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Christensen E, Brydevall M, Albertella L, Samarawickrama SK, Yücel M, Lee RSC. Neurocognitive predictors of addiction-related outcomes: A systematic review of longitudinal studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105295. [PMID: 37391111 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
It is well-established that addiction is typically associated with a distinct pattern of neurocognitive functioning with a consensus that it is typified by impaired top-down executive control and aberrant risk-reward processing. Despite a consensus that neurocognition plays an important role in characterizing and maintaining addictive disorders, there is a lack of systematic, bottom-up synthesis of quantitative evidence showing that neurocognition predicts addictive behaviors, and which neurocognitive constructs have the best predictive validity. This systematic review aimed to assess whether cognitive control and risk-reward processes as defined by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) predict the development and maintenance of addictive behaviors specifically, consumption, severity, and relapse. The findings from this review expose the substantial lack of evidence for neurocognition predicting addiction outcomes. However, there is evidence that suggests reward-related neurocognitive processes may be important for the detection of early risk for addiction, as well as a potentially viable target for designing novel, more effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erynn Christensen
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Maja Brydevall
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lucy Albertella
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sashka K Samarawickrama
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Child Development and Digital Technologies Lab, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Rico S C Lee
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Green R, Meredith LR, Mewton L, Squeglia LM. Adolescent Neurodevelopment Within the Context of Impulsivity and Substance Use. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2023; 10:166-177. [PMID: 38009082 PMCID: PMC10671920 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-023-00485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The aim of the present review is to provide an update on recent studies examining adolescent neurodevelopment in the context of impulsivity and substance use. We provide a review of the neurodevelopmental changes in brain structure and function related to impulsivity, substance use, and their intersection. Recent Findings When examining brain structure, smaller gray matter volume coupled with lower white matter integrity is associated with greater impulsivity across three components: trait impulsivity, choice impulsivity, and response inhibition. Altered functional connectivity in networks including the inhibitory control network and reward processing network confers risk for greater impulsivity and substance use. Summary Across brain structure and function, there is evidence to suggest that overlapping areas involved in the rise in impulsivity during adolescence contribute to early substance use initiation and escalation. These overlapping neurodevelopmental correlates have promising implications for prevention and early intervention efforts for adolescent substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- ReJoyce Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lindsay R. Meredith
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Louise Mewton
- Matilda Centre for Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lindsay M. Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Weidberg S, González-Roz A, Castaño Y, Secades-Villa R. Emotion dysregulation in relation to cannabis use and mental health among young adults. Addict Behav 2023; 144:107757. [PMID: 37224581 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion dysregulation (ED) is a transdiagnostic variable that accounts for the onset and maintenance of mental health disorders. The interplay between ED, cannabis use and mental health has not been appraised in the young adult population and whether there are sex-dependent effects has yet to be examined. This study looked at whether ED mediates the association between past-month cannabis use and mental health, while considering sex as a moderator. METHODS 2,762 (64.2% women) undergraduate Spanish students completed an online battery. Among others, they fulfilled the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-28). A two-way ANOVA assessed the effects of sex and past-month cannabis use on participants' DASS-21 scores. A set of moderated mediations tested whether the indirect effect of past-month cannabis use on DASS-21 through DERS differed by sex. RESULTS Past-month cannabis female users showed higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress (M = 51.10, SD = 26.72) than did men [(M = 33.76, SD = 20.31); F(1, 2758) = 5.119, p =.024, η2p =.002]. In female young adults only, the effect of past-month cannabis use on mental health was mediated by ED (total score), non-acceptance of emotional responses, lack of emotional control, difficulties in engaging in goal-directed behavior, and lack of emotional clarity (all p's < 0.005) CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate the importance of considering ED in assessment and intervention practices. Interventions targeting ED may be particularly effective for female young adult cannabis users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Weidberg
- Department of Psychology. Addictive Behaviors Research Group (GCA), University of Oviedo. Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alba González-Roz
- Department of Psychology. Addictive Behaviors Research Group (GCA), University of Oviedo. Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Yasmina Castaño
- Department of Psychology. University of the Balearic Islands. Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122, Palma, Spain
| | - Roberto Secades-Villa
- Department of Psychology. Addictive Behaviors Research Group (GCA), University of Oviedo. Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Spain
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Shen T, Chen C, Tang S, Gao Y, Wang C, Tao S, Wang D. Sensation Seeking and Substance use in Chinese Adolescents: Longitudinal Trajectories and Prospective Within-person Associations. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:1481-1499. [PMID: 36840852 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Sensation seeking has been extensively demonstrated as a risk factor for substance use. Potential bidirectional associations between sensation seeking and substance use at the within-person level are incompletely understood. The present study examined longitudinal trajectories of sensation seeking and substance use and bidirectional longitudinal associations between sensation seeking and substance use in Chinese adolescents during a 3-year period over three time points. A total of 10,138 adolescents (59.8%) male; Mage = 16.77, SD = 0.83 at time (1) were surveyed. Sensation seeking and substance use frequency increased concomitantly over time. At the within-person level, sensation seeking and substance use were reciprocally predictable, and there were no evidence of sex difference in longitudinal associations. This study provides unique data concerning the relationship between sensation seeking and substance use in a sample of Chinese adolescents, and highlights the importance of identifying sensation seeking behaviors to prevent substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenghui Shen
- Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for Research in Early Development and Childcare, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.,College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Chuqi Chen
- College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Sai Tang
- College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for Research in Early Development and Childcare, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Sha Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Daoyang Wang
- Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for Research in Early Development and Childcare, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China. .,College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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McArdle P, Coulton S, Kaner E, Gilvarry E, Drummond C. Alcohol Misuse among English Youth, Are Harms Attributable to Alcohol or to Underlying Disinhibitory Characteristics? Alcohol Alcohol 2022; 57:372-377. [PMID: 34875694 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol use by young people is associated with a range of psychological and physical harms. However, similar harms are also reported with disinhibitory conditions such as conduct problems that are said to precede and predispose to alcohol misuse. We explored whether alcohol use or indicators of underlying disinhibition predict psychological and physical harms in a cohort of young people. METHODS We used data from a randomised controlled intervention trial that identified young people who consumed alcohol (n = 756), mean age = 15.6 years, attending emergency departments (EDs) in England. Disinhibition was measured by the self-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire hyperactivity and conduct problem items, and alcohol-related harms by questions from the ESPAD, a major European school survey. We conducted a mediation analysis with a primary outcome of frequency of engaging in alcohol-related harms 12 months after screening in ED, exploring for the mediating influence of alcohol consumed at six months. We included age, gender, allocated group and baseline consumption as covariates and adjusted for the multi-level nature of the study, where young people were nested within EDs. RESULTS Conduct problems and to a lesser extent hyperactivity predicted harms at twelve months. This effect was not mediated by alcohol consumed at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Among young drinkers underlying behavioural attributes predict harm independently of alcohol use. This suggests that the harms associated with alcohol use are attributable more to underlying disinhibitory characteristics than the quantity of alcohol consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul McArdle
- Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, St. Nicholas Hospital, Jubilee Road, NE3 3XT, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Simon Coulton
- Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NF, UK
| | - Eileen Kaner
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, NE2 4AX, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Eilish Gilvarry
- Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, St. Nicholas Hospital, Jubilee Road, NE3 3XT, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Colin Drummond
- Addictions Department, National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 de Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
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Fröhner JH, Ripke S, Jurk S, Li SC, Banaschewski T, Bokde AL, Quinlan EB, Desrivières S, Flor H, Grigis A, Garavan H, Heinz A, Brühl R, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Artiges E, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Smolka MN. Associations of delay discounting and drinking trajectories from ages 14 to 22. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:667-681. [PMID: 35257381 PMCID: PMC9018624 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While drinking alcohol, one must choose between the immediate rewarding effects and the delayed reward of a healthier lifestyle. Individuals differ in their devaluation of a delayed reward based on the time required to receive it, i.e., delay discounting (DD). Previous studies have shown that adolescents discount more steeply than adults and that steeper DD is associated with heavier alcohol use in both groups. METHODS In a large-scale longitudinal study, we investigated whether higher rates of DD are an antecedent or a consequence of alcohol use during adolescent development. As part of the IMAGEN project, 2220 adolescents completed the Monetary Choice Questionnaire as a DD measure, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and the Timeline Follow Back interview at ages 14, 16, 18, and 22. Bivariate latent growth curve models were applied to investigate the relationship between DD and drinking. To explore the consequences of drinking, we computed the cumulative alcohol consumption and correlated it with the development of discounting. A subsample of 221 participants completed an intertemporal choice task (iTeCh) during functional magnetic resonance imaging at ages 14, 16, and 18. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to differentiate between high-risk and low-risk drinkers on the development of neural processing during intertemporal choices. RESULTS Overall, high rates of DD at age 14 predicted a greater increase in drinking over 8 years. In contrast, on average, moderate alcohol use did not affect DD from ages 14 to 22. Of note, we found indicators for less brain activity in top-down control areas during intertemporal choices in the participants who drank more. CONCLUSIONS Steep DD was shown to be a predictor rather than a consequence of alcohol use in low-level drinking adolescents. Important considerations for future longitudinal studies are the sampling strategies to be used and the reliability of the assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane H. Fröhner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah Jurk
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Shu-Chen Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arun L.W. Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Erin Burke Quinlan
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, 05405 Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Brühl
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie"; Université Paris-Saclay, École normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli; Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie"; Université Paris-Saclay, École normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli; Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales & psychiatrie"; Université Paris-Saclay, École normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli; Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Psychiatry Department, EPS Barthélémy Durand, Etampes, France
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Göttingen, von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, SGDP Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom
- PONS Research Group, Dept of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Humboldt University, Berlin and Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany, and Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Relationship between sensation seeking, alcohol problems and bulimic symptoms: a community-based, longitudinal study. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:589-595. [PMID: 33900563 PMCID: PMC8933307 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The association of bulimic symptoms with sensation seeking is uncertain; however, both behaviors have been linked to alcohol problems. We assessed in a longitudinal, community-based setting whether sensation seeking in adolescence is associated with bulimic symptoms in early adulthood, also accounting for alcohol problems. METHODS Finnish men (N = 2000) and women (N = 2467) born between 1974-1979 completed Zuckerman's sensation seeking scale (SSS) at age 18. Alcohol problems (Malmö-modified Michigan alcoholism screening test (Mm-MAST) and bulimic symptoms [eating disorder inventory-2, bulimia subscale (EDI-Bulimia), population and clinical scoring systems] were defined at age 22-27. We examined relationships between SSS, Mm-MAST, and EDI-Bulimia using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and linear regression. RESULTS Alcohol problems were moderately correlated with sensation seeking and bulimic symptoms (population scoring) among women and men (r = 0.21-0.31). The correlation between sensation seeking and bulimic symptoms (population scoring) was weak among men (r = 0.06, p = 0.006) and even weaker and non-significant among women (r = 0.03, p = 0.214). Adjustment for alcohol problems removed the association between sensation seeking and bulimic symptoms among men. Furthermore, there were no significant correlations between sensation seeking and bulimic symptoms when assessing EDI-Bulimia clinical scoring. CONCLUSION Sensation seeking and bulimic symptoms were not associated among women. The association between sensation seeking and bulimic symptoms among men was entirely attributable to increased alcohol problems among those with higher sensation seeking. While this association may be important on the population level, its clinical significance may be minor. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, well-designed cohort study.
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Burton S, Puddephatt JA, Baines L, Sheen F, Warren JG, Jones A. Limited Evidence of Associations Between Executive Functioning and Alcohol Involvement In UK Adolescents. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 56:754-762. [PMID: 33836535 PMCID: PMC8557664 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Deficits in motor inhibitory control and working memory have been hypothesized to be both a cause and consequence of heavy alcohol use. Adolescence is a critical developmental stage for inhibitory control and working memory, and it is also a stage when individuals are most likely to initiate alcohol use. This study aimed to examine whether inhibitory control and working memory would predict alcohol use and involvement in a group of UK adolescents. Methods We recruited 220 (N = 178, female) adolescents, aged between 16 and 18, from eight higher education settings in the Merseyside region of the UK. Alcohol use was examined using the Timeline Follow-Back and involvement (and related problems) using the Adolescent Alcohol Involvement Scale. A reward-based inhibitory control task (Go/No-Go) was used to examine the inhibition and reward sensitivity, and a self-ordered pointing task was used to measure working memory. Results Multiple regression demonstrated that neither inhibitory control (b = 0.02 (95% confidence interval (CI): −0.21, 0.24)) nor working memory (b = −0.12 (95% CI: −0.30, 0.07)) were significant predictors of alcohol use (units consumed). Inhibitory control (b = 0.61 (95% CI: 0.12, 1.09), specifically, in the no reward condition and school deprivation (b = 0.67 (95% CI: 0.06, 1.28) significantly predicted alcohol-related problems. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated limited evidence that deficits in specific mechanisms of executive functioning (i.e. motor inhibition and working memory) were associated with alcohol-related problems in UK adolescents. This study adds to an increasing body of literature suggesting weak or non-existent links between inhibitory control, working memory and alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Burton
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK
| | - Jo-Anne Puddephatt
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK
| | - Laura Baines
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK
| | - Florence Sheen
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK
| | - Jasmine G Warren
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK
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Sensation seeking versus alcohol use: Evaluating temporal precedence using cross-lagged panel models. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 219:108430. [PMID: 33310382 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensation seeking has been theoretically conceptualized as the personality trait for novel and complex experiences responsible for the predilection of engaging in risky activities. The study evaluated several cross-lagged panel models premised on various measurement variations of sensation seeking to determine the extent that each representation operates as the temporal antecedent or consequent of alcohol use. METHODS Participants (N = 201) were United States college students under 21 years of age. The measures, completed in two assessments separated by a month, included the Sensation Seeking Scale-V (SSS-V) and its subscales of boredom susceptibility, disinhibition, experience seeking, thrill & adventure seeking; the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS); and the frequency and quantity of alcoholic drinks. Cross-lagged panel models containing synchronous correlations, auto-regressive paths, and cross-lagged paths were estimated in path analysis using structural equation modeling. RESULTS The cross-lagged panel model results varied depending on the measurement variant of sensation seeking. The SSS-V emerged as a longitudinal precursor to both drink frequency and quantity. Thrill & adventure seeking longitudinally anticipated drink frequency and quantity. However, disinhibition and drink quantity reciprocally reinforced one another across time. Boredom susceptibility and experience seeking did not exhibit any temporal directionality with alcohol behaviors. Furthermore, the BSSS operated as a longitudinal precursor of drink quantity. CONCLUSIONS Findings help to unravel the temporal precedent of sensation seeking versus alcohol behaviors based on the scrutiny of various sensation seeking measurement approaches.
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Impulsivity traits and neurocognitive mechanisms conferring vulnerability to substance use disorders. Neuropharmacology 2020; 183:108402. [PMID: 33189766 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Impulsivity - the tendency to act without sufficient consideration of potential consequences in pursuit of short-term rewards - is a vulnerability marker for substance use disorders (SUD). Since impulsivity is a multifaceted construct, which encompasses trait-related characteristics and neurocognitive mechanisms, it is important to ascertain which of these aspects are significant contributors to SUD susceptibility. In this review, we discuss how different trait facets, cognitive processes and neuroimaging indices underpinning impulsivity contribute to the vulnerability to SUD. We reviewed studies that applied three different approaches that can shed light on the role of impulsivity as a precursor of substance use related problems (versus a consequence of drug effects): (1) longitudinal studies, (2) endophenotype studies including non-affected relatives of people with SUD, and (3) clinical reference groups-based comparisons, i.e., between substance use and behavioural addictive disorders. We found that, across different methodologies, the traits of non-planning impulsivity and affect-based impulsivity and the cognitive processes involved in reward-related valuation are consistent predictors of SUD vulnerability. These aspects are associated with the structure and function of the medial orbitofrontal-striatal system and hyperexcitability of dopamine receptors in this network. The field still needs more theory-driven, comprehensive studies that simultaneously assess the different aspects of impulsivity in relation to harmonised SUD-related outcomes. Furthermore, future studies should investigate the impact of impulsivity-related vulnerabilities on novel patterns of substance use such as new tobacco and cannabinoid products, and the moderating impact of changes in social norms and lifestyles on the link between impulsivity and SUD. This article is part of the special issue on 'Vulnerabilities to Substance Abuse'.
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Herman AM, Duka T. The Role of Impulsivity Facets on the Incidence and Development of Alcohol Use Disorders. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2020; 47:197-221. [PMID: 32474898 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2020_137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a chronic relapsing disorder defined according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association 2013), "by a cluster of behavioural and physical symptoms, which can include, withdrawal, tolerance and craving". Social, emotional, behavioural and cognitive factors are important contributors to AUD. Impulsivity, a multifaceted behavioural concept, defined as a predisposition for rapid and unplanned actions, without considering potential negative consequences of these actions, represents an important such factor. In this chapter, research on the role of distinct impulsivity dimensions in different severity stages of alcohol use is presented.Increased self-reported (trait) impulsivity and an inability to wait, as well as difficulty to adjust behaviour appropriately following a failure to withhold a response are observed across the spectrum of alcohol-use severities. Research on temporal impulsivity (inability to delay gratification) consistently shows deficits in more severe alcohol users. Data on temporal impulsivity in early stages of alcohol use are less consistent, with some studies showing no differences between high and moderate drinkers, while others indicating increased impulsivity in high alcohol users. Data on reflexion impulsivity are currently limited to draw conclusions. Recent research is also presented suggesting the importance of perception and interpretation of physiological and emotional signals on alcohol use behaviour highlighting the necessity of comprehensive integration of the field of the study of emotion and interoception with impulsivity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Herman
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK.,School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK.,Sussex Addiction Research and Intervention Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Theodora Duka
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK. .,Sussex Addiction Research and Intervention Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK.
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Kräplin A, Höfler M, Pooseh S, Wolff M, Krönke KM, Goschke T, Bühringer G, Smolka MN. Impulsive decision-making predicts the course of substance-related and addictive disorders. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:2709-2724. [PMID: 32500211 PMCID: PMC7501099 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated whether patterns of impulsive decision-making (i) differ between individuals with DSM-5 substance use disorders (SUD) or non-substance-related addictive disorders (ND) and healthy controls, and (ii) predict the increase of SUD and ND severity after one year. METHODS In a prospective-longitudinal community study, 338 individuals (19-27 years, 59% female) were included in one of three groups: SUD (n = 100), ND (n = 118), or healthy controls (n = 120). Group differences in four impulsive decision-making facets were analyzed with the Bayesian priors: delay discounting (mean = 0.37, variance = 0.02), probability discounting for gains and for losses (each - 0.16, 0.02), and loss aversion (- 0.44, 0.02). SUD and ND severity were assessed at baseline and after 1 year (n = 312, 92%). Predictive associations between decision-making and SUD/ND severity changes were analyzed with the Bayesian prior: mean = 0.25, variance = 0.016. RESULTS Compared with controls, the SUD group displayed steeper delay discounting and lower probability discounting for losses; the ND group displayed lower probability discounting for losses (posterior probabilities > 98%). SUD symptom increase after 1 year was predicted by steeper delay discounting and lower loss aversion; ND symptom increase by lower probability discounting for losses and lower loss aversion (posterior probabilities > 98%). There was low evidence for predictive relations between decision-making and the quantity-frequency of addictive behaviours. DISCUSSION Impulsive decision-making characterizes SUD and ND and predicts the course of SUD and ND symptoms but not the engagement in addictive behaviours. Strength of evidence differed between different facets of impulsive decision-making and was mostly weaker than a priori expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kräplin
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,Work Group Addictive Behaviors, Risk Analysis and Risk Management, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Straße 46, 01187, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Michael Höfler
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Shakoor Pooseh
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany ,grid.5963.9Freiburg Center for Data Analysis and Modeling, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Max Wolff
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany ,grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus-Martin Krönke
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Goschke
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerhard Bühringer
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany ,grid.417840.e0000 0001 1017 4547IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany ,grid.10825.3e0000 0001 0728 0170Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Michael N. Smolka
- grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Department of Psychiatry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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