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Browne J, Wu WC, Jiang L, Singh M, Bozzay ML, Kunicki ZJ, Bayer TA, De Vito AN, Primack JM, McGeary JE, Kelso CM, Rudolph JL. Lower odds of successful community discharge after medical hospitalization for Veterans with schizophrenia: A retrospective cohort study of national data. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 173:58-63. [PMID: 38489871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Medical comorbidity, particularly cardiovascular diseases, contributes to high rates of hospital admission and early mortality in people with schizophrenia. The 30 days following hospital discharge represents a critical period for mitigating adverse outcomes. This study examined the odds of successful community discharge among Veterans with schizophrenia compared to those with major affective disorders and those without serious mental illness (SMI) after a heart failure hospital admission. Data for Veterans hospitalized for heart failure were obtained from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services between 2011 and 2019. Psychiatric diagnoses and medical comorbidities were assessed in the year prior to hospitalization. Successful community discharge was defined as remaining in the community without hospital readmission, death, or hospice for 30 days after hospital discharge. Logistic regression analyses adjusting for relevant factors were used to examine whether individuals with a schizophrenia diagnosis showed lower odds of successful community discharge versus both comparison groups. Out of 309,750 total Veterans in the sample, 7377 (2.4%) had schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 32,472 (10.5%) had major affective disorders (bipolar disorder or recurrent major depressive disorder). Results from adjusted logistic regression analyses demonstrated significantly lower odds of successful community discharge for Veterans with schizophrenia compared to the non-SMI (Odds Ratio [OR]: 0.63; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.60, 0.66) and major affective disorders (OR: 0.65, 95%; CI: 0.62, 0.69) groups. Intervention efforts should target the transition from hospital to home in the subgroup of Veterans with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Browne
- Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- Medical Service, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lan Jiang
- Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mriganka Singh
- Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Melanie L Bozzay
- Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zachary J Kunicki
- Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Thomas A Bayer
- Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI, USA; Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alyssa N De Vito
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Memory and Aging Program, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jennifer M Primack
- Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John E McGeary
- Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Catherine M Kelso
- Veterans Health Administration, Office of Patient Care Services, Geriatrics and Extended Care, Washington DC, USA
| | - James L Rudolph
- Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Health Services, Policy & Practice, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Nonkovic N, Marceau K, McGeary JE, Ramos AM, Palmer RHC, Heath AC, Knopik VS. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with DNA methylation in early adolescence: A sibling comparison design. Dev Psychol 2024:2024-77561-001. [PMID: 38661663 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) may impact offspring biological (e.g., deoxyribonucleic acid methylation [DNAm]) and behavioral (e.g., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder hyperactive/impulsive [ADHD-HI] symptoms) development. There has been consistency in findings of differential methylation in global DNAm, and the specific genes AHRR, CYP1A1, CNTNAP2, MYO1G, and GFI1 in relation to MSDP. The current study aims to (a) replicate the associations of MSDP and DNAm in prior literature in middle childhood-adolescence (cross-sectionally) using a sibling-comparison design where siblings were discordant for MSDP (n = 328 families; Mage Sibling 1 = 13.02; Sibling 2 = 10.20), adjusting for prenatal and postnatal covariates in order to isolate the MSDP exposure on DNAm. We also (b) cross-sectionally explored the role of DNAm in the most robust MSDP-ADHD associations (i.e., with ADHD-HI) previously found in this sample. We quantified smoking exposure severity for each sibling reflecting time and quantity of MSDP, centered relative to the sibling pair's average (i.e., within-family centered, indicating child-specific effects attributable MSDP exposure) and controlling for the sibling average MSDP (i.e., between-family component, indicating familial confounding related to MSDP). We found that child-specific MSDP was associated with global DNAm, and CNTNAP2, CYP1A1, and MYO1G methylation after covariate adjustment, corroborating emerging evidence for a potentially causal pathway between MSDP and DNAm. There was some evidence that child-specific CNTNAP2 and MYO1G methylation partially explained associations between MSDP and ADHD-HI symptoms, though only on one measure (of two). Future studies focused on replication of these findings in a longitudinal genetic design could further solidify the associations found in the current study. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Nonkovic
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University
| | - Kristine Marceau
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University
| | - John E McGeary
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University
| | - Amanda M Ramos
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Rohan H C Palmer
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
| | - Valerie S Knopik
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Purdue University
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McCullar KS, Barker DH, McGeary JE, Saletin JM, Gredvig-Ardito C, Swift RM, Carskadon MA. Altered sleep architecture following consecutive nights of presleep alcohol. Sleep 2024; 47:zsae003. [PMID: 38205895 PMCID: PMC11009025 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Alcohol consumption before sleep decreases sleep latency, explaining the common use of alcohol as a sleep aid. The full impact of alcohol on sleep architecture is not well understood, particularly the potential cumulative effects of presleep alcohol consumption across consecutive nights. Here, we describe the effects of presleep alcohol on sleep architecture across three consecutive nights. METHODS Thirty adult participants took part in a crossover, within-participants study consisting of two sets of three consecutive nights of in-lab polysomnography. For each series of nights, participants drank one of the two beverages: a mixer only or a mixer plus alcohol (targeting a BrAC of 0.08 mg/L), ending 1 hour before lights out. Polysomnography (PSG) was used to stage sleep, and standard sleep variables were extracted. Linear mixed-effect analysis and generalized additive modeling were used to examine the effect of alcohol on sleep architecture. RESULTS Alcohol before sleep increased the rate of slow wave sleep (SWS) accumulation across all three nights and decreased the rate of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep accumulation at the start of each night. Alcohol also decreased the total amount of REM sleep but did not affect the total amount of SWS each night. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that drinking alcohol before sleep substantially affects sleep architecture, including changes to the rate of accumulation of SWS and REM sleep. We show that alcohol disrupts normal sleep architecture, leading to a significant decrease in REM sleep; thus, the use of alcohol as a sleep aid remains a public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie S McCullar
- Neuroscience Department, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Sleep Research Laboratory, E.P. Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - David H Barker
- Sleep Research Laboratory, E.P. Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John E McGeary
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence , RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jared M Saletin
- Sleep Research Laboratory, E.P. Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Robert M Swift
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence , RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mary A Carskadon
- Sleep Research Laboratory, E.P. Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Browne J, Rudolph JL, Jiang L, Bayer TA, Kunicki ZJ, De Vito AN, Bozzay ML, McGeary JE, Kelso CM, Wu WC. Serious mental illness is associated with elevated risk of hospital readmission in veterans with heart failure. J Psychosom Res 2024; 178:111604. [PMID: 38309130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adults with serious mental illness (SMI) have high rates of cardiovascular disease, particularly heart failure, which contribute to premature mortality. The aims were to examine 90- and 365-day all-cause medical or surgical hospital readmission in Veterans with SMI discharged from a heart failure hospitalization. The exploratory aim was to evaluate 180-day post-discharge engagement in cardiac rehabilitation, an effective intervention for heart failure. METHODS This study used administrative data from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services between 2011 and 2019. SMI status and medical comorbidity were assessed in the year prior to hospitalization. Cox proportional hazards models (competing risk of death) were used to evaluate the relationship between SMI status and outcomes. Models were adjusted for VHA hospital site, demographics, and medical characteristics. RESULTS The sample comprised 189,767 Veterans of which 23,671 (12.5%) had SMI. Compared to those without SMI, Veterans with SMI had significantly higher readmission rates at 90 (16.1% vs. 13.9%) and 365 (42.6% vs. 37.1%) days. After adjustment, risk of readmission remained significant (90 days: HR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.11; 365 days: HR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.12). SMI status was not significantly associated with 180-day cardiac rehabilitation engagement (HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.91, 1.07). CONCLUSIONS Veterans with SMI and heart failure have higher 90- and 365-day hospital readmission rates even after adjustment. There were no differences in cardiac rehabilitation engagement based on SMI status. Future work should consider a broader range of post-discharge interventions to understand contributors to readmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Browne
- Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - James L Rudolph
- Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Health Services, Policy & Practice, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lan Jiang
- Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Thomas A Bayer
- Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Zachary J Kunicki
- Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alyssa N De Vito
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Memory and Aging Program, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Melanie L Bozzay
- Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John E McGeary
- Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Catherine M Kelso
- Veterans Health Administration, Office of Patient Care Services, Geriatrics and Extended Care, Washington DC, USA
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- Medical Service, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI, USA
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Nwanaji-Enwerem U, McGeary JE, Grigsby-Toussaint DS. Greenspace, stress, and health: how is epigenetics involved? Front Public Health 2024; 12:1333737. [PMID: 38435282 PMCID: PMC10906089 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1333737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Most expositions of the association between green space and overall health and well-being focus on psychosocial mechanisms. However, discussions of the biological underpinnings of the exposure to green space and health implications are limited. In this paper, we highlight the role epigenetics plays in the manifestation or suppression of stress, in addition to some of the proposed epigenetic mechanisms through which green space mitigates stress. The Health: Epigenetics, Greenspace and Stress (HEGS) model is introduced to explicate this association, and suggestions for research to build the evidence base in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugoji Nwanaji-Enwerem
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - John E. McGeary
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Diana S. Grigsby-Toussaint
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
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Robison RD, Singh M, Jiang L, Riester M, Duprey M, McGeary JE, Goyal P, Wu WC, Erqou S, Zullo A, Rudolph JL, Rogus-Pulia N. Acute Antipsychotic Use and Presence of Dysphagia Among Older Veterans with Heart Failure. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:1303-1310. [PMID: 37478895 PMCID: PMC10527768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine whether new antipsychotic (AP) exposure is associated with dysphagia in hospitalized patients with heart failure (HF). DESIGN Retrospective cohort. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS AP-naïve Veterans hospitalized with HF and subsequently discharged to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) between October 1, 2010, and November 30, 2019. METHODS We linked Veterans Health Administration (VHA) electronic medical records with Centers for Medicare & Medicaid (CMS) Minimum Data Set (MDS) version 3.0 assessments and CMS claims. The exposure variable was administration of ≥1 dose of a typical or atypical AP during hospitalization. Our main outcome measure was dysphagia presence defined by (1) inpatient dysphagia diagnosis codes and (2) the SNF admission MDS 3.0 swallowing-related items to examine post-acute care dysphagia status. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used for risk adjustment. RESULTS The analytic cohort consisted of 29,591 Veterans (mean age 78.5 ± 10.0 years; female 2.9%; n = 865). Acute APs were administered to 9.9% (n = 2941). Those receiving APs had differences in prior dementia [37.1%, n = 1091, vs 22.3%, n = 5942; standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.33] and hospital delirium diagnoses (7.7%, n = 227 vs 2.8%, n = 754; SMD = 0.22). Acute AP exposure was associated with nearly double the risk for hospital dysphagia diagnosis codes [adjusted (adj.) relative risk (RR) 1.9, 95% CI 1.8, 2.1]. At the SNF admission MDS assessment, acute AP administration during hospitalization was associated with an increased dysphagia risk (adj. RR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0, 1.5) both in the oral (adj. RR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2, 2.0) and pharyngeal phases (adj. RR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0, 1.7). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In this retrospective study, AP medication exposure was associated with increased dysphagia coding and MDS assessment. Considering other adverse effects, acute AP should be cautiously administered during hospitalization, particularly in those with dementia. Swallowing function is critical to hydration, nutrition, and medical management of HF; therefore, when acute APs are initiated, a swallow evaluation should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raele Donetha Robison
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH), Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mriganka Singh
- Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports (LTSS-COIN), Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lan Jiang
- Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports (LTSS-COIN), Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Melissa Riester
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Matthew Duprey
- Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports (LTSS-COIN), Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John E McGeary
- Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports (LTSS-COIN), Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Parag Goyal
- Division of Cardiology and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sebhat Erqou
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Division of Cardiology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA; Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Andrew Zullo
- Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports (LTSS-COIN), Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA; Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - James L Rudolph
- Center of Innovation in Long Term Services and Supports (LTSS-COIN), Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA; Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Nicole Rogus-Pulia
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH), Madison, WI, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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Miller MB, Carpenter RW, Freeman LK, Dunsiger S, McGeary JE, Borsari B, McCrae CS, Arnedt JT, Korte P, Merrill JE, Carey KB, Metrik J. Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia on Alcohol Treatment Outcomes Among US Veterans: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry 2023; 80:905-913. [PMID: 37342036 PMCID: PMC10285676 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Importance Three of 4 adults in treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD) report symptoms of insomnia. Yet the first-line treatment for insomnia (cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, CBT-I) is often delayed until abstinence is established. Objective To test the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of CBT-I among veterans early in their AUD treatment and to examine improvement in insomnia as a mechanism for improvement in alcohol use outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants For this randomized clinical trial, participants were recruited through the Addictions Treatment Program at a Veterans Health Administration hospital between 2019 and 2022. Patients in treatment for AUD were eligible if they met criteria for insomnia disorder and reported alcohol use in the past 2 months at baseline. Follow-up visits occurred posttreatment and at 6 weeks. Interventions Participants were randomly assigned to receive 5 weekly sessions of CBT-I or a single session about sleep hygiene (control). Participants were asked to complete sleep diaries for 7 days at each assessment. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes included posttreatment insomnia severity (assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index) and follow-up frequency of any drinking and heavy drinking (4 drinks for women, ≥5 drinks for men; number of days via Timeline Followback) and alcohol-related problems (Short Inventory of Problems). Posttreatment insomnia severity was tested as a mediator of CBT-I effects on alcohol use outcomes at the 6-week follow-up. Results The study cohort included 67 veterans with a mean (SD) age of 46.3 years (11.8); 61 (91%) were male and 6 (9%) female. The CBT-I group included 32 participants, and the sleep hygiene control group 35 participants. Of those randomized, 59 (88%) provided posttreatment or follow-up data (31 CBT-I, 28 sleep hygiene). Relative to sleep hygiene, CBT-I participants reported greater decreases in insomnia severity at posttreatment (group × time interaction: -3.70; 95% CI, -6.79 to -0.61) and follow-up (-3.34; 95% CI, -6.46 to -0.23) and greater improvements in sleep efficiency (posttreatment, 8.31; 95% CI, 1.35 to 15.26; follow-up, 18.03; 95% CI, 10.46 to 25.60). They also reported greater decreases in alcohol problems at follow-up (group × time interaction: -0.84; 95% CI, -1.66 to -0.02), and this effect was mediated by posttreatment change in insomnia severity. No group differences emerged for abstinence or heavy-drinking frequency. Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial, CBT-I outperformed sleep hygiene in reducing insomnia symptoms and alcohol-related problems over time but had no effect on frequency of heavy drinking. CBT-I should be considered a first-line treatment for insomnia, regardless of abstinence. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03806491.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shira Dunsiger
- Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - John E. McGeary
- Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Brian Borsari
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, California
- University of California, San Francisco
| | | | | | - Paul Korte
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Kate B. Carey
- Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jane Metrik
- Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
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8
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Primack JM, Quinn MJ, Carskadon MA, Holman CS, Nazem S, Kelsey MR, Fedorenko EJ, McGeary S, Brick LA, McGeary JE. Longitudinal assessment of the sleep suicide link in Veterans: methods and study protocol. Sleep Adv 2023; 4:zpad025. [PMID: 37303865 PMCID: PMC10254730 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although sleep disruption has emerged as a theoretically consistent and empirically supported suicide risk factor, the mechanistic pathways underlying the sleep-suicide link are less understood. This paper describes the methodology of a study intended to examine longitudinal mechanisms driving the link between sleep and suicide in Veterans at elevated suicide risk. Participants will be 140 Veterans hospitalized for suicide attempt or ideation with plan and intent or those identified through the Suicide Prevention Coordinator (SPC) office as being at acute risk. After study enrollment, actigraphy and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data will be collected for 8 weeks, with follow-up assessments occurring at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 26 weeks. Participants respond to EMA questionnaires, derived from psychometrically validated assessments targeting emotional reactivity, emotion regulation, impulsivity, suicide risk, and sleep timing constructs, five times a day. First and last daily EMA target sleep parameters including sleep quantity, quality, timing, nightmares, and nocturnal awakenings. During follow-up assessments, participants will complete self-report assessments and interviews consistent with EMA constructs and the Iowa Gambling Task. The primary outcome for aim 1 is suicide ideation severity and for the primary outcome for aim 2 is suicide behavior. Findings from this study will improve our understanding of the dynamic interactions among sleep disturbance, emotion reactivity/regulation, and impulsivity to inform conceptual Veteran sleep-suicide mechanistic models. Improved models will be critical to optimizing the precision of suicide prevention efforts that aim to intervene and mitigate risk in Veteran populations, especially during a period of acute risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Primack
- Corresponding author: Jennifer M. Primack, Providence VA Medical Center, 830 Chalkstone Boulevard, Providence, RI 02908, USA.
| | | | - Mary A Carskadon
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- E.P. Bradley Hospital, Sleep Research Laboratory, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Caroline S Holman
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sarra Nazem
- National Center for PTSD Dissemination & Training Division, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Erick J Fedorenko
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Sarah McGeary
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Leslie A Brick
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John E McGeary
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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McGeary JE, Benca-Bachman CE, Risner VA, Beevers CG, Gibb BE, Palmer RHC. Associating broad and clinically defined polygenic scores for depression with depression-related phenotypes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6534. [PMID: 37085695 PMCID: PMC10121555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33645-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Twin studies indicate that 30-40% of the disease liability for depression can be attributed to genetic differences. Here, we assess the explanatory ability of polygenic scores (PGS) based on broad- (PGSBD) and clinical- (PGSMDD) depression summary statistics from the UK Biobank in an independent sample of adults (N = 210; 100% European Ancestry) who were extensively phenotyped for depression and related neurocognitive traits (e.g., rumination, emotion regulation, anhedonia, and resting frontal alpha asymmetry). The UK Biobank-derived PGSBD had small associations with MDD, depression severity, anhedonia, cognitive reappraisal, brooding, and suicidal ideation but only the association with suicidal ideation remained statistically significant after correcting for multiple comparisons. Similarly small associations were observed for the PGSMDD but none remained significant after correcting for multiple comparisons. These findings provide important initial guidance about the expected effect sizes between current UKB PGSs for depression and depression-related neurocognitive phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E McGeary
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Chelsie E Benca-Bachman
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Victoria A Risner
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Brandon E Gibb
- Department of Psychology State, University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Rohan H C Palmer
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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10
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Jampel J, Quinn MJ, Catalano JL, Benca-Bachman CB, Brick L, Philip NS, Swift RM, McGeary JE. Synchronised transcranial magnetic stimulation for substance use-disordered Veterans: protocol for the pilot sham-controlled acceptability trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e066175. [PMID: 36717148 PMCID: PMC9887721 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Substance use disorders (SUDs) take an enormous toll on US Veterans and civilians alike. Existing empirically supported interventions vary by substance and demonstrate only moderate efficacy. Non-invasive brain stimulation represents an innovative treatment for SUDs, yet aspects of traditional neurostimulation may hinder its implementation in SUD populations. Synchronised transcranial magnetic stimulation (sTMS) uses rotating rare earth magnets to deliver low-field stimulation synchronised to an individual's alpha peak frequency that is safe for at-home administration. The current trial aims to assess the acceptability and feasibility of sTMS, as well as the safety of at-home sTMS administration for substance-disordered Veterans. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Sixty Veterans in substance treatment at the Providence Veterans Affairs will be randomised to receive 6 weeks of active or sham sTMS treatment. Eligibility will be confirmed by meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria for an alcohol, cocaine or opioid use disorder. Daily supervised sTMS treatment will occur either in clinic or at home through video monitoring. Clinical and self-report assessments will be completed at baseline, end of treatment and 1-month follow-up. Urine drug screening will occur once per week during the treatment phase. Primary outcomes include treatment adherence/retention and satisfaction to evaluate sTMS feasibility and acceptability in Veterans with SUDs. The safety of at-home sTMS administration will be assessed via adverse event monitoring. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The sTMS device received a significant risk determination for at-home use by the Food and Drug Administration in July 2021. Ethics approval was obtained in August 2021 from the Providence Veterans Affairs institutional review board and research and development committee. Data collection began in September 2021 and is planned to continue through December 2023. Findings will be disseminated at national conferences and in peer-reviewed journals. Results will serve to inform the development of large-scale clinical trials of sTMS efficacy for substance-disordered Veterans. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04336293).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Jampel
- Department of Psychology, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jamie L Catalano
- Therapeutic Sciences Graduate Program, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Chelsie B Benca-Bachman
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Behavioral Genetics of Addition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Leslie Brick
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Quantitative Sciences Program, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Noah S Philip
- The Center of Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Robert M Swift
- The Center of Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - John E McGeary
- The Center of Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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11
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Bayer TA, Jiang L, Erqou S, Kunicki ZJ, Singh M, Duprey M, Bozzay M, McGeary JE, Zullo AR, Wu WC, Gravenstein S, Rudolph JL. Incidence of New Dementia Diagnosis in Veterans Admitted to Nursing Homes After Heart Failure Hospitalization. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:1397-1404. [PMID: 37424463 PMCID: PMC11016306 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospitalization with heart failure (HF) may signal an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Nursing homes routinely assess cognition but the association of these results with new ADRD diagnosis in a population at high risk of ADRD is not known. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between nursing home cognitive assessment results and new diagnosis of dementia after heart failure hospitalization. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included Veterans hospitalized for HF and discharged to nursing homes, from 2010 to 2015, without a prior diagnosis of ADRD. We determined mild, moderate, or severe cognitive impairment using multiple items of the nursing home admission assessment. We used Cox regression to determine the association of cognitive impairment with new ADRD diagnosis during 365 days of follow-up. RESULTS The cohort included 7,472 residents, new diagnosis of ADRD occurred in 4,182 (56%). The adjusted hazard ratio of ADRD diagnosis was 4.5 (95% CI 4.2, 4.8) for the mild impairment group, 5.4 (95% CI 4.8, 5.9) for moderate impairment, and 4.0 (95% CI 3.2, 5.0) for severe impairment compared to the cognitively intact group. CONCLUSION New ADRD diagnoses occurred in more than half of Veterans with HF admitted to nursing homes for post-acute care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Bayer
- Providence VA Medical Center, Long-Term Services and Supports Center of Innovation, Providence, RI, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lan Jiang
- Providence VA Medical Center, Long-Term Services and Supports Center of Innovation, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sebhat Erqou
- Providence VA Medical Center, Long-Term Services and Supports Center of Innovation, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Zachary J. Kunicki
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mriganka Singh
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Matthew Duprey
- Brown University School of Public Health, Department of Health Services Policy and Practice, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Melanie Bozzay
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RI, USA
- Providence VA Medical Center, Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John E. McGeary
- Providence VA Medical Center, Long-Term Services and Supports Center of Innovation, Providence, RI, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Andrew R. Zullo
- Providence VA Medical Center, Long-Term Services and Supports Center of Innovation, Providence, RI, USA
- Brown University School of Public Health, Department of Health Services Policy and Practice, Providence, RI, USA
- Brown University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- Providence VA Medical Center, Long-Term Services and Supports Center of Innovation, Providence, RI, USA
- Brown University School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Providence, RI, USA
- Providence VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stefan Gravenstein
- Providence VA Medical Center, Long-Term Services and Supports Center of Innovation, Providence, RI, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
- Brown University School of Public Health, Department of Health Services Policy and Practice, Providence, RI, USA
| | - James L. Rudolph
- Providence VA Medical Center, Long-Term Services and Supports Center of Innovation, Providence, RI, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
- Brown University School of Public Health, Department of Health Services Policy and Practice, Providence, RI, USA
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12
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Kunicki ZJ, Bayer T, Jiang L, Bozzay ML, Quinn MJ, De Vito AN, Emrani S, Erqou S, McGeary JE, Zullo AR, Duprey MS, Singh M, Primack JM, Kelso CM, Wu WC, Rudolph JL. Comparing Lookback Periods to Ascertain Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2023; 38:15333175231199566. [PMID: 37650437 PMCID: PMC10623942 DOI: 10.1177/15333175231199566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Claims data are a valuable resource for studying Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Alzheimer's disease and related dementias is often identified using a list of claims codes and a fixed lookback period of 3 years of data. However, a 1-year lookback or an approach using all-available lookback data could be beneficial based on different research questions. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare 1-year and all-available lookback approaches to ascertaining ADRD compared to the standard 3-year approach. Using a cohort of Veterans hospitalized for heart failure (N = 373, 897), our results suggested high agreement (93% or greater) between the lookback periods. The 1-year lookback period had lower sensitivity (60%) and underestimated the prevalence of ADRD. These results suggest that 1-year and all-available lookback periods are viable approaches when using claims data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Kunicki
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- VA Center of Innovation in Long Term Services, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Thomas Bayer
- VA Center of Innovation in Long Term Services, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lan Jiang
- VA Center of Innovation in Long Term Services, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - McKenzie J. Quinn
- VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alyssa N. De Vito
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sheina Emrani
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sebhat Erqou
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John E. McGeary
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- VA Center of Innovation in Long Term Services, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Andrew R. Zullo
- VA Center of Innovation in Long Term Services, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Mriganka Singh
- VA Center of Innovation in Long Term Services, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Primack
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- VA Center of Innovation in Long Term Services, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Catherine M. Kelso
- VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
- Office of Patient Care Services, Geriatrics and Extended Care, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- VA Center of Innovation in Long Term Services, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - James L. Rudolph
- VA Center of Innovation in Long Term Services, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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13
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Verma A, Minnier J, Wan ES, Huffman JE, Gao L, Joseph J, Ho YL, Wu WC, Cho K, Gorman BR, Rajeevan N, Pyarajan S, Garcon H, Meigs JB, Sun YV, Reaven PD, McGeary JE, Suzuki A, Gelernter J, Lynch JA, Petersen JM, Zekavat SM, Natarajan P, Dalal S, Jhala DN, Arjomandi M, Gatsby E, Lynch KE, Bonomo RA, Freiberg M, Pathak GA, Zhou JJ, Donskey CJ, Madduri RK, Wells QS, Huang RDL, Polimanti R, Chang KM, Liao KP, Tsao PS, Wilson PWF, Hung AM, O’Donnell CJ, Gaziano JM, Hauger RL, Iyengar SK, Luoh SW. A MUC5B Gene Polymorphism, rs35705950-T, Confers Protective Effects Against COVID-19 Hospitalization but Not Severe Disease or Mortality. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:1220-1229. [PMID: 35771531 PMCID: PMC9746845 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202109-2166oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: A common MUC5B gene polymorphism, rs35705950-T, is associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but its role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and disease severity is unclear. Objectives: To assess whether rs35705950-T confers differential risk for clinical outcomes associated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection among participants in the Million Veteran Program (MVP). Methods: The MUC5B rs35705950-T allele was directly genotyped among MVP participants; clinical events and comorbidities were extracted from the electronic health records. Associations between the incidence or severity of COVID-19 and rs35705950-T were analyzed within each ancestry group in the MVP followed by transancestry meta-analysis. Replication and joint meta-analysis were conducted using summary statistics from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative (HGI). Sensitivity analyses with adjustment for additional covariates (body mass index, Charlson comorbidity index, smoking, asbestosis, rheumatoid arthritis with interstitial lung disease, and IPF) and associations with post-COVID-19 pneumonia were performed in MVP subjects. Measurements and Main Results: The rs35705950-T allele was associated with fewer COVID-19 hospitalizations in transancestry meta-analyses within the MVP (Ncases = 4,325; Ncontrols = 507,640; OR = 0.89 [0.82-0.97]; P = 6.86 × 10-3) and joint meta-analyses with the HGI (Ncases = 13,320; Ncontrols = 1,508,841; OR, 0.90 [0.86-0.95]; P = 8.99 × 10-5). The rs35705950-T allele was not associated with reduced COVID-19 positivity in transancestry meta-analysis within the MVP (Ncases = 19,168/Ncontrols = 492,854; OR, 0.98 [0.95-1.01]; P = 0.06) but was nominally significant (P < 0.05) in the joint meta-analysis with the HGI (Ncases = 44,820; Ncontrols = 1,775,827; OR, 0.97 [0.95-1.00]; P = 0.03). Associations were not observed with severe outcomes or mortality. Among individuals of European ancestry in the MVP, rs35705950-T was associated with fewer post-COVID-19 pneumonia events (OR, 0.82 [0.72-0.93]; P = 0.001). Conclusions: The MUC5B variant rs35705950-T may confer protection in COVID-19 hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Verma
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, and
| | - Jessica Minnier
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health and,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon;,VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
| | - Emily S. Wan
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy Section,,Channing Division of Network Medicine and
| | | | - Lina Gao
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon;,VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jacob Joseph
- Department of Medicine,,Medicine, Cardiovascular, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Wen-Chih Wu
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Providence VA Healthcare System, Providence, Rhode Island;,Alpert Medical School & School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kelly Cho
- MAVERIC,,Medicine, Aging, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and
| | | | - Nallakkandi Rajeevan
- Yale Center for Medical Informatics,,Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (CERC)
| | - Saiju Pyarajan
- MAVERIC,,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Yan V. Sun
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health and,Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Peter D. Reaven
- Department of Medicine, Phoenix VA Healthcare System, Phoenix, Arizona;,College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - John E. McGeary
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island;,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina;,Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, and,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Julie A. Lynch
- VA Informatics & Computing Infrastructure (VINCI), VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, Utah;,Department of Medicine and
| | - Jeffrey M. Petersen
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Zekavat
- Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut;,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sharvari Dalal
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Darshana N. Jhala
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mehrdad Arjomandi
- Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, San Francisco VA Healthcare System, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Elise Gatsby
- VA Informatics & Computing Infrastructure (VINCI), VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kristine E. Lynch
- VA Informatics & Computing Infrastructure (VINCI), VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, Utah;,Internal Medicine, Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | | | - Gita A. Pathak
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, and,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jin J. Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California;,Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Ravi K. Madduri
- Data Science and Learning, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois
| | - Quinn S. Wells
- Department of Medicine,,Department of Biomedical Informatics, and,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Renato Polimanti
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, and,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Philip S. Tsao
- Precision Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Peter W. F. Wilson
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia;,Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Adriana M. Hung
- Department of Veteran’s Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Richard L. Hauger
- Center of Excellence for Stress & Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; and,Center for Behavioral Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sudha K. Iyengar
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio;,Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shiuh-Wen Luoh
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon;,VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
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14
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Berey BL, Aston ER, Kearns NT, McGeary JE, Borsari B, Metrik J. Prospective associations between sleep disturbances and cannabis use among Veterans: A behavioral economic approach. Addict Behav 2022; 134:107424. [PMID: 35863267 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Veterans often use cannabis for sleep despite limited evidence of its efficacy. Moreover, how sleep disturbances impact cannabis use longitudinally is unclear. We applied a behavioral economic framework to examine whether sleep disturbances and cannabis demand (i.e., relative value) were related risk-factors for future cannabis use and problems. METHODS Veterans deployed post-9/11/2001 who reported past 6-month cannabis use at baseline (n = 126) completed surveys on their sleep disturbances, demand via the Marijuana Purchase Task (MPT), and cannabis use. Mediation analyses using Hayes' PROCESS Macro and zero-inflated negative binomial models tested indirect effects of baseline sleep disturbances on 12-month cannabis use frequency, quantity, and problems via 6-month cannabis demand (i.e., intensity, Omax, Pmax, and breakpoint). RESULTS Only Omax (i.e., maximum expenditure for cannabis) was a significant mediator for 12-month cannabis use quantity and problems when examined concurrently with other demand indices after controlling for covariates. Intensity (i.e., purchase at zero cost) was a significant mediator for 12-month cannabis use frequency when examined concurrently with other demand indices in models controlling for lifetime cannabis use, but not past 30-day use at baseline. CONCLUSION Cannabis demand, specifically intensity and Omax, may help to identify Veterans with sleep disturbances who are at increased risk for escalating their cannabis use. Subsequent research should assess the extent that sleep disturbances impact cannabis demand in the context of withdrawal, which will inform novel prevention and intervention strategies geared toward reducing negative cannabis-related outcomes among Veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Berey
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Aston
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, United States
| | - Nathan T Kearns
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate - West, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, United States
| | - John E McGeary
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, United States; Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Brian Borsari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, United States; Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Health Care System, United States
| | - Jane Metrik
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, United States; Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States.
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15
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Nugent NR, Armey M, Boker S, Brick L, Knopik V, McGeary JE, Spirito A, Mehl MR. Adolescents hospitalised for suicidality: biomarkers, social and affective predictors: a cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056063. [PMID: 36192099 PMCID: PMC9535190 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present research examines genomics and in vivo dynamics of family context and experienced affect following discharge from psychiatric hospitalisation for suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STBs). The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of a new model, description of model-guided integration of multiple methods, documentation of feasibility of recruitment and retention and a description of baseline sample characteristics. DESIGN The research involved a longitudinal, multimethod observational investigation. SETTING Participants were recruited from an inpatient child and adolescent psychiatric hospital. 194 participants ages 13-18 were recruited following hospitalisation for STB. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Participants underwent a battery of clinical interviews, self-report assessments and venipuncture. On discharge, participants were provided with a phone with (1) the electronically activated recorder (EAR), permitting acoustic capture later coded for social context, and (2) ecological momentary assessment, permitting assessment of in vivo experienced affect and STB. Participants agreed to follow-ups at 3 weeks and 6 months. RESULTS A total of 71.1% of approached patients consented to participation. Participants reported diversity in gender identity (11.6% reported transgender or other gender identity) and sexual orientation (47.6% reported heterosexual or straight sexual orientation). Clinical interviews supported a range of diagnoses with the largest proportion of participants meeting criteria for major depressive disorder (76.9%). History of trauma/maltreatment was prevalent. Enrolment rates and participant characteristics were similar to other observational studies. CONCLUSIONS The research protocol characterises in vivo, real-world experienced affect and observed family context as associated with STB in adolescents during the high-risk weeks post discharge, merging multiple fields of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Nugent
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Michael Armey
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Psychosocial Research, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Steven Boker
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Leslie Brick
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Valerie Knopik
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - John E McGeary
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Anthony Spirito
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Matthias R Mehl
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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16
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Riester MR, Goyal P, Jiang L, Erqou S, Rudolph JL, McGeary JE, Rogus-Pulia NM, Madrigal C, Quach L, Wu WC, Zullo AR. New Antipsychotic Prescribing Continued into Skilled Nursing Facilities Following a Heart Failure Hospitalization: a Retrospective Cohort Study. J Gen Intern Med 2022; 37:3368-3379. [PMID: 34981366 PMCID: PMC9550891 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-021-07233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimorbidity and polypharmacy are common among individuals hospitalized for heart failure (HF). Initiating high-risk medications such as antipsychotics may increase the risk of poor clinical outcomes, especially if these medications are continued unnecessarily into skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) after hospital discharge. OBJECTIVE Examine how often older adults hospitalized with HF were initiated on antipsychotics and characteristics associated with antipsychotic continuation into SNFs after hospital discharge. DESIGN Retrospective cohort. PARTICIPANTS Veterans without prior outpatient antipsychotic use, who were hospitalized with HF between October 1, 2010, and September 30, 2015, and were subsequently discharged to a SNF. MAIN MEASURES Demographics, clinical conditions, prior healthcare utilization, and antipsychotic use data were ascertained from Veterans Administration records, Minimum Data Set assessments, and Medicare claims. The outcome of interest was continuation of antipsychotics into SNFs after hospital discharge. KEY RESULTS Among 18,008 Veterans, antipsychotics were newly prescribed for 1931 (10.7%) Veterans during the index hospitalization. Among new antipsychotic users, 415 (21.5%) continued antipsychotics in skilled nursing facilities after discharge. Dementia (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.48, 95% CI 1.11-1.98), psychosis (aOR 1.62, 95% CI 1.11-2.38), proportion of inpatient days with antipsychotic use (aOR 1.08, 95% CI 1.07-1.09, per 10% increase), inpatient use of only typical (aOR 0.47, 95% CI 0.30-0.72) or parenteral antipsychotics (aOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.20-0.78), and the day of hospital admission that antipsychotics were started (day 0-4 aOR 0.36, 95% CI 0.23-0.56; day 5-7 aOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.35-0.84 (reference: day > 7 of hospital admission)) were significant predictors of continuing antipsychotics into SNFs after hospital discharge. CONCLUSIONS Antipsychotics are initiated fairly often during HF admissions and are commonly continued into SNFs after discharge. Hospital providers should review antipsychotic indications and doses throughout admission and communicate a clear plan to SNFs if antipsychotics are continued after discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Riester
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
- Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Parag Goyal
- Division of Cardiology and Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lan Jiang
- Center of Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sebhat Erqou
- Center of Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - James L Rudolph
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Center of Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John E McGeary
- Center of Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Nicole M Rogus-Pulia
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Caroline Madrigal
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Center of Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lien Quach
- Center of Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- Center of Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Andrew R Zullo
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Center of Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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17
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Verma A, Huffman JE, Gao L, Minnier J, Wu WC, Cho K, Ho YL, Gorman BR, Pyarajan S, Rajeevan N, Garcon H, Joseph J, McGeary JE, Suzuki A, Reaven PD, Wan ES, Lynch JA, Petersen JM, Meigs JB, Freiberg MS, Gatsby E, Lynch KE, Zekavat SM, Natarajan P, Dalal S, Jhala DN, Arjomandi M, Bonomo RA, Thompson TK, Pathak GA, Zhou JJ, Donskey CJ, Madduri RK, Wells QS, Gelernter J, Huang RDL, Polimanti R, Chang KM, Liao KP, Tsao PS, Sun YV, Wilson PWF, O’Donnell CJ, Hung AM, Gaziano JM, Hauger RL, Iyengar SK, Luoh SW. Association of Kidney Comorbidities and Acute Kidney Failure With Unfavorable Outcomes After COVID-19 in Individuals With the Sickle Cell Trait. JAMA Intern Med 2022; 182:796-804. [PMID: 35759254 PMCID: PMC9237798 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Importance Sickle cell trait (SCT), defined as the presence of 1 hemoglobin beta sickle allele (rs334-T) and 1 normal beta allele, is prevalent in millions of people in the US, particularly in individuals of African and Hispanic ancestry. However, the association of SCT with COVID-19 is unclear. Objective To assess the association of SCT with the prepandemic health conditions in participants of the Million Veteran Program (MVP) and to assess the severity and sequelae of COVID-19. Design, Setting, and Participants COVID-19 clinical data include 2729 persons with SCT, of whom 353 had COVID-19, and 129 848 SCT-negative individuals, of whom 13 488 had COVID-19. Associations between SCT and COVID-19 outcomes were examined using firth regression. Analyses were performed by ancestry and adjusted for sex, age, age squared, and ancestral principal components to account for population stratification. Data for the study were collected between March 2020 and February 2021. Exposures The hemoglobin beta S (HbS) allele (rs334-T). Main Outcomes and Measures This study evaluated 4 COVID-19 outcomes derived from the World Health Organization severity scale and phenotypes derived from International Classification of Diseases codes in the electronic health records. Results Of the 132 577 MVP participants with COVID-19 data, mean (SD) age at the index date was 64.8 (13.1) years. Sickle cell trait was present in 7.8% of individuals of African ancestry and associated with a history of chronic kidney disease, diabetic kidney disease, hypertensive kidney disease, pulmonary embolism, and cerebrovascular disease. Among the 4 clinical outcomes of COVID-19, SCT was associated with an increased COVID-19 mortality in individuals of African ancestry (n = 3749; odds ratio, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.13 to 2.77; P = .01). In the 60 days following COVID-19, SCT was associated with an increased incidence of acute kidney failure. A counterfactual mediation framework estimated that on average, 20.7% (95% CI, -3.8% to 56.0%) of the total effect of SCT on COVID-19 fatalities was due to acute kidney failure. Conclusions and Relevance In this genetic association study, SCT was associated with preexisting kidney comorbidities, increased COVID-19 mortality, and kidney morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Verma
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | | | - Lina Gao
- Knight Cancer Institute, Biostatistics Shared Resource, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jessica Minnier
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
- Knight Cancer Institute, Biostatistics Shared Resource, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Providence VA Healthcare System, Providence, Rhode Island
- Alpert Medical School & School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kelly Cho
- MAVERIC, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Medicine, Aging, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yuk-Lam Ho
- MAVERIC, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Saiju Pyarajan
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nallakkandi Rajeevan
- Yale Center for Medical Informatics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center (CERC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
| | - Helene Garcon
- MAVERIC, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacob Joseph
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John E. McGeary
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
- Brown University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Peter D. Reaven
- Department of Medicine, Phoenix VA Healthcare System, Phoenix, Arizona
- University of Arizona, Phoenix
| | - Emily S. Wan
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy Section, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie A. Lynch
- VA Informatics & Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Utah & University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
| | - Jeffrey M. Petersen
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - James B. Meigs
- Medicine, General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | | | - Elise Gatsby
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure (VINCI), VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kristine E. Lynch
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure (VINCI), VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Internal Medicine, Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Zekavat
- Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Clinical Data Science Research Group, ORD, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Sharvari Dalal
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Darshana N. Jhala
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mehrdad Arjomandi
- Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, San Francisco VA Healthcare System, San Francisco, California
- University of California San Francisco
| | - Robert A. Bonomo
- Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
- Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Gita A. Pathak
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Human Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
| | - Jin J. Zhou
- Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Phoenix
| | - Curtis J. Donskey
- Infectious Disease Section, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ravi K. Madduri
- Data Science and Learning, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois
| | - Quinn S. Wells
- Departments of Medicine, Biomedical Informatics, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Joel Gelernter
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
- Psychiatry, Human Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Renato Polimanti
- Departments of Medicine, Biomedical Informatics, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Psychiatry, Human Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Katherine P. Liao
- Medicine, Rheumatology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine & Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Philip S. Tsao
- Precision Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Yan V. Sun
- Epidemiology, Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Peter W. F. Wilson
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Adriana M. Hung
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - J. Michael Gaziano
- VA Boston Health Care System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard L. Hauger
- Center of Excellence for Stress & Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Center for Behavioral Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Sudha K. Iyengar
- Departments of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shiuh-Wen Luoh
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland
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18
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Feurer C, McGeary JE, Brick LA, Knopik VS, Carper MM, Palmer RHC, Gibb BE. Associations between depression-relevant genetic risk and youth stress exposure: Evidence of gene-environment correlations. J Psychopathol Clin Sci 2022; 131:457-466. [PMID: 35467896 PMCID: PMC9262038 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Familial risk for depression is associated with youth exposure to self-generated dependent stressful life events and independent events that are out of youth's control. Familial risk includes both genetic and environmental influences, raising the question of whether genetic influences, specifically, are associated with youth exposure to both dependent and independent stressful life events. To address this question, this study examined the relation between a genome-wide association study (GWAS)-derived depression-based polygenic risk score (DEP-PRS) and youth experiences of dependent and independent stress. Participants were 180 youth (ages 8 to 14, 52.2% female) of European ancestry and their biological mothers recruited based on the presence versus absence of a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) in the mothers. Youth and mothers were interviewed every 6 months for 2 years regarding the occurrence of stressful life events, which were coded as independent or dependent (self-generated). Results indicated that youth's DEP-PRS and maternal history of MDD were uniquely associated with increased exposure to both dependent and independent events. Similar results were observed when examining major versus minor events separately, with the additional finding of a DEP-PRS × mother MDD interaction for major dependent events such that levels of moderate to severe dependent life stressors were highest among youth with high DEP-PRSs who also had mothers with MDD. These results not only support the presence of depression-relevant gene-environment correlations (rGEs), but also highlight the possibility that rather than only capturing depression-specific genetic liability, GWAS-derived polygenic risk scores may also capture genetic variance contributing to stress exposure. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cope Feurer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - John E. McGeary
- Providence Veterans Affair Medical Center
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - Leslie A. Brick
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | | | - Matthew M. Carper
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - Rohan H. C. Palmer
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University
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19
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Huggett SB, Ikeda AS, McGeary JE, Kaun KR, Palmer RHC. Opioid Use Disorder and Alternative mRNA Splicing in Reward Circuitry. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061045. [PMID: 35741807 PMCID: PMC9222793 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Opiate/opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic relapsing brain disorder that has increased in prevalence in the last two decades in the United States. Understanding the molecular correlates of OUD may provide key insights into the pathophysiology of this syndrome. Using publicly available RNA-sequencing data, our study investigated the possible role of alternative mRNA splicing in human brain tissue (dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and midbrain) of 90 individuals with OUD or matched controls. We found a total of 788 differentially spliced genes across brain regions. Alternative mRNA splicing demonstrated mostly tissue-specific effects, but a functionally characterized splicing change in the clathrin and AP-2-binding (CLAP) domain of the Bridging Integrator 1 (BIN1) gene was significantly linked to OUD across all brain regions. We investigated two hypotheses that may underlie differential splicing in OUD. First, we tested whether spliceosome genes were disrupted in the brains of individuals with OUD. Pathway enrichment analyses indicated spliceosome perturbations in OUD across brain regions. Second, we tested whether alternative mRNA splicing regions were linked to genetic predisposition. Using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of OUD, we found no evidence that DNA variants within or surrounding differentially spliced genes were implicated in the heritability of OUD. Altogether, our study contributes to the understanding of OUD pathophysiology by providing evidence of a possible role of alternative mRNA splicing in OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer B. Huggett
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology at Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (S.B.H.); (A.S.I.)
| | - Ami S. Ikeda
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology at Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (S.B.H.); (A.S.I.)
| | - John E. McGeary
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI 02908, USA;
| | - Karla R. Kaun
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Rohan H. C. Palmer
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology at Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (S.B.H.); (A.S.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(404)-727-7340; Fax: +1-(404)-727-0372
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20
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McGeary JE, Quinn MJ, Starr CN, Borgia M, Benca-Bachman CE, Catalano JL, Philip NS. Variability in response to theta burst TMS for PTSD: The role of epigenetic mediation. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:576-578. [PMID: 35351663 PMCID: PMC9621020 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John E McGeary
- The Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, R.I, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, R.I, USA.
| | - McKenzie J Quinn
- The Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, R.I, USA.
| | - Caitlyn N Starr
- The Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, R.I, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, R.I, USA.
| | - Matthew Borgia
- The Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, R.I, USA.
| | - Chelsie E Benca-Bachman
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, The Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, R.I, USA.
| | - Jamie L Catalano
- Therapeutic Sciences Graduate Program, Division of Biology & Medicine, Brown University, Providence, R.I, USA.
| | - Noah S Philip
- The Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, R.I, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, R.I, USA.
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21
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Peloso GM, Tcheandjieu C, McGeary JE, Posner DC, Ho YL, Zhou JJ, Hilliard AT, Joseph J, O’Donnell CJ, Efird JT, Crawford DC, Wu WC, Arjomandi M, Sun YV, Assimes TL, Huffman JE. Genetic Loci Associated With COVID-19 Positivity and Hospitalization in White, Black, and Hispanic Veterans of the VA Million Veteran Program. Front Genet 2022; 12:777076. [PMID: 35222515 PMCID: PMC8864634 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.777076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has caused symptomatic COVID-19 and widespread death across the globe. We sought to determine genetic variants contributing to COVID-19 susceptibility and hospitalization in a large biobank linked to a national United States health system. We identified 19,168 (3.7%) lab-confirmed COVID-19 cases among Million Veteran Program participants between March 1, 2020, and February 2, 2021, including 11,778 Whites, 4,893 Blacks, and 2,497 Hispanics. A multi-population genome-wide association study (GWAS) for COVID-19 outcomes identified four independent genetic variants (rs8176719, rs73062389, rs60870724, and rs73910904) contributing to COVID-19 positivity, including one novel locus found exclusively among Hispanics. We replicated eight of nine previously reported genetic associations at an alpha of 0.05 in at least one population-specific or the multi-population meta-analysis for one of the four MVP COVID-19 outcomes. We used rs8176719 and three additional variants to accurately infer ABO blood types. We found that A, AB, and B blood types were associated with testing positive for COVID-19 compared with O blood type with the highest risk for the A blood group. We did not observe any genome-wide significant associations for COVID-19 severity outcomes among those testing positive. Our study replicates prior GWAS findings associated with testing positive for COVID-19 among mostly White samples and extends findings at three loci to Black and Hispanic individuals. We also report a new locus among Hispanics requiring further investigation. These findings may aid in the identification of novel therapeutic agents to decrease the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 across all major ancestral populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M. Peloso
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Catherine Tcheandjieu
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - John E. McGeary
- Providence VA Healthcare System, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Daniel C. Posner
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yuk-Lam Ho
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jin J. Zhou
- Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Jacob Joseph
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Cardiology Section, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christopher J. O’Donnell
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Cardiology Section, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jimmy T. Efird
- Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center-Durham, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Dana C. Crawford
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- Providence VA Healthcare System, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Mehrdad Arjomandi
- Medical Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Yan V. Sun
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Huffman
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jennifer E. Huffman,
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22
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Huggett SB, Hatfield JS, Walters JD, McGeary JE, Welsh JW, Mackay TFC, Anholt RRH, Palmer RHC. Ibrutinib as a potential therapeutic for cocaine use disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:623. [PMID: 34880215 PMCID: PMC8654982 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01737-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine use presents a worldwide public health problem with high socioeconomic cost. No current pharmacologic treatments are available for cocaine use disorder (CUD) or cocaine toxicity. To explore pharmaceutical treatments for tthis disorder and its sequelae we analyzed gene expression data from post-mortem brain tissue of individuals with CUD who died from cocaine-related causes with matched cocaine-free controls (n = 71, Mage = 39.9, 100% male, 49% with CUD, 3 samples/brain regions). To match molecular signatures from brain pathology with potential therapeutics, we leveraged the L1000 database honing in on neuronal mRNA profiles of 825 repurposable compounds (e.g., FDA approved). We identified 16 compounds that were negatively associated with CUD gene expression patterns across all brain regions (padj < 0.05), all of which outperformed current targets undergoing clinical trials for CUD (all padj > 0.05). An additional 43 compounds were positively associated with CUD expression. We performed an in silico follow-up potential therapeutics using independent transcriptome-wide in vitro (neuronal cocaine exposure; n = 18) and in vivo (mouse cocaine self-administration; n = 12-15) datasets to prioritize candidates for experimental validation. Among these medications, ibrutinib was consistently linked with the molecular profiles of both neuronal cocaine exposure and mouse cocaine self-administration. We assessed the therapeutic efficacy of ibrutinib using the Drosophila melanogaster model. Ibrutinib reduced cocaine-induced startle response and cocaine-induced seizures (n = 61-142 per group; sex: 51% female), despite increasing cocaine consumption. Our results suggest that ibrutinib could be used for the treatment of cocaine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer B Huggett
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Jeffrey S Hatfield
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Joshua D Walters
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - John E McGeary
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Justine W Welsh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Trudy F C Mackay
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Robert R H Anholt
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry and Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Rohan H C Palmer
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology at Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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23
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Miller MB, Metrik J, McGeary JE, Borsari B, McCrae CS, Maddoux J, Arnedt JT, Merrill JE, Carey KB. Protocol for the Project SAVE randomised controlled trial examining CBT for insomnia among veterans in treatment for alcohol use disorder. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045667. [PMID: 34103317 PMCID: PMC8190049 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As many as 74% of veterans with alcohol use disorders (AUDS) report symptoms of insomnia. Insomnia represents a barrier to alcohol treatment because insomnia symptoms (1) may lead to relapse among those who use alcohol to help them sleep and may negatively impact (2) executive functions and (3) emotion regulation skills. Cognitive-behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is an efficacious first-line treatment for insomnia; however, no research has examined the impact of CBT-I on individuals' response to alcohol treatment. In the Sleep and Alcohol for Veterans (Project SAVE) randomised controlled trial, we hypothesise that CBT-I will enhance the efficacy of alcohol treatment among Veterans with insomnia by enhancing their abilities to attend to treatment, regulate emotions and initiate sleep without alcohol. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Eighty Veterans enrolled in alcohol treatment at the Veterans Administration (VA) hospital will be randomly assigned to receive either CBT-I or single-session sleep hygiene (SH) education. Individuals will be eligible to participate if they meet Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria for moderate to severe AUD and Insomnia Disorder of at least 1-month duration. Participants will complete assessments at baseline, post-treatment and 6-week follow-up. Preliminary process outcomes include retention/recruitment rates and treatment satisfaction (feasibility and acceptability, respectively). Primary outcomes are insomnia severity, percentage of heavy-drinking days and alcohol-related problems. We will assess a variety of secondary clinical and mechanistic outcomes (eg, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, attention and working memory). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval was obtained in October 2018. Data collection began in July 2019 and is planned for completion by July 2021. Trial results will be disseminated at local and national conferences, in peer-reviewed publications and through media outlets, as available. Results will also be shared with interested participants and clinical collaborators at the end of the trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT03806491 (pre-results).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jane Metrik
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Mental Health & Behavioral Sciences Service, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John E McGeary
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Mental Health & Behavioral Sciences Service, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Brian Borsari
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - John Maddoux
- Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - J Todd Arnedt
- Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer E Merrill
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Kate B Carey
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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24
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Lee HH, McGeary JE, Dunsiger S, Baker L, Balasubramanyam A, Knowler WC, Williams DM. The Moderating Effects of Genetic Variations on Changes in Physical Activity Level and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Response to a Life-Style Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychosom Med 2021; 83:440-448. [PMID: 34080585 PMCID: PMC9922170 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior studies identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with physical activity (PA) level in a natural environment and intervention study: rs978656-DNAPTP6, rs10887741-PAPSS2, rs7279064-C18orf2, and rs6265-BDNF. Using the four SNPs' polygenic score (PGS), we examined whether PGS moderates a life-style intervention's effect on changes in PA level and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). METHODS This is a secondary analysis of Look AHEAD, a multicenter randomized controlled trial designed to test the health benefits of a life-style intervention among 2675 participants with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes (ages, 45-76 years). Using linear mixed-effects models, level of PA (Paffenbarger PA questionnaire) and treadmill-assessed CRF were each regressed on four SNPs' PGS, study time (baseline, year 1, and year 4), intervention arm, and interactions between the three. Models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, ancestry principal components (population stratification), and study sites, with Bonferroni corrections for multiple testing (α < .005). Effect modification by age was examined. RESULTS PGS was not predictive of change in CRF or PA level in response to intervention. In analyses without PGS by intervention by time, the relationships between PGS and PA phenotypes were modified by age (p interaction = .048 for CRF and .058 for PA), such that a 1-unit increase in PGS was associated with 24 kcal · wk-1 more in moderate-intensity PA and 0.004 MET higher CRF only among older groups (age >55 years for CRF, >60 years for PA level). CONCLUSIONS The effects of the intervention on PA and CRF were not moderated by the four SNPs. Future studies with extended SNP list should confirm the findings on effect modification by age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold H. Lee
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health
| | - John E. McGeary
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Alpert Medical School
- Genomics Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center
| | - Shira Dunsiger
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, Miriam Hospital
| | - Laura Baker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine
| | - Ashok Balasubramanyam
- Department of Medicine - Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - William C. Knowler
- Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
| | - David M. Williams
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health
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25
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Nolden AA, McGeary JE, Hayes JE. Predominant Qualities Evoked by Quinine, Sucrose, and Capsaicin Associate With PROP Bitterness, but not TAS2R38 Genotype. Chem Senses 2021; 45:383-390. [PMID: 32382729 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variability in the ability to taste thiourea compounds has been studied for 80+ years. Over the last 3 decades, many studies have reported perceived intensity of concentrated propylthiouracil (PROP) associates with greater intensity from a broad range of stimuli, including nonbitter tastants, irritants, and retronasally delivered odorants. Thus, PROP phenotype has become a common measure of individual differences in orosensation. Much, but not all, of the phenotypic variation in PROP bitterness is explained by TAS2R38 polymorphisms. While differences in PROP bitterness are clearly due to genetic variation, mechanistically it is challenging to envision how this receptor (narrowly tuned to the N-C=S moiety) relates to overall orosensory response. Here, we report data for 200+ individuals who had been genotyped for TAS2R38 and phenotyped for PROP in a laboratory setting. Participants also reported the intensity of quinine, capsaicin, and sucrose on a general Labeled Magnitude Scale. Our data recapitulate earlier reports associating PROP bitterness with the intensity of the predominant qualities of sucrose, quinine, and capsaicin; however, we also find correlations between the intensities of sucrose, quinine, and capsaicin were much stronger with each other than with PROP. As expected, TAS2R38 diplotype did not associate with the intensity of sucrose, quinine, or capsaicin. The strength of PROP-capsaicin and PROP-sucrose relationships increased after grouping participants by TAS2R38 diplotype, with the greatest increases in association observed within homozygotes. Collectively, this suggests the suprathreshold intensity of PROP is a confounded phenotype that captures both genetic variation specific to N-C=S compounds and overall orosensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa A Nolden
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - John E McGeary
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.,Division of Behavior Genetics, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John E Hayes
- Sensory Evaluation Center, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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26
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Risner VA, Benca-Bachman CE, Bertin L, Smith AK, Kaprio J, McGeary JE, Chesler E, Knopik V, Friedman N, Palmer RHC. Multi-polygenic Analysis of Nicotine Dependence in Individuals of European Ancestry. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:2102-2109. [PMID: 34008017 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heritability estimates of nicotine dependence (ND) range from 40-70%, but discovery GWAS of ND are underpowered and have limited predictive utility. In this work, we leverage genetically correlated traits and diseases to increase the accuracy of polygenic risk prediction. METHODS We employed a multi-trait model using summary statistic-based best linear unbiased predictors (SBLUP) of genetic correlates of DSM-IV diagnosis of ND in 6,394 individuals of European Ancestry (prevalence = 45.3%, %female = 46.8%, µage = 40.08 [s.d. = 10.43]) and 3,061 individuals from a nationally-representative sample with Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence symptom count (FTND; 51.32% female, mean age = 28.9 [s.d. = 1.70]). Polygenic predictors were derived from GWASs known to be phenotypically and genetically correlated with ND (i.e., Cigarettes per Day (CPD), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-Consumption and AUDIT-Problems), Neuroticism, Depression, Schizophrenia, Educational Attainment, Body Mass Index (BMI), and Self-Perceived Risk-Taking); including Height as a negative control. Analyses controlled for age, gender, study site, and the first 10 ancestral principal components. RESULTS The multi-trait model accounted for 3.6% of the total trait variance in DSM-IV ND. Educational Attainment (β=-0.125; 95% confidence interval (CI): [-0.149,-0.101]), CPD (0.071 [0.047,0.095]), and Self-Perceived Risk-Taking (0.051 [0.026,0.075]) were the most robust predictors. PGS effects on FTND were limited. CONCLUSIONS Risk for ND is not only polygenic, but also pleiotropic. Polygenic effects on ND that are accessible by these traits are limited in size and act additively to explain risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Risner
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology at Emory University, Atlanta GA
| | - Chelsie E Benca-Bachman
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology at Emory University, Atlanta GA
| | - Lauren Bertin
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology at Emory University, Atlanta GA
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Smith Lab, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki Finland
| | - John E McGeary
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence RI.,The Genomic Laboratory, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence RI
| | | | - Valerie Knopik
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN
| | - Naomi Friedman
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Rohan H C Palmer
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology at Emory University, Atlanta GA
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McNamara ME, Shumake J, Stewart RA, Labrada J, Alario A, Allen JJB, Palmer R, Schnyer DM, McGeary JE, Beevers CG. Multifactorial prediction of depression diagnosis and symptom dimensions. Psychiatry Res 2021; 298:113805. [PMID: 33647705 PMCID: PMC8042639 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
While depression is a leading cause of disability, prior investigations of depression have been limited by studying correlates in isolation. A data-driven approach was applied to identify out-of-sample predictors of current depression from adults (N = 217) sampled on a continuum of no depression to clinical levels. The current study used elastic net regularized regression and predictors from sociodemographic, self-report, polygenic scores, resting electroencephalography, pupillometry, actigraphy, and cognitive tasks to classify individuals into currently depressed (MDE), psychiatric control (PC), and no current psychopathology (NP) groups, as well as predicting symptom severity and lifetime MDE. Cross-validated models explained 20.6% of the out-of-fold deviance for the classification of MDEs versus PC, 33.2% of the deviance for MDE versus NP, but -0.6% of the deviance between PC and NP. Additionally, predictors accounted for 25.7% of the out-of-fold variance in anhedonia severity, 65.7% of the variance in depression severity, and 12.9% of the deviance in lifetime depression (yes/no). Self-referent processing, anhedonia, and psychosocial functioning emerged as important differentiators of MDE and PC groups. Findings highlight the advantages of using psychiatric control groups to isolate factors specific to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E McNamara
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
| | - Jason Shumake
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Rochelle A Stewart
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Jocelyn Labrada
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Alexandra Alario
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - John J B Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Rohan Palmer
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David M Schnyer
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - John E McGeary
- Veterans Affairs, Providence RI and Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Christopher G Beevers
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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28
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Shumake J, Mallard TT, McGeary JE, Beevers CG. Inclusion of genetic variants in an ensemble of gradient boosting decision trees does not improve the prediction of citalopram treatment response. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3780. [PMID: 33580158 PMCID: PMC7881144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying in advance who is unlikely to respond to a specific antidepressant treatment is crucial to precision medicine efforts. The current work leverages genome-wide genetic variation and machine learning to predict response to the antidepressant citalopram using data from the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) trial (n = 1257 with both valid genomic and outcome data). A confirmatory approach selected 11 SNPs previously reported to predict response to escitalopram in a sample different from the current study. A novel exploratory approach selected SNPs from across the genome using nested cross-validation with elastic net logistic regression with a predominantly lasso penalty (alpha = 0.99). SNPs from each approach were combined with baseline clinical predictors and treatment response outcomes were predicted using a stacked ensemble of gradient boosting decision trees. Using pre-treatment clinical and symptom predictors only, out-of-fold prediction of a novel treatment response definition based on STAR*D treatment guidelines was acceptable, AUC = .659, 95% CI [0.629, 0.689]. The inclusion of SNPs using confirmatory or exploratory selection methods did not improve the out-of-fold prediction of treatment response (AUCs were .662, 95% CI [0.632, 0.692] and .655, 95% CI [0.625, 0.685], respectively). A similar pattern of results were observed for the secondary outcomes of the presence or absence of distressing side effects regardless of treatment response and achieving remission or satisfactory partial response, assuming medication tolerance. In the current study, incorporating SNP variation into prognostic models did not enhance the prediction of citalopram response in the STAR*D sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Shumake
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Texas At Austin, 305 E. 23rd St., E9000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Travis T Mallard
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Texas At Austin, 305 E. 23rd St., E9000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - John E McGeary
- Providence Veterans Affairs Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Christopher G Beevers
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Texas At Austin, 305 E. 23rd St., E9000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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29
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Palmer RHC, Benca-Bachman CE, Huggett SB, Bubier JA, McGeary JE, Ramgiri N, Srijeyanthan J, Yang J, Visscher PM, Yang J, Knopik VS, Chesler EJ. Multi-omic and multi-species meta-analyses of nicotine consumption. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:98. [PMID: 33542196 PMCID: PMC7862377 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-species translational approaches to human genomic analyses are lacking. The present study uses an integrative framework to investigate how genes associated with nicotine use in model organisms contribute to the genetic architecture of human tobacco consumption. First, we created a model organism geneset by collecting results from five animal models of nicotine exposure (RNA expression changes in brain) and then tested the relevance of these genes and flanking genetic variation using genetic data from human cigarettes per day (UK BioBank N = 123,844; all European Ancestry). We tested three hypotheses: (1) DNA variation in, or around, the 'model organism geneset' will contribute to the heritability to human tobacco consumption, (2) that the model organism genes will be enriched for genes associated with human tobacco consumption, and (3) that a polygenic score based off our model organism geneset will predict tobacco consumption in the AddHealth sample (N = 1667; all European Ancestry). Our results suggested that: (1) model organism genes accounted for ~5-36% of the observed SNP-heritability in human tobacco consumption (enrichment: 1.60-31.45), (2) model organism genes, but not negative control genes, were enriched for the gene-based associations (MAGMA, H-MAGMA, SMultiXcan) for human cigarettes per day, and (3) polygenic scores based on our model organism geneset predicted cigarettes per day in an independent sample. Altogether, these findings highlight the advantages of using multiple species evidence to isolate genetic factors to better understand the etiological complexity of tobacco and other nicotine consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan H. C. Palmer
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Chelsie E. Benca-Bachman
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Spencer B. Huggett
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Jason A. Bubier
- grid.249880.f0000 0004 0374 0039The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME USA
| | - John E. McGeary
- grid.40263.330000 0004 1936 9094Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI USA ,grid.413904.b0000 0004 0420 4094Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI USA
| | - Nikhil Ramgiri
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Jenani Srijeyanthan
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Jingjing Yang
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Peter M. Visscher
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Jian Yang
- grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Valerie S. Knopik
- grid.169077.e0000 0004 1937 2197Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Elissa J. Chesler
- grid.249880.f0000 0004 0374 0039The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME USA
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30
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Jiang JJ, Reupena SM, Naseri T, Swift RM, McGeary JE, McGarvey ST. Alcohol Consumption among Samoan Adults in 2010: Patterns, Correlates and Health Implications. Alcohol Alcohol 2020; 55:681-689. [PMID: 32666120 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We aim to describe alcohol consumption and related problems from a nationwide survey in 2010 in Samoa in association with sociodemographic variables as part of an intervention development. METHODS The sample consisted of 3463 adults, 25-65 years of age. Participants self-reported alcohol consumption in the previous 12 months, patterns of drinking and alcohol-related psychosocial problems. Data about age, census region of residence, highest attained education level, employment, marital status, household assets score and current smoking status were gathered. RESULTS More than one-third of men, 36.1%, and 4.1% of women consumed alcohol in the past year. There were greater proportions of alcohol users among younger adults, <45 years, in both men and women. Among men, being unemployed and residing outside of rural Savai'i and smoking cigarettes were associated with current alcohol use. Among women, tertiary education and cigarette smoking were strongly associated with alcohol use. Among alcohol consumers, almost 75% of both men and women reported being drunk more than once in the prior month, and 58% of men and 81% of women drank heavily, consuming >4 drinks for women and >5 drinks for men at least once per episode in the prior week. More men than women, 51% versus 26%, felt that alcohol consumption had interfered with their daily life. CONCLUSION Our analyses identified correlates of alcohol consumption and associated problems that can help guide the development of targeted interventions for different sex and age groups to mitigate the social and physiological harms of alcohol misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy J Jiang
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetic, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,International Health Institute & Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Take Naseri
- Ministry of Health, Government of Samoa, Apia, Samoa
| | - Robert M Swift
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Center for Alcohol and Addictions & Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - John E McGeary
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Stephen T McGarvey
- International Health Institute & Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Anthropology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Heffernan IM, McGeary JE, Chung CS, Ayala A, Heffernan DS. Unmasking Unique Immune Altering Aspects of the Microbiome as a Tool to Correct Sepsis-Induced Immune Dysfunction. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2020; 22:400-408. [PMID: 32996833 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2020.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sepsis-related mortality is driven by immune dysfunction. A bidirectional micro-organism-immune cell cross talks exists. Gut Bacteroides fragilis-T-cell crosstalk maintains innate immune cell/pathogen homeostasis. Commensal gut Clostridia spp. suppress inflammation and induce gut tolerance. Probiotics are administered to restore immune microbiome homeostasis. Individual microbial components have an immunomodulatory effect. However, probiotic therapies for sepsis-induced immune disruptions are rarely tailored to specific immune responses. Thus, we ask the question as to how components of the intestinal microbiome, often found in probiotic therapies, affect lymphocyte phenotypic profile? Methods: T-lymphocytes were cultured with either monomicrobial or polymicrobial combinations. Microbes used were Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium perfringens, or Lactobacillus acidophilus. Cytokines, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-included interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-22, and IL-33. Flow cytometry was used for T-cell phenotyping for program-death receptor-1 (PD-1) and B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA). T-cell DNA was extracted to assess global epigenetic changes. For translation, IL-33 was measured from surgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients with sepsis with either monomicrobial or polymicrobial infection. Results: Lactobacillus consistently induced IL-22 and IL-33. Bacteroides fragilis induced IL-33 only under polymicrobial (pB) conditions. Within surgical ICU patients, IL-33 levels were higher in polymicrobial versus monomicrobial patients. PD-1+ expression was lowest with either monomicrobial Bacteroides fragilis or Bacteroides fragilis predominant polymicrobial context. Conversely Bacteroides fragilis exposure induced a distinct PD-1-high subpopulation. B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator-positive expression did not differ after individual microbes. Among polymicrobial conditions, Bacteroides fragilis predominant (pB) and Lactobacillus acidophilus predominant (pL) increased BTLA+ expression. DNA methylation was most increased in response to Clostridium perfringens in monomicrobial and in response to Bacteroides fragilis in polymicrobial conditions. Conclusion: Unique microbe/lymphocyte interactions occur. Bacteroides fragilis induced a T-cell phenotype consistent with potential long-term immune recovery. This work begins to discover how varying microbes may induce unique functional and phenotypic T-lymphocyte responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella M Heffernan
- Division of Surgical Research, Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - John E McGeary
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Chun-Shiang Chung
- Division of Surgical Research, Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Division of Surgical Research, Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Daithi S Heffernan
- Division of Surgical Research, Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Lee HH, McGeary JE, Dunsiger S, Baker L, Balasubramanyam A, Knowler WC, Williams DM, McCaffery J. Do Genetic Variations Predict Physical Activity Response To Lifestyle Intervention Among Obese Adults With Diabetes? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000671264.43014.e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Carskadon MA, Chappell KR, Barker DH, Hart AC, Dwyer K, Gredvig-Ardito C, Starr C, McGeary JE. A pilot prospective study of sleep patterns and DNA methylation-characterized epigenetic aging in young adults. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:583. [PMID: 31526398 PMCID: PMC6747743 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4633-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Molecular markers in DNA methylation at a subset of CpG sites are affected by the environment and contribute to biological (epigenetic) age. We hypothesized that shorter sleep duration and possibly irregular sleep would be associated with accelerated epigenetic aging. We examined epigenetic vs. chronological age in 12 young women selected as shorter or longer sleepers studied prospectively across the first 9 weeks of college using a daily online sleep log. Genomic DNA was isolated from two blood samples spanning the interval, and DNA methylation levels were determined and used to measure epigenetic age. RESULTS Epigenetic vs. chronological age differences averaged 2.07 at Time 1 and 1.21 at Time 2. Sleep duration was computed as average daily total sleep time and sleep regularity was indexed using the Sleep Regularity Index. Participants with longer and more regular sleep showed reduced age difference: mean = - 2.48 [95% CI - 6.11; 1.15]; those with shorter and more irregular sleep showed an increased age difference: 3.03 [0.02; 6.03]; and those with either shorter or more irregular sleep averaged no significant change: - 0.49 [- 3.55; 2.56]. These pilot data suggest that short and irregular sleep, even in a young healthy sample, may be associated with accelerated epigenetic aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Carskadon
- EP Bradley Hospital Sleep Research Laboratory, 300 Duncan Drive, Providence, RI, 02906, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Box G-A1, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
| | - Kenneth R Chappell
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI, 02098, USA
| | - David H Barker
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Box G-A1, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.,Bradley Hasbro Children's Research Center, CoroWest, 1 Hoppin Street, Suite 204, Providence, RI, 20903, USA
| | - Anne C Hart
- Department of Neuroscience and Robert J. & Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Kayla Dwyer
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI, 02098, USA
| | | | - Caitlyn Starr
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI, 02098, USA
| | - John E McGeary
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Box G-A1, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.,Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI, 02098, USA
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Palmer RHC, Brick LA, Chou YL, Agrawal A, McGeary JE, Heath AC, Bierut L, Keller MC, Johnson E, Hartz SM, Schuckit MA, Knopik VS. The etiology of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder: Evidence of shared and non-shared additive genetic effects. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 201:147-154. [PMID: 31229702 PMCID: PMC6929687 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholism is a multifactorial disorder influenced by multiple gene loci, each with small effect. Studies suggest shared genetic influences across DSM-IV alcohol dependence symptoms, but shared effects across DSM-5 alcohol use disorder remains unknown. We aimed to test the assumption of genetic homogeneity across the 11 criteria of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (AUD). METHODS Data from 2596 alcohol using individuals of European ancestry from the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment were used to examine the genomewide SNP-heritability (h2SNP) and SNP-covariance (rGSNP) between 11 DSM-5 AUD symptoms. Phenotypic relationships between symptoms were examined to confirm an underlying liability of AUD and the SNP-heritability of the observed latent trait and the co-heritabilityamong AUD symptoms was assessed using Genomic-Relatedness-Matrix-Restricted-Maximum-Likelihood. Genetic covariance among symptoms was examined using factor analysis. RESULTS Phenotypic relationships confirmed a unidimensional underlying liability to AUD. Factor and parallel analyses of the observed genetic variance/covariance provided evidence of genetic homogeneity. Additive genetic effects on DSM-5 AUD symptoms varied from 0.10 to 0.37 and largely overlapped (rG-SNP across symptoms ranged from 0.49 - 0.92). The additive genetic effect on the DSM-5 AUD factor was 0.36, 0.14 for DSM-5 AUD diagnosis, and was 0.22 for DSM-5 AUD severity. CONCLUSIONS Common genetic variants influence DSM-5 AUD symptoms. Despite evidence for a common AUD factor, the evidence of only partially overlapping genetic effects across AUD symptoms further substantiates the need to simultaneously model common and symptom-specific genetic effects in molecular genetic studies in order to best characterize the genetic liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan H C Palmer
- Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University, USA.
| | - Leslie A Brick
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, USA; Division of Behavior Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, USA
| | - Yi-Ling Chou
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John E McGeary
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, USA; Division of Behavior Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, USA; Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, USA
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Laura Bierut
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthew C Keller
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, USA
| | | | - Sarah M Hartz
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Valerie S Knopik
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, USA
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Palmer RHC, McGeary JE, Knopik VS, Bidwell LC, Metrik JM. CNR1 and FAAH variation and affective states induced by marijuana smoking. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2019; 45:514-526. [PMID: 31184938 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2019.1614596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Polymorphisms in cannabinoid receptor type 1 (encoded by CNR1) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (encoded by FAAH) have been associated with cannabis dependence, but it remains unknown whether variation within these genes influences cannabis' acute effects on affect. Objective: Conduct a secondary data analysis study to determine whether previously observed acute effects of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on mood was dependent upon variation in CNR1 and FAAH. Methods: A balanced placebo design was used crossing marijuana administration (i.e., 0% THC vs. 2.8% THC) with stimulus expectancy. Participants (N = 118; 64% male) provided DNA and completed the Profile of Mood States questionnaire prior to and after smoking. Haplotypes were constructed from genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms for CNR1 (rs1049353 and rs806368) and FAAH (rs4141964, rs324420, and rs11576941); rs2023239 (CNR1) and rs6703669 (FAAH) were not part of a phased haplotype block. Analyses tested both main and interaction effects for genotype across CNR1 and FAAH, and drug, and expectancy effects. Results: THC increased levels of POMS Tension-Anxiety and Confusion-Bewilderment over and above the effects of variation in CNR1 and FAAH. Significant drug X genotype/haplotype and expectancy X genotype/haplotype interaction effects were observed for some but not all mood states [e.g., 'C' allele carriers of rs2023239 who received THC had higher levels of Anger-Hostility (β= 0.29 (0.12), p= .02) compared to those who received placebo]. Conclusion: These preliminary findings suggest individual differences in mood states after using marijuana depend on genetic variation. Such information might be useful in understanding either motivation for use of marijuana and/or risk for associated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan H C Palmer
- a Department of Psychology at Emory University, Behavioral Genetics of Addiction Laboratory , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - John E McGeary
- b Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Providence , RI , USA.,c Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University , Providence , RI , USA.,d Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Valerie S Knopik
- e Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , USA
| | - L Cinnamon Bidwell
- f Institute for Cognitive Science, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder , CO , USA
| | - Jane M Metrik
- b Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Providence , RI , USA.,d Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health , Providence , RI , USA
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36
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Carskadon MA, Chappell KR, Barker DH, Hart AC, Dwyer K, Gredvig-Ardito C, McGeary JE. 0022 Prospective Assessment of Sleep and Epigenetic Aging: Preliminary Findings. Sleep 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz067.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Carskadon
- Brown University, EP Bradley Hospital Sleep Research Lab, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - David H Barker
- Brown University, EP Bradley Hospital Sleep Research Lab, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Anne C Hart
- Robert J. & Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kayla Dwyer
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - John E McGeary
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
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37
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Beevers CG, Mullarkey MC, Dainer-Best J, Stewart RA, Labrada J, Allen JJB, McGeary JE, Shumake J. Association between negative cognitive bias and depression: A symptom-level approach. J Abnorm Psychol 2019; 128:212-227. [PMID: 30652884 PMCID: PMC6449499 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive models of depression posit that negatively biased self-referent processing and attention have important roles in the disorder. However, depression is a heterogeneous collection of symptoms and all symptoms are unlikely to be associated with these negative cognitive biases. The current study involved 218 community adults whose depression ranged from no symptoms to clinical levels of depression. Random forest machine learning was used to identify the most important depression symptom predictors of each negative cognitive bias. Depression symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Model performance was evaluated using predictive R-squared (Rpred2), the expected variance explained in data not used to train the algorithm, estimated by 10 repetitions of 10-fold cross-validation. Using the self-referent encoding task (SRET), depression symptoms explained 34% to 45% of the variance in negative self-referent processing. The symptoms of sadness, self-dislike, pessimism, feelings of punishment, and indecision were most important. Notably, many depression symptoms made virtually no contribution to this prediction. In contrast, for attention bias for sad stimuli, measured with the dot-probe task using behavioral reaction time (RT) and eye gaze metrics, no reliable symptom predictors were identified. Findings indicate that a symptom-level approach may provide new insights into which symptoms, if any, are associated with negative cognitive biases in depression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Beevers
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Michael C Mullarkey
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Justin Dainer-Best
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Rochelle A Stewart
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Jocelyn Labrada
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin
| | | | | | - Jason Shumake
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin
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38
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Brick LA, Keller MC, Knopik VS, McGeary JE, Palmer RH. Shared additive genetic variation for alcohol dependence among subjects of African and European ancestry. Addict Biol 2019; 24:132-144. [PMID: 29178570 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol dependence (AD) affects individuals from all racial/ethnic groups, and previous research suggests that there is considerable variation in AD risk between and among various ancestrally defined groups in the United States. Although the reasons for these differences are likely due in part to contributions of complex sociocultural factors, limited research has attempted to examine whether similar genetic variation plays a role across ancestral groups. Using a pooled sample of individuals of African and European ancestry (AA/EA) obtained through data shared within the Database for Genotypes and Phenotypes, we estimated the extent to which additive genetic similarity for AD between AA and EAs using common single nucleotide polymorphisms overlapped across the two populations. AD was represented as a factor score by using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual dependence criteria, and genetic data were imputed by using the 1000 Genomes Reference Panel. Analyses revealed a significant single nucleotide polymorphism-based heritability of 17 percent (SE = 5) in EAs and 24 percent (SE = 15) in AAs. Further, a significant genetic correlation of 0.77 (SE = 0.46) suggests that the allelic architecture influencing the AD factor for EAs and AAs is largely similar across the two populations. Analyses indicated that investigating the genetic underpinnings of alcohol dependence in different ethnic groups may serve to highlight core etiological factors common to both groups and unique etiological factors specific to each ethnic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A. Brick
- Division of Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry; Rhode Island Hospital; Providence RI USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School; Brown University; Providence RI USA
| | - Matthew C. Keller
- Institute for Behavior Genetics, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder CO USA
| | - Valerie S. Knopik
- Division of Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry; Rhode Island Hospital; Providence RI USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School; Brown University; Providence RI USA
| | - John E. McGeary
- Division of Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry; Rhode Island Hospital; Providence RI USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School; Brown University; Providence RI USA
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Providence RI USA
| | - Rohan H.C. Palmer
- Behavior Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology; Emory University; Atlanta GA USA
- Division of Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry; Rhode Island Hospital; Providence RI USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School; Brown University; Providence RI USA
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Dainer-Best J, Disner SG, McGeary JE, Hamilton BJ, Beevers CG. Negative self-referential processing is associated with genetic variation in the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR): Evidence from two independent studies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198950. [PMID: 29897965 PMCID: PMC5999110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The current research examined whether carriers of the short 5-HTTLPR allele (in SLC6A4), who have been shown to selectively attend to negative information, exhibit a bias towards negative self-referent processing. The self-referent encoding task (SRET) was used to measure self-referential processing of positive and negative adjectives. Ratcliff's diffusion model isolated and extracted decision-making components from SRET responses and reaction times. Across the initial (N = 183) and replication (N = 137) studies, results indicated that short 5-HTTLPR allele carriers more easily categorized negative adjectives as self-referential (i.e., higher drift rate). Further, drift rate was associated with recall of negative self-referential stimuli. Findings across both studies provide further evidence that genetic variation may contribute to the etiology of negatively biased processing of self-referent information. Large scale studies examining the genetic contributions to negative self-referent processing may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Dainer-Best
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Seth G. Disner
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - John E. McGeary
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Bethany J. Hamilton
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christopher G. Beevers
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
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40
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Huang H, Zhu Y, Eliot MN, Knopik VS, McGeary JE, Carskadon MA, Hart AC. Combining Human Epigenetics and Sleep Studies in Caenorhabditis elegans: A Cross-Species Approach for Finding Conserved Genes Regulating Sleep. Sleep 2018; 40:3738764. [PMID: 28431118 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives We aimed to test a combined approach to identify conserved genes regulating sleep and to explore the association between DNA methylation and sleep length. Methods We identified candidate genes associated with shorter versus longer sleep duration in college students based on DNA methylation using Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip arrays. Orthologous genes in Caenorhabditis elegans were identified, and we examined whether their loss of function affected C. elegans sleep. For genes whose perturbation affected C. elegans sleep, we subsequently undertook a small pilot study to re-examine DNA methylation in an independent set of human participants with shorter versus longer sleep durations. Results Eighty-seven out of 485,577 CpG sites had significant differential methylation in young adults with shorter versus longer sleep duration, corresponding to 52 candidate genes. We identified 34 C. elegans orthologs, including NPY/flp-18 and flp-21, which are known to affect sleep. Loss of five additional genes alters developmentally timed C. elegans sleep (B4GALT6/bre-4, DOCK180/ced-5, GNB2L1/rack-1, PTPRN2/ida-1, ZFYVE28/lst-2). For one of these genes, ZFYVE28 (also known as hLst2), the pilot replication study again found decreased DNA methylation associated with shorter sleep duration at the same two CpG sites in the first intron of ZFYVE28. Conclusions Using an approach that combines human epigenetics and C. elegans sleep studies, we identified five genes that play previously unidentified roles in C. elegans sleep. We suggest sleep duration in humans may be associated with differential DNA methylation at specific sites and that the conserved genes identified here likely play roles in C. elegans sleep and in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Melissa N Eliot
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Valerie S Knopik
- Division of Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - John E McGeary
- Division of Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI.,Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI
| | - Mary A Carskadon
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI.,E.P. Bradley Hospital Sleep Research Laboratory, Providence, RI.,Center for Sleep Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Anne C Hart
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI
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41
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Feurer C, McGeary JE, Knopik VS, Brick LA, Palmer RH, Gibb BE. HPA axis multilocus genetic profile score moderates the impact of interpersonal stress on prospective increases in depressive symptoms for offspring of depressed mothers. J Abnorm Psychol 2017; 126:1017-1028. [PMID: 29154563 PMCID: PMC5726770 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although offspring of depressed mothers are at an increased risk for depression themselves, not all of these children develop depression, highlighting the need to identify specific environmental and genetic moderators of risk. The goal of this study was to examine the aggregate influence of genetic polymorphisms associated with the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis as a potential moderator of the relation between environmental stress and prospective changes in depressive symptoms for offspring of depressed mothers. Participants were 238 mother-offspring dyads recruited from the community based on the mother's lifetime history of major depression during the youth's lifetime (present vs. absent). Mothers and youth completed assessments every 6 months for 2 years (5 total). Results indicated that offspring of depressed mothers showing the greatest increases in depressive symptoms during the follow up were those who had higher HPA multilocus genetic profile scores and who experienced the highest levels of interpersonal stress. These relations were significant for interpersonal stress and were not observed for noninterpersonal stress. These findings suggest that HPA multilocus genetic profile scores may be important genetic markers of stress reactivity and depression risk for offspring of depressed mothers. They also highlight interpersonal stress as a potentially modifiable risk factor for these high-risk youth. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Cope Feurer
- Center for Affective Science, Binghamton University (SUNY)
| | - John E. McGeary
- Providence Veterans Affair Medical Center, Providence, RI
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Valerie S. Knopik
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
- Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Leslie A. Brick
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
- Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Rohan H. Palmer
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
- Brown University, Providence, RI
- Behavior Genetics of Addiction Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Emory University
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42
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Pearson R, Palmer RHC, Brick LA, McGeary JE, Knopik VS, Beevers CG. Additive genetic contribution to symptom dimensions in major depressive disorder. J Abnorm Psychol 2017; 125:495-501. [PMID: 27124715 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a phenotypically heterogeneous disorder with a complex genetic architecture. In this study, genomic-relatedness-matrix restricted maximum-likelihood analysis (GREML) was used to investigate the extent to which variance in depression symptoms/symptom dimensions can be explained by variation in common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a sample of individuals with MDD (N = 1,558) who participated in the National Institute of Mental Health Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study. A principal components analysis of items from the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) obtained prior to treatment revealed 4 depression symptom components: (a) appetite, (b) core depression symptoms (e.g., depressed mood, anhedonia), (c) insomnia, and (d) anxiety. These symptom dimensions were associated with SNP-based heritability (hSNP2) estimates of 30%, 14%, 30%, and 5%, respectively. Results indicated that the genetic contribution of common SNPs to depression symptom dimensions were not uniform. Appetite and insomnia symptoms in MDD had a relatively strong genetic contribution whereas the genetic contribution was relatively small for core depression and anxiety symptoms. While in need of replication, these results suggest that future gene discovery efforts may strongly benefit from parsing depression into its constituent parts. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Pearson
- Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Rohan H C Palmer
- Division of Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital
| | - Leslie A Brick
- Division of Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital
| | | | - Valerie S Knopik
- Division of Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital
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Miller MB, Van Reen E, Barker DH, Roane BM, Borsari B, McGeary JE, Seifer R, Carskadon MA. The impact of sleep and psychiatric symptoms on alcohol consequences among young adults. Addict Behav 2017; 66:138-144. [PMID: 27940388 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Independent lines of research have documented links between psychiatric symptoms and poor sleep quality, psychiatric symptoms and alcohol use, and alcohol use and poor sleep quality. The current study examined the synergistic effect of poor sleep quality and psychiatric symptoms on alcohol-related consequences in heavy-drinking young adults. METHOD Matriculating college students reporting at least one heavy drinking episode over the first nine weeks of the semester (N=385, 52% female) were categorized as experiencing 'good' (n=280) versus 'poor' sleep quality (n=105) and screening 'positive' (n=203) or 'negative' (n=182) for a psychiatric disorder. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; psychiatric diagnosis was assessed using the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire; and alcohol-related consequences were assessed using the Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire. General linear models were used to examine the main effects and interaction between sleep quality and psychiatric symptoms on alcohol-related consequences. RESULTS Sleep quality moderated the association between psychiatric screen and alcohol-related consequences among heavy-drinking college students, such that psychiatric symptoms were associated with more alcohol-related consequences in the context of poor sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS The combination of poor sleep quality and psychiatric symptoms is associated with increased alcohol-related consequences among heavy-drinking college students. Given the significant interaction between these symptoms, healthcare providers are encouraged to screen for the presence of sleep and psychiatric disorders among heavy-drinking young adults and to provide empirically-supported treatments as appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Miller
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-4, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
| | - Eliza Van Reen
- Sleep for Science Research Lab, Brown University, 300 Duncan Drive, Providence, RI 02906, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 1 Hoppin Street, Coro West Suite 204, Providence, RI 02903, United States
| | - David H Barker
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 1 Hoppin Street, Coro West Suite 204, Providence, RI 02903, United States; Sleep for Science Research Lab, Brown University, 300 Duncan Drive, Providence, RI 02906, United States
| | - Brandy M Roane
- Sleep for Science Research Lab, Brown University, 300 Duncan Drive, Providence, RI 02906, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 1 Hoppin Street, Coro West Suite 204, Providence, RI 02903, United States; University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
| | - Brian Borsari
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, United States
| | - John E McGeary
- Providence VA Medical Center, 830 Chalkstone Ave, Providence, RI 02908, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 1 Hoppin Street, Coro West Suite 204, Providence, RI 02903, United States
| | - Ronald Seifer
- Sleep for Science Research Lab, Brown University, 300 Duncan Drive, Providence, RI 02906, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 1 Hoppin Street, Coro West Suite 204, Providence, RI 02903, United States
| | - Mary A Carskadon
- Sleep for Science Research Lab, Brown University, 300 Duncan Drive, Providence, RI 02906, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 1 Hoppin Street, Coro West Suite 204, Providence, RI 02903, United States; School of Psychology, Social Work, and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Barker DH, Nugent NR, Delgado JR, Knopik VS, Brown LK, Lally MA, McGeary JE. A genetic marker of risk in HIV-infected individuals with a history of hazardous drinking. AIDS Care 2017; 29:1186-1191. [PMID: 28278565 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2017.1291898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity and sensation seeking have been linked to hazardous drinking, increased sexual risk behaviors, and lower treatment adherence among persons living with HIV (PLH). The dopamine active transporter1 (DAT1or SLC6A3) gene has been linked to impulsivity and sensation seeking in several populations but has not been investigated among populations of PLH. This study used data from 201 PLH who report a recent history of heavy episodic drinking. Results indicate that DAT1*10R vs DAT1*9R genotype was related to higher propensity for risk taking (standardized difference score (d) = 0.30 [95% CI: 0.02;0.59]), more hazardous drinking (d = 0.35 [0.05;0.64]), and more condomless sex (rate ratio (RR)= 2.35[1.94; 2.85]), but were counter-intuitively associated with fewer sexual partners (RR = 0.65[0.43;0.91]) and possibly better treatment adherence (d = 0.32 [-0.01;0.65]). Results are consistent with the suggested associations between DAT1 and risk-taking behavior. The counter-intuitive finding for partner selection and treatment adherence may be evidence of additional factors that place PLH at risk for engaging in hazardous drinking as well as relationship difficulties and problems with treatment adherence (e.g., depressive symptoms, avoidant coping, trauma history). Caution is required when using a single gene variant as a marker of complex behaviors and these findings need to be replicated using larger samples and additional variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Barker
- a Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry , Rhode Island Hospital , Providence , USA
| | - Nicole R Nugent
- a Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry , Rhode Island Hospital , Providence , USA.,c Division of Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry , Rhode Island Hospital , Providence , USA
| | - Jeanne R Delgado
- d Department of Medical Education , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , USA
| | - Valerie S Knopik
- a Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , USA.,c Division of Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry , Rhode Island Hospital , Providence , USA
| | - Larry K Brown
- a Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry , Rhode Island Hospital , Providence , USA
| | - Michelle A Lally
- e Department of Medicine , Lifespan Hospitals and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , USA
| | - John E McGeary
- a Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior , The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , USA.,b Department of Psychiatry , Rhode Island Hospital , Providence , USA.,c Division of Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry , Rhode Island Hospital , Providence , USA
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45
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Maddox WT, Gorlick MA, Koslov S, McGeary JE, Knopik VS, Beevers CG. Serotonin Transporter Genetic Variation is Differentially Associated with Reflexive- and Reflective-Optimal Learning. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:1182-1192. [PMID: 26679194 PMCID: PMC6169470 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Learning to respond optimally under a broad array of environmental conditions is a critical brain function that requires engaging the cognitive systems that are optimal for solving the task at hand. Serotonin is implicated in learning and decision-making, but the specific functions of serotonin in system-level cognitive control remain unclear. Across 3 studies, we examined the influence of a polymorphism within the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR polymorphism in SLC6A4) on participants' ability to engage the task appropriate cognitive system when the reflexive (Experiments 1 and 2) or the reflective (Experiment 3) system was optimal. Critically, we utilized a learning task for which all aspects remain fixed with only the nature of the optimal cognitive processing system varying across experiments. Using large community samples, Experiments 1 and 2 (screened for psychiatric diagnosis) found that 5-HTTLPR S/LG allele homozygotes, with putatively lower serotonin transport functionality, outperformed LA allele homozygotes in a reflexive-optimal learning task. Experiment 3 used a large community sample, also screened for psychiatric diagnosis, and found that 5-HTTLPR LA homozygotes, with putatively higher serotonin transport functionality, outperformed S/LG allele homozygotes in a reflective-optimal learning task.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Todd Maddox
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research
,
University of Texas at Austin
,
Austin, TX 78712
,
USA
| | | | - Seth Koslov
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research
,
University of Texas at Austin
,
Austin, TX 78712
,
USA
| | - John E. McGeary
- Psychiatry and Human Behavior
,
Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center
,
Providence, RI
,
USA
| | | | - Christopher G. Beevers
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research
,
University of Texas at Austin
,
Austin, TX 78712
,
USA
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46
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Li WQ, E McGeary J, Cho E, Flint A, Wu S, Ascherio A, Rimm E, Field A, A Qureshi A. Indoor tanning bed use and risk of food addiction based on the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale. J Biomed Res 2017; 31:31-39. [PMID: 28808183 PMCID: PMC5274510 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.31.20160098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The popularity of indoor tanning may be partly attributed to the addictive characteristics of tanning for some individuals. We aimed to determine the association between frequent indoor tanning, which we view as a surrogate for tanning addiction, and food addiction. A total of 67,910 women were included from the Nurses’ Health Study II. In 2005, we collected information on indoor tanning during high school/college and age 25-35 years, and calculated the average use of indoor tanning during these periods. Food addiction was defined as ≥3 clinically significant symptoms plus clinically significant impairment or distress, assessed in 2009 using a modified version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale. Totally 23.3% (15,822) of the participants reported indoor tanning at high school/college or age 25-35 years. A total of 5,557 (8.2%) women met the criteria for food addiction. We observed a dose–response relationship between frequency of indoor tanning and the likelihood of food addiction (Ptrend < 0.0001), independent of depression, BMI, and other confounders. Compared with never indoor tanners, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of food addiction was 1.07 (0.99-1.17) for average indoor tanning 1-2 times/year, 1.25 (1.09-1.43) for 3-5 times/year, 1.34 (1.14-1.56) for 6-11 times/year, 1.61 (1.35-1.91) for 12-23 times/year, and 2.98 (1.95-4.57) for 24 or more times/year. Frequent indoor tanning before or at early adulthood is associated with prevalence of food addiction at middle age. Our data support the addictive property of frequent indoor tanning, which may guide intervention strategies to curb indoor tanning and prevent skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States
| | - John E McGeary
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI 02908, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women
| | - Alan Flint
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Eric Rimm
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Alison Field
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States;Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States;Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States;Division of Adolescent Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Abrar A Qureshi
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States;Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI 02908, United States.,Department of Dermatology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, United States
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47
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Leventhal AM, Kirkpatrick MG, Pester MS, McGeary JE, Swift RM, Sussman S, Kahler CW. Pharmacogenetics of stimulant abuse liability: association of CDH13 variant with amphetamine response in a racially-heterogeneous sample of healthy young adults. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:307-315. [PMID: 27771748 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a predominately Caucasian sample of healthy young adults linked greater amphetamine-induced rewarding effects with the rs3784943 G allele of the cadherin 13 (CDH13; i.e., a cell adhesion molecule implicated in neuronal connectivity) gene. This association has not been subsequently examined, nor has it been studied in Asian populations, which may have greater frequencies of the risk allele. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the association of rs3784943 with amphetamine response in a racially heterogeneous sample (37 % Asian) of healthy young adults. METHODS Participants (N = 84; 18-35 years old) genotyped for rs3784943 completed counterbalanced sessions involving 20 mg oral d-amphetamine or placebo administration. At both sessions, cardiovascular and subjective drug effects measures were collected. RESULTS In the combined racially heterogeneous sample, amphetamine (vs. placebo) effects were significantly greater on "Feel Drug" ratings (p < 0.05) and marginally greater on "Feel High" ratings and systolic blood pressure (p < 0.10) in G/A + G/G genotypes than A/A genotypes. The G allele was more common among Asian than other racial groups. Among the subsample of Asian participants (N = 31), drug effects were significantly greater on Feel Drug (p < 0.05) and marginally greater on Feel High and heart rate (p < 0.10) among Asians with G/A + G/G (vs. A/A) genotypes. CONCLUSIONS In concert with a previous GWAS result, this candidate gene study provides convergent evidence implicating CDH13 rs3784943 variant in d-amphetamine's drug effect profile and suggests generalization to Asian populations. CDH13 and genes coding for other cell adhesion molecules may be worthy of study in the biology of psychostimulant abuse liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC 240, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA. .,Department of Psychology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Matthew G Kirkpatrick
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC 240, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
| | - Mollie S Pester
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC 240, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
| | - John E McGeary
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.,Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Robert M Swift
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.,Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Steve Sussman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC 240, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA.,Department of Psychology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher W Kahler
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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48
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Palmer RHC, Beevers CG, McGeary JE, Brick LA, Knopik VS. A Preliminary Study of Genetic Variation in the Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Systems and Genome-wide Additive Genetic Effects on Depression Severity and Treatment Response. Clin Psychol Sci 2016; 5:158-165. [PMID: 28316879 DOI: 10.1177/2167702616651075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Major depression is a heritable disorder that is commonly treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. However, no study has quantified the overlap in genetic effects between pretreatment depression severity and treatment response and the extent to which genetic effects could be attributed to variation in the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (DA/5-HT). Data (N=1618) from the clinician-rated Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression and the clinician-rated Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology were obtained from participants of European ancestry in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression clinical trial. Genetic variants explained 31%–64% of the variance across assessments of pretreatment depression severity and treatment response. However, effects from the DA/5-HT systems genes were negligible. There was also limited evidence for genetic overlap for pretreatment depression severity and treatment response. Despite the clear genetic contributions to these depression phenotypes, different genetic factors may contribute to depression severity and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan H C Palmer
- Division of Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital; Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - Christopher G Beevers
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - John E McGeary
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Providence VA Medical Center; Division of Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital; Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - Leslie A Brick
- Division of Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital
| | - Valerie S Knopik
- Division of Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital; Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University
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49
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Metrik J, Aston ER, Kahler CW, Rohsenow DJ, McGeary JE, Knopik VS, MacKillop J. Cue-elicited increases in incentive salience for marijuana: Craving, demand, and attentional bias. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 167:82-8. [PMID: 27515723 PMCID: PMC5037029 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incentive salience is a multidimensional construct that includes craving, drug value relative to other reinforcers, and implicit motivation such as attentional bias to drug cues. Laboratory cue reactivity (CR) paradigms have been used to evaluate marijuana incentive salience with measures of craving, but not with behavioral economic measures of marijuana demand or implicit attentional processing tasks. METHODS This within-subjects study used a new CR paradigm to examine multiple dimensions of marijuana's incentive salience and to compare CR-induced increases in craving and demand. Frequent marijuana users (N=93, 34% female) underwent exposure to neutral cues then to lit marijuana cigarettes. Craving, marijuana demand via a marijuana purchase task, and heart rate were assessed after each cue set. A modified Stroop task with cannabis and control words was completed after the marijuana cues as a measure of attentional bias. RESULTS Relative to neutral cues, marijuana cues significantly increased subjective craving and demand indices of intensity (i.e., drug consumed at $0) and Omax (i.e., peak drug expenditure). Elasticity significantly decreased following marijuana cues, reflecting sustained purchase despite price increases. Craving was correlated with demand indices (r's: 0.23-0.30). Marijuana users displayed significant attentional bias for cannabis-related words after marijuana cues. Cue-elicited increases in intensity were associated with greater attentional bias for marijuana words. CONCLUSIONS Greater incentive salience indexed by subjective, behavioral economic, and implicit measures was observed after marijuana versus neutral cues, supporting multidimensional assessment. The study highlights the utility of a behavioral economic approach in detecting cue-elicited changes in marijuana incentive salience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Metrik
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02903, USA; Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.
| | - Elizabeth R. Aston
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02903
| | - Christopher W. Kahler
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02903
| | - Damaris J. Rohsenow
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02903,Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, 02908
| | - John E. McGeary
- Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, 02908,Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903
| | - Valerie S. Knopik
- Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903
| | - James MacKillop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3K7 Canada
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50
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Heritability estimates from twin studies of the multi-faceted phenotype of nicotine dependence (ND) range from moderate to high (31-60%), but vary substantially based on the specific ND-related construct examined. The current study estimated the aggregate role of common genetic variants on key ND constructs. METHOD Genomic-relationship-matrix restricted maximum likelihood (GREML) was used to decompose phenotypic variance across multiple ND indices using 796 125 polymorphisms from 2346 unrelated 'lifetime ever smokers' of European ancestry. Measures included DSM-IV ND and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) summary measures and constituent constructs (e.g. withdrawal severity, tolerance, heaviness of smoking and time spent smoking). Exploratory and confirmatory factor models were used to describe the covariance structure across ND measures; resulting factor(s) were the subject(s) of GREML analyses. RESULTS Factor models indicated highly correlated DSM-IV and FTND factors for ND (0.545, 95% confidence interval 0.50-0.60) that could be represented as a higher-order factor (NIC DEP). Additive genetic influence on NIC DEP was 33% (s.e. = 0.14, p = 0.009). Post-hoc analyses indicated moderate genetic effects on the DSM-IV (34%, s.e. = 0.14, p = 0.008) and FTND (26%, s.e. = 0.14, p = 0.032) factors, both of which were influenced by the same genetic effects (r G-SNP = 1.00, s.e. = 0.09, p < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS Overall, common single nucleotide polymorphisms accounted for a large proportion of the genetic influences on ND-related phenotypes that have been observed in twin studies. Genetic contributions across distinct ND scales were largely influenced by shared genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Bidwell
- Institute of Cognitive Science,University of Colorado at Boulder,Boulder, CO,USA
| | - R H C Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior,Alpert Medical School of Brown University,Providence, RI,USA
| | - L Brick
- Division of Behavioral Genetics,Department of Psychiatry,Rhode Island Hospital,Providence, RI,USA
| | - J E McGeary
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior,Alpert Medical School of Brown University,Providence, RI,USA
| | - V S Knopik
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior,Alpert Medical School of Brown University,Providence, RI,USA
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