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Wang L, Kumar R, Winblad B, Pavlov PF. Structure-based discovery of small molecule inhibitors of FKBP51-Hsp90 protein-protein interaction. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 270:116356. [PMID: 38579621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The heat shock protein 90 kDa (Hsp90) molecular chaperone machinery is responsible for the folding and activation of hundreds of important clients such as kinases, steroid hormone receptors, transcription factors, etc. This process is dynamically regulated in an ATP-dependent manner by Hsp90 co-chaperones including a group of tetratricopeptide (TPR) motif proteins that bind to the C-terminus of Hsp90. Among these TPR containing co-chaperones, FK506-binding protein 51 kDa (FKBP51) is reported to play an important role in stress-related pathologies, psychiatric disorders, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer, making FKBP51-Hsp90 interaction a potential therapeutic target. In this study, we report identification of potent and selective inhibitors of FKBP51-Hsp90 protein-protein interaction using a structure-based virtual screening approach. Upon in vitro evaluation, the identified hits show a considerable degree of selectivity towards FKBP51 over other TPR proteins, particularly for highly homologous FKBP52. Tyr355 of FKBP51 emerged as an important contributor to inhibitor's specificity. Additionally, we demonstrate the impact of these inhibitors on cellular energy metabolism, and neurite outgrowth, which are subjects of FKBP51 regulation. Overall, the results from this study highlight a novel pharmacological approach towards regulation of FKBP51 function and more generally, Hsp90 function via its interaction with TPR co-chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Solna, Sweden; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), 221005, Varanasi, India.
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Solna, Sweden; Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Pavel F Pavlov
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Solna, Sweden
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2
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Kalinichenko LS, Kohl Z, Mühle C, Hassan Z, Hahn A, Schmitt EM, Macht K, Stoyanov L, Moghaddami S, Bilbao R, Eulenburg V, Winkler J, Kornhuber J, Müller CP. Sex-specific pleiotropic changes in emotional behavior and alcohol consumption in human α-synuclein A53T transgenic mice during early adulthood. J Neurochem 2024; 168:269-287. [PMID: 38284431 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Point mutations in the α-synuclein coding gene may lead to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is often accompanied by other psychiatric conditions, such as anxiety, depression, and drug use disorders, which typically emerge in adulthood. Some of these point mutations, such as SNCA and A30T, have been linked to behavioral effects that are not commonly associated with PD, especially regarding alcohol consumption patterns. In this study, we investigated whether the familial PD point mutation A53T is associated with changes in alcohol consumption behavior and emotional states at ages not yet characterized by α-synuclein accumulation. The affective and alcohol-drinking phenotypes remained unaltered in female PDGF-hA53T-synuclein-transgenic (A53T) mice during both early and late adulthood. Brain region-specific activation of ceramide-producing enzymes, acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), and neutral sphingomyelinase (NSM), known for their neuroprotective properties, was observed during early adulthood but not in late adulthood. In males, the A53T mutation was linked to a reduction in alcohol consumption in both early and late adulthood. However, male A53T mice displayed increased anxiety- and depression-like behaviors during both early and late adulthood. Enhanced ASM activity in the dorsal mesencephalon and ventral hippocampus may potentially contribute to these adverse behavioral effects of the mutation in males during late adulthood. In summary, the A53T gene mutation was associated with diverse changes in emotional states and alcohol consumption behavior long before the onset of PD, and these effects varied by sex. These alterations in behavior may be linked to changes in brain ceramide metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov S Kalinichenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zacharias Kohl
- Division of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Agnes Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kilian Macht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lyubomir Stoyanov
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Schayan Moghaddami
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roberto Bilbao
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Volker Eulenburg
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Division of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Qiu B, Zhong Z, Dou L, Xu Y, Zou Y, Weldon K, Wang J, Zhang L, Liu M, Williams KE, Spence JP, Bell RL, Lai Z, Yong W, Liang T. Knocking out Fkbp51 decreases CCl 4-induced liver injury through enhancement of mitochondrial function and Parkin activity. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:1. [PMID: 38167156 PMCID: PMC10763032 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01184-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previously, we found that FK506 binding protein 51 (Fkbp51) knockout (KO) mice resist high fat diet-induced fatty liver and alcohol-induced liver injury. The aim of this research is to identify the mechanism of Fkbp51 in liver injury. METHODS Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury was compared between Fkbp51 KO and wild type (WT) mice. Step-wise and in-depth analyses were applied, including liver histology, biochemistry, RNA-Seq, mitochondrial respiration, electron microscopy, and molecular assessments. The selective FKBP51 inhibitor (SAFit2) was tested as a potential treatment to ameliorate liver injury. RESULTS Fkbp51 knockout mice exhibited protection against liver injury, as evidenced by liver histology, reduced fibrosis-associated markers and lower serum liver enzyme levels. RNA-seq identified differentially expressed genes and involved pathways, such as fibrogenesis, inflammation, mitochondria, and oxidative metabolism pathways and predicted the interaction of FKBP51, Parkin, and HSP90. Cellular studies supported co-localization of Parkin and FKBP51 in the mitochondrial network, and Parkin was shown to be expressed higher in the liver of KO mice at baseline and after liver injury relative to WT. Further functional analysis identified that KO mice exhibited increased ATP production and enhanced mitochondrial respiration. KO mice have increased mitochondrial size, increased autophagy/mitophagy and mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDV), and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which supports enhancement of mitochondrial quality control (MQC). Application of SAFit2, an FKBP51 inhibitor, reduced the effects of CCl4-induced liver injury and was associated with increased Parkin, pAKT, and ATP production. CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of FKBP51 represents a promising therapeutic target for liver disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Qiu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CI, 06520, USA
| | - Zhaohui Zhong
- General Surgery Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Longyu Dou
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuxue Xu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yi Zou
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, UT Health, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Korri Weldon
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, UT Health, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Kent E Williams
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA
| | - John Paul Spence
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA
| | - Richard L Bell
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, UT Health, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Weidong Yong
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA.
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Tiebing Liang
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, 46202, USA.
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4
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Williams KE, Zou Y, Qiu B, Kono T, Guo C, Garcia D, Chen H, Graves T, Lai Z, Evans-Molina C, Ma YY, Liangpunsakul S, Yong W, Liang T. Sex-Specific Impact of Fkbp5 on Hippocampal Response to Acute Alcohol Injection: Involvement in Alterations of Metabolism-Related Pathways. Cells 2023; 13:89. [PMID: 38201293 PMCID: PMC10778370 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
High levels of alcohol intake alter brain gene expression and can produce long-lasting effects. FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) encoded by Fkbp5 is a physical and cellular stress response gene and has been associated with alcohol consumption and withdrawal severity. Fkbp5 has been previously linked to neurite outgrowth and hippocampal morphology, sex differences in stress response, and epigenetic modification. Presently, primary cultured Fkbp5 KO and WT mouse neurons were examined for neurite outgrowth and mitochondrial signal with and without alcohol. We found neurite specification differences between KO and WT; particularly, mesh-like morphology was observed after alcohol treatment and confirmed higher MitoTracker signal in cultured neurons of Fkbp5 KO compared to WT at both naive and alcohol-treated conditions. Brain regions that express FKBP51 protein were identified, and hippocampus was confirmed to possess a high level of expression. RNA-seq profiling was performed using the hippocampus of naïve or alcohol-injected (2 mg EtOH/Kg) male and female Fkbp5 KO and WT mice. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between Fkbp5 KO and WT at baseline and following alcohol treatment, with female comparisons possessing a higher number of DEGs than male comparisons. Pathway analysis suggested that genes affecting calcium signaling, lipid metabolism, and axon guidance were differentially expressed at naïve condition between KO and WT. Alcohol treatment significantly affected pathways and enzymes involved in biosynthesis (Keto, serine, and glycine) and signaling (dopamine and insulin receptor), and neuroprotective role. Functions related to cell morphology, cell-to-cell signaling, lipid metabolism, injury response, and post-translational modification were significantly altered due to alcohol. In summary, Fkbp5 plays a critical role in the response to acute alcohol treatment by altering metabolism and signaling-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent E. Williams
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (K.E.W.); (T.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Yi Zou
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.Z.); (D.G.); (Z.L.)
| | - Bin Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
| | - Tatsuyoshi Kono
- Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (T.K.); (C.E.-M.)
| | - Changyong Guo
- Department Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (C.G.); (Y.-Y.M.)
| | - Dawn Garcia
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.Z.); (D.G.); (Z.L.)
| | - Hanying Chen
- Department Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Tamara Graves
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (K.E.W.); (T.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.Z.); (D.G.); (Z.L.)
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (T.K.); (C.E.-M.)
| | - Yao-Ying Ma
- Department Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (C.G.); (Y.-Y.M.)
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (K.E.W.); (T.G.); (S.L.)
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Weidong Yong
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Tiebing Liang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (K.E.W.); (T.G.); (S.L.)
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5
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Li Y, Vogel C, Kalinichenko LS, Hübner H, Weikert D, Schaefer N, Gmeiner P, Villmann C, Pischetsrieder M, Müller CP. The beer component hordenine inhibits alcohol addiction-associated behaviours in mice. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13305. [PMID: 37500485 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a widespread behaviour that may eventually result in the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Alcohol, however, is rarely consumed in pure form but in fruit- or corn-derived preparations, like beer. These preparations add other compounds to the consumption, which may critically modify alcohol intake and AUD risk. We investigated the effects of hordenine, a barley-derived beer compound on alcohol use-related behaviours. We found that the dopamine D2 receptor agonist hordenine (50 mg/kg) limited ongoing alcohol consumption and prophylactically diminished relapse drinking after withdrawal in mice. Although not having reinforcing effects on its own, hordenine blocked the establishment of alcohol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). However, it independently enhanced alcohol CPP retrieval. Hordenine had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on locomotor activity. Chronic hordenine exposure enhanced monoamine tissue levels in many brain regions. Further characterization revealed monoaminergic binding sites of hordenine and found a strong binding on the serotonin and dopamine transporters, and dopamine D3 , and adrenergic α1A and α2A receptor activation but no effects on GABAA receptor or glycinergic signalling. These findings suggest that natural ingredients of beer, like hordenine, may work as an inhibitory and use-regulating factor by their modulation of monoaminergic signalling in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Vogel
- Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Liubov S Kalinichenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dorothee Weikert
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Natascha Schaefer
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carmen Villmann
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Monika Pischetsrieder
- Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Cruz B, Vozella V, Carper BA, Xu JC, Kirson D, Hirsch S, Nolen T, Bradley L, Fain K, Crawford M, Kosten TR, Zorrilla EP, Roberto M. FKBP5 inhibitors modulate alcohol drinking and trauma-related behaviors in a model of comorbid post-traumatic stress and alcohol use disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1144-1154. [PMID: 36396784 PMCID: PMC10267127 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01497-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) leads to enhanced alcohol drinking and development of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Identifying shared neural mechanisms might help discover new therapies for PTSD/AUD. Here, we employed a rat model of comorbid PTSD/AUD to evaluate compounds that inhibit FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP5), a co-chaperone modulator of glucocorticoid receptors implicated in stress-related disorders. Male and female rats received a familiar avoidance-based shock stress followed by voluntary alcohol drinking. We then assessed trauma-related behaviors through sleep bout cycles, hyperarousal, fear overgeneralization, and irritability. To evaluate the role of stress and alcohol history on the sensitivity to FKBP5 inhibitors, in two separate studies, we administered two FKBP5 inhibitors, benztropine (Study 1) or SAFit2 (Study 2). FKBP5 inhibitors were administered on the last alcohol drinking session and prior to each trauma-related behavioral assessment. We also measured plasma corticosterone to assess the actions of FKBP5 inhibitors after familiar shock stress and alcohol drinking. Benztropine reduced alcohol preference in stressed males and females, while aggressive bouts were reduced in benztropine-treated stressed females. During hyperarousal, benztropine reduced several startle response outcomes across stressed males and females. Corticosterone was reduced in benztropine-treated stressed males. The selective FKBP5 inhibitor, SAFit2, reduced alcohol drinking in stressed males but not females, with no differences in irritability. Importantly, SAFit2 decreased fear overgeneralization in stressed males and females. SAFit2 also reduced corticosterone across stressed males and females. Neither FKBP5 inhibitor changed sleep bout structure. These findings indicate that FKBP5 inhibitors modulate stress-related alcohol drinking and partially modulate trauma-related behaviors. This work supports the hypothesis that targeting FKBP5 may alleviate PTSD/AUD comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Cruz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92073, USA
| | - Valentina Vozella
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92073, USA
| | - Benjamin A Carper
- Social, Statistical and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Joy C Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92073, USA
| | - Dean Kirson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92073, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Shawn Hirsch
- Social, Statistical and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Tracy Nolen
- Social, Statistical and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Lauren Bradley
- Social, Statistical and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Katie Fain
- Social, Statistical and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Meg Crawford
- Social, Statistical and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Thomas R Kosten
- Division of Alcohol and Addiction Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Eric P Zorrilla
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92073, USA.
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92073, USA.
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7
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Malekpour M, Shekouh D, Safavinia ME, Shiralipour S, Jalouli M, Mortezanejad S, Azarpira N, Ebrahimi ND. Role of FKBP5 and its genetic mutations in stress-induced psychiatric disorders: an opportunity for drug discovery. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1182345. [PMID: 37398599 PMCID: PMC10313426 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1182345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced mental health disorders are affecting many people around the world. However, effective drug therapy for curing psychiatric diseases does not occur sufficiently. Many neurotransmitters, hormones, and mechanisms are essential in regulating the body's stress response. One of the most critical components of the stress response system is the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The FKBP prolyl isomerase 51 (FKBP51) protein is one of the main negative regulators of the HPA axis. FKBP51 negatively regulates the cortisol effects (the end product of the HPA axis) by inhibiting the interaction between glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and cortisol, causing reduced transcription of downstream cortisol molecules. By regulating cortisol effects, the FKBP51 protein can indirectly regulate the sensitivity of the HPA axis to stressors. Previous studies have indicated the influence of FKBP5 gene mutations and epigenetic changes in different psychiatric diseases and drug responses and recommended the FKBP51 protein as a drug target and a biomarker for psychological disorders. In this review, we attempted to discuss the effects of the FKBP5 gene, its mutations on different psychiatric diseases, and drugs affecting the FKBP5 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Malekpour
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Dorsa Shekouh
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Shadi Shiralipour
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Jalouli
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sahar Mortezanejad
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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8
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Buffa V, Knaup FH, Heymann T, Springer M, Schmidt MV, Hausch F. Analysis of the Selective Antagonist SAFit2 as a Chemical Probe for the FK506-Binding Protein 51. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:361-371. [PMID: 36926456 PMCID: PMC10012253 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) has emerged as an important regulator of the mammalian stress response and is involved in persistent pain states and metabolic pathways. The FK506 analog SAFit2 (short for selective antagonist of FKBP51 by induced fit) was the first potent and selective FKBP51 ligand with an acceptable pharmacokinetic profile. At present, SAFit2 represents the gold standard for FKBP51 pharmacology and has been extensively used in numerous biological studies. Here we review the current knowledge on SAFit2 as well as guidelines for its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Buffa
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Fabian H. Knaup
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tim Heymann
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Margherita Springer
- Research
Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias V. Schmidt
- Research
Group Neurobiology of Stress Resilience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Hausch
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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9
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Goltseker K, Garay P, Bonefas K, Iwase S, Barak S. Alcohol-specific transcriptional dynamics of memory reconsolidation and relapse. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:55. [PMID: 36792579 PMCID: PMC9932068 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Relapse, a critical issue in alcohol addiction, can be attenuated by disruption of alcohol-associated memories. Memories are thought to temporarily destabilize upon retrieval during the reconsolidation process. Here, we provide evidence for unique transcriptional dynamics underpinning alcohol memory reconsolidation. Using a mouse place-conditioning procedure, we show that alcohol-memory retrieval increases the mRNA expression of immediate-early genes in the dorsal hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex, and that alcohol seeking is abolished by post-retrieval non-specific inhibition of gene transcription, or by downregulating ARC expression using antisense-oligodeoxynucleotides. However, since retrieval of memories for a natural reward (sucrose) also increased the same immediate-early gene expression, we explored for alcohol-specific transcriptional changes using RNA-sequencing. We revealed a unique transcriptional fingerprint activated by alcohol memories, as the expression of this set of plasticity-related genes was not altered by sucrose-memory retrieval. Our results suggest that alcohol memories may activate two parallel transcription programs: one is involved in memory reconsolidation in general, and another is specifically activated during alcohol-memory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koral Goltseker
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Patricia Garay
- The University of Michigan Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katherine Bonefas
- The University of Michigan Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shigeki Iwase
- The University of Michigan Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Human Genetics Department, The University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48108, USA
| | - Segev Barak
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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10
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Luo X, Du G, Chen B, Yan G, Zhu L, Cui P, Dai H, Qi Z, Lan T. Novel immunosuppressive effect of FK506 by upregulation of PD-L1 via FKBP51 in heart transplantation. Scand J Immunol 2022; 96:e13203. [PMID: 35801698 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The calcineurin inhibitor-FK506-is a first-line immunosuppressant that regulates T-cell secretion of IL-2 and other cytokines. However, the mechanism of its protective effect on target cells and its role on tumor recurrence and interaction with anti-tumor immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD-L1 blocking, are still unclear. Here, in a murine heart transplantation model, we observed the upregulation of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression by FK506 in both dendritic cells (DCs) and allografts. Blocking PD-L1 during FK506 treatment increased IFN-γ and TNF-α expression, enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell proliferation, and suppressed Treg differentiation. Moreover, PD-L1 decreased T-cell infiltration and induced T cell apoptosis in both the spleen and graft. PD-L1 was not only required in FK506-mediated immunosuppression but also upregulated by FK506. Treatment with SAFit2, a FKBP51 selective inhibitor, reduced the expression of PD-L1 on DCs and the grafts and interfered with the immunosuppressive effect of FK506, suggesting that the mechanism depends on FK506-binding protein (FKBP) 51 expression. Overall, our results add new insights into the role of FK506, not only on T-cell cytokine secretion but also on co-inhibitory molecular regulation and target cell immune privilege.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Luo
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Guicheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Bingye Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Guoliang Yan
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Luyao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Pengcheng Cui
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Helong Dai
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongquan Qi
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Tianshu Lan
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China.,Institute of Respiratory diseases,Xiamen medical college
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11
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Savarese AM, Grigsby KB, Jensen BE, Borrego MB, Finn DA, Crabbe JC, Ozburn AR. Corticosterone Levels and Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene Expression in High Drinking in the Dark Mice and Their Heterogeneous Stock (HS/NPT) Founder Line. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:821859. [PMID: 35645743 PMCID: PMC9135139 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.821859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The High Drinking in the Dark (HDID-1) line of mice has been selectively bred for achieving high blood alcohol levels (BALs) in the Drinking in the Dark task, a model of binge-like drinking. Recently, we determined that glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonism with either mifepristone or CORT113176 (a selective GR antagonist) reduced binge-like ethanol intake in the HDID-1 mice, but not in their founder line, HS/NPT. Here, we examined whether the selection process may have altered glucocorticoid functioning by measuring (1) plasma corticosterone levels and (2) expression of the genes encoding GR (Nr3c1) and two of its chaperone proteins FKBP51 and FKBP52 (Fkbp5 and Fkbp4) in the brains (nucleus accumbens, NAc) of HDID-1 and HS/NPT mice. We observed no genotype differences in baseline circulating corticosterone levels. However, HDID-1 mice exhibited a greater stimulated peak corticosterone response to an IP injection (of either ethanol or saline) relative to their founder line. We further observed reduced basal expression of Fkbp4 and Nr3c1 in the NAc of HDID-1 mice relative to HS/NPT mice. Finally, HDID-1 mice exhibited reduced Fkbp5 expression in the NAc relative to HS/NPT mice following an injection of 2 g/kg ethanol. Together, these data suggest that selective breeding for high BALs may have altered stress signaling in the HDID-1 mice, which may contribute to the observed selective efficacy of GR antagonism in reducing binge-like ethanol intake in HDID-1, but not HS/NPT mice. These data have important implications for the role that stress signaling plays in the genetic risk for binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia M. Savarese
- Portland Alcohol Research Center, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- *Correspondence: Antonia M. Savarese,
| | - Kolter B. Grigsby
- Portland Alcohol Research Center, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Bryan E. Jensen
- Portland Alcohol Research Center, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Marissa B. Borrego
- Portland Alcohol Research Center, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Deborah A. Finn
- Portland Alcohol Research Center, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - John C. Crabbe
- Portland Alcohol Research Center, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Angela R. Ozburn
- Portland Alcohol Research Center, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
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12
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Voll AM, Meyners C, Taubert MC, Bajaj T, Heymann T, Merz S, Charalampidou A, Kolos J, Purder PL, Geiger TM, Wessig P, Gassen NC, Bracher A, Hausch F. Makrozyklische FKBP51‐Liganden enthüllen einen transienten Bindungsmodus mit erhöhter Selektivität. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M. Voll
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Christian Meyners
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Martha C. Taubert
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Thomas Bajaj
- Research Group Neurohomeostasis Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Bonn Venusberg Campus 1 53127 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Tim Heymann
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Stephanie Merz
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Anna Charalampidou
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Jürgen Kolos
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Patrick L. Purder
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Thomas M. Geiger
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Pablo Wessig
- Universität Potsdam Institut für Chemie Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–25 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Nils C. Gassen
- Research Group Neurohomeostasis Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Bonn Venusberg Campus 1 53127 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Andreas Bracher
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry Am Klopferspitz 18 82152 Martinsried Deutschland
| | - Felix Hausch
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry Clemens-Schöpf-Institute Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
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13
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Voll AM, Meyners C, Taubert MC, Bajaj T, Heymann T, Merz S, Charalampidou A, Kolos J, Purder PL, Geiger TM, Wessig P, Gassen NC, Bracher A, Hausch F. Macrocyclic FKBP51 Ligands Define a Transient Binding Mode with Enhanced Selectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13257-13263. [PMID: 33843131 PMCID: PMC8252719 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Subtype selectivity represents a challenge in many drug discovery campaigns. A typical example is the FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP51), which has emerged as an attractive drug target. The most advanced FKBP51 ligands of the SAFit class are highly selective vs. FKBP52 but poorly discriminate against the homologs and off-targets FKBP12 and FKBP12.6. During a macrocyclization pilot study, we observed that many of these macrocyclic analogs have unanticipated and unprecedented preference for FKBP51 over FKBP12 and FKBP12.6. Structural studies revealed that these macrocycles bind with a new binding mode featuring a transient conformation, which is disfavored for the small FKBPs. Using a conformation-sensitive assay we show that this binding mode occurs in solution and is characteristic for this new class of compounds. The discovered macrocycles are non-immunosuppressive, engage FKBP51 in cells, and block the cellular effect of FKBP51 on IKKα. Our findings provide a new chemical scaffold for improved FKBP51 ligands and the structural basis for enhanced selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M. Voll
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Christian Meyners
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Martha C. Taubert
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Thomas Bajaj
- Research Group NeurohomeostasisDepartment of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of BonnVenusberg Campus 153127BonnGermany
| | - Tim Heymann
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Stephanie Merz
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Anna Charalampidou
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Jürgen Kolos
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Patrick L. Purder
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Thomas M. Geiger
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Pablo Wessig
- Universität PotsdamInstitut für ChemieKarl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24–2514476PotsdamGermany
| | - Nils C. Gassen
- Research Group NeurohomeostasisDepartment of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of BonnVenusberg Campus 153127BonnGermany
| | - Andreas Bracher
- Max-Planck-Institute of BiochemistryAm Klopferspitz 1882152MartinsriedGermany
| | - Felix Hausch
- Department Chemistry and BiochemistryClemens-Schöpf-InstituteTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
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14
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Natividad LA, Steinman MQ, McGinn MA, Sureshchandra S, Kerr TM, Ciccocioppo R, Messaoudi I, Edwards S, Roberto M. Impaired hypothalamic feedback dysregulates brain glucocorticoid signaling in genetically-selected Marchigian Sardinian alcohol-preferring rats. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12978. [PMID: 33142367 PMCID: PMC8052265 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Genetically-selected Marchigian Sardinian alcohol-preferring (msP) rats display comorbid symptoms of increased alcohol preference and elevated anxiety-like behavior. Heightened stress sensitivity in msPs is influenced by genetic polymorphisms of the corticotropin-releasing factor receptor in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), as well as reduced influence of anti-stress mechanisms that normally constrain the stress response. Given this propensity for stress dysregulation, in this study, we expand on the possibility that msPs may display differences in neuroendocrine processes that normally terminate the stress response. We utilized behavioral, biochemical, and molecular assays to compare basal and restraint stress-induced changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis of male and female msPs relative to their nonselected Wistar counterparts. The results showed that msPs display deficits in marble-burying behavior influenced by environmental factors and procedures that modulate arousal states in a sex-dependent manner. Whereas male msPs display evidence of dysregulated neuroendocrine function (higher adrenocorticotropic hormone levels and subthreshold reductions in corticosterone), females display restraint-induced elevations in corticosterone levels that were persistently higher in msPs. A dexamethasone challenge reduced the circulation of these stress hormones, although the reduction in corticosterone was generally attenuated in msP versus Wistar rats. Finally, we found evidence of diminished stress-induced glucocorticoid receptor (GR) phosphorylation in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of msPs, as well as innate increases in phosphorylated GR levels in the CeA of male msPs. Collectively, these findings suggest that negative feedback processes regulating HPA responsiveness are diminished in msP rats, possibly underlying differences in the expression of anxiety-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Natividad
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Michael Q. Steinman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - M. Adrienne McGinn
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA
| | - Suhas Sureshchandra
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Tony M. Kerr
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Scott Edwards
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
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15
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Bauder M, Meyners C, Purder PL, Merz S, Sugiarto WO, Voll AM, Heymann T, Hausch F. Structure-Based Design of High-Affinity Macrocyclic FKBP51 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3320-3349. [PMID: 33666419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) emerged as a key player in several diseases like stress-related disorders, chronic pain, and obesity. Linear analogues of FK506 called SAFit were shown to be highly selective for FKBP51 over its closest homologue FKBP52, allowing the proof-of-concept studies in animal models. Here, we designed and synthesized the first macrocyclic FKBP51-selective ligands to stabilize the active conformation. All macrocycles retained full FKBP51 affinity and selectivity over FKBP52 and the incorporation of polar functionalities further enhanced affinity. Six high-resolution crystal structures of macrocyclic inhibitors in complex with FKBP51 confirmed the desired selectivity-enabling binding mode. Our results show that macrocyclization is a viable strategy to target the shallow FKBP51 binding site selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bauder
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Meyners
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Patrick L Purder
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stephanie Merz
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wisely Oki Sugiarto
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas M Voll
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tim Heymann
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Felix Hausch
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clemens-Schöpf-Institute, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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16
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Neutral sphingomyelinase mediates the co-morbidity trias of alcohol abuse, major depression and bone defects. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:7403-7416. [PMID: 34584229 PMCID: PMC8872992 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01304-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mental disorders are highly comorbid and occur together with physical diseases, which are often considered to arise from separate pathogenic pathways. We observed in alcohol-dependent patients increased serum activity of neutral sphingomyelinase. A genetic association analysis in 456,693 volunteers found associations of haplotypes of SMPD3 coding for NSM-2 (NSM) with alcohol consumption, but also with affective state, and bone mineralisation. Functional analysis in mice showed that NSM controls alcohol consumption, affective behaviour, and their interaction by regulating hippocampal volume, cortical connectivity, and monoaminergic responses. Furthermore, NSM controlled bone-brain communication by enhancing osteocalcin signalling, which can independently supress alcohol consumption and reduce depressive behaviour. Altogether, we identified a single gene source for multiple pathways originating in the brain and bone, which interlink disorders of a mental-physical co-morbidity trias of alcohol abuse-depression/anxiety-bone disorder. Targeting NSM and osteocalcin signalling may, thus, provide a new systems approach in the treatment of a mental-physical co-morbidity trias.
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17
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Radcliffe RA, Dowell R, Odell AT, Richmond PA, Bennett B, Larson C, Kechris K, Saba LM, Rudra P, Wen S. Systems genetics analysis of the LXS recombinant inbred mouse strains:Genetic and molecular insights into acute ethanol tolerance. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240253. [PMID: 33095786 PMCID: PMC7584226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have been using the Inbred Long- and Short-Sleep mouse strains (ILS, ISS) and a recombinant inbred panel derived from them, the LXS, to investigate the genetic underpinnings of acute ethanol tolerance which is considered to be a risk factor for alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Here, we have used RNA-seq to examine the transcriptome of whole brain in 40 of the LXS strains 8 hours after a saline or ethanol "pretreatment" as in previous behavioral studies. Approximately 1/3 of the 14,184 expressed genes were significantly heritable and many were unique to the pretreatment. Several thousand cis- and trans-eQTLs were mapped; a portion of these also were unique to pretreatment. Ethanol pretreatment caused differential expression (DE) of 1,230 genes. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis suggested involvement in numerous biological processes including astrocyte differentiation, histone acetylation, mRNA splicing, and neuron projection development. Genetic correlation analysis identified hundreds of genes that were correlated to the behaviors. GO analysis indicated that these genes are involved in gene expression, chromosome organization, and protein transport, among others. The expression profiles of the DE genes and genes correlated to AFT in the ethanol pretreatment group (AFT-Et) were found to be similar to profiles of HDAC inhibitors. Hdac1, a cis-regulated gene that is located at the peak of a previously mapped QTL for AFT-Et, was correlated to 437 genes, most of which were also correlated to AFT-Et. GO analysis of these genes identified several enriched biological process terms including neuron-neuron synaptic transmission and potassium transport. In summary, the results suggest widespread genetic effects on gene expression, including effects that are pretreatment-specific. A number of candidate genes and biological functions were identified that could be mediating the behavioral responses. The most prominent of these was Hdac1 which may be regulating genes associated with glutamatergic signaling and potassium conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Radcliffe
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO, United States of America
| | - Robin Dowell
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Aaron T. Odell
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Phillip A. Richmond
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Beth Bennett
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Colin Larson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Laura M. Saba
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Pratyaydipta Rudra
- Department of Statistics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
| | - Shi Wen
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
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18
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Wang L, Bharti, Kumar R, Pavlov PF, Winblad B. Small molecule therapeutics for tauopathy in Alzheimer's disease: Walking on the path of most resistance. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112915. [PMID: 33139110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia characterized by presence of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. Currently there are close to 50 million people living with dementia and this figure is expected to increase to 75 million by 2030 putting a huge burden on the economy due to the health care cost. Considering the effects on quality of life of patients and the increasing burden on the economy, there is an enormous need of new disease modifying therapies to tackle this disease. The current therapies are dominated by only symptomatic treatments including cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blockers but no disease modifying treatments exist so far. After several failed attempts to develop drugs against amyloidopathy, tau targeting approaches have been in the main focus of drug development against AD. After an overview of the tauopathy in AD, this review summarizes recent findings on the development of small molecules as therapeutics targeting tau modification, aggregation, and degradation, and tau-oriented multi-target directed ligands. Overall, this work aims to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of small molecules which are being explored as a lead candidate for discovering drugs against tauopathy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Wang
- Dept. of Neuroscience Care and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Solna, Sweden
| | - Bharti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Dept. of Neuroscience Care and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Solna, Sweden; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Pavel F Pavlov
- Dept. of Neuroscience Care and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Solna, Sweden; Memory Clinic, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Dept. of Neuroscience Care and Society, Div. of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, 17164, Solna, Sweden; Memory Clinic, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Savarese AM, Ozburn AR, Metten P, Schlumbohm JP, Hack WR, LeMoine K, Hunt H, Hausch F, Bauder M, Crabbe JC. Targeting the Glucocorticoid Receptor Reduces Binge-Like Drinking in High Drinking in the Dark (HDID-1) Mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1025-1036. [PMID: 32154593 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcohol exposure can alter glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function in some brain areas that promotes escalated and compulsive-like alcohol intake. GR antagonism can prevent dependence-induced escalation in drinking, but very little is known about the role of GR in regulating high-risk nondependent alcohol intake. Here, we investigate the role of GR in regulating binge-like drinking and aversive responses to alcohol in the High Drinking in the Dark (HDID-1) mice, which have been selectively bred for high blood ethanol (EtOH) concentrations (BECs) in the Drinking in the Dark (DID) test, and in their founder line, the HS/NPT. METHODS In separate experiments, male and female HDID-1 mice were administered one of several compounds that inhibited GR or its negative regulator, FKBP51 (mifepristone [12.5, 25, 50, 100 mg/kg], CORT113176 [20, 40, 80 mg/kg], and SAFit2 [10, 20, 40 mg/kg]) during a 2-day DID task. EtOH consumption and BECs were measured. EtOH conditioned taste and place aversion (CTA and CPA, respectively) were measured in separate HDID-1 mice after mifepristone administration to assess GR's role in regulating the conditioned aversive effects of EtOH. Lastly, HS/NPT mice were administered CORT113176 during DID to assess whether dissimilar effects from those of HDID-1 would be observed, which could suggest that selective breeding had altered sensitivity to the effects of GR antagonism on binge-like drinking. RESULTS GR antagonism (with both mifepristone and CORT113176) selectively reduced binge-like EtOH intake and BECs in the HDID-1 mice, while inhibition of FKBP51 did not alter intake or BECs. In contrast, GR antagonism had no effect on EtOH intake or BECs in the HS/NPT mice. Although HDID-1 mice exhibit attenuated EtOH CTA, mifepristone administration did not enhance the aversive effects of EtOH in either a CTA or CPA task. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the selection process increased sensitivity to GR antagonism on EtOH intake in the HDID-1 mice, and support a role for the GR as a genetic risk factor for high-risk alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia M Savarese
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Portland Alcohol Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
| | - Angela R Ozburn
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Portland Alcohol Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
| | - Pamela Metten
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Portland Alcohol Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jason P Schlumbohm
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Portland Alcohol Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
| | - Wyatt R Hack
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Portland Alcohol Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kathryn LeMoine
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Portland Alcohol Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
| | - Hazel Hunt
- Corcept Therapeutics, Menlo Park, California
| | - Felix Hausch
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Bauder
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - John C Crabbe
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Portland Alcohol Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
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