = 5.2e-7). In an independent replication sample (N = 1446), associations between the schizophrenia PRS and cannabis-related experiences were in the expected direction and not statistically different in magnitude from those in the COGA sample. CONCLUSIONS Among individuals who regularly use cannabis, genetic liability for schizophrenia-even in those without clinical features-may increase the likelihood of reporting unusual experiences related to cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah M C Colbert
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Paul W Jeffries
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca Tillman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tim B Bigdeli
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Martin H Plawecki
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego Medical School, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robin M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Deepak Cyril D’Souza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Psychiatry Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Department of Social Genetics and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Elliot C Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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Schuckit MA, Smith TL, Danko G, Tear J, Hennies J, Mendoza LA, Hesselbrock V, Edenberg HJ, Hesselbrock M, Bucholz K, Chan G, Kuperman S, Francis MW, Plawecki MH. Changes over time in endorsement of 11 DSM-IV alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria in young adults with persistent or recurrent AUD in The Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken) 2023; 47:919-929. [PMID: 36924463 PMCID: PMC10308878 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endorsement of specific Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria have been shown to change significantly over time in men in their thirties who have persistent or recurrent AUD. However, few studies have documented whether the endorsement of AUD items changes over time in younger individuals or in women. We evaluated changes in the endorsement of AUD criteria in 377 men and women with persistent or recurrent AUD during their twenties. METHODS Information on AUD-item endorsement over time was available for 223 men and 154 women aged 20-25 with persistent or recurrent AUD in at least three interviews in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. The statistical significance of endorsement changes over time was evaluated using the related-sample Cochran's Q test for the full sample and for men and women separately. Additional analyses evaluated sex differences in the patterns of change. RESULTS In the full sample, the predominant pattern was for a significant increase in the rates of endorsement for six of the seven alcohol dependence criteria but not in the four abuse criteria. A similar pattern was seen within men, but women had significant changes in only three of the seven dependence criteria. CONCLUSIONS Endorsement of the seven alcohol dependence criteria among individuals with persistent or recurrent AUD in their twenties generally increased, but few changes were observed in the rates of endorsement of the four abuse criteria. These results are discussed in terms of how they reflect on the nature of AUD and the DSM criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Schuckit
- University of California, San Diego, 8950 Villa La Jolla Drive. Suite B-218, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Tom L Smith
- University of California, San Diego, 8950 Villa La Jolla Drive. Suite B-218, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - George Danko
- University of California, San Diego, 8950 Villa La Jolla Drive. Suite B-218, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Jake Tear
- University of California, San Diego, 8950 Villa La Jolla Drive. Suite B-218, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Jessica Hennies
- University of California, San Diego, 8950 Villa La Jolla Drive. Suite B-218, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Lee Anne Mendoza
- University of California, San Diego, 8950 Villa La Jolla Drive. Suite B-218, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, 263 Farmington Ave. MC-2103, Farmington, Connecticut, 06030-1410, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS4063, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202-5122, USA
| | - Michie Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, 263 Farmington Ave. MC-2103, Farmington, Connecticut, 06030-1410, USA
| | - Kathleen Bucholz
- Psychiatry, Washington Univ. School of Medicine, 4560 Clayton Ave, Suite 1000, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave, MC 2103, Farmington, Connecticut, 06030-2103, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Child Psychiatry Clinic, UIHC Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive RM#2701-C JPP, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242-1057, USA
| | - Meredith W Francis
- Department of Psychiatry, Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in Saint Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63130, USA
| | - Martin H Plawecki
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Goodman Hall, 355 West 16th Street, Suite 4800, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA
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9
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Schuckit MA, Smith TL, Danko G, Bucholz KK, Hesselbrock V, Hesselbrock M, Kuperman S, Kramer J, Nurnberger JI, Lai D, Chan G, Kamarajan C, Kuo S, Dick DM, Tear J, Mendoza LA, Edenberg HJ, Porjesz B. Do personality characteristics predict future alcohol problems after considering current demography, substance use and alcohol response? Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2023. [PMID: 37073476 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several personality traits predict future alcohol problems but also relate to demographic and substance-related variables that themselves correlate with later adverse alcohol outcomes. Few prospective studies have evaluated whether the personality measures predict alcohol problems after considering current demography and substance related variables. METHODS Data from 414 drinkers without alcohol use disorder (AUD) from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (average age 20, 44% male) were followed over an average of nine years. Time 1 (baseline) demography, AUD family history (FH), substance use and problems, and psychiatric histories were gathered using a standardized interview, the Level of Response (LR) to alcohol was measured by the Self-Report of the Effects of alcohol (SRE) questionnaire, and seven personality dimensions were extracted from the NEO Five-Factor Personality, Barratt and Zuckerman scales. Analyses involved product-moment correlations of each baseline measure with the highest number of DSM-IV AUD criteria endorsed in any follow-up period, and hierarchical regression analyses evaluated if the personality domains added significantly to the prediction of the outcome after adjusting for other baseline variables. RESULTS Significant correlations to the outcome were observed for baseline age, sex, length of follow-up, AUD family history, past cannabis use, and all alcohol-related baseline variables, including SRE-based Level of Response, but not prior mood or anxiety disorders. All personality characteristics except extraversion also correlated with outcomes. A hierarchical regression analysis that included all relevant personality scores together demonstrated significant contributions to the prediction of future alcohol problems for demography in Step 1, demography and most baseline alcohol items, including response level, in Step 2, and cannabis use in Step 3, after which demography, Level of Response, baseline alcohol problems, cannabis use, and higher sensation seeking added significantly in Step 4. Regression for each personality domain separately revealed significant contributions to Step 4 for all personality domains except openness. CONCLUSIONS Most tested personality scores contributed to predictions of later alcohol problems even after considering baseline demography and substance use. Lower Levels of Response to alcohol added significantly to all regression analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Schuckit
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 8950 Villa La Jolla Drive. Suite B-218, La Jolla, CA
| | - Tom L Smith
- University of California, San Diego, 8950 Villa La Jolla Drive. Suite B-218, La Jolla, CA
| | - George Danko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Washington Univ. School of Medicine, Psychiatry, 4560 Clayton Ave. Suite 1000, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- University of Connecticut, Department of Psychiatry, 263 Farmington Ave. MC-2103, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Michie Hesselbrock
- University of Connecticut, Department of Psychiatry, 263 Farmington Ave. MC-2013, Farmington, CT
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- The University of Iowa, Child Psychiatry Clinic, UIHC Department of Psychiatry, 200 Hawkins Drive RM#2701-C JPP, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John Kramer
- University of Iowa, Psychiatry, Medical Education Building, Iowa City, IA
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 791 Union Drive, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W. 10th. St. Indianapolis, IN
| | - Grace Chan
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Psychiatry, 263 Farmington Ave, MC 2103, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, 450 Clarkson Ave, Box 1203, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Sally Kuo
- Virginia Commonwealth University, VCU Psychology, 8 N. Harrison Street, Richmond, VA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Psychiatry, 671 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, New, Jersey
| | - Jake Tear
- University of California, Department of Psychiatry, 8950 Villa La Jolla Drive. Suite B-218, La Jolla, CA
| | - Lee A Mendoza
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 8950 Villa La Jolla Drive. Suite B-218, La Jolla, CA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS4063, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- State University of New York, Downstate, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 450 Clarkson Avenue Box 1203, Brooklyn, NY, UNITED STATES
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10
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Thomas NS, Salvatore JE, Kuo SIC, Aliev F, McCutcheon VV, Meyers JM, Bucholz KK, Brislin SJ, Chan G, Edenberg HJ, Kamarajan C, Kramer JR, Kuperman S, Pandey G, Plawecki MH, Schuckit MA, Dick DM. Genetic nurture effects for alcohol use disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:759-766. [PMID: 36253439 PMCID: PMC10079179 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We tested whether aspects of the childhood/adolescent home environment mediate genetic risk for alcohol problems within families across generations. Parental relationship discord and parental divorce were the focal environments examined. The sample included participants of European ancestry (N = 4806, 51% female) and African ancestry (N = 1960, 52% female) from the high-risk Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. Alcohol outcomes in the child generation included lifetime criterion counts for DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), lifetime maximum drinks in 24 h, age at initiation of regular drinking, and age at first alcohol intoxication. Predictors in the parent generation included relationship discord, divorce, alcohol measures parallel to those in the child generation, and polygenic scores for alcohol problems. Parental polygenic scores were partitioned into alleles that were transmitted and non-transmitted to the child. The results from structural equation models were consistent with genetic nurture effects in European ancestry families. Exposure to parental relationship discord and parental divorce mediated, in part, the transmission of genetic risk for alcohol problems from parents to children to predict earlier ages regular drinking (βindirect = -0.018 [-0.026, -0.011]) and intoxication (βindirect = -0.015 [-0.023, -0.008]), greater lifetime maximum drinks (βindirect = 0.006 [0.002, 0.01]) and more lifetime AUD criteria (βindirect = 0.011 [0.006, 0.016]). In contrast, there was no evidence that parental alleles had indirect effects on offspring alcohol outcomes via parental relationship discord or divorce in the smaller number of families of African ancestry. In conclusion, parents transmit genetic risk for alcohol problems to their children not only directly, but also indirectly via genetically influenced aspects of the home environment. Further investigation of genetic nurture in non-European samples is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel S Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jacquelyn M Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah J Brislin
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - John R Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Gayathri Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego Medical School, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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11
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Barr PB, Driver MN, Kuo SIC, Stephenson M, Aliev F, Linnér RK, Marks J, Anokhin AP, Bucholz K, Chan G, Edenberg HJ, Edwards AC, Francis MW, Hancock DB, Harden KP, Kamarajan C, Kaprio J, Kinreich S, Kramer JR, Kuperman S, Latvala A, Meyers JL, Palmer AA, Plawecki MH, Porjesz B, Rose RJ, Schuckit MA, Salvatore JE, Dick DM. Clinical, environmental, and genetic risk factors for substance use disorders: characterizing combined effects across multiple cohorts. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4633-4641. [PMID: 36195638 PMCID: PMC9938102 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) incur serious social and personal costs. The risk for SUDs is complex, with risk factors ranging from social conditions to individual genetic variation. We examined whether models that include a clinical/environmental risk index (CERI) and polygenic scores (PGS) are able to identify individuals at increased risk of SUD in young adulthood across four longitudinal cohorts for a combined sample of N = 15,134. Our analyses included participants of European (NEUR = 12,659) and African (NAFR = 2475) ancestries. SUD outcomes included: (1) alcohol dependence, (2) nicotine dependence; (3) drug dependence, and (4) any substance dependence. In the models containing the PGS and CERI, the CERI was associated with all three outcomes (ORs = 01.37-1.67). PGS for problematic alcohol use, externalizing, and smoking quantity were associated with alcohol dependence, drug dependence, and nicotine dependence, respectively (OR = 1.11-1.33). PGS for problematic alcohol use and externalizing were also associated with any substance dependence (ORs = 1.09-1.18). The full model explained 6-13% of the variance in SUDs. Those in the top 10% of CERI and PGS had relative risk ratios of 3.86-8.04 for each SUD relative to the bottom 90%. Overall, the combined measures of clinical, environmental, and genetic risk demonstrated modest ability to distinguish between affected and unaffected individuals in young adulthood. PGS were significant but added little in addition to the clinical/environmental risk index. Results from our analysis demonstrate there is still considerable work to be done before tools such as these are ready for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Barr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | - Morgan N Driver
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Mallory Stephenson
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Rutgers Addiction Research Center, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Jesse Marks
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrey P Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathleen Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alexis C Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Meredith W Francis
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dana B Hancock
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - K Paige Harden
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - John R Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Antti Latvala
- Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Martin H Plawecki
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Richard J Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Rutgers Addiction Research Center, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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12
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Ehlers CL, Schuckit MA, Hesselbrock V, Gilder DA, Wills D, Bucholz K. The clinical course of antisocial behaviors in men and women of three racial groups. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 151:319-327. [PMID: 35533515 PMCID: PMC9744109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To describe the clinical course and symptom profile of DSM-IV Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) and the syndrome of Adult Antisocial Behavior Syndrome (AABS) and determine if they differ based on sex and race. METHODS Using questions from a validated semi-structured interview, data were gathered from 2 independent family studies in: 1) American Indians (AI), and 2) European Americans (EA), African Americans (AA) (total n = 7171) who reported antisocial symptoms. RESULTS Within these two samples 1148 (16%) individuals met ASPD criteria, 1932 (27%) met adult ASPD but not childhood conduct disorder (CD) (i.e., AABS). The clinical course of the antisocial behaviors studied did not differ based on race or sex; however, individual symptom counts, and age of onsets of those symptoms, were significantly different across the groups. Women reported fewer symptoms and at an older age (less fights, school suspensions/expulsions, arrests or jail time), than men but were more likely to run away from home. Those with ASPD vs. AABS had more symptoms overall including not experiencing remorse. AA and AI participants and those with ASPD, had more symptoms, and were more likely to be suspended/expelled from school and arrested at a younger age than EA. CONCLUSION In these select samples, the order and sequence of antisocial behaviors did not differ by race, AASB vs. ASPD, or sex; however individual symptom endorsement did, with men (vs. women), those with ASPD (vs. AABS), AI and AA (vs. EA) reporting more suspensions/expulsions from school and arrests. This suggests further study of the possible role of race and sex in the consequences associated with antisocial syndromes is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy L. Ehlers
- Department of Neurosciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Farmington, CT
| | - David A. Gilder
- Department of Neurosciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Derek Wills
- Department of Neurosciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
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Thomas NS, Kuo SIC, Aliev F, McCutcheon VV, Meyers JM, Chan G, Hesselbrock V, Kamarajan C, Kinreich S, Kramer JR, Kuperman S, Lai D, Plawecki MH, Porjesz B, Schuckit MA, Dick DM, Bucholz KK, Salvatore JE. Alcohol use disorder, psychiatric comorbidities, marriage and divorce in a high-risk sample. Psychol Addict Behav 2022; 36:364-374. [PMID: 35617219 PMCID: PMC9247836 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between alcohol use disorder (AUD), its psychiatric comorbidities, and their interactions, with marital outcomes in a diverse high-risk, genetically informative sample. METHOD Participants included European ancestry (EA; n = 4,045) and African ancestry (AA; n = 1,550) individuals from the multigenerational Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) sample (56% female, Mage ∼ 41 years). Outcomes were lifetime marriage and divorce. Predictors included lifetime AUD, an alcohol problems polygenic score (PRS), and AUD comorbidities, including conduct or antisocial personality disorder (ASP), cannabis dependence/abuse (CAN), frequent tobacco use (TOB), and major depressive disorder (MDD). Mixed effect Cox models and generalized linear mixed effects models were fit. RESULTS Among EA participants, those with AUD and CAN were less likely to marry (hazard ratios [HRs] 0.70-0.83, ps < 0.01). Among AA participants, those with AUD and TOB were less likely to marry (HRs 0.66-0.82, ps < 0.05) and those with MDD were more likely to marry (HR = 1.34, ps < 0.01). Among EA participants, AUD, CAN, TOB, and MDD were associated with higher odds of divorce (odds ratios [ORs] 1.59-2.21, ps < 0.01). Among AA participants, no predictors were significantly associated with divorce. Significant random effects indicated genetic and environmental influences on marriage, but only environmental factors on divorce. CONCLUSIONS In a high-risk sample, AUD was associated with reduced likelihood of marriage in EA and AA individuals and increased risk of divorce in EA individuals. These associations were largely independent of comorbidities. Genetic and environmental background factors contributed to marriage, while only environmental background factors contributed to divorce. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | | | - Jacquelyn M. Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine
| | | | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center
| | | | | | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University
| | | | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center
| | - Marc A. Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego Medical School
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | | | - Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University
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14
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McKenna BS, Anthenelli RM, Smith TL, Schuckit MA. Low versus high level of response to alcohol affects amygdala functional connectivity during processing of emotional stimuli. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:66-76. [PMID: 35064942 PMCID: PMC8820383 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of response (low LR) to alcohol predict heavy drinking and alcohol problems. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of emotion processing have shown that low LR individuals exhibit lower activation in task-related brain regions following both placebo and alcohol administration, but these studies did not examine functional brain networks that might contribute to the phenomena. The current study expands upon the earlier results by evaluating whether functional connectivity differences between the amygdala and other brain regions modulated by emotional face processing are associated with LR. Based on prior findings, we hypothesized that low LR is related to lower functional connectivity in fronto-amygdalar functional circuits, which underlie the processing of emotional stimuli. METHODS Secondary analyses were conducted on data from a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects, cross-over study in 108 18-to-25-year-old low and high LR sex-matched pairs without alcohol use disorder at baseline. Participants performed modified emotional faces processing tasks after receiving placebo or approximately 0.7 ml/kg of ethanol. Psychophysiological interaction analyses examined functional connectivity between left and right amygdalae and related brain circuits using LR-by-alcohol general linear models. The data included 54 sex-matched pairs with 216 fMRI scans comprising alcohol and placebo conditions. RESULTS Compared with individuals with high LR, low LR subjects demonstrated lower functional connectivity between the amygdala and the frontal lobes, insula, and parietal regions, while processing angry and happy faces. Interactions showed lower connectivity following alcohol in low LR and higher connectivity in high LR groups. CONCLUSIONS Low LR individuals demonstrated lower functional connectivity in response both to placebo and a modest dose of ethanol. Attenuated connectivity among low LR individuals when processing emotional faces may contribute to an impaired ability to recognize alcohol intoxication in social situations and to appraise angry and happy emotions irrespective of whether alcohol is consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S McKenna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, Health Sciences, La Jolla, California, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Robert M Anthenelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, Health Sciences, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tom L Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, Health Sciences, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, Health Sciences, La Jolla, California, USA
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Abstract
This article is part of a Festschrift commemorating the 50th anniversary of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). Established in 1970, first as part of the National Institute of Mental Health and later as an independent institute of the National Institutes of Health, NIAAA today is the world's largest funding agency for alcohol research. In addition to its own intramural research program, NIAAA supports the entire spectrum of innovative basic, translational, and clinical research to advance the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of alcohol use disorder and alcohol-related problems. To celebrate the anniversary, NIAAA hosted a 2-day symposium, "Alcohol Across the Lifespan: 50 Years of Evidence-Based Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment Research," devoted to key topics within the field of alcohol research. This article is based on Dr. Schuckit's presentation at the event. NIAAA Director George F. Koob, Ph.D., serves as editor of the Festschrift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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16
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Schuckit MA, Smith TL. Endorsement of specific alcohol use disorder criterion items changes with age in individuals with persistent alcohol use disorders in 2 generations of the San Diego Prospective Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:2059-2068. [PMID: 34699073 PMCID: PMC8602760 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria are written in broad enough terms to apply to diverse populations. The current analyses evaluate whether the endorsement of criteria changes with increasing age in individuals with persistent AUDs. METHODS Data regarding AUDs persisting across 3 timepoints between average ages of 31 and 43 were gathered about every 5 years from 318 interviews for 106 San Diego Prospective Study (SDPS) AUD male probands. Similar data regarding persistent AUDs across 2 timepoints were obtained from 136 interviews with 68 SDPS AUD offspring between average ages of 21 and 27. Changes in the endorsement of each AUD criterion were evaluated using Cochran's Q test. RESULTS For AUD probands across time, significant decreases were observed in the proportions endorsing 4 criteria (tolerance, withdrawal, failure to fulfill obligations, and using alcohol in hazardous situations). Increased rates of endorsement were documented for 3 criteria (drinking alcohol in higher amounts or for longer periods of time, spending a great deal of time regarding alcohol, and continued use despite social or interpersonal problems). Significant increases in rates of endorsements for offspring were seen for spending a great deal of time regarding alcohol and giving up or reducing important activities in order to drink. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that the salience of many DSM AUD criterion items changed significantly with age in both SDPS generations among individuals with persistent AUDs. The current results support the need for additional systematic research to determine whether specific criterion items might need to be weighted differently in evaluating older and younger individuals with persistent AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tom L Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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17
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Schuckit MA, Smith TL, Clarke DF. Cross-sectional and prospective associations of drinking characteristics with scores from the Self-Report of the Effects of Alcohol questionnaire and findings from alcohol challenges. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:2282-2293. [PMID: 34523737 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from 2 generations of participants in the San Diego Prospective Study (SDPS) were used to compare cross-sectional and prospective relationships of 5 measures of the low level of response (low LR) to alcohol to 2 key alcohol-related outcomes. METHODS The analyses used data from 373 SDPS male probands and 158 male and female offspring of these individuals to evaluate relationships of 5 LR measures to the prior 5-year maximum drinks per occasion and the number of 11 DSM-IV alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria experienced. Probands' LR measures included responses to alcohol challenges administered 15 years previously, and ratings for both generations included measures of the number of standard drinks during four periods: the first five times of drinking (SRE-5), the prior three drinking months (SRE-3), the period of heaviest drinking (SRE-H), and a total average across all time frames (SRE-T). Analyses included zero-order correlations, correlations using covariates, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses. RESULTS All 5 LR measures were correlated with aspects of maximum drinks and the number of AUD criteria, but the most robust results were seen for SRE-3 and maximum drinks. Correlations were less consistent for SRE-5, a measure more closely related to outcomes in the offspring. Hierarchical regression analyses supported most of these conclusions and showed that alcohol challenge-based LRs added significant information regarding maximum drinks even when evaluated with SRE values. The close correlation between SRE-H and SRE-T argues against the need for studies to include both measures. The patterns of results were similar irrespective of whether covariates were included. CONCLUSIONS There were significant correlations of maximum drinks and the number of AUD criteria with findings from prior alcohol challenges and all SRE scores. Challenges and SRE reports are related but not identical LR measures. All SRE scores, including SRE-5, offered useful information regarding subsequent drinking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tom L Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Dennis F Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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18
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Anthenelli RM, McKenna BS, Smith TL, Schuckit MA. Relationship between level of response to alcohol and acute tolerance. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:1504-1513. [PMID: 34086362 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A low level of response (low LR) to alcohol correlates with the later development of alcohol-related problems. Although some of the underpinnings of LR are understood, little is known about the potential relationship between LR and acute tolerance. The current analyses tested the hypothesis that a low LR will be explained in part by more intense acute tolerance to alcohol during a drinking session. METHODS Data were generated through a reanalysis of data from 120 individuals who were 18- to 25-year-old, sex-matched pairs of low and high LR drinkers who at baseline did not meet criteria for an alcohol use disorder. Each subject participated in an oral alcohol challenge in which they consumed about 0.7 ml ethanol per kg and acute tolerance was measured as the differences in alcohol's effects at similar breath alcohol levels (BrACs) during the rising and falling breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) curve. Measures included aspects of the Subjective High Assessment Scale (SHAS) and body sway. RESULTS Contrary to our hypothesis, but similar to results with other alcohol measures, acute tolerance was significantly attenuated in low LR compared with high LR individuals on most SHAS scores. Neither LR group demonstrated acute tolerance to alcohol for sleepiness or body sway. Men and women did not differ on any of these measures. CONCLUSION These data do not support a role of acute tolerance in the low LR to alcohol as measured by subjective feelings of intoxication or body sway in these subjects, findings that were similar across males and females. In addition, consistent with the literature, the analyses demonstrated differences across measures such that acute tolerance was observed for most measures of subjective effects but not for body sway. Among the subjective effects, acute tolerance was observed for alcohol's intoxicating effect but not for feeling sleepy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Anthenelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, Health Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin S McKenna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, Health Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tom L Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, Health Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, Health Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
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19
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Johnson EC, Sanchez-Roige S, Acion L, Adams MJ, Bucholz KK, Chan G, Chao MJ, Chorlian DB, Dick DM, Edenberg HJ, Foroud T, Hayward C, Heron J, Hesselbrock V, Hickman M, Kendler KS, Kinreich S, Kramer J, Kuo SIC, Kuperman S, Lai D, McIntosh AM, Meyers JL, Plawecki MH, Porjesz B, Porteous D, Schuckit MA, Su J, Zang Y, Palmer AA, Agrawal A, Clarke TK, Edwards AC. Polygenic contributions to alcohol use and alcohol use disorders across population-based and clinically ascertained samples. Psychol Med 2021; 51:1147-1156. [PMID: 31955720 PMCID: PMC7405725 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719004045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorders have distinct genetic backgrounds. METHODS We examined whether polygenic risk scores (PRS) for consumption and problem subscales of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C, AUDIT-P) in the UK Biobank (UKB; N = 121 630) correlate with alcohol outcomes in four independent samples: an ascertained cohort, the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA; N = 6850), and population-based cohorts: Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; N = 5911), Generation Scotland (GS; N = 17 461), and an independent subset of UKB (N = 245 947). Regression models and survival analyses tested whether the PRS were associated with the alcohol-related outcomes. RESULTS In COGA, AUDIT-P PRS was associated with alcohol dependence, AUD symptom count, maximum drinks (R2 = 0.47-0.68%, p = 2.0 × 10-8-1.0 × 10-10), and increased likelihood of onset of alcohol dependence (hazard ratio = 1.15, p = 4.7 × 10-8); AUDIT-C PRS was not an independent predictor of any phenotype. In ALSPAC, the AUDIT-C PRS was associated with alcohol dependence (R2 = 0.96%, p = 4.8 × 10-6). In GS, AUDIT-C PRS was a better predictor of weekly alcohol use (R2 = 0.27%, p = 5.5 × 10-11), while AUDIT-P PRS was more associated with problem drinking (R2 = 0.40%, p = 9.0 × 10-7). Lastly, AUDIT-P PRS was associated with ICD-based alcohol-related disorders in the UKB subset (R2 = 0.18%, p < 2.0 × 10-16). CONCLUSIONS AUDIT-P PRS was associated with a range of alcohol-related phenotypes across population-based and ascertained cohorts, while AUDIT-C PRS showed less utility in the ascertained cohort. We show that AUDIT-P is genetically correlated with both use and misuse and demonstrate the influence of ascertainment schemes on PRS analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Laura Acion
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mark J Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Michael J Chao
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David B Chorlian
- Department of Psychiatry, Suny Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jon Heron
- University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, Bristol, UK
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Matthew Hickman
- University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, Bristol, UK
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Department of Psychiatry, Suny Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - John Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry, Suny Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Martin H Plawecki
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry, Suny Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - David Porteous
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jinni Su
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Yong Zang
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of California San Diego, Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Toni-Kim Clarke
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alexis C Edwards
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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20
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Kinreich S, Meyers JL, Maron-Katz A, Kamarajan C, Pandey AK, Chorlian DB, Zhang J, Pandey G, Subbie-Saenz de Viteri S, Pitti D, Anokhin AP, Bauer L, Hesselbrock V, Schuckit MA, Edenberg HJ, Porjesz B. Predicting risk for Alcohol Use Disorder using longitudinal data with multimodal biomarkers and family history: a machine learning study. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1133-1141. [PMID: 31595034 PMCID: PMC7138692 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0534-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Predictive models have succeeded in distinguishing between individuals with Alcohol use Disorder (AUD) and controls. However, predictive models identifying who is prone to develop AUD and the biomarkers indicating a predisposition to AUD are still unclear. Our sample (n = 656) included offspring and non-offspring of European American (EA) and African American (AA) ancestry from the Collaborative Study of the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) who were recruited as early as age 12 and were unaffected at first assessment and reassessed years later as AUD (DSM-5) (n = 328) or unaffected (n = 328). Machine learning analysis was performed for 220 EEG measures, 149 alcohol-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a recent large Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) of alcohol use/misuse and two family history (mother DSM-5 AUD and father DSM-5 AUD) features using supervised, Linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier to test which features assessed before developing AUD predict those who go on to develop AUD. Age, gender, and ancestry stratified analyses were performed. Results indicate significant and higher accuracy rates for the AA compared with the EA prediction models and a higher model accuracy trend among females compared with males for both ancestries. Combined EEG and SNP features model outperformed models based on only EEG features or only SNP features for both EA and AA samples. This multidimensional superiority was confirmed in a follow-up analysis in the AA age groups (12-15, 16-19, 20-30) and EA age group (16-19). In both ancestry samples, the youngest age group achieved higher accuracy score than the two other older age groups. Maternal AUD increased the model's accuracy in both ancestries' samples. Several discriminative EEG measures and SNPs features were identified, including lower posterior gamma, higher slow wave connectivity (delta, theta, alpha), higher frontal gamma ratio, higher beta correlation in the parietal area, and 5 SNPs: rs4780836, rs2605140, rs11690265, rs692854, and rs13380649. Results highlight the significance of sampling uniformity followed by stratified (e.g., ancestry, gender, developmental period) analysis, and wider selection of features, to generate better prediction scores allowing a more accurate estimation of AUD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Kinreich
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Adi Maron-Katz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Ashwini K Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - David B Chorlian
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Gayathri Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Dan Pitti
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Andrey P Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lance Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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21
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Kinreich S, McCutcheon VV, Aliev F, Meyers JL, Kamarajan C, Pandey AK, Chorlian DB, Zhang J, Kuang W, Pandey G, Viteri SSSD, Francis MW, Chan G, Bourdon JL, Dick DM, Anokhin AP, Bauer L, Hesselbrock V, Schuckit MA, Nurnberger JI, Foroud TM, Salvatore JE, Bucholz KK, Porjesz B. Predicting alcohol use disorder remission: a longitudinal multimodal multi-featured machine learning approach. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:166. [PMID: 33723218 PMCID: PMC7960734 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01281-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Predictive models for recovering from alcohol use disorder (AUD) and identifying related predisposition biomarkers can have a tremendous impact on addiction treatment outcomes and cost reduction. Our sample (N = 1376) included individuals of European (EA) and African (AA) ancestry from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) who were initially assessed as having AUD (DSM-5) and reassessed years later as either having AUD or in remission. To predict this difference in AUD recovery status, we analyzed the initial data using multimodal, multi-features machine learning applications including EEG source-level functional brain connectivity, Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS), medications, and demographic information. Sex and ancestry age-matched stratified analyses were performed with supervised linear Support Vector Machine application and were calculated twice, once when the ancestry was defined by self-report and once defined by genetic data. Multifeatured prediction models achieved higher accuracy scores than models based on a single domain and higher scores in male models when the ancestry was based on genetic data. The AA male group model with PRS, EEG functional connectivity, marital and employment status features achieved the highest accuracy of 86.04%. Several discriminative features were identified, including collections of PRS related to neuroticism, depression, aggression, years of education, and alcohol consumption phenotypes. Other discriminated features included being married, employed, medication, lower default mode network and fusiform connectivity, and higher insula connectivity. Results highlight the importance of increasing genetic homogeneity of analyzed groups, identifying sex, and ancestry-specific features to increase prediction scores revealing biomarkers related to AUD remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Kinreich
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Karabük, Turkey
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Ashwini K Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - David B Chorlian
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Weipeng Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Gayathri Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Meredith W Francis
- Brown School of Social Work / Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jessica L Bourdon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Andrey P Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lance Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics at Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Munn‐Chernoff MA, Johnson EC, Chou Y, Coleman JR, Thornton LM, Walters RK, Yilmaz Z, Baker JH, Hübel C, Gordon S, Medland SE, Watson HJ, Gaspar HA, Bryois J, Hinney A, Leppä VM, Mattheisen M, Ripke S, Yao S, Giusti‐Rodríguez P, Hanscombe KB, Adan RA, Alfredsson L, Ando T, Andreassen OA, Berrettini WH, Boehm I, Boni C, Boraska Perica V, Buehren K, Burghardt R, Cassina M, Cichon S, Clementi M, Cone RD, Courtet P, Crow S, Crowley JJ, Danner UN, Davis OS, Zwaan M, Dedoussis G, Degortes D, DeSocio JE, Dick DM, Dikeos D, Dina C, Dmitrzak‐Weglarz M, Docampo E, Duncan LE, Egberts K, Ehrlich S, Escaramís G, Esko T, Estivill X, Farmer A, Favaro A, Fernández‐Aranda F, Fichter MM, Fischer K, Föcker M, Foretova L, Forstner AJ, Forzan M, Franklin CS, Gallinger S, Giegling I, Giuranna J, Gonidakis F, Gorwood P, Gratacos Mayora M, Guillaume S, Guo Y, Hakonarson H, Hatzikotoulas K, Hauser J, Hebebrand J, Helder SG, Herms S, Herpertz‐Dahlmann B, Herzog W, Huckins LM, Hudson JI, Imgart H, Inoko H, Janout V, Jiménez‐Murcia S, Julià A, Kalsi G, Kaminská D, Karhunen L, Karwautz A, Kas MJ, Kennedy JL, Keski‐Rahkonen A, Kiezebrink K, Kim Y, Klump KL, Knudsen GPS, La Via MC, Le Hellard S, Levitan RD, Li D, Lilenfeld L, Lin BD, Lissowska J, Luykx J, Magistretti PJ, Maj M, Mannik K, Marsal S, Marshall CR, Mattingsdal M, McDevitt S, McGuffin P, Metspalu A, Meulenbelt I, Micali N, Mitchell K, Monteleone AM, Monteleone P, Nacmias B, Navratilova M, Ntalla I, O'Toole JK, Ophoff RA, Padyukov L, Palotie A, Pantel J, Papezova H, Pinto D, Rabionet R, Raevuori A, Ramoz N, Reichborn‐Kjennerud T, Ricca V, Ripatti S, Ritschel F, Roberts M, Rotondo A, Rujescu D, Rybakowski F, Santonastaso P, Scherag A, Scherer SW, Schmidt U, Schork NJ, Schosser A, Seitz J, Slachtova L, Slagboom PE, Slof‐Op't Landt MC, Slopien A, Sorbi S, Świątkowska B, Szatkiewicz JP, Tachmazidou I, Tenconi E, Tortorella A, Tozzi F, Treasure J, Tsitsika A, Tyszkiewicz‐Nwafor M, Tziouvas K, Elburg AA, Furth EF, Wagner G, Walton E, Widen E, Zeggini E, Zerwas S, Zipfel S, Bergen AW, Boden JM, Brandt H, Crawford S, Halmi KA, Horwood LJ, Johnson C, Kaplan AS, Kaye WH, Mitchell J, Olsen CM, Pearson JF, Pedersen NL, Strober M, Werge T, Whiteman DC, Woodside DB, Grove J, Henders AK, Larsen JT, Parker R, Petersen LV, Jordan J, Kennedy MA, Birgegård A, Lichtenstein P, Norring C, Landén M, Mortensen PB, Polimanti R, McClintick JN, Adkins AE, Aliev F, Bacanu S, Batzler A, Bertelsen S, Biernacka JM, Bigdeli TB, Chen L, Clarke T, Degenhardt F, Docherty AR, Edwards AC, Foo JC, Fox L, Frank J, Hack LM, Hartmann AM, Hartz SM, Heilmann‐Heimbach S, Hodgkinson C, Hoffmann P, Hottenga J, Konte B, Lahti J, Lahti‐Pulkkinen M, Lai D, Ligthart L, Loukola A, Maher BS, Mbarek H, McIntosh AM, McQueen MB, Meyers JL, Milaneschi Y, Palviainen T, Peterson RE, Ryu E, Saccone NL, Salvatore JE, Sanchez‐Roige S, Schwandt M, Sherva R, Streit F, Strohmaier J, Thomas N, Wang J, Webb BT, Wedow R, Wetherill L, Wills AG, Zhou H, Boardman JD, Chen D, Choi D, Copeland WE, Culverhouse RC, Dahmen N, Degenhardt L, Domingue BW, Frye MA, Gäebel W, Hayward C, Ising M, Keyes M, Kiefer F, Koller G, Kramer J, Kuperman S, Lucae S, Lynskey MT, Maier W, Mann K, Männistö S, Müller‐Myhsok B, Murray AD, Nurnberger JI, Preuss U, Räikkönen K, Reynolds MD, Ridinger M, Scherbaum N, Schuckit MA, Soyka M, Treutlein J, Witt SH, Wodarz N, Zill P, Adkins DE, Boomsma DI, Bierut LJ, Brown SA, Bucholz KK, Costello EJ, Wit H, Diazgranados N, Eriksson JG, Farrer LA, Foroud TM, Gillespie NA, Goate AM, Goldman D, Grucza RA, Hancock DB, Harris KM, Hesselbrock V, Hewitt JK, Hopfer CJ, Iacono WG, Johnson EO, Karpyak VM, Kendler KS, Kranzler HR, Krauter K, Lind PA, McGue M, MacKillop J, Madden PA, Maes HH, Magnusson PK, Nelson EC, Nöthen MM, Palmer AA, Penninx BW, Porjesz B, Rice JP, Rietschel M, Riley BP, Rose RJ, Shen P, Silberg J, Stallings MC, Tarter RE, Vanyukov MM, Vrieze S, Wall TL, Whitfield JB, Zhao H, Neale BM, Wade TD, Heath AC, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Sullivan PF, Kaprio J, Breen G, Gelernter J, Edenberg HJ, Bulik CM, Agrawal A. Shared genetic risk between eating disorder‐ and substance‐use‐related phenotypes: Evidence from genome‐wide association studies. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12880. [DOI: 10.1111/adb.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Munn‐Chernoff
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Emma C. Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Yi‐Ling Chou
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Jonathan R.I. Coleman
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre King's College London and South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust London UK
| | - Laura M. Thornton
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Raymond K. Walters
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Zeynep Yilmaz
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Department of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Jessica H. Baker
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre King's College London and South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust London UK
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Scott Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Hunna J. Watson
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- School of Psychology Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Héléna A. Gaspar
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre King's College London and South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust London UK
| | - Julien Bryois
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Virpi M. Leppä
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services Stockholm County Council Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy University of Würzburg Germany
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany
| | - Shuyang Yao
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Paola Giusti‐Rodríguez
- Department of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Ken B. Hanscombe
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics King's College London, Guy's Hospital London UK
| | - Roger A.H. Adan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
- Center for Eating Disorders Rintveld Altrecht Mental Health Institute Zeist The Netherlands
- Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Tetsuya Ando
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Kodaira Tokyo Japan
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT Centre University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Wade H. Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Ilka Boehm
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Claudette Boni
- Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience INSERM U894 Paris France
| | - Vesna Boraska Perica
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge UK
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine University of Split Split Croatia
| | - Katharina Buehren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | | | - Matteo Cassina
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health University of Padova Italy
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐1) Research Center Juelich Germany
| | - Maurizio Clementi
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health University of Padova Italy
| | - Roger D. Cone
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Life Sciences Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Philippe Courtet
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post‐Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier University of Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Scott Crow
- Department of Psychiatry University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - James J. Crowley
- Department of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Unna N. Danner
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld Altrecht Mental Health Institute Zeist The Netherlands
| | - Oliver S.P. Davis
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit University of Bristol Bristol UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Martina Zwaan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Harokopio University Athens Greece
| | | | | | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Dimitris Dikeos
- Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School Athens University Athens Greece
| | - Christian Dina
- l'institut du thorax INSERM, CNRS, Univ Nantes Nantes France
| | | | - Elisa Docampo
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain
| | - Laramie E. Duncan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford University Stanford California USA
| | - Karin Egberts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre for Mental Health University Hospital of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Geòrgia Escaramís
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Xavier Estivill
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain
- Genomics and Disease, Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme Centre for Genomic Regulation Barcelona Spain
| | - Anne Farmer
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Angela Favaro
- Department of Neurosciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Fernando Fernández‐Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge –IDIBELL and CIBERobn Barcelona Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Manfred M. Fichter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich Germany
- Schön Klinik Roseneck affiliated with the Medical Faculty of the University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Krista Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Manuel Föcker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer, Epidemiology and Genetics Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno Czech Republic
| | - Andreas J. Forstner
- Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
- Centre for Human Genetics University of Marburg Marburg Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn Bonn Germany
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK) University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Monica Forzan
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health University of Padova Italy
| | | | - Steven Gallinger
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Johanna Giuranna
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Fragiskos Gonidakis
- 1st Psychiatric Department National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital Athens Greece
| | - Philip Gorwood
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris INSERM U1266 Paris France
- CMME (GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences), Paris Descartes University Paris France
| | - Monica Gratacos Mayora
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain
| | - Sébastien Guillaume
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post‐Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier University of Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Yiran Guo
- Center for Applied Genomics Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Pediatrics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München ‐ German Research Centre for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany
| | - Joanna Hauser
- Department of Adult Psychiatry Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Sietske G. Helder
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
- Zorg op Orde Delft The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Herms
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Beate Herpertz‐Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herzog
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany
| | - Laura M. Huckins
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge UK
- Department of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Division of Psychiatric Genomics Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - James I. Hudson
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Hartmut Imgart
- Eating Disorders Unit Parklandklinik Bad Wildungen Germany
| | - Hidetoshi Inoko
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine Tokai University Isehara Japan
| | - Vladimir Janout
- Faculty of Health Sciences Palacky University Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Susana Jiménez‐Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge –IDIBELL and CIBERobn Barcelona Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Antonio Julià
- Rheumatology Research Group Vall d'Hebron Research Institute Barcelona Spain
| | - Gursharan Kalsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Deborah Kaminská
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Leila Karhunen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
| | - Andreas Karwautz
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Martien J.H. Kas
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - James L. Kennedy
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | | | - Kirsty Kiezebrink
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
| | - Youl‐Ri Kim
- Department of Psychiatry Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University Seoul Korea
| | - Kelly L. Klump
- Department of Psychology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | | | - Maria C. La Via
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- Department of Clinical Science, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT) University of Bergen Bergen Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory Building Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
| | - Robert D. Levitan
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Dong Li
- Center for Applied Genomics Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Lisa Lilenfeld
- The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Washington DC Campus Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Bochao Danae Lin
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention M Skłodowska‐Curie Cancer Center ‐ Oncology Center Warsaw Poland
| | - Jurjen Luykx
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Pierre J. Magistretti
- BESE Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia
- Department of Psychiatry University of Lausanne‐University Hospital of Lausanne (UNIL‐CHUV) Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Naples Italy
| | - Katrin Mannik
- Estonian Genome Center University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
- Center for Integrative Genomics University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Sara Marsal
- Rheumatology Research Group Vall d'Hebron Research Institute Barcelona Spain
| | - Christian R. Marshall
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Division of Genome Diagnostics The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Morten Mattingsdal
- NORMENT KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Sara McDevitt
- Department of Psychiatry University College Cork Cork Ireland
- Eist Linn Adolescent Unit, Bessborough Health Service Executive South Cork Ireland
| | - Peter McGuffin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Ingrid Meulenbelt
- Molecular Epidemiology Section (Department of Biomedical Datasciences) Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Micali
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Geneva University Hospital Geneva Switzerland
| | - Karen Mitchell
- National Center for PTSD VA Boston Healthcare System Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Psychiatry Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
| | | | - Palmiero Monteleone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno Salerno Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA) University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Marie Navratilova
- Department of Cancer, Epidemiology and Genetics Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Harokopio University Athens Greece
| | | | - Roel A. Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Leonid Padyukov
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Division of Rheumatology Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Center for Human Genome Research Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Jacques Pantel
- Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience INSERM U894 Paris France
| | - Hana Papezova
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Dalila Pinto
- Department of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Division of Psychiatric Genomics Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - Raquel Rabionet
- Saint Joan de Déu Research Institute Saint Joan de Déu Barcelona Children's Hospital Barcelona Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Anu Raevuori
- Department of Public Health University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Nicolas Ramoz
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris INSERM U1266 Paris France
| | - Ted Reichborn‐Kjennerud
- Department of Mental Disorders Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Department of Health Science University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Department of Biometry University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Franziska Ritschel
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Eating Disorders Research and Treatment Center Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Marion Roberts
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Alessandro Rotondo
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Biotechnologies University of Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Filip Rybakowski
- Department of Psychiatry Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland
| | - Paolo Santonastaso
- Department of Neurosciences, Padua Neuroscience Center University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - André Scherag
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences Jena University Hospital Jena Germany
| | - Stephen W. Scherer
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Biology The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
- McLaughlin Centre University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | | | - Alexandra Schosser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Lenka Slachtova
- Department of Pediatrics and Center of Applied Genomics, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - P. Eline Slagboom
- Molecular Epidemiology Section (Department of Medical Statistics) Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Margarita C.T. Slof‐Op't Landt
- Center for Eating Disorders Ursula Rivierduinen Leiden The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Slopien
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA) University of Florence Florence Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Florence Italy
| | - Beata Świątkowska
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine Lodz Poland
| | - Jin P. Szatkiewicz
- Department of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | | | - Elena Tenconi
- Department of Neurosciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Alfonso Tortorella
- Department of Psychiatry University of Naples SUN Naples Italy
- Department of Psychiatry University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - Federica Tozzi
- Brain Sciences Department Stremble Ventures Limassol Cyprus
| | - Janet Treasure
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Artemis Tsitsika
- Adolescent Health Unit, Second Department of Pediatrics "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Marta Tyszkiewicz‐Nwafor
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland
| | - Konstantinos Tziouvas
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Annemarie A. Elburg
- Center for Eating Disorders Rintveld Altrecht Mental Health Institute Zeist The Netherlands
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Eric F. Furth
- Center for Eating Disorders Ursula Rivierduinen Leiden The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Gudrun Wagner
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Esther Walton
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München ‐ German Research Centre for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany
| | - Stephanie Zerwas
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University Medical Hospital Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany
| | - Andrew W. Bergen
- BioRealm, LLC Walnut California USA
- Oregon Research Institute Eugene Oregon USA
| | - Joseph M. Boden
- Christchurch Health and Development Study University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Harry Brandt
- The Center for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Steven Crawford
- The Center for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Katherine A. Halmi
- Department of Psychiatry Weill Cornell Medical College New York New York USA
| | - L. John Horwood
- Christchurch Health and Development Study University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand
| | | | - Allan S. Kaplan
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Walter H. Kaye
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - James Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences Fargo North Dakota USA
| | - Catherine M. Olsen
- Population Health Department QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - John F. Pearson
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Michael Strober
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | - Thomas Werge
- Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - David C. Whiteman
- Population Health Department QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - D. Blake Woodside
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Centre for Mental Health University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada
- Program for Eating Disorders University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jakob Grove
- Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH) Aarhus Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Anjali K. Henders
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Janne T. Larsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH) Aarhus Denmark
- National Centre for Register‐Based Research, Aarhus BSS Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register‐based Research (CIRRAU) Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Richard Parker
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Liselotte V. Petersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH) Aarhus Denmark
- National Centre for Register‐Based Research, Aarhus BSS Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register‐based Research (CIRRAU) Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Jennifer Jordan
- Department of Psychological Medicine University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand
- Canterbury District Health Board Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Martin A. Kennedy
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Andreas Birgegård
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services Stockholm County Council Stockholm Sweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Claes Norring
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services Stockholm County Council Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Preben Bo Mortensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH) Aarhus Denmark
- National Centre for Register‐Based Research, Aarhus BSS Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register‐based Research (CIRRAU) Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Human Genetics Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Jeanette N. McClintick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Amy E. Adkins
- Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Faculty of Business Karabuk University Karabuk Turkey
| | - Silviu‐Alin Bacanu
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Anthony Batzler
- Psychiatric Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Program Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Sarah Bertelsen
- Department of Neuroscience Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - Joanna M. Biernacka
- Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Tim B. Bigdeli
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences State University of New York Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn New York USA
| | - Li‐Shiun Chen
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | | | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Anna R. Docherty
- Department of Psychiatry University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - Alexis C. Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Jerome C. Foo
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Louis Fox
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Laura M. Hack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford University Stanford California USA
| | - Annette M. Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Sarah M. Hartz
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Stefanie Heilmann‐Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | | | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn Bonn Germany
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Jouke‐Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Bettina Konte
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Jari Lahti
- Turku Institute for Advanced Studies University of Turku Turku Finland
| | | | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Lannie Ligthart
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Anu Loukola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Brion S. Maher
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Hamdi Mbarek
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Matthew B. McQueen
- Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Jacquelyn L. Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory SUNY Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn New York USA
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute VU University Medical Center/GGz inGeest Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Roseann E. Peterson
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Euijung Ryu
- Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Nancy L. Saccone
- Department of Genetics Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez‐Roige
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | | | - Richard Sherva
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Jana Strohmaier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Nathaniel Thomas
- Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Jen‐Chyong Wang
- Department of Neuroscience Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - Bradley T. Webb
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Robbee Wedow
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA
- Department of Sociology Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Leah Wetherill
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Amanda G. Wills
- Department of Pharmacology University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado USA
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Human Genetics Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Jason D. Boardman
- Institute of Behavioral Science University of Colorado Boulder Colorado USA
- Department of Sociology University of Colorado Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Danfeng Chen
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Doo‐Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - William E. Copeland
- Department of Psychiatry University of Vermont Medical Center Burlington Vermont USA
| | - Robert C. Culverhouse
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biostatistics Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Norbert Dahmen
- Department of Psychiatry University of Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Benjamin W. Domingue
- Stanford University Graduate School of Education Stanford University Stanford California USA
| | - Mark A. Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Wolfgang Gäebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Düsseldorf Duesseldorf Germany
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Marcus Ising
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Psychiatry Munich Germany
| | - Margaret Keyes
- Department of Psychology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Gabriele Koller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - John Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine Iowa City Iowa USA
| | | | - Michael T. Lynskey
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Karl Mann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland
| | - Bertram Müller‐Myhsok
- Department of Statistical Genetics Max‐Planck‐Institute of Psychiatry München Germany
| | - Alison D. Murray
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition University of Aberdeen Foresterhill Aberdeen UK
| | - John I. Nurnberger
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
- Department of Psychiatry Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Ulrich Preuss
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Herborn Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Vitos Hospital Herborn Herborn Germany
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | | | - Monika Ridinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Regensburg Psychiatric Health Care Aargau Regensburg Germany
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty LVR‐Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Marc A. Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Michael Soyka
- Medical Park Chiemseeblick in Bernau‐Felden Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Bernau am Chiemsee Germany
- Psychiatric Hospital, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Bernau am Chiemsee Germany
| | - Jens Treutlein
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Stephanie H. Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Norbert Wodarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Peter Zill
- Department of Psychiatry Psychiatric Hospital, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich Germany
| | - Daniel E. Adkins
- Department of Psychiatry University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA
- Department of Sociology University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Laura J. Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Sandra A. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
- Department of Psychology University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - E. Jane Costello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Harriet Wit
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
| | | | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Neurology Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Ophthalmology Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Tatiana M. Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Nathan A. Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Alison M. Goate
- Department of Neuroscience Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics NIH/NIAAA Bethesda Maryland USA
- Office of the Clinical Director NIH/NIAAA Besthesda Maryland USA
| | - Richard A. Grucza
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Dana B. Hancock
- Center for Omics Discovery and Epidemiology, Behavioral Health Research Division RTI International Research Triangle Park North Carolina USA
| | - Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Department of Sociology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Carolina Population Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington Connecticut USA
| | - John K. Hewitt
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - William G. Iacono
- Department of Psychology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Eric O. Johnson
- Center for Omics Discovery and Epidemiology, Behavioral Health Research Division RTI International Research Triangle Park North Carolina USA
- Fellow Program RTI International Research Triangle Park North Carolina USA
| | - Victor M. Karpyak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Henry R. Kranzler
- Center for Studies of Addiction University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- VISN 4 MIRECC Crescenz VAMC Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Kenneth Krauter
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Penelope A. Lind
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research McMaster University/St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Hamilton Ontario Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research McMaster University/St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Pamela A.F. Madden
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Hermine H. Maes
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Patrik K.E. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Elliot C. Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Abraham A. Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Brenda W.J.H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC VU University and GGZinGeest Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory SUNY Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn New York USA
| | - John P. Rice
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Brien P. Riley
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Richard J. Rose
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences Indiana University Bloomington Bloomington Indiana USA
| | - Pei‐Hong Shen
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics NIH/NIAAA Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Judy Silberg
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Michael C. Stallings
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Ralph E. Tarter
- School of Pharmacy University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | | | - Scott Vrieze
- Department of Psychology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Tamara L. Wall
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - John B. Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Benjamin M. Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Tracey D. Wade
- School of Psychology Flinders University Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | | | - Patrick F. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Department of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre King's College London and South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust London UK
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Human Genetics Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven Connecticut USA
- Department of Genetics Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- Department of Neuroscience Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Nutrition University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
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Schuckit MA, Clarke DF, Smith TL, Mendoza LA. Characteristics associated with denial of problem drinking among two generations of individuals with alcohol use disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 217:108274. [PMID: 32956977 PMCID: PMC7736262 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Denial of an overarching alcohol problem despite endorsement of specific alcohol-related difficulties may be central to development and continuation of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). However, there is limited information about which characteristics of drinkers and which drinking problems relate most closely to that denial. METHODS Using data from two generations of the San Diego Prospective Study (SDPS), we compared AUD subjects who considered themselves non-problematic drinkers (Group 1) with those with AUDs who acknowledged a general alcohol problem (Group 2). Comparisons included demography, alcohol-related patterns and problems, drug use, as well as impulsivity and sensation seeking. Variables were first evaluated as univariate characteristics after which significant group differences were entered in logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Sixty-seven percent of 94 AUD probands and 82 % of 176 AUD offspring reported themselves as light or moderate social drinkers despite averages of up to 12 maximum drinks per occasion and four DSM problems. Regression analyses indicated deniers evidenced less intense alcohol and drug-related problems and identified DSM-IV criterion items that they were most likely to deny. CONCLUSIONS A large majority of two generations of SDPS participants whose interviews indicated a current AUD did not characterize themselves as problem drinkers. Despite drinking amounts that far exceeded healthy limits and admitting to important life problems with alcohol, these individuals give misleading answers regarding their condition when asked general questions about drinking by health care deliverers. The authors offer suggestions regarding how to identify those drinkers in need of advice regarding dangers of their behaviors.
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Schuckit MA, Clarke DF, Smith TL, Mendoza LA, Schoen L. The Search for Contributors to Low Rates of Recognition of Paternal Alcohol Use Disorders in Offspring From the San Diego Prospective Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1551-1560. [PMID: 32583872 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most efficient approach for establishing family histories (FHs) asks informants about disorders in their relatives (a Family History Method [FHM]). However, FHMs underestimate family diagnoses. We evaluated if accuracies of young adult offspring report of their father's alcohol use disorders (AUDs) related to the age, sex, education, and/or substance-related patterns/problems of either the young adult informants or their AUD fathers. METHODS Data from the San Diego Prospective Study (SDPS), a multigenerational 35-year investigation, compared father/offspring pairs where the proband father's alcohol problems were correctly (Group 1) or incorrectly (Group 2) noted by offspring. In the key analysis, Group 1 versus 2 results were entered into bootstrapped backward logistic regression analyses predicting Group 1 membership. RESULTS Five proband and one offspring characteristic were associated with correct identification of their father's alcohol problems. None of these related to age, education, or sex. Characteristics associated with correct FHM diagnoses included the father's FH of AUDs, self-report of drinking despite social/interpersonal or physical/psychological alcohol-related problems, spending much time related to alcohol, and his having a religious preference. The single offspring item predicting correct identification of the father's problems was the number of DSM alcohol problems of the offspring. CONCLUSIONS In the SDPS, FHM sensitivity was most closely related to the father's drinking characteristics, not the offspring characteristics. While unique aspects of SDPS families potentially limit generalizability of results, the data demonstrate how the FHM can offer important initial steps in the search for genetically related AUD risks in a subset of families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Schuckit
- From the, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Dennis F Clarke
- From the, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tom L Smith
- From the, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lee Anne Mendoza
- From the, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lara Schoen
- From the, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Edwards AC, Heron J, Hibbeln J, Schuckit MA, Webb BT, Hickman M, Davies AG, Bettinger JC. Long-Chain ω-3 Levels Are Associated With Increased Alcohol Sensitivity in a Population-Based Sample of Adolescents. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:2620-2626. [PMID: 31589770 PMCID: PMC6904498 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The levels of the ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LC-PUFAs), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been associated with alcohol sensitivity in vertebrate and invertebrate model systems, but prior studies have not examined this association in human samples despite evidence of associations between ω-3 LC-PUFA levels and alcohol-related phenotypes. Both alcohol sensitivity and ω-3 LC-PUFA levels are impacted by genetic factors, and these influences may contribute to observed associations between phenotypes. Given the potential for using EPA and DHA supplementation in adjuvant care for alcohol misuse and other outcomes, it is important to clarify how ω-3 LC-PUFA levels relate to alcohol sensitivity. METHODS Analyses were conducted using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Plasma ω-3 LC-PUFA levels were measured at ages 15.5 and 17.5. Participants reported on their initial alcohol sensitivity using the early drinking Self-Rating of the Effects of Alcohol (SRE-5) scale, for which more drinks needed for effects indicates lower levels of response per drink, at ages 15.5, 16.5, and 17.5. Polygenic liability for alcohol consumption, alcohol problems, EPA levels, and DHA levels was derived using summary statistics from large, publicly available datasets. Linear regressions were used to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between ω-3 LC-PUFA levels and SRE scores. RESULTS Age 15.5 ω-3 LC-PUFA levels were negatively associated with contemporaneous SRE scores and with age 17.5 SRE scores. One modest association (p = 0.02) between polygenic liability and SRE scores was observed, between alcohol problems-based polygenic risk scores (PRS) and age 16.5 SRE scores. Tests of moderation by genetic liability were not warranted. CONCLUSIONS Plasma ω-3 LC-PUFA levels may be related to initial sensitivity to alcohol during adolescence. These data indicate that diet-related factors have the potential to impact humans' earliest responses to alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis C. Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, US
| | - Jon Heron
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Joseph Hibbeln
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, US
| | - Marc A. Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, US
| | - Bradley T. Webb
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, US
| | - Matthew Hickman
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew G. Davies
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, US
| | - Jill C. Bettinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, US
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26
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Schuckit MA, Smith TL, Clarke D, Mendoza LA, Kawamura M, Schoen L. Predictors of Increases in Alcohol Problems and Alcohol Use Disorders in Offspring in the San Diego Prospective Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:2232-2241. [PMID: 31454095 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 35-year-long San Diego Prospective Study documented 2-fold increases in alcohol problems and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in young-adult drinking offspring compared to rates in their fathers, the original probands. The current analyses use the same interviews and questionnaires at about the same age in members of the 2 generations to explore multiple potential contributors to the generational differences in adverse alcohol outcomes. METHODS Using data from recent offspring interviews, multiple cross-generation differences in characteristics potentially related to alcohol problems were evaluated in 3 steps: first through direct comparisons across probands and offspring at about age 30; second by backward linear regression analyses of predictors of alcohol problems within each generation; and finally third through R-based bootstrapped linear regressions of differences in alcohol problems in randomly matched probands and offspring. RESULTS The analyses across the analytical approaches revealed 3 consistent predictors of higher alcohol problems in the second generation. These included the following: (i) a more robust relationship to alcohol problems for offspring with a low level of response to alcohol; (ii) higher offspring values for alcohol expectancies; and (iii) higher offspring impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS The availability of data across generations offered a unique perspective for studying characteristics that may have contributed to a general finding in the literature of substantial increases in alcohol problems and AUDs in recent generations. If replicated, these results could suggest approaches to be used by parents, healthcare workers, insurance companies, and industry in their efforts to mitigate the increasing rates of alcohol problems in younger generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Schuckit
- From the, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tom L Smith
- From the, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Dennis Clarke
- From the, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lee Anne Mendoza
- From the, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mari Kawamura
- From the, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lara Schoen
- From the, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Palmer RHC, Brick LA, Chou YL, Agrawal A, McGeary JE, Heath AC, Bierut L, Keller MC, Johnson E, Hartz SM, Schuckit MA, Knopik VS. The etiology of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder: Evidence of shared and non-shared additive genetic effects. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 201:147-154. [PMID: 31229702 PMCID: PMC6929687 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholism is a multifactorial disorder influenced by multiple gene loci, each with small effect. Studies suggest shared genetic influences across DSM-IV alcohol dependence symptoms, but shared effects across DSM-5 alcohol use disorder remains unknown. We aimed to test the assumption of genetic homogeneity across the 11 criteria of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (AUD). METHODS Data from 2596 alcohol using individuals of European ancestry from the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment were used to examine the genomewide SNP-heritability (h2SNP) and SNP-covariance (rGSNP) between 11 DSM-5 AUD symptoms. Phenotypic relationships between symptoms were examined to confirm an underlying liability of AUD and the SNP-heritability of the observed latent trait and the co-heritabilityamong AUD symptoms was assessed using Genomic-Relatedness-Matrix-Restricted-Maximum-Likelihood. Genetic covariance among symptoms was examined using factor analysis. RESULTS Phenotypic relationships confirmed a unidimensional underlying liability to AUD. Factor and parallel analyses of the observed genetic variance/covariance provided evidence of genetic homogeneity. Additive genetic effects on DSM-5 AUD symptoms varied from 0.10 to 0.37 and largely overlapped (rG-SNP across symptoms ranged from 0.49 - 0.92). The additive genetic effect on the DSM-5 AUD factor was 0.36, 0.14 for DSM-5 AUD diagnosis, and was 0.22 for DSM-5 AUD severity. CONCLUSIONS Common genetic variants influence DSM-5 AUD symptoms. Despite evidence for a common AUD factor, the evidence of only partially overlapping genetic effects across AUD symptoms further substantiates the need to simultaneously model common and symptom-specific genetic effects in molecular genetic studies in order to best characterize the genetic liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan H C Palmer
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, USA.
| | - Leslie A Brick
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, USA; Division of Behavior Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, USA
| | - Yi-Ling Chou
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John E McGeary
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, USA; Division of Behavior Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, USA; Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, USA
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Laura Bierut
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthew C Keller
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, USA
| | | | - Sarah M Hartz
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Valerie S Knopik
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, USA
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Chan G, Kramer JR, Schuckit MA, Hesselbrock V, Bucholz KK, Edenberg HJ, Acion L, Langbehn D, McCutcheon V, Nurnberger JI, Hesselbrock M, Porjesz B, Bierut L, Marenna BC, Cookman A, Kuperman S. A Pilot Follow-Up Study of Older Alcohol-Dependent COGA Adults. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1759-1768. [PMID: 31141183 PMCID: PMC6685546 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption and problems are increasing among older adults, who are at elevated risk for alcohol-related accidents and medical problems. This paper describes a pilot follow-up of older adults with a history of alcohol dependence that was designed to determine the feasibility of conducting a more extensive investigation. METHODS The sample consisted of previously assessed subjects in the Collaborative Studies on the Genetics of Alcoholism who: (i) were age 50+; (ii) had lifetime DSM-IV AD; and (iii) had DNA available. Individuals were located through family contacts, Internet searches, and death registries. A brief telephone interview assessed demographics, health, and alcohol involvement. RESULTS Of the total sample (N = 2,174), 36% were contacted, 24% were deceased, and 40% were not yet located. Most (89%) contacted subjects were interviewed, and 99% of them agreed to future evaluation. Thirty percent of interviewed subjects reported abstinence for 10+ years, 56% reported drinking within the past year, and 14% last drank between >1 and 10 years ago. There were no age-related past-year differences in weekly consumption (overall sample mean: 16 drinks), number of drinking weeks (30.8), maximum number of drinks in 24 hours (8.1), or prevalence of weekly risky drinking (19%). Among those who drank within the past 5 years, the 3 most common alcohol-related problems were spending excessive time drinking or recovering (49%), drinking more/longer than intended (35%), and driving while intoxicated (35%); and about a third (32%) received some form of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Over a 1-year period, we located 60% of individuals last seen an average of 23 years ago. The majority of contacted individuals were interviewed and willing to be evaluated again. Although the proportion of individuals currently drinking diminished with age, subjects exhibited troublesome levels of alcohol consumption and problems. Our findings suggest the importance and feasibility of a more comprehensive follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John R. Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College
of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | | | | | | | | | - Laura Acion
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College
of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Douglas Langbehn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College
of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bethany C. Marenna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College
of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Angella Cookman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College
of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College
of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242
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Schuckit MA, Smith TL, Rana B, Mendoza LA, Clarke D, Kawamura M. Performance of the Self-Report of the Effects of Alcohol Questionnaire Across Sexes and Generations. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1384-1390. [PMID: 30933364 PMCID: PMC6602840 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low level of responses (low LRs) to alcohol established using the Self-Report of the Effects of Alcohol (SRE) questionnaire are genetically influenced phenotypes related to heavy drinking and alcohol problems. To date, most studies using SREs focused on scores for the number of drinks needed for effects across the first 5 times of drinking (SRE-5), and few evaluated scores that also included the prior 3 months and heaviest drinking periods (SRE-T). This paper evaluates characteristics of SRE-5 and SRE-T within and across generations. METHODS Data were extracted from 407 participants across 2 generations of 107 families in the San Diego Prospective Study (SDPS). Pearson's product-moment correlations for SRE-5 and SRE-T were determined across first-degree relatives both within and across generations and sexes, as well as correlations of each measure to maximum drinking quantities and alcohol problems. RESULTS Responding to 4 hypotheses, first the analyses demonstrated significant within-generation positive correlations for both SRE measures across brother-brother and sister-sister pairs as well as cross-generation correlations for fathers and sons, although correlations for mothers and daughters were not robust. Second, both SRE-5 and SRE-T correlated with maximum drinks and alcohol problems for both sexes and both generations. Third, within parental and offspring generations SRE-T correlated more robustly than SRE-5 to maximum drinks and alcohol problems. Fourth, across generations SRE values for sons were more closely related to drinking quantities and problems than for their fathers, but the mother-daughter SRE relationships to adverse alcohol characteristics were not different. CONCLUSIONS Both the SRE-5 and SRE-T offered useful information about propensities toward heavier drinking and alcohol problems in SDPS families. Correlations with adverse alcohol outcomes were greater for the more broad-based SRE-T, but both scores appeared to be genetically influenced and continue to operate in a robust manner in both generations of these families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A. Schuckit
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 8950 Villa La Jolla Dr, Suite B-218, La Jolla, California, United States, 92037
| | - Tom L. Smith
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 8950 Villa La Jolla Dr, Suite B-218, La Jolla, California, United States, 92037
| | - Brinda Rana
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 8950 Villa La Jolla Dr, Suite B-218, La Jolla, California, United States, 92037
| | - Lee Ann Mendoza
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 8950 Villa La Jolla Dr, Suite B-218, La Jolla, California, United States, 92037
| | - Dennis Clarke
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 8950 Villa La Jolla Dr, Suite B-218, La Jolla, California, United States, 92037
| | - Mari Kawamura
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 8950 Villa La Jolla Dr, Suite B-218, La Jolla, California, United States, 92037
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Johnson EC, St Pierre CL, Meyers JL, Aliev F, McCutcheon VV, Lai D, Dick DM, Goate AM, Kramer J, Kuperman S, Nurnberger JI, Schuckit MA, Porjesz B, Edenberg HJ, Bucholz KK, Agrawal A. The Genetic Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption and Aspects of Problem Drinking in an Ascertained Sample. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1113-1125. [PMID: 30994927 PMCID: PMC6560626 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomewide association studies (GWAS) have begun to identify loci related to alcohol consumption, but little is known about whether this genetic propensity overlaps with specific indices of problem drinking in ascertained samples. METHODS In 6,731 European Americans who had been exposed to alcohol, we examined whether polygenic risk scores (PRS) from a GWAS of weekly alcohol consumption in the UK Biobank predicted variance in 6 alcohol-related phenotypes: alcohol use, maximum drinks within 24 hours (MAXD), total score on the Self-Rating of the Effects of Ethanol Questionnaire (SRE-T), DSM-IV alcohol dependence (DSM4AD), DSM-5 alcohol use disorder symptom counts (DSM5AUDSX), and reduction/cessation of problematic drinking. We also examined the extent to which an single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1229984) in ADH1B, which is strongly associated with both alcohol consumption and dependence, contributed to the polygenic association with these phenotypes and whether PRS interacted with sex, age, or family history of alcoholism to predict alcohol-related outcomes. We performed mixed-effect regression analyses, with family membership and recruitment site included as random effects, as well as survival modeling of age of onset of DSM4AD. RESULTS PRS for alcohol consumption significantly predicted variance in 5 of the 6 outcomes: alcohol use (Δmarginal R2 = 1.39%, Δ area under the curve [AUC] = 0.011), DSM4AD (Δmarginal R2 = 0.56%; ΔAUC = 0.003), DSM5AUDSX (Δmarginal R2 = 0.49%), MAXD (Δmarginal R2 = 0.31%), and SRE-T (Δmarginal R2 = 0.22%). PRS were also associated with onset of DSM4AD (hazard ratio = 1.11, p = 2.08e-5). The inclusion of rs1229984 attenuated the effects of the alcohol consumption PRS, particularly for DSM4AD and DSM5AUDSX, but the PRS continued to exert an independent effect for all 5 alcohol measures (Δmarginal R2 after controlling for ADH1B = 0.14 to 1.22%). Interactions between PRS and sex, age, or family history were nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS Genetic propensity for typical alcohol consumption was associated with alcohol use and was also associated with 4 of the additional 5 outcomes, though the variance explained in this sample was modest. Future GWAS that focus on the multifaceted nature of AUD, which goes beyond consumption, might reveal additional information regarding the polygenic underpinnings of problem drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Celine L St Pierre
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Actuarial and Risk Management, Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Karabük, Turkey
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology and Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - John Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
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Johnson EC, Tillman R, Aliev F, Meyers JL, Salvatore JE, Anokhin AP, Dick DM, Edenberg HJ, Kramer JR, Kuperman S, McCutcheon VV, Nurnberger JI, Porjesz B, Schuckit MA, Tischfield J, Bucholz KK, Agrawal A. Exploring the relationship between polygenic risk for cannabis use, peer cannabis use and the longitudinal course of cannabis involvement. Addiction 2019; 114:687-697. [PMID: 30474892 PMCID: PMC6411425 DOI: 10.1111/add.14512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Few studies have explored how polygenic propensity to cannabis use unfolds across development, and no studies have yet examined this question in the context of environmental contributions such as peer cannabis use. Outlining the factors that contribute to progression from cannabis initiation to problem use over time may ultimately provide insights into mechanisms for targeted interventions. We sought to examine the relationships between polygenic liability for cannabis use, cannabis use trajectories from ages 12-30 years and perceived peer cannabis use at ages 12-17 years. DESIGN Mixed-effect logistic and linear regressions were used to examine associations between polygenic risk scores, cannabis use trajectory membership and perceived peer cannabis use. SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS From the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) study, a cohort of 1167 individuals aged 12-26 years at their baseline (i.e. first) interview. MEASUREMENTS Key measurements included life-time cannabis use (yes/no), frequency of past 12-month cannabis use, maximum life-time frequency of cannabis use, cannabis use disorder (using DSM-5 criteria) and perceived peer cannabis use. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were created using summary statistics from a large (n = 162 082) genome-wide association study (GWAS) of cannabis use. FINDINGS Three trajectories reflecting no/low (n = 844), moderate (n = 137) and high (n = 186) use were identified. PRS were significantly associated with trajectory membership [P = 0.002-0.006, maximum conditional R2 = 1.4%, odds ratios (ORs) = 1.40-1.49]. Individuals who reported that most/all of their best friends used cannabis had significantly higher PRS than those who reported that none of their friends were users [OR = 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04, 1.75, P = 0.023]. Perceived peer use itself explained up to 11.3% of the variance in trajectory class membership (OR = 1.50-4.65). When peer cannabis use and the cannabis use PRS were entered into the model simultaneously, both the PRS and peer use continued to be significantly associated with class membership (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Genetic propensity to cannabis use derived from heterogeneous samples appears to correlate with longitudinal increases in cannabis use frequency in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca Tillman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Actuarial and Risk Management, Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Turkey
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Andrey P Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - John R Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego Medical School, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jay Tischfield
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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Courtney KE, Infante MA, Brown GG, Tapert SF, Simmons AN, Smith TL, Schuckit MA. The Relationship Between Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Estimates and Alcohol Problems at 5-Year Follow-Up: The Role of Level of Response. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:812-821. [PMID: 30924954 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute alcohol consumption is associated with temporarily increased regional cerebral blood flow (CBF). The extent of this increase appears to be moderated by individual differences in the level of response (LR) to alcohol's subjective effects. The low LR phenotype is a known risk factor for the development of alcohol problems. This study investigates how the low LR phenotype relates to the relationship between alcohol-related changes in CBF and alcohol problems 5 years later. METHODS Young adults (ages 18 to 25) were selected based on their LR to alcohol and underwent a neuroimaging protocol including arterial spin labeling and functional scans. These participants were recontacted ~5 years later and assessed on alcohol outcomes. A final sample of 107 subjects (54 low and 53 high LR subjects) was included in the analyses. Whole-brain analysis revealed 5 clusters of significant alcohol-induced, versus placebo-induced, CBF changes that were consistent with a previous report. Peak alcohol-placebo CBF response was extracted from these regions and, along with the LR group, submitted to a hierarchical linear regression predicting alcohol problems. Analyses controlled for age, sex, and baseline alcohol problems. RESULTS In the regression analysis, greater alcohol-placebo CBF difference in the right middle/superior/inferior frontal gyri and bilateral anterior cingulate gyri clusters predicted greater future alcohol problems for the low LR group, whereas this relationship was not found to be significant in the high LR group. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a clinically important relationship between CBF and future alcohol problems, particularly in individuals with a low LR phenotype. These initial results help to elucidate the neurobiological pathways involved in the development of alcohol use disorders for individuals with low LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Courtney
- Department of Psychiatry , University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Gregory G Brown
- Department of Psychiatry , University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Veteran's Affairs Healthcare System , San Diego, California
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry , University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Alan N Simmons
- Department of Psychiatry , University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Veteran's Affairs Healthcare System , San Diego, California
| | - Tom L Smith
- Department of Psychiatry , University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry , University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Cho SB, Su J, Kuo SIC, Bucholz KK, Chan G, Edenberg HJ, McCutcheon VV, Schuckit MA, Kramer JR, Dick DM. Positive and negative reinforcement are differentially associated with alcohol consumption as a function of alcohol dependence. Psychol Addict Behav 2019; 33:58-68. [PMID: 30667237 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A multistage model of drug addiction in which individuals' motivations for use change as they develop problems is widely accepted; however, the evidence for this model comes mostly from animal work and cross-sectional studies. We used longitudinal data to test whether positive and negative reinforcement associated with alcohol consumption differed as a function of alcohol dependence (AD). Specifically, we tested whether (a) positive reinforcement is more strongly associated with alcohol consumption than is negative reinforcement among individuals without AD, (b) negative reinforcement is more strongly associated with AD than is positive reinforcement, and (c) in the presence of AD, the association between positive reinforcement and alcohol consumption becomes weaker, whereas the association with negative reinforcement becomes stronger. We included assessments between Ages 18 and 30 years from participants who indicated they ever had a drink (N = 2,556; 51.6% female) from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism Prospective Study. Results from generalized estimating equations indicated that positive, but not negative, reinforcement was associated with alcohol consumption among individuals without AD. Both positive and negative reinforcement were associated with AD, but the association was stronger with negative reinforcement. Results from the multilevel growth model indicated that the association between negative reinforcement and alcohol consumption became stronger with the presence of AD, whereas the association between positive reinforcement and alcohol consumption did not differ as a function of AD. We provide empirical evidence that positive and negative reinforcement are differentially associated with alcohol consumption as a function of AD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Bin Cho
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Jinni Su
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | | | | | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University
| | | | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego
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34
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Schuckit MA. Screening and Brief Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Reduce Unhealthy Alcohol Use in Adults 18 Years and Older, Including Pregnant Women. JAMA Psychiatry 2019; 76:5-6. [PMID: 30422260 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Schuckit
- University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla
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35
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Walters RK, Polimanti R, Johnson EC, McClintick JN, Adams MJ, Adkins AE, Aliev F, Bacanu SA, Batzler A, Bertelsen S, Biernacka JM, Bigdeli TB, Chen LS, Clarke TK, Chou YL, Degenhardt F, Docherty AR, Edwards AC, Fontanillas P, Foo JC, Fox L, Frank J, Giegling I, Gordon S, Hack LM, Hartmann AM, Hartz SM, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Herms S, Hodgkinson C, Hoffmann P, Jan Hottenga J, Kennedy MA, Alanne-Kinnunen M, Konte B, Lahti J, Lahti-Pulkkinen M, Lai D, Ligthart L, Loukola A, Maher BS, Mbarek H, McIntosh AM, McQueen MB, Meyers JL, Milaneschi Y, Palviainen T, Pearson JF, Peterson RE, Ripatti S, Ryu E, Saccone NL, Salvatore JE, Sanchez-Roige S, Schwandt M, Sherva R, Streit F, Strohmaier J, Thomas N, Wang JC, Webb BT, Wedow R, Wetherill L, Wills AG, Boardman JD, Chen D, Choi DS, Copeland WE, Culverhouse RC, Dahmen N, Degenhardt L, Domingue BW, Elson SL, Frye MA, Gäbel W, Hayward C, Ising M, Keyes M, Kiefer F, Kramer J, Kuperman S, Lucae S, Lynskey MT, Maier W, Mann K, Männistö S, Müller-Myhsok B, Murray AD, Nurnberger JI, Palotie A, Preuss U, Räikkönen K, Reynolds MD, Ridinger M, Scherbaum N, Schuckit MA, Soyka M, Treutlein J, Witt S, Wodarz N, Zill P, Adkins DE, Boden JM, Boomsma DI, Bierut LJ, Brown SA, Bucholz KK, Cichon S, Costello EJ, de Wit H, Diazgranados N, Dick DM, Eriksson JG, Farrer LA, Foroud TM, Gillespie NA, Goate AM, Goldman D, Grucza RA, Hancock DB, Harris KM, Heath AC, Hesselbrock V, Hewitt JK, Hopfer CJ, Horwood J, Iacono W, Johnson EO, Kaprio JA, Karpyak VM, Kendler KS, Kranzler HR, Krauter K, Lichtenstein P, Lind PA, McGue M, MacKillop J, Madden PAF, Maes HH, Magnusson P, Martin NG, Medland SE, Montgomery GW, Nelson EC, Nöthen MM, Palmer AA, Pedersen NL, Penninx BWJH, Porjesz B, Rice JP, Rietschel M, Riley BP, Rose R, Rujescu D, Shen PH, Silberg J, Stallings MC, Tarter RE, Vanyukov MM, Vrieze S, Wall TL, Whitfield JB, Zhao H, Neale BM, Gelernter J, Edenberg HJ, Agrawal A. Transancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:1656-1669. [PMID: 30482948 PMCID: PMC6430207 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0275-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Liability to alcohol dependence (AD) is heritable, but little is known about its complex polygenic architecture or its genetic relationship with other disorders. To discover loci associated with AD and characterize the relationship between AD and other psychiatric and behavioral outcomes, we carried out the largest genome-wide association study to date of DSM-IV-diagnosed AD. Genome-wide data on 14,904 individuals with AD and 37,944 controls from 28 case-control and family-based studies were meta-analyzed, stratified by genetic ancestry (European, n = 46,568; African, n = 6,280). Independent, genome-wide significant effects of different ADH1B variants were identified in European (rs1229984; P = 9.8 × 10-13) and African ancestries (rs2066702; P = 2.2 × 10-9). Significant genetic correlations were observed with 17 phenotypes, including schizophrenia, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, depression, and use of cigarettes and cannabis. The genetic underpinnings of AD only partially overlap with those for alcohol consumption, underscoring the genetic distinction between pathological and nonpathological drinking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond K Walters
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emma C Johnson
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeanette N McClintick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mark J Adams
- University of Edinburgh, Division of Psychiatry, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Amy E Adkins
- Department of Psychology & College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Silviu-Alin Bacanu
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Anthony Batzler
- Mayo Clinic, Psychiatric Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Program, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sarah Bertelsen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Neuroscience, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joanna M Biernacka
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tim B Bigdeli
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Li-Shiun Chen
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Toni-Kim Clarke
- University of Edinburgh, Division of Psychiatry, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yi-Ling Chou
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna R Docherty
- University of Utah, Department of Psychiatry, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alexis C Edwards
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Jerome C Foo
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Louis Fox
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ina Giegling
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Halle, Germany
| | - Scott Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Laura M Hack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Annette M Hartmann
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Halle, Germany
| | - Sarah M Hartz
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Herms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mervi Alanne-Kinnunen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bettina Konte
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Halle, Germany
| | - Jari Lahti
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lannie Ligthart
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anu Loukola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Brion S Maher
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hamdi Mbarek
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- University of Edinburgh, Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matthew B McQueen
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center/GGz inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - John F Pearson
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Roseann E Peterson
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Euijung Ryu
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nancy L Saccone
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Genetics, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, Richmond, VA, USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Richard Sherva
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jana Strohmaier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nathaniel Thomas
- Department of Psychology & College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jen-Chyong Wang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Neuroscience, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bradley T Webb
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Robbee Wedow
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Leah Wetherill
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Amanda G Wills
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jason D Boardman
- Institute of Behavioral Science and Department of Sociology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Danfeng Chen
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - William E Copeland
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert C Culverhouse
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine and Division of Biostatistics, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Norbert Dahmen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Mark A Frye
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Wolfgang Gäbel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marcus Ising
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Margaret Keyes
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John Kramer
- University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Michael T Lynskey
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Mann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Alison D Murray
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ulrich Preuss
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Halle, Germany
- Vitos Hospital Herborn, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Herborn, Germany
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Monika Ridinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg Psychiatric Health Care Aargau, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- LVR-Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael Soyka
- Medical Park Chiemseeblick in Bernau-Felden, Chiemsee, Germany
- Psychiatric Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Treutlein
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Wodarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Zill
- Psychiatric Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel E Adkins
- University of Utah, Department of Psychiatry, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University of Utah, Department of Sociology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sandra A Brown
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Department of Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sven Cichon
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - E Jane Costello
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology & College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, and National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Ophthalmology, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nathan A Gillespie
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Neuroscience, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Goldman
- NIH/NIAAA, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NIH/NIAAA, Office of the Clinical Director, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard A Grucza
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dana B Hancock
- Center for Omics Discovery and Epidemiology, Behavioral Health Research Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Department of Sociology and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - John K Hewitt
- University of Colorado Boulder, Institute for Behavioral Genetics, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | | | - William Iacono
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eric O Johnson
- RTI International, Fellows Program, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jaakko A Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victor M Karpyak
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry and VISN 4 MIRECC, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth Krauter
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Penelope A Lind
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matt McGue
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton; Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pamela A F Madden
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hermine H Maes
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Patrik Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elliot C Nelson
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of California San Diego, Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center/GGz inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - John P Rice
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Brien P Riley
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Richard Rose
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Halle, Germany
| | - Pei-Hong Shen
- NIH/NIAAA, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Judy Silberg
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael C Stallings
- University of Colorado Boulder, Institute for Behavioral Genetics, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ralph E Tarter
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Scott Vrieze
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tamara L Wall
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - John B Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Benjamin M Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Departments of Psychiatry, Genetics, and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Edwards AC, Deak JD, Gizer IR, Lai D, Chatzinakos C, Wilhelmsen KP, Lindsay J, Heron J, Hickman M, Webb BT, Bacanu SA, Foroud TM, Kendler KS, Dick DM, Schuckit MA. Meta-Analysis of Genetic Influences on Initial Alcohol Sensitivity. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:2349-2359. [PMID: 30276832 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies indicate that low initial sensitivity to alcohol may be a risk factor for later alcohol misuse. Evidence suggests that initial sensitivity is influenced by genetic factors, but few molecular genetic studies have been reported. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of 2 population-based genome-wide association studies of the Self-Rating of the Effects of Alcohol scale. Our final sample consisted of 7,339 individuals (82.3% of European descent; 59.2% female) who reported having used alcohol at least 5 times. In addition, we estimated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability and conducted a series of secondary aggregate genetic analyses. RESULTS No individual locus reached genome-wide significance. Gene and set based analyses, both overall and using tissue-specific expression data, yielded largely null results, and genes previously implicated in alcohol problems and consumption were overall not associated with initial sensitivity. Only 1 gene set, related to hormone signaling and including core clock genes, survived correction for multiple testing. A meta-analysis of SNP-based heritability resulted in a modest estimate of h SNP 2 = 0.19 (SE = 0.10), though this was driven by 1 sample (N = 3,683, h SNP 2 = 0.36, SE = 0.14, p = 0.04). No significant genetic correlations with other relevant outcomes were observed. CONCLUSIONS Findings yielded only modest support for a genetic component underlying initial alcohol sensitivity. Results suggest that its biological underpinnings may diverge somewhat from that of other alcohol outcomes and may be related to core clock genes or other aspects of hormone signaling. Larger samples, ideally of prospectively assessed samples, are likely necessary to improve gene identification efforts and confirm the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis C Edwards
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Joseph D Deak
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Ian R Gizer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Chris Chatzinakos
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kirk P Wilhelmsen
- Departments of Neurology and Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan Lindsay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jon Heron
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Hickman
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Bradley T Webb
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Silviu-Alin Bacanu
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.,College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Schuckit MA, Smith TL, Danko G, Kramer J, Bucholz KK, McCutcheon V, Chan G, Kuperman S, Hesselbrock V, Dick DM, Hesselbrock M, Porjesz B, Edenberg HJ, Nureberger JI, Gregg M, Schoen L, Kawamura M, Mendoza LA. A 22-Year Follow-Up (Range 16 to 23) of Original Subjects with Baseline Alcohol Use Disorders from the Collaborative Study on Genetics of Alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1704-1714. [PMID: 29975427 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports indicate higher-than-expected problematic drinking in older populations. However, few data describe how to predict which older individuals are most likely to demonstrate alcohol-related problems, including those with earlier alcohol use disorders (AUDs). These analyses evaluate predictors of alcohol outcomes in individuals with earlier AUDs in the Collaborative Study on Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). METHODS Original COGA participants with baseline AUDs at about age 40 were interviewed 13 to 26 years later and placed into clinically derived outcome categories. Chi-square and analysis of variance evaluated baseline differences across 4 outcome groups, with significant items entered into binary logistic regression backwards elimination analyses predicting outcomes. RESULTS Low-Risk Drinkers (N = 100) at follow-up were predicted by baseline higher levels of response to alcohol (high LRs), lower histories of alcohol treatment, experience with fewer types of illicit drugs, and were more likely to have been widowed. At follow-up, Problem Drinkers (N = 192) differed from High-Risk Drinkers (N = 93) who denied multiple alcohol problems by exhibiting baseline lower LRs, higher Sensation Seeking, and a higher proportion who were widowed. Abstinent (N = 278) outcomes were predicted by a history of higher baseline AUD treatments, higher alcohol problems, lower usual drinks, as well as older age and European American heritage. Thirty-four subjects (4.9%) could not be classified and were not included in these analyses. CONCLUSIONS These results generated from AUD individuals from both treatment and nontreatment settings reinforce low probabilities of recent Low-Risk Drinking in individuals with AUDs, but also suggest many individuals with AUDs demonstrate good outcomes 2 decades later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tom L Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - George Danko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | | | | | - Grace Chan
- University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcy Gregg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lara Schoen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mari Kawamura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lee Anne Mendoza
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Schuckit MA. A Critical Review of Methods and Results in the Search for Genetic Contributors to Alcohol Sensitivity. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:822-835. [PMID: 29623680 PMCID: PMC5916326 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Attributes of alcohol sensitivity are present before alcohol use disorders (AUDs) develop, they predict those adverse alcohol outcomes, are familial in nature, and many are heritable. Whether measured by alcohol challenges or retrospective reports of numbers of drinks required for effects, alcohol sensitivity reflects multiple phenotypes, including low levels of alcohol response and alcohol-related stimulation. Identification of genes that contribute to alcohol sensitivity could help identify individuals carrying risks for AUDs through their alcohol responses for whom early intervention might mitigate their vulnerability. Such genes could also improve understanding of biological underpinnings of AUDs, which could lead to new treatment approaches. However, the existing literature points to a wide range of genetic mechanisms that might contribute to alcohol responses, and few such genetic findings have been widely replicated. This critical review describes the potential impact of the diverse methods used to study sensitivity on the diversity of genetic findings that have been reported, places the genetic variants mentioned in the literature into broader categories rather than isolated results, and offers suggestions regarding how to advance the field by interpreting findings in light of the methods used to select research subjects and to measure alcohol sensitivity. To date, the most promising results have been for GABA, glutamate, opioid, dopamine, serotonin, and cholinergic system genes. The more gene variants that can be identified as contributors to sensitivity the better future gene screening platforms or polygenic scores are likely to be.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
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39
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Gonçalves PD, Schuckit MA, Smith TL. Drinking Status Between Ages 50 and 55 for Men From the San Diego Prospective Study Who Developed DSM-IV Alcohol Abuse or Dependence in Prior Follow-Ups. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2018; 78:512-520. [PMID: 28728633 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2017.78.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are prevalent among older individuals, few studies have examined the course and predictors of AUDs from their onset into the person's 50s. This study describes the AUD course from ages 50 to 55 in participants who developed AUDs according to criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), during the San Diego Prospective Study (SDPS). METHOD Among the 397 university students in the SDPS who were followed about every 5 years from age 20 (before AUD onset), 165 developed AUDs, 156 of whom were interviewed at age 55. Age 50-55 outcomes were compared regarding age 20-50 characteristics. Variables that differed significantly across outcome groups were evaluated using binary logistic regression analyses predicting each outcome type. RESULTS Between ages 50 and 55, 16% had low-risk drinking, 36% had high-risk drinking, 38% met DSM-5 AUD criteria, and 10% were abstinent. Baseline predictors of outcome at ages 50-55 included earlier low levels of response to alcohol predicting DSM-5 AUDs and abstinence, higher drinking frequency predicting DSM-5 diagnoses and lower predicting low-risk drinking, higher participation in treatment and/or self-help groups predicting abstinence and lower predicting DSM-5 AUDs, later ages of AUD onset predicting high-risk drinking, and cannabis use disorders predicting abstinent outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Despite the high functioning of these men, few were abstinent or maintained low-risk drinking during the recent 5 years, and 38% met DSM-5 AUD criteria. The data may be helpful to both clinicians and researchers predicting the future course of AUDs in their older patients and research participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Dib Gonçalves
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuropsychology Service and Institute of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Group of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs (GREA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tom L Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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40
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McCutcheon VV, Agrawal A, Kuo SIC, Su J, Dick DM, Meyers JL, Edenberg HJ, Nurnberger JI, Kramer JR, Kuperman S, Schuckit MA, Hesselbrock VM, Brooks A, Porjesz B, Bucholz KK. Associations of parental alcohol use disorders and parental separation with offspring initiation of alcohol, cigarette and cannabis use and sexual debut in high-risk families. Addiction 2018; 113:336-345. [PMID: 28804966 PMCID: PMC5760304 DOI: 10.1111/add.14003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Parental alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and parental separation are associated with increased risk for early use of alcohol in offspring, but whether they increase risks for early use of other substances and for early sexual debut is under-studied. We focused on associations of parental AUDs and parental separation with substance initiation and sexual debut to (1) test the strength of the associations of parental AUDs and parental separation with time to initiation (age in years) of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use and sexual debut and (2) compare the strength of association of parental AUD and parental separation with initiation. DESIGN Prospective adolescent and young adult cohort of a high-risk family study, the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). SETTING Six sites in the United States. PARTICIPANTS A total of 3257 offspring (aged 14-33 years) first assessed in 2004 and sought for interview approximately every 2 years thereafter; 1945 (59.7%) offspring had a parent with an AUD. MEASUREMENTS Diagnostic interview data on offspring substance use and sexual debut were based on first report of these experiences. Parental life-time AUD was based on their own self-report when parents were interviewed (1991-2005) for most parents, or on offspring and other family member reports for parents who were not interviewed. Parental separation was based on offspring reports of not living with both biological parents most of the time between ages 12 and 17 years. FINDINGS Parental AUDs were associated with increased hazards for all outcomes, with cumulative hazards ranging from 1.19 to 2.71. Parental separation was also an independent and consistent predictor of early substance use and sexual debut, with hazards ranging from 1.19 to 2.34. The strength of association of parental separation with substance initiation was equal to that of having two AUD-affected parents, and its association with sexual debut was stronger than the association of parental AUD in one or both parents. CONCLUSIONS Parental alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and parental separation are independent and consistent predictors of increased risk for early alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use and sexual debut in offspring from families with a high risk of parental AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Jinni Su
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - John R. Kramer
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA USA
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Olfson E, Bloom J, Bertelsen S, Budde JP, Breslau N, Brooks A, Culverhouse R, Chan G, Chen LS, Chorlian D, Dick DM, Edenberg HJ, Hartz S, Hatsukami D, Hesselbrock VM, Johnson EO, Kramer JR, Kuperman S, Meyers JL, Nurnberger J, Porjesz B, Saccone NL, Schuckit MA, Stitzel J, Tischfield JA, Rice JP, Goate A, Bierut LJ. CYP2A6 metabolism in the development of smoking behaviors in young adults. Addict Biol 2018; 23:437-447. [PMID: 28032407 PMCID: PMC5491369 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) encodes the enzyme responsible for the majority of nicotine metabolism. Previous studies support that slow metabolizers smoke fewer cigarettes once nicotine dependent but provide conflicting results on the role of CYP2A6 in the development of dependence. By focusing on the critical period of young adulthood, this study examines the relationship of CYP2A6 variation and smoking milestones. A total of 1209 European American young adults enrolled in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism were genotyped for CYP2A6 variants to calculate a previously well-validated metric that estimates nicotine metabolism. This metric was not associated with the transition from never smoking to smoking initiation nor with the transition from initiation to daily smoking (P > 0.4). But among young adults who had become daily smokers (n = 506), decreased metabolism was associated with increased risk of nicotine dependence (P = 0.03) (defined as Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence score ≥4). This finding was replicated in the Collaborative Genetic Study of Nicotine Dependence with 335 young adult daily smokers (P = 0.02). Secondary meta-analysis indicated that slow metabolizers had a 53 percent increased odds (OR = 1.53, 95 percent CI 1.11-2.11, P = 0.009) of developing nicotine dependence compared with normal metabolizers. Furthermore, secondary analyses examining four-level response of time to first cigarette after waking (>60, 31-60, 6-30, ≤5 minutes) demonstrated a robust effect of the metabolism metric in Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (P = 0.03) and Collaborative Genetic Study of Nicotine Dependence (P = 0.004), illustrating the important role of this measure of dependence. These findings highlight the complex role of CYP2A6 variation across different developmental stages of smoking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Olfson
- Child Study Center and Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joseph Bloom
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah Bertelsen
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John P Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Naomi Breslau
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Brooks
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Robert Culverhouse
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Li-Shiun Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - David Chorlian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sarah Hartz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dorothy Hatsukami
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Victor M Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Eric O Johnson
- Behavioral Health Epidemiology Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - John R Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - John Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Nancy L Saccone
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego Medical School, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jerry Stitzel
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jay A Tischfield
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - John P Rice
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alison Goate
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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McCutcheon VV, Schuckit MA, Kramer JR, Chan G, Edenberg HJ, Smith TL, Bender AK, Hesselbrock V, Hesselbrock M, Bucholz KK. Familial association of abstinent remission from alcohol use disorder in first-degree relatives of alcohol-dependent treatment-seeking probands. Addiction 2017; 112:1909-1917. [PMID: 28556494 PMCID: PMC5633502 DOI: 10.1111/add.13890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Studies that have included family history of alcohol use disorder (AUD) as a predictor of remission from AUD have yielded few significant results. The goals of this study were to estimate the association of persistent AUD, non-abstinent remission and abstinent remission ('AUD/remission status') in a proband with AUD/remission status in a relative and to test whether this association differed in related and unrelated proband-relative pairs. DESIGN High-risk family study of alcohol dependence. Probands were recruited from treatment settings and relatives were invited to participate. Baseline assessments occurred between 1991 and 1998 with follow-up between 1996 and 2005. Half of probands were matched with a biological 1st-degree relative with life-time AUD (related group) and half of probands were paired with an unrelated individual with life-time AUD (unrelated group). SETTING Brooklyn, New York; Indianapolis, Indiana; Iowa City, Iowa; San Diego, California; Farmington, Connecticut; and St Louis, Missouri, USA. PARTICIPANTS A total of 606 probands (25.7% female, mean age 37.7) with baseline and follow-up data and 606 of their 1st-degree relatives who had life-ime AUDs (45.8% female, mean age 36.2 years). MEASUREMENTS Persistent AUD, non-abstinent remission and abstinent remission were based on self-report interview data on most recent AUD symptoms and alcohol consumption. Dependent variable was relatives' AUD/remission status. Independent variable was probands' AUD/remission status. FINDINGS A total of 34.6% of probands and 20.6% of relatives were abstinent and 11.1% of probands and 22.8% of relatives were in non-abstinent remission. AUD/remission status was correlated significantly in related (r = 0.23, P = 0.0037) but not in unrelated pairs. A significant interaction of probands' abstinent remission with a variable representing related (versus unrelated, P = 0.003) pairs suggested a familial association for abstinent remission. In related pairs, individuals with an abstinent proband were more likely to be abstinent themselves than were individuals whose proband had persistent AUD [relative risk ratio = 3.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.56-6.85, P = 0.002]; this association was not significant in unrelated pairs. CONCLUSIONS The likelihood of abstinent remission among people with alcohol use disorder appears to be more than three times greater for individuals who are related to an abstinent proband versus those related to a proband with persistent alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivia V. McCutcheon
- Washington University School of Medicine, Dept. of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Marc A. Schuckit
- University of California, San Diego, Dept. of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA 92093
| | | | - Grace Chan
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Dept. of Psychiatry, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Tom L. Smith
- University of California, San Diego, Dept. of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA 92093
| | - Annah K. Bender
- University of Missouri, College of Nursing, St. Louis, MO 63121
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Dept. of Psychiatry, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Michie Hesselbrock
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Dept. of Psychiatry, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Washington University School of Medicine, Dept. of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Schuckit MA, Smith TL, Shafir A, Clausen P, Danko G, Gonçalves PD, Anthenelli RM, Chan G, Kuperman S, Hesselbrock M, Hesselbrock V, Kramer J, Bucholz KK. Predictors of Patterns of Alcohol-Related Blackouts Over Time in Youth From the Collaborative Study of the Genetics of Alcoholism: The Roles of Genetics and Cannabis. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2017; 78:39-48. [PMID: 27936363 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2017.78.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol-related blackouts (ARBs) are anterograde amnesias related to heavy alcohol intake seen in about 50% of drinkers. Although a major determinant of ARBs relates to blood alcohol concentrations, additional contributions come from genetic vulnerabilities and possible impacts of cannabis use disorders (CUDs). We evaluated relationships of genetics and cannabis use to latent class trajectories of ARBs in 829 subjects from the Collaborative Study of the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). METHOD The number of ARBs experienced every 2 years from subjects with average ages of 18 to 25 were entered into a latent class growth analysis in Mplus, and resulting class membership was evaluated in light of baseline characteristics, including CUDs. Correlations of number of ARBs across assessments were also compared for sibling pairs versus unrelated subjects. RESULTS Latent class growth analysis identified ARB-based Classes 1 (consistent low = 42.5%), 2 (moderate low = 28.3%), 3 (moderate high = 22.9%), and 4 (consistent high = 6.3%). A multinomial logistic regression analysis within latent class growth analysis revealed that baseline CUDs related most closely to Classes 3 and 4. The number of ARBs across time correlated .23 for sibling pairs and -.10 for unrelated subjects. CONCLUSIONS Baseline CUDs related to the most severe latent ARB course over time, even when considered along with other trajectory predictors, including baseline alcohol use disorders and maximum number of drinks. Data indicated significant roles for genetic factors for alcohol use disorder patterns over time. Future research is needed to improve understanding of how cannabis adds to the ARB risk and to find genes that contribute to risks for ARBs among drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tom L Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Alexandra Shafir
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Peyton Clausen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - George Danko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Priscila Dib Gonçalves
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robert M Anthenelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Grace Chan
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | | | | | | | - John Kramer
- University of Iowa Hospitals, Iowa City, Iowa
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Gonçalves PD, Smith TL, Anthenelli RM, Danko G, Schuckit MA. Alcohol-related blackouts among college students: impact of low level of response to alcohol, ethnicity, sex, and environmental characteristics. Braz J Psychiatry 2017; 40:128-137. [PMID: 28876407 PMCID: PMC6900764 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2016-2165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore how a genetically-influenced characteristic (the level of response to alcohol [LR]), ethnicity, and sex relate to environmental and attitudinal characteristics (peer drinking [PEER], drinking to cope [COPE], and alcohol expectancies [EXPECT]) regarding future alcohol-related blackouts (ARBs). Methods: Structural equation models (SEMs) were used to evaluate how baseline variables related to ARB patterns in 462 college students over 55 weeks. Data were extracted from a longitudinal study of heavy drinking and its consequences at a U.S. university. Results: In the SEM analysis, female sex and Asian ethnicity directly predicted future ARBs (beta weights 0.10 and -0.11, respectively), while all other variables had indirect impacts on ARBs through alcohol quantities (beta weights ~ 0.23 for European American ethnicity and low LR, 0.21 for cannabis use and COPE, and 0.44 for PEER). Alcohol quantities then related to ARBs with beta = 0.44. The SEM explained 23% of the variance. Conclusion: These data may be useful in identifying college students who are more likely to experience future ARBs over a 1-year period. They enhance our understanding of whether the relationships of predictors to ARBs are direct or mediated through baseline drinking patterns, information that may be useful in prevention strategies for ARBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila D Gonçalves
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Instituto de Psiquiatria, Serviço de Psicologia e Neuropsicologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Instituto de Psiquiatria, Grupo Interdisciplinar de Estudos de Álcool e Drogas (GREA), USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tom L Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - George Danko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego
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Schuckit MA, Smith TL, Danko G, Anthenelli R, Schoen L, Kawamura M, Kramer J, Dick DM, Neale Z, Kuperman S, McCutcheon V, Anokhin AP, Hesselbrock V, Hesselbrock M, Bucholz K. A Prospective Comparison of How the Level of Response to Alcohol and Impulsivity Relate to Future DSM-IV Alcohol Problems in the COGA Youth Panel. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1329-1339. [PMID: 28440866 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol problems reflect both environmental and genetic characteristics that often operate through endophenotypes like low levels of response (low LRs) to alcohol and higher impulsivity. Relationships of these preexisting characteristics to alcohol problems have been studied, but few analyses have included both low LR and impulsivity in the same model. METHODS We extracted prospective data from 1,028 participants in the Prospective Youth Sample of the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). At Time 1 (age 18), these drinking but non-alcohol-dependent males and females completed the Barratt Impulsivity Scale and the Self-Report of the Effects of Alcohol questionnaire regarding drinks required for effects the first 5 times of drinking (SRE5-LR). Two years later, they reported perceived drinking patterns of peers (PEER), their own alcohol expectancies (EXPECT), and their drinking to cope with stress (COPE). Subsequently, at Time 3, participants reported numbers of up to 11 DSM-IV alcohol criterion items experienced in the 2 years since Time 2 (ALC PROBS). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). RESULTS In the SEM, Baseline SRE5-LR and impulsivity were weakly related and did not interact in predicting later ALC PROBS. LR was directly linked to Time 3 ALC PROBS and to PEER, but had no direct path to EXPECT, with partial mediation to ALC PROBS through PEER to EXPECT and via COPE. Impulsivity did not relate directly to ALC PROBS or PEER, but was directly related to EXPECT and COPE, with effects on ALC PROBS also operating through EXPECT and COPE. CONCLUSIONS Low LRs and impulsivity related to Time 3 ALC PROBS through somewhat different paths. Education- and counseling-based approaches to mitigate future alcohol problems may benefit from emphasizing different potential mediators of adverse alcohol outcomes for youth with low LRs versus those with high impulsivity or both characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tom L Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - George Danko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Robert Anthenelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lara Schoen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mari Kawamura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - John Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Zoe Neale
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Child Psychiatry Clinic, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Vivia McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Andrey P Anokhin
- Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Michie Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Kathleen Bucholz
- Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Agrawal A, Tillman R, Grucza RA, Nelson EC, McCutcheon VV, Few L, Conner KR, Lynskey MT, Dick DM, Edenberg HJ, Hesselbrock VM, Kramer JR, Kuperman S, Nurnberger JI, Schuckit MA, Porjesz B, Bucholz KK. Reciprocal relationships between substance use and disorders and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in the Collaborative Study of the Genetics of Alcoholism. J Affect Disord 2017; 213:96-104. [PMID: 28213124 PMCID: PMC5434702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use and misuse and suicidal thoughts and behaviors tend to co-occur. The purpose of this study was to examine whether (a) suicidal ideation and attempt are related to onset of alcohol, nicotine and cannabis use and dependence; (b) early use of alcohol, nicotine and cannabis is associated with onset of suicidal ideation and attempt; and (c) whether these associations persist while controlling for covariates, such as family history of alcohol problems, major depression and other internalizing and externalizing disorders. METHODS The prospective cohort of the Collaborative Study of the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA; N=3277) was used. Cross-sectional and discrete time logistic regression (i.e. survival) analyses examined associations between suicidal ideation and attempt and onset of alcohol, nicotine and cannabis use and dependence. Survival models also examined whether individual early substance use was related to onset of ideation and attempt. RESULTS Ideation was related to 0.71-0.77 odds of onset of subsequent alcohol, nicotine and cannabis use. Attempt was associated with 1.44-1.61 odds of later alcohol, nicotine and cannabis dependence, even after accounting for covariates. Evidence for early substance use being related to subsequent onset of ideation or attempt was limited. Several sex and race differences emerged. LIMITATIONS The sample was ascertained for family history of alcoholism; not all participants had been followed up allowing for censored observations; reporting bias. CONCLUSION Suicide attempts are associated with increased likelihood of onset of substance dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Agrawal
- Washington University School of Medicine, Dept. of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Rebecca Tillman
- Washington University School of Medicine, Dept. of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard A Grucza
- Washington University School of Medicine, Dept. of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elliot C Nelson
- Washington University School of Medicine, Dept. of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Washington University School of Medicine, Dept. of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lauren Few
- Washington University School of Medicine, Dept. of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kenneth R Conner
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Dept. of Emergency Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michael T Lynskey
- Kings College, Institute of Psychiatry, Dept. of Addiction, London, UK
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Dept. of African-American Studies, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Indiana University, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - John R Kramer
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Dept. of Psychiatry - Div. of Psychology, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Depts. of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Dept. of Psychiatry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- University of California San Diego, Dept. of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Dept. of Psychiatry, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Washington University School of Medicine, Dept. of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Schuckit MA. Letter to the Editor of JSAD Regarding the INEBRIA Position Statement. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2017; 78:331-332. [DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2017.78.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marc A. Schuckit
- Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
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Bucholz KK, McCutcheon VV, Agrawal A, Dick DM, Hesselbrock VM, Kramer JR, Kuperman S, Nurnberger JI, Salvatore JE, Schuckit MA, Bierut LJ, Foroud TM, Chan G, Hesselbrock M, Meyers JL, Edenberg HJ, Porjesz B. Comparison of Parent, Peer, Psychiatric, and Cannabis Use Influences Across Stages of Offspring Alcohol Involvement: Evidence from the COGA Prospective Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:359-368. [PMID: 28073157 PMCID: PMC5272776 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND All stages of development of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have not been equally studied. While initiation of drinking has been given considerable attention, other stages have not been as thoroughly investigated. It is not clear whether the same factors are associated consistently across early and late transitions in AUD involvement. High-risk family samples that are enriched for AUD vulnerability and transitions in AUD development offer an opportunity to examine influences across multiple stages of AUD development. METHODS Data from adolescents and young adults from high-risk families were used to study 4 transitions in AUD development-time to first drink, first drink to first problem, first drink to first diagnosis, and first problem to first diagnosis. Cox modeling was used to compare associations of parental AUD, parental separation, peer substance use, offspring ever-use of cannabis, trauma exposures, and internalizing and externalizing psychopathology across transitions. RESULTS Hazards of most transitions were elevated for those who had ever used cannabis, those who attributed substance use to their peers, those with externalizing disorders, and those with parents with AUD. Many risk factors were linked to early initiation of alcohol, particularly cannabis use. Internalizing disorders were associated with later stages. Nonassaultive trauma was associated only with early initiation; assaultive trauma was not associated with any transition. CONCLUSIONS In this large, ethnically diverse sample of high-risk youth, significant influences across transitions were fairly consistent, with externalizing disorders and cannabis ever-use elevating the likelihood of each stage, and peer and parental (and especially maternal AUD) influences linked to initiation and some later stages. Finally, in light of the increasingly permissive legal and social stances toward cannabis in the United States, the marked elevations of all alcohol outcomes observed for cannabis use underscore the importance of studying the underpinnings of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | - John R Kramer
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Michie Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut
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