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Johnson EC, Tillman R, Aliev F, Meyers JL, Salvatore JE, Anokhin AP, Dick DM, Edenberg HJ, Kramer JR, Kuperman S, McCutcheon VV, Nurnberger JI, Porjesz B, Schuckit MA, Tischfield J, Bucholz KK, Agrawal A. Exploring the relationship between polygenic risk for cannabis use, peer cannabis use and the longitudinal course of cannabis involvement. Addiction 2019; 114:687-697. [PMID: 30474892 PMCID: PMC6411425 DOI: 10.1111/add.14512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Few studies have explored how polygenic propensity to cannabis use unfolds across development, and no studies have yet examined this question in the context of environmental contributions such as peer cannabis use. Outlining the factors that contribute to progression from cannabis initiation to problem use over time may ultimately provide insights into mechanisms for targeted interventions. We sought to examine the relationships between polygenic liability for cannabis use, cannabis use trajectories from ages 12-30 years and perceived peer cannabis use at ages 12-17 years. DESIGN Mixed-effect logistic and linear regressions were used to examine associations between polygenic risk scores, cannabis use trajectory membership and perceived peer cannabis use. SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS From the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) study, a cohort of 1167 individuals aged 12-26 years at their baseline (i.e. first) interview. MEASUREMENTS Key measurements included life-time cannabis use (yes/no), frequency of past 12-month cannabis use, maximum life-time frequency of cannabis use, cannabis use disorder (using DSM-5 criteria) and perceived peer cannabis use. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were created using summary statistics from a large (n = 162 082) genome-wide association study (GWAS) of cannabis use. FINDINGS Three trajectories reflecting no/low (n = 844), moderate (n = 137) and high (n = 186) use were identified. PRS were significantly associated with trajectory membership [P = 0.002-0.006, maximum conditional R2 = 1.4%, odds ratios (ORs) = 1.40-1.49]. Individuals who reported that most/all of their best friends used cannabis had significantly higher PRS than those who reported that none of their friends were users [OR = 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04, 1.75, P = 0.023]. Perceived peer use itself explained up to 11.3% of the variance in trajectory class membership (OR = 1.50-4.65). When peer cannabis use and the cannabis use PRS were entered into the model simultaneously, both the PRS and peer use continued to be significantly associated with class membership (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Genetic propensity to cannabis use derived from heterogeneous samples appears to correlate with longitudinal increases in cannabis use frequency in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca Tillman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Actuarial and Risk Management, Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Turkey
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Andrey P Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - John R Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego Medical School, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jay Tischfield
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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Hall W, Kozlowski L. Formulating more consistent public health policies towards cannabis and tobacco. Addiction 2018; 113:608-609. [PMID: 29453794 DOI: 10.1111/add.14161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Commentary to: The diverging trajectories of cannabis and tobacco policies in the United States: reasons and possible implications
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Hall
- The University of Queensland Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Australia
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lynn Kozlowski
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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