1
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Emerson AE, Sugamura Y, Mazboudi J, Abdallah TM, Seaton CD, Ghasemi A, Kodibagkar VD, Weaver JD. pO 2 reporter composite hydrogel macroencapsulation devices for magnetic resonance imaging oxygen quantification. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:1506-1517. [PMID: 38488241 PMCID: PMC11239328 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel cell encapsulation devices are a common approach to reduce the need for chronic systemic immunosuppression in allogeneic cell product transplantation. Macroencapsulation approaches are an appealing strategy, as they maximize graft retrievability and cell dosage within a single device; however, macroencapsulation devices face oxygen transport challenges as geometries increase from preclinical to clinical scales. Device design guided by computational approaches can facilitate graft oxygen availability to encapsulated cells in vivo but is limited without accurate measurement of oxygen levels within the transplant site and graft. In this study, we engineer pO2 reporter composite hydrogels (PORCH) to enable spatiotemporal measurement of oxygen tension within macroencapsulation devices using the proton Imaging of siloxanes to map tissue oxygenation levels (PISTOL) magnetic resonance imaging approach. We engineer two methods of incorporating siloxane oximetry reporters within hydrogel devices, an emulsion and microbead-based approach, and evaluate PORCH cytotoxicity on co-encapsulated cells and accuracy in quantifying oxygen tension in vitro. We find that both emulsion and microbead PORCH approaches enable accurate in situ oxygen quantification using PISTOL magnetic resonance oximetry, and that the emulsion-based PORCH approach results in higher spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Emerson
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Yuka Sugamura
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jad Mazboudi
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Tuhfah M Abdallah
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Charmayne D Seaton
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Azin Ghasemi
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Vikram D Kodibagkar
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jessica D Weaver
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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2
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Pham JPA, Coronel MM. Unlocking Transplant Tolerance with Biomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400965. [PMID: 38843866 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
For patients suffering from organ failure due to injury or autoimmune disease, allogeneic organ transplantation with chronic immunosuppression is considered the god standard in terms of clinical treatment. However, the true "holy grail" of transplant immunology is operational tolerance, in which the recipient exhibits a sustained lack of alloreactivity toward unencountered antigen presented by the donor graft. This outcome is resultant from critical changes to the phenotype and genotype of the immune repertoire predicated by the activation of specific signaling pathways responsive to soluble and mechanosensitive cues. Biomaterials have emerged as a medium for interfacing with and reprogramming these endogenous pathways toward tolerance in precise, minimally invasive, and spatiotemporally defined manners. By viewing seminal and contemporary breakthroughs in transplant tolerance induction through the lens of biomaterials-mediated immunomodulation strategies-which include intrinsic material immunogenicity, the depot effect, graft coatings, induction and delivery of tolerogenic immune cells, biomimicry of tolerogenic immune cells, and in situ reprogramming-this review emphasizes the stunning diversity of approaches in the field and spotlights exciting future directions for research to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Paul A Pham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Elizabeth Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - María M Coronel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Elizabeth Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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3
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Quizon MJ, Deppen JN, Barber GF, Kalelkar PP, Coronel MM, Levit RD, García AJ. VEGF-delivering PEG hydrogels promote vascularization in the porcine subcutaneous space. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:866-880. [PMID: 38189109 PMCID: PMC10984793 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
For cell therapies, the subcutaneous space is an attractive transplant site due to its large surface area and accessibility for implantation, monitoring, biopsy, and retrieval. However, its poor vascularization has catalyzed research to induce blood vessel formation within the site to enhance cell revascularization and survival. Most studies focus on the subcutaneous space of rodents, which does not recapitulate important anatomical features and vascularization responses of humans. Herein, we evaluate biomaterial-driven vascularization in the porcine subcutaneous space. Additionally, we report the first use of cost-effective fluorescent microspheres to quantify perfusion in the porcine subcutaneous space. We investigate the vascularization-inducing efficacy of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-delivering synthetic hydrogels based on 4-arm poly(ethylene) glycol macromers with terminal maleimides (PEG-4MAL). We compare three groups: a non-degradable hydrogel with a VEGF-releasing PEG-4MAL gel coating (Core+VEGF gel); an uncoated, non-degradable hydrogel (Core-only); and naïve tissue. After 2 weeks, Core+VEGF gel has significantly higher tissue perfusion, blood vessel area, blood vessel density, and number of vessels compared to both Core-only and naïve tissue. Furthermore, healthy vital signs during surgery and post-procedure metrics demonstrate the safety of hydrogel delivery. We demonstrate that VEGF-delivering synthetic hydrogels induce robust vascularization and perfusion in the porcine subcutaneous space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J. Quizon
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Juline N. Deppen
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Graham F. Barber
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Pranav P. Kalelkar
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - María M. Coronel
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Rebecca D. Levit
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Andrés J. García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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4
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Abraham N, Kolipaka T, Pandey G, Negi M, Srinivasarao DA, Srivastava S. Revolutionizing pancreatic islet organoid transplants: Improving engraftment and exploring future frontiers. Life Sci 2024; 343:122545. [PMID: 38458556 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) manifests due to pancreatic beta cell destruction, causing insulin deficiency and hyperglycaemia. Current therapies are inadequate for brittle diabetics, necessitating pancreatic islet transplants, which however, introduces its own set of challenges such as paucity of donors, rigorous immunosuppression and autoimmune rejection. Organoid technology represents a significant stride in the field of regenerative medicine and bypasses donor-based approaches. Hence this article focuses on strategies enhancing the in vivo engraftment of islet organoids (IOs), namely vascularization, encapsulation, immune evasion, alternative extra-hepatic transplant sites and 3D bioprinting. Hypoxia-induced necrosis and delayed revascularization attenuate organoid viability and functional capacity, alleviated by the integration of diverse cell types e.g., human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to boost vascularization. Encapsulation with biocompatible materials and genetic modifications counters immune damage, while extra-hepatic sites avoid surgical complications and immediate blood-mediated inflammatory reactions (IBMIR). Customizable 3D bioprinting may help augment the viability and functionality of IOs. While the clinical translation of IOs faces hurdles, preliminary results show promise. This article underscores the importance of addressing challenges in IO transplantation to advance their use in treating type 1 diabetes effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noella Abraham
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Tejaswini Kolipaka
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Giriraj Pandey
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Mansi Negi
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dadi A Srinivasarao
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
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5
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Kioulaphides S, García AJ. Encapsulation and immune protection for type 1 diabetes cell therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115205. [PMID: 38360355 PMCID: PMC10948298 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) involves the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas. Exogenous insulin injections are the current therapy but are user-dependent and cannot fully recapitulate physiological insulin secretion dynamics. Since the emergence of allogeneic cell therapy for T1D, the Edmonton Protocol has been the most promising immunosuppression protocol for cadaveric islet transplantation, but the lack of donor islets, poor cell engraftment, and required chronic immunosuppression have limited its application as a therapy for T1D. Encapsulation in biomaterials on the nano-, micro-, and macro-scale offers the potential to integrate islets with the host and protect them from immune responses. This method can be applied to different cell types, including cadaveric, porcine, and stem cell-derived islets, mitigating the issue of a lack of donor cells. This review covers progress in the efforts to integrate insulin-producing cells from multiple sources to T1D patients as a form of cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Kioulaphides
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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6
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Mehta JM, Hiremath SC, Chilimba C, Ghasemi A, Weaver JD. Translation of cell therapies to treat autoimmune disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 205:115161. [PMID: 38142739 PMCID: PMC10843859 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are a diverse and complex set of chronic disorders with a substantial impact on patient quality of life and a significant global healthcare burden. Current approaches to autoimmune disease treatment comprise broadly acting immunosuppressive drugs that lack disease specificity, possess limited efficacy, and confer undesirable side effects. Additionally, there are limited treatments available to restore organs and tissues damaged during the course of autoimmune disease progression. Cell therapies are an emergent area of therapeutics with the potential to address both autoimmune disease immune dysfunction as well as autoimmune disease-damaged tissue and organ systems. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of common autoimmune disorders and the state-of-the-art in cell therapy approaches to (1) regenerate or replace autoimmune disease-damaged tissue and (2) eliminate pathological immune responses in autoimmunity. Finally, we discuss critical considerations for the translation of cell products to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinal M Mehta
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Shivani C Hiremath
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Chishiba Chilimba
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Azin Ghasemi
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jessica D Weaver
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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7
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Li H, Shang Y, Feng Q, Liu Y, Chen J, Dong H. A novel bioartificial pancreas fabricated via islets microencapsulation in anti-adhesive core-shell microgels and macroencapsulation in a hydrogel scaffold prevascularized in vivo. Bioact Mater 2023; 27:362-376. [PMID: 37180642 PMCID: PMC10172916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Islets transplantation is a promising treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, severe host immune rejection and poor oxygen/nutrients supply due to the lack of surrounding capillary network often lead to transplantation failure. Herein, a novel bioartificial pancreas is constructed via islets microencapsulation in core-shell microgels and macroencapsulation in a hydrogel scaffold prevascularized in vivo. Specifically, a hydrogel scaffold containing methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), methacrylated heparin (HepMA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is fabricated, which can delivery VEGF in a sustained style and thus induce subcutaneous angiogenesis. In addition, islets-laden core-shell microgels using methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) as microgel core and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)/carboxybetaine methacrylate (CBMA) as shell layer are prepared, which provide a favorable microenvironment for islets and simultaneously the inhibition of host immune rejection via anti-adhesion of proteins and immunocytes. As a result of the synergistic effect between anti-adhesive core-shell microgels and prevascularized hydrogel scaffold, the bioartificial pancreas can reverse the blood glucose levels of diabetic mice from hyperglycemia to normoglycemia for at least 90 days. We believe this bioartificial pancreas and relevant fabrication method provide a new strategy to treat type 1 diabetes, and also has broad potential applications in other cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yulian Shang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou, 510006, China
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qi Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Junlin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hua Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
- Corresponding author. School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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8
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Han H, Zhan T, Cui M, Guo N, Dang H, Yang G, Shu S, He W, Xu Y. Investigation of Rapid Rewarming Chips for Cryopreservation by Joule Heating. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:11048-11062. [PMID: 37497679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and uniform rewarming is critical to cryopreservation. Current rapid rewarming methods require complex physical field application devices (such as lasers or radio frequencies) and the addition of nanoparticles as heating media. These complex devices and nanoparticles limit the promotion of the rapid rewarming method and pose potential biosafety concerns. In this work, a joule heating-based rapid electric heating chip (EHC) was designed for cryopreservation. Uniform and rapid rewarming of biological samples in different volumes can be achieved through simple operations. EHC loaded with 0.28 mL of CPA solution can achieve a rewarming rate of 3.2 × 105 °C/min (2.8 mL with 2.3 × 103 °C/min), approximately 2 orders of magnitude greater than the rewarming rates observed with an equal capacity straw when combined with laser nanowarming or magnetic induction heating. In addition, the degree of supercooling can be significantly reduced without manual nucleation during the cooling of the EHC. Subsequently, the results of cryopreservation validation of cells and spheroids showed that the cell viability and spheroid structural integrity were significantly improved after cryopreservation. The viability of human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells postcryopreservation was 97.2%, which was significantly higher than 93% in the cryogenic vials (CV) group. Similar results were seen in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with 93.18% cell survival in the EHC group, significantly higher than 86.83% in the CV group, and cells in the EHC group were also significantly better than those in the CV group for further apoptosis and necrosis assays. This work provides an efficient rewarming protocol for the cryopreservation of biological samples, significantly improving the quantity and quality of cells and spheroids postcryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxin Han
- Institute of Biothermal Science & Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Cryopreservation of Biological Resources, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Taijie Zhan
- Institute of Biothermal Science & Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Cryopreservation of Biological Resources, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Mengdong Cui
- Institute of Biothermal Science & Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Cryopreservation of Biological Resources, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Ning Guo
- Institute of Biothermal Science & Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Cryopreservation of Biological Resources, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hangyu Dang
- Institute of Biothermal Science & Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Cryopreservation of Biological Resources, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Guoliang Yang
- Institute of Biothermal Science & Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Cryopreservation of Biological Resources, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shuang Shu
- Institute of Biothermal Science & Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Cryopreservation of Biological Resources, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Wei He
- Institute of Biothermal Science & Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Cryopreservation of Biological Resources, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Institute of Biothermal Science & Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Cryopreservation of Biological Resources, Shanghai 200093, China
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9
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Wang X, Jin L, Liu W, Stingelin L, Zhang P, Tan Z. Construction of engineered 3D islet micro-tissue using porcine decellularized ECM for the treatment of diabetes. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:5517-5532. [PMID: 37387616 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00346a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation improves diabetes patients' long-term blood glucose control, but its success and utility are limited by cadaver availability, quality, and considerable islet loss after transplantation due to ischemia and inadequate angiogenesis. This study used adipose, pancreatic, and liver tissue decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogels in an effort to recapitulate the islet sites inside the pancreas in vitro, and successfully generated viable and functional heterocellular islet micro-tissues using islet cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The three-dimensional (3D) islet micro-tissues maintained prolonged viability and normal secretory function, and showed high drug sensitivity in drug testing. Meanwhile, the 3D islet micro-tissues significantly enhanced survival and graft function in a mouse model of diabetes. These supportive 3D physiomimetic dECM hydrogels can be used not only for islet micro-tissue culture in vitro, but also have great promise for islet transplantation for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Lijuan Jin
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
- Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Wenyu Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
- Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Lukas Stingelin
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Zhikai Tan
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
- Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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10
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Qin T, Smink AM, de Vos P. Enhancing longevity of immunoisolated pancreatic islet grafts by modifying both the intracapsular and extracapsular environment. Acta Biomater 2023:S1742-7061(23)00362-8. [PMID: 37392934 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells. Transplantation of immunoisolated pancreatic islets might treat T1DM in the absence of chronic immunosuppression. Important advances have been made in the past decade as capsules can be produced that provoke minimal to no foreign body response after implantation. However, graft survival is still limited as islet dysfunction may occur due to chronic damage to islets during islet isolation, immune responses induced by inflammatory cells, and nutritional issues for encapsulated cells. This review summarizes the current challenges for promoting longevity of grafts. Possible strategies for improving islet graft longevity are also discussed, including supplementation of the intracapsular milieu with essential survival factors, promotion of vascularization and oxygenation near capsules, modulation of biomaterials, and co-transplantation of accessory cells. Current insight is that both the intracapsular as well as the extracapsular properties should be improved to achieve long-term survival of islet-tissue. Some of these approaches reproducibly induce normoglycemia for more than a year in rodents. Further development of the technology requires collective research efforts in material science, immunology, and endocrinology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Islet immunoisolation allows for transplantation of insulin producing cells in absence of immunosuppression and might facilitate the use of xenogeneic cell sources or grafting of cells obtained from replenishable cell sources. However, a major challenge to date is to create a microenvironment that supports long-term graft survival. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the currently identified factors that have been demonstrated to be involved in either stimulating or reducing islet graft survival in immunoisolating devices and discussed current strategies to enhance the longevity of encapsulated islet grafts as treatment for type 1 diabetes. Although significant challenges remain, interdisciplinary collaboration across fields may overcome obstacles and facilitate the translation of encapsulated cell therapy from the laboratory to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Qin
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Alexandra M Smink
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Samadi A, Moammeri A, Pourmadadi M, Abbasi P, Hosseinpour Z, Farokh A, Shamsabadipour A, Heydari M, Mohammadi MR. Cell Encapsulation and 3D Bioprinting for Therapeutic Cell Transplantation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1862-1890. [PMID: 36877212 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The promise of cell therapy has been augmented by introducing biomaterials, where intricate scaffold shapes are fabricated to accommodate the cells within. In this review, we first discuss cell encapsulation and the promising potential of biomaterials to overcome challenges associated with cell therapy, particularly cellular function and longevity. More specifically, cell therapies in the context of autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer are reviewed from the perspectives of preclinical findings as well as available clinical data. Next, techniques to fabricate cell-biomaterials constructs, focusing on emerging 3D bioprinting technologies, will be reviewed. 3D bioprinting is an advancing field that enables fabricating complex, interconnected, and consistent cell-based constructs capable of scaling up highly reproducible cell-biomaterials platforms with high precision. It is expected that 3D bioprinting devices will expand and become more precise, scalable, and appropriate for clinical manufacturing. Rather than one printer fits all, seeing more application-specific printer types, such as a bioprinter for bone tissue fabrication, which would be different from a bioprinter for skin tissue fabrication, is anticipated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirmasoud Samadi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 6000 Interdisciplinary Science & Engineering Building (ISEB), Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Ali Moammeri
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Enghelab Square, 16 Azar Street, Tehran 1417935840, Iran
| | - Mehrab Pourmadadi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Enghelab Square, 16 Azar Street, Tehran 1417935840, Iran
| | - Parisa Abbasi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, Tehran 1458889694, Iran
| | - Zeinab Hosseinpour
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol 4714871167, Mazandaran Province, Iran
| | - Arian Farokh
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Enghelab Square, 16 Azar Street, Tehran 1417935840, Iran
| | - Amin Shamsabadipour
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Enghelab Square, 16 Azar Street, Tehran 1417935840, Iran
| | - Maryam Heydari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Kharazmi, Tehran 199389373, Iran
| | - M Rezaa Mohammadi
- Dale E. and Sarah Ann Fowler School of Engineering, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, United States
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12
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Brady SR, Gohsman SB, Sepulveda K, Weaver JD. Engineering synthetic poly(ethylene) glycol-based hydrogels compatible with injection molding biofabrication. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:814-824. [PMID: 36866410 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel injection molding is a biofabrication method that is useful for the rapid generation of complex cell-laden hydrogel geometries, with potential utility in biomanufacturing products for tissue engineering applications. Hydrogel injection molding requires that hydrogel polymers have sufficiently delayed crosslinking times to enable injection and molding prior to gelation. In this work, we explore the feasibility of injection molding synthetic poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG)-based hydrogels functionalized with strain promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition click chemistry functional groups. We evaluate the mechanical properties of a PEG-based hydrogel library, including time to gelation and successful generation of complex geometries via injection molding. We evaluate the binding and retention of adhesive ligand RGD within the library matrices and characterize the viability and function of encapsulated cells. This work demonstrates the feasibility of injection molding synthetic PEG-based hydrogels for tissue engineering applications, with potential utility in the clinic and biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Brady
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Simone B Gohsman
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Keven Sepulveda
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jessica D Weaver
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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13
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Blackford SJI, Yu TTL, Norman MDA, Syanda AM, Manolakakis M, Lachowski D, Yan Z, Guo Y, Garitta E, Riccio F, Jowett GM, Ng SS, Vernia S, Del Río Hernández AE, Gentleman E, Rashid ST. RGD density along with substrate stiffness regulate hPSC hepatocyte functionality through YAP signalling. Biomaterials 2023; 293:121982. [PMID: 36640555 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes (hPSC-Heps) may be suitable for treating liver diseases, but differentiation protocols often fail to yield adult-like cells. We hypothesised that replicating healthy liver niche biochemical and biophysical cues would produce hepatocytes with desired metabolic functionality. Using 2D synthetic hydrogels which independently control mechanical properties and biochemical cues, we found that culturing hPSC-Heps on surfaces matching the stiffness of fibrotic liver tissue upregulated expression of genes for RGD-binding integrins, and increased expression of YAP/TAZ and their transcriptional targets. Alternatively, culture on soft, healthy liver-like substrates drove increases in cytochrome p450 activity and ureagenesis. Knockdown of ITGB1 or reducing RGD-motif-containing peptide concentration in stiff hydrogels reduced YAP activity and improved metabolic functionality; however, on soft substrates, reducing RGD concentration had the opposite effect. Furthermore, targeting YAP activity with verteporfin or forskolin increased cytochrome p450 activity, with forskolin dramatically enhancing urea synthesis. hPSC-Heps could also be successfully encapsulated within RGD peptide-containing hydrogels without negatively impacting hepatic functionality, and compared to 2D cultures, 3D cultured hPSC-Heps secreted significantly less fetal liver-associated alpha-fetoprotein, suggesting furthered differentiation. Our platform overcomes technical hurdles in replicating the liver niche, and allowed us to identify a role for YAP/TAZ-mediated mechanosensing in hPSC-Hep differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J I Blackford
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK; Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, King's College London, UK; Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, UK; NIHR Imperial BRC iPSC and Organoid Core Facility, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Tracy T L Yu
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, King's College London, UK
| | - Michael D A Norman
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, King's College London, UK
| | - Adam M Syanda
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK; NIHR Imperial BRC iPSC and Organoid Core Facility, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Michail Manolakakis
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Dariusz Lachowski
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Ziqian Yan
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, King's College London, UK
| | - Yunzhe Guo
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, King's College London, UK
| | - Elena Garitta
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK; NIHR Imperial BRC iPSC and Organoid Core Facility, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Federica Riccio
- Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, UK
| | - Geraldine M Jowett
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, King's College London, UK; Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, UK
| | - Soon Seng Ng
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK; NIHR Imperial BRC iPSC and Organoid Core Facility, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Santiago Vernia
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, King's College London, UK.
| | - S Tamir Rashid
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, UK; NIHR Imperial BRC iPSC and Organoid Core Facility, Imperial College London, UK.
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14
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Schot M, Araújo-Gomes N, van Loo B, Kamperman T, Leijten J. Scalable fabrication, compartmentalization and applications of living microtissues. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:392-405. [PMID: 35574053 PMCID: PMC9062422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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15
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Navaei-Nigjeh M, Mirzababaei S, Ghiass MA, Roshanbinfar K, Gholami M, Abdollahi M. Microfluidically fabricated fibers containing pancreatic islets and mesenchymal stromal cells improve longevity and sustained normoglycemia in diabetic rats. Biofabrication 2022; 15. [PMID: 36279872 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac9d04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease characterized by the loss of pancreatic isletβcells. Insulin injections and pancreas transplants are currently available therapies. The former requires daily insulin injections, while the latter is constrained by donor organ availability. Islet transplantation is a promising alternative treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus that may overcome the limitations of previous techniques. Two challenges, however, must be addressed: limited cell retention as a result of the immune response and limited function of the transplanted cells that survive. To address these problems, we developed a microfluidic technology for a one-step generation of islet-laden fibers to protect them from the immune response. This approach enables continuous generation of microfibers with a diameter suitable for islet encapsulation (275µm). We, then, transplanted islet-laden fibers into diabetic Wistar rats. While islet-laden fibers alone were unable to restore normoglycemia in diabetic rats, adding mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) restored normoglycemia for an extended time. It increased the animals' lifespan by up to 75 d. Additionally, it improved the glucose-stimulated response of islets to the point where there was no significant difference between the treatment group and the healthy animals. Additionally, the presence of MSCs suppressed the immune response, as seen by decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α. Taken together, these fibers including islet and MSCs provide a versatile platform for concurrently improving cell preservation and functioning followingin vivotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Navaei-Nigjeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheyl Mirzababaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Adel Ghiass
- Tissue Engineering Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Roshanbinfar
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Mahdi Gholami
- School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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16
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Xu Y, Song D, Wang X. 3D Bioprinting for Pancreas Engineering/Manufacturing. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235143. [PMID: 36501537 PMCID: PMC9741443 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is the most common chronic disease in the world, and it brings a heavy burden to people's health. Against this background, diabetic research, including islet functionalization has become a hot topic in medical institutions all over the world. Especially with the rapid development of microencapsulation and three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technologies, organ engineering and manufacturing have become the main trends for disease modeling and drug screening. Especially the advanced 3D models of pancreatic islets have shown better physiological functions than monolayer cultures, suggesting their potential in elucidating the behaviors of cells under different growth environments. This review mainly summarizes the latest progress of islet capsules and 3D printed pancreatic organs and introduces the activities of islet cells in the constructs with different encapsulation technologies and polymeric materials, as well as the vascularization and blood glucose control capabilities of these constructs after implantation. The challenges and perspectives of the pancreatic organ engineering/manufacturing technologies have also been demonstrated.
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17
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Hunckler MD, Levine AD. Navigating ethical challenges in the development and translation of biomaterials research. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:949280. [PMID: 36204464 PMCID: PMC9530811 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.949280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials--from implanted iron teeth in the second century to intraocular lenses, artificial joints, and stents today--have long been used clinically. Today, biomaterials researchers and biomedical engineers are pushing beyond these inert synthetic alternatives and incorporating complex multifunctional materials to control biological interactions and direct physiological processes. These advances are leading to novel strategies for targeted drug delivery, drug screening, diagnostics and imaging, gene therapy, tissue regeneration, and cell transplantation. While the field has survived ethical transgressions in the past, the rapidly expanding scope of biomaterials science, combined with the accelerating clinical translation of this diverse field calls for urgent attention to the complex and challenging ethical dilemmas these advances pose. This perspective responds to this call, examining the intersection of research ethics -- the sets of rules, principles and norms guiding responsible scientific inquiry -- and ongoing advances in biomaterials. While acknowledging the inherent tensions between certain ethical norms and the pressures of the modern scientific and engineering enterprise, we argue that the biomaterials community needs to proactively address ethical issues in the field by, for example, updating or adding specificity to codes of ethics, modifying training programs to highlight the importance of ethical research practices, and partnering with funding agencies and journals to adopt policies prioritizing the ethical conduct of biomaterials research. Together these actions can strengthen and support biomaterials as its advances are increasingly commercialized and impacting the health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Hunckler
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Aaron D. Levine
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- *Correspondence: Aaron D. Levine,
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18
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Emerson AE, McCall AB, Brady SR, Slaby EM, Weaver JD. Hydrogel Injection Molding to Generate Complex Cell Encapsulation Geometries. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4002-4013. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Emerson
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, 550 East Orange Street, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Alec B. McCall
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, 550 East Orange Street, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Sarah R. Brady
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, 550 East Orange Street, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Emily M. Slaby
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, 550 East Orange Street, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Jessica D. Weaver
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, 550 East Orange Street, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
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19
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Hamami R, Simaan-Yameen H, Gargioli C, Seliktar D. Comparison of Four Different Preparation Methods for Making Injectable Microgels for Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-022-00261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Zhang Q, Gonelle-Gispert C, Li Y, Geng Z, Gerber-Lemaire S, Wang Y, Buhler L. Islet Encapsulation: New Developments for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:869984. [PMID: 35493496 PMCID: PMC9046662 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation is a promising approach for the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Currently, clinical islet transplantation is limited by allo - and autoimmunity that may cause partial or complete loss of islet function within a short period of time, and long-term immunosuppression is required to prevent rejection. Encapsulation into semipermeable biomaterials provides a strategy that allows nutrients, oxygen and secreted hormones to diffuse through the membrane while blocking immune cells and the like out of the capsule, allowing long-term graft survival and avoiding long-term use of immunosuppression. In recent years, a variety of engineering strategies have been developed to improve the composition and properties of encapsulation materials and to explore the clinical practicality of islet cell transplantation from different sources. In particular, the encapsulation of porcine islet and the co-encapsulation of islet cells with other by-standing cells or active ingredients for promoting long-term functionality, attracted significant research efforts. Hydrogels have been widely used for cell encapsulation as well as other therapeutic applications including tissue engineering, cell carriers or drug delivery. Here, we review the current status of various hydrogel biomaterials, natural and synthetic, with particular focus on islet transplantation applications. Natural hydrophilic polymers include polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, alginic acid, hyaluronic acid, chitosan) and peptides (collagen, poly-L-lysine, poly-L-glutamic acid). Synthetic hydrophilic polymers include alcohol, acrylic acid and their derivatives [poly (acrylic acid), poly (methacrylic acid), poly(acrylamide)]. By understanding the advantages and disadvantages of materials from different sources and types, appropriate materials and encapsuling methods can be designed and selected as needed to improve the efficacy and duration of islet. Islet capsule transplantation is emerging as a promising future treatment for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Yanjiao Li
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Geng
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Sandrine Gerber-Lemaire
- Group for Functionalized Biomaterials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL SB ISIC SCI-SB-SG, Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Leo Buhler, ; Yi Wang, ; Sandrine Gerber-Lemaire,
| | - Yi Wang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Leo Buhler, ; Yi Wang, ; Sandrine Gerber-Lemaire,
| | - Leo Buhler
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Leo Buhler, ; Yi Wang, ; Sandrine Gerber-Lemaire,
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21
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Essaouiba A, Jellali R, Poulain S, Tokito F, Gilard F, Gakière B, Kim SH, Legallais C, Sakai Y, Leclerc E. Analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of pancreatic spheroids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells and matured in an organ-on-a-chip. Mol Omics 2022; 18:791-804. [DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00132b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of pancreatic cells from hiPSC is one of the emerging strategies to achieve an in vitro pancreas model. Here, hiPSC-derived β-like-cells spheroids were cultured in microfluidic environment and characterized using omics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Essaouiba
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiegne, France
- CNRS IRL 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba; Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Rachid Jellali
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiegne, France
| | - Stéphane Poulain
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba; Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Fumiya Tokito
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Françoise Gilard
- Plateforme Métabolisme-Métabolome, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université d’Evry, Université de Paris, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bertrand Gakière
- Plateforme Métabolisme-Métabolome, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université d’Evry, Université de Paris, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Soo Hyeon Kim
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba; Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Cécile Legallais
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiegne, France
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- CNRS IRL 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba; Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Eric Leclerc
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiegne, France
- CNRS IRL 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba; Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
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22
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Amirifar L, Besanjideh M, Nasiri R, Shamloo A, Nasrollahi F, de Barros NR, Davoodi E, Erdem A, Mahmoodi M, Hosseini V, Montazerian H, Jahangiry J, Darabi MA, Haghniaz R, Dokmeci MR, Annabi N, Ahadian S, Khademhosseini A. Droplet-based microfluidics in biomedical applications. Biofabrication 2021; 14. [PMID: 34781274 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac39a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Droplet-based microfluidic systems have been employed to manipulate discrete fluid volumes with immiscible phases. Creating the fluid droplets at microscale has led to a paradigm shift in mixing, sorting, encapsulation, sensing, and designing high throughput devices for biomedical applications. Droplet microfluidics has opened many opportunities in microparticle synthesis, molecular detection, diagnostics, drug delivery, and cell biology. In the present review, we first introduce standard methods for droplet generation (i.e., passive and active methods) and discuss the latest examples of emulsification and particle synthesis approaches enabled by microfluidic platforms. Then, the applications of droplet-based microfluidics in different biomedical applications are detailed. Finally, a general overview of the latest trends along with the perspectives and future potentials in the field are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Amirifar
- Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Mohsen Besanjideh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Rohollah Nasiri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Amir Shamloo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | | | - Natan Roberto de Barros
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90024, UNITED STATES
| | - Elham Davoodi
- Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, UNITED STATES
| | - Ahmet Erdem
- Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Vahid Hosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90024, UNITED STATES
| | - Hossein Montazerian
- Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, UNITED STATES
| | - Jamileh Jahangiry
- University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Reihaneh Haghniaz
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90024, UNITED STATES
| | - Mehmet R Dokmeci
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90024, UNITED STATES
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Chemical Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, UNITED STATES
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90024, UNITED STATES
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90024, UNITED STATES
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23
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Bentley ER, Little SR. Local delivery strategies to restore immune homeostasis in the context of inflammation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113971. [PMID: 34530013 PMCID: PMC8556365 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immune homeostasis is maintained by a precise balance between effector immune cells and regulatory immune cells. Chronic deviations from immune homeostasis, driven by a greater ratio of effector to regulatory cues, can promote the development and propagation of inflammatory diseases/conditions (i.e., autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, etc.). Current methods to treat chronic inflammation rely upon systemic administration of non-specific small molecules, resulting in broad immunosuppression with unwanted side effects. Consequently, recent studies have developed more localized and specific immunomodulatory approaches to treat inflammation through the use of local biomaterial-based delivery systems. In particular, this review focuses on (1) local biomaterial-based delivery systems, (2) common materials used for polymeric-delivery systems and (3) emerging immunomodulatory trends used to treat inflammation with increased specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Bentley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States.
| | - Steven R Little
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 940 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Forbes Tower, Suite 7057, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, 203 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
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24
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Wu S, Wang L, Fang Y, Huang H, You X, Wu J. Advances in Encapsulation and Delivery Strategies for Islet Transplantation. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100965. [PMID: 34480420 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic metabolic disease caused by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells in response to autoimmune reactions. Shapiro et al. conducted novel islet transplantation with a glucocorticoid-free immunosuppressive agent in 2000 and achieved great success; since then, islet transplantation has been increasingly regarded as a promising strategy for the curative treatment of T1DM. However, many unavoidable challenges, such as a lack of donors, poor revascularization, blood-mediated inflammatory reactions, hypoxia, and side effects caused by immunosuppression have severely hindered the widespread application of islet transplantation in clinics. Biomaterial-based encapsulation and delivery strategies are proposed for overcoming these obstacles, and have demonstrated remarkable improvements in islet transplantation outcomes. Herein, the major problems faced by islet transplantation are summarized and updated biomaterial-based strategies for islet transplantation, including islet encapsulation across different scales, delivery of stem cell-derived beta cells, co-delivery of islets with accessory cells and immunomodulatory molecules are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province School of Biomedical Engineering Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Liying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province School of Biomedical Engineering Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Yifen Fang
- The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 511436 P. R. China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Urology Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510120 P. R. China
| | - Xinru You
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province School of Biomedical Engineering Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province School of Biomedical Engineering Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
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25
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Samojlik MM, Stabler CL. Designing biomaterials for the modulation of allogeneic and autoimmune responses to cellular implants in Type 1 Diabetes. Acta Biomater 2021; 133:87-101. [PMID: 34102338 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The effective suppression of adaptive immune responses is essential for the success of allogeneic cell therapies. In islet transplantation for Type 1 Diabetes, pre-existing autoimmunity provides an additional hurdle, as memory autoimmune T cells mediate both an autoantigen-specific attack on the donor beta cells and an alloantigen-specific attack on the donor graft cells. Immunosuppressive agents used for islet transplantation are generally successful in suppressing alloimmune responses, but dramatically hinder the widespread adoption of this therapeutic approach and fail to control memory T cell populations, which leaves the graft vulnerable to destruction. In this review, we highlight the capacity of biomaterials to provide local and nuanced instruction to suppress or alter immune pathways activated in response to an allogeneic islet transplant. Biomaterial immunoisolation is a common approach employed to block direct antigen recognition and downstream cell-mediated graft destruction; however, immunoisolation alone still permits shed donor antigens to escape into the host environment, resulting in indirect antigen recognition, immune cell activation, and the creation of a toxic graft site. Designing materials to decrease antigen escape, improve cell viability, and increase material compatibility are all approaches that can decrease the local release of antigen and danger signals into the implant microenvironment. Implant materials can be further enhanced through the local delivery of anti-inflammatory, suppressive, chemotactic, and/or tolerogenic agents, which serve to control both the innate and adaptive immune responses to the implant with a benefit of reduced systemic effects. Lessons learned from understanding how to manipulate allogeneic and autogenic immune responses to pancreatic islets can also be applied to other cell therapies to improve their efficacy and duration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review explores key immunologic concepts and critical pathways mediating graft rejection in Type 1 Diabetes, which can instruct the future purposeful design of immunomodulatory biomaterials for cell therapy. A summary of immunological pathways initiated following cellular implantation, as well as current systemic immunomodulatory agents used, is provided. We then outline the potential of biomaterials to modulate these responses. The capacity of polymeric encapsulation to block some powerful rejection pathways is covered. We also highlight the role of cellular health and biocompatibility in mitigating immune responses. Finally, we review the use of bioactive materials to proactively modulate local immune responses, focusing on key concepts of anti-inflammatory, suppressive, and tolerogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M Samojlik
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cherie L Stabler
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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26
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Argentiere S, Siciliano PA, Blasi L. How Microgels Can Improve the Impact of Organ-on-Chip and Microfluidic Devices for 3D Culture: Compartmentalization, Single Cell Encapsulation and Control on Cell Fate. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3216. [PMID: 34641032 PMCID: PMC8512905 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Organ-on-chip (OOC) devices represent the new frontier in biomedical research to produce micro-organoids and tissues for drug testing and regenerative medicine. The development of such miniaturized models requires the 3D culture of multiple cell types in a highly controlled microenvironment, opening new challenges in reproducing the extracellular matrix (ECM) experienced by cells in vivo. In this regard, cell-laden microgels (CLMs) represent a promising tool for 3D cell culturing and on-chip generation of micro-organs. The engineering of hydrogel matrix with properly balanced biochemical and biophysical cues enables the formation of tunable 3D cellular microenvironments and long-term in vitro cultures. This focused review provides an overview of the most recent applications of CLMs in microfluidic devices for organoids formation, highlighting microgels' roles in OOC development as well as insights into future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Blasi
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems IMM-CNR, Via Monteroni, University Campus, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.A.); (P.A.S.)
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27
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Ghasemi A, Akbari E, Imani R. An Overview of Engineered Hydrogel-Based Biomaterials for Improved β-Cell Survival and Insulin Secretion. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:662084. [PMID: 34513805 PMCID: PMC8427138 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.662084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation provides a promising strategy in treating type 1 diabetes as an autoimmune disease, in which damaged β-cells are replaced with new islets in a minimally invasive procedure. Although islet transplantation avoids the complications associated with whole pancreas transplantations, its clinical applications maintain significant drawbacks, including long-term immunosuppression, a lack of compatible donors, and blood-mediated inflammatory responses. Biomaterial-assisted islet transplantation is an emerging technology that embeds desired cells into biomaterials, which are then directly transplanted into the patient, overcoming the aforementioned challenges. Among various biomaterials, hydrogels are the preferred biomaterial of choice in these transplants due to their ECM-like structure and tunable properties. This review aims to present a comprehensive overview of hydrogel-based biomaterials that are engineered for encapsulation of insulin-secreting cells, focusing on new hydrogel design and modification strategies to improve β-cell viability, decrease inflammatory responses, and enhance insulin secretion. We will discuss the current status of clinical studies using therapeutic bioengineering hydrogels in insulin release and prospective approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rana Imani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
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28
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Marchini A, Gelain F. Synthetic scaffolds for 3D cell cultures and organoids: applications in regenerative medicine. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:468-486. [PMID: 34187261 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1932716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures offer an unparalleled platform to recreate spatial arrangements of cells in vitro. 3D cell culture systems have gained increasing interest due to their evident advantages in providing more physiologically relevant information and more predictive data compared to their two-dimensional (2D) counterpart. Design and well-established fabrication of organoids (a particular type of 3D cell culture system) are nowadays considered a pivotal achievement for their ability to replicate in vitro cytoarchitecture and the functionalities of an organ. In this condition, pluripotent stem cells self-organize into 3D structures mimicking the in vivo microenvironments, architectures and multi-lineage differentiation. Scaffolds are key supporting elements in these 3D constructs, and Matrigel is the most commonly used matrix despite its relevant translation limitations including animal-derived sources, non-defined composition, batch-to-batch variability and poorly tailorable properties. Alternatively, 3D synthetic scaffolds, including self-assembling peptides, show promising biocompatibility and biomimetic properties, and can be tailored on specific target tissue/cells. In this review, we discuss the recent advances on 3D cell culture systems and organoids, promising tools for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. For this purpose, we will describe the current state-of-the-art on 3D cell culture systems and organoids based on currently available synthetic-based biomaterials (including tailored self-assembling peptides) either tested in in vivo animal models or developed in vitro with potential application in the field of tissue engineering, with the aim to inspire researchers to take on such promising platforms for clinical applications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Marchini
- Tissue Engineering Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies-ISBReMIT, Fondazione IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gelain
- Tissue Engineering Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies-ISBReMIT, Fondazione IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.,Center for Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering (CNTE), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
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29
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Encapsulation Strategies for Pancreatic Islet Transplantation without Immune Suppression. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-021-00190-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Emerson AE, Slaby EM, Hiremath SC, Weaver JD. Biomaterial-based approaches to engineering immune tolerance. Biomater Sci 2021; 8:7014-7032. [PMID: 33179649 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01171a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of biomaterial-based therapeutics to induce immune tolerance holds great promise for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, allergy, and graft rejection in transplantation. Historical approaches to treat these immunological challenges have primarily relied on systemic delivery of broadly-acting immunosuppressive agents that confer undesirable, off-target effects. The evolution and expansion of biomaterial platforms has proven to be a powerful tool in engineering immunotherapeutics and enabled a great diversity of novel and targeted approaches in engineering immune tolerance, with the potential to eliminate side effects associated with systemic, non-specific immunosuppressive approaches. In this review, we summarize the technological advances within three broad biomaterials-based strategies to engineering immune tolerance: nonspecific tolerogenic agent delivery, antigen-specific tolerogenic therapy, and the emergent area of tolerogenic cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Emerson
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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31
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Shieh H, Saadatmand M, Eskandari M, Bastani D. Microfluidic on-chip production of microgels using combined geometries. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1565. [PMID: 33452407 PMCID: PMC7810975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic on-chip production of microgels using external gelation can serve numerous applications that involve encapsulation of sensitive cargos. Nevertheless, on-chip production of microgels in microfluidic devices can be challenging due to problems induced by the rapid increase in precursor solution viscosity like clogging. Here, a novel design incorporating a step, which includes a sudden increase in cross-sectional area, before a flow-focusing nozzle was proposed for microfluidic droplet generators. Besides, a shielding oil phase was utilized to avoid the occurrence of emulsification and gelation stages simultaneously. The step which was located before the flow-focusing nozzle facilitated the full shielding of the dispersed phase due to 3-dimensional fluid flow in this geometry. The results showed that the microfluidic device was capable of generating highly monodispersed spherical droplets (CV < 2% for step and CV < 5% for flow-focusing nozzle) with an average diameter in the range of 90-190 μm, both in step and flow-focusing nozzle. Moreover, it was proved that the device could adequately create a shelter for the dispersed phase regardless of the droplet formation locus. The ability of this microfluidic device in the production of microgels was validated by creating alginate microgels (with an average diameter of ~ 100 μm) through an external gelation process with on-chip calcium chloride emulsion in mineral oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Shieh
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Saadatmand
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahnaz Eskandari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Bastani
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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32
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Arifin DR, Bulte JWM. In Vivo Imaging of Pancreatic Islet Grafts in Diabetes Treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:640117. [PMID: 33737913 PMCID: PMC7961081 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.640117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of pancreatic islets has potential to offer life-long blood glucose management in type I diabetes and severe type II diabetes without the need of exogenous insulin administration. However, islet cell therapy suffers from autoimmune and allogeneic rejection as well as non-immune related factors. Non-invasive techniques to monitor and evaluate the fate of cell implants in vivo are essential to understand the underlying causes of graft failure, and hence to improve the precision and efficacy of islet therapy. This review describes how imaging technology has been employed to interrogate the distribution, number or volume, viability, and function of islet implants in vivo. To date, fluorescence imaging, PET, SPECT, BLI, MRI, MPI, and ultrasonography are the many imaging modalities being developed to fulfill this endeavor. We outline here the advantages, limitations, and clinical utility of each particular imaging approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian R. Arifin
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jeff W. M. Bulte
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeff W. M. Bulte,
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33
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Emerson AE, Slaby EM, Weaver JD. A Method for Organoid Transplantation and Whole-Mount Visualization of Post-Engraftment Vascularization. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2258:259-272. [PMID: 33340366 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1174-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
As the field of organoid development matures, the need to transplant organoids to evaluate and characterize their functionality grows. Decades of research developing islet organoid transplantation for the treatment of type 1 diabetes can contribute substantially to accelerating diverse tissue organoid transplantation. Biomaterials-based organoid delivery methods offer the potential to maximize organoid survival and engraftment. In this protocol, we describe a vasculogenic degradable hydrogel vehicle and a method to deliver organoids to intraperitoneal tissue. Further, we describe a method to fluorescently label and image functional vasculature within the graft as a tool to investigate organoid engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Emerson
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Emily M Slaby
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jessica D Weaver
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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34
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Fuchs S, Ernst AU, Wang LH, Shariati K, Wang X, Liu Q, Ma M. Hydrogels in Emerging Technologies for Type 1 Diabetes. Chem Rev 2020; 121:11458-11526. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fuchs
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alexander U. Ernst
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Long-Hai Wang
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kaavian Shariati
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xi Wang
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Qingsheng Liu
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Minglin Ma
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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35
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Mohammadi MR, Dehkordi-Vakil F, Ricks-Oddie J, Mansfield R, Kashimiri H, Daniels M, Zhao W, Lakey JR. Preferences of Type 1 Diabetic Patients on Devices for Islet Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2020; 29:963689720952343. [PMID: 33023311 PMCID: PMC7784499 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720952343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of pancreatic islets within a biomaterial device is currently
under investigation in clinical trials for the treatment of patients with type 1
diabetes (T1D). Patients’ preferences on such implants could guide the designs
of next-generation implantable devices; however, such information is not
currently available. We surveyed the preferences of 482 patients with T1D on the
size, shape, visibility, and transplantation site of islet containing implants.
More than 83% of participants were willing to receive autologous stem cells, and
there was no significant association between implant fabricated by one’s own
stem cell with gender (χ2 (1, n = 468) = 0.28; P = 0.6) or
with age (χ2 (4, n = 468) = 2.92; P = 0.6).
Preferred location for islet transplantation within devices was under the skin
(52.7%). 48.3% preferred microscopic disks, and 32.3% preferred a thin device
(like a credit card). Moreover, 58.4% preferred the implant to be as small as
possible, 25.4% did not care about visibility, and 16.2% preferred their
implants not to be visible. Among female participants, 81% cared about the
implant visibility, whereas this number was 64% for male respondents
(χ2 test (1, n = 468) = 16.34; P <
0.0001). 22% of those younger than 50 years of age and 30% of those older than
50 did not care about the visibility of implant (χ2 test (4, n = 468) = 23.69; P <
0.0001). These results suggest that subcutaneous sites and micron-sized devices
are preferred choices among patients with T1D who participated in our
survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rezaa Mohammadi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 8788University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, 8788University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Farideh Dehkordi-Vakil
- Center for Statistical Consulting, Department of Statistics, 8788University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joni Ricks-Oddie
- Center for Statistical Consulting, Department of Statistics, 8788University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Robert Mansfield
- 369679Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Orange County Chapter, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Mark Daniels
- CHOC Children's Endocrine & Diabetes Center, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Weian Zhao
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, 8788University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, 8788University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, 8788University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, 8788University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Rt Lakey
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, 8788University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, 8788University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
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36
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Laporte C, Tubbs E, Pierron M, Gallego A, Moisan A, Lamarche F, Lozano T, Hernandez A, Cottet-Rousselle C, Gauchez AS, Persoons V, Bottausci F, Fontelaye C, Boizot F, Lablanche S, Rivera F. Improved human islets’ viability and functionality with mesenchymal stem cells and arg-gly-asp tripeptides supplementation of alginate micro-encapsulated islets in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:650-657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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37
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Li Y, Frei AW, Yang EY, Labrada-Miravet I, Sun C, Rong Y, Samojlik MM, Bayer AL, Stabler CL. In vitro platform establishes antigen-specific CD8 + T cell cytotoxicity to encapsulated cells via indirect antigen recognition. Biomaterials 2020; 256:120182. [PMID: 32599358 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The curative potential of non-autologous cellular therapy is hindered by the requirement of anti-rejection therapy. Cellular encapsulation within nondegradable biomaterials has the potential to inhibit immune rejection, but the efficacy of this approach in robust preclinical and clinical models remains poor. While the responses of innate immune cells to the encapsulating material have been characterized, little attention has been paid to the contributions of adaptive immunity in encapsulated graft destabilization. Avoiding the limitations of animal models, we established an efficient, antigen-specific in vitro platform capable of delineating direct and indirect host T cell recognition to microencapsulated cellular grafts and evaluated their consequential impacts. Using ovalbumin (OVA) as a model antigen, we determined that alginate microencapsulation abrogates direct CD8+ T cell activation by interrupting donor-host interaction; however, indirect T cell activation, mediated by host antigen presenting cells (APCs) primed with shed donor antigens, still occurs. These activated T cells imparted cytotoxicity on the encapsulated cells, likely via diffusion of cytotoxic solutes. Overall, this platform delivers unique mechanistic insight into the impacts of hydrogel encapsulation on host adaptive immune responses, comprehensively addressing a long-standing hypothesis of the field. Furthermore, it provides an efficient benchtop screening tool for the investigation of new encapsulation methods and/or synergistic immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anthony W Frei
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ethan Y Yang
- Diabetes Research Institute, College of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Irayme Labrada-Miravet
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chuqiao Sun
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yanan Rong
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Magdalena M Samojlik
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Allison L Bayer
- Diabetes Research Institute, College of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Cherie L Stabler
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; University of Florida Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Medina JD, Alexander M, Hunckler MD, Fernández-Yagüe MA, Coronel MM, Smink AM, Lakey JR, de Vos P, García AJ. Functionalization of Alginate with Extracellular Matrix Peptides Enhances Viability and Function of Encapsulated Porcine Islets. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000102. [PMID: 32255552 PMCID: PMC7598935 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Translation of transplanted alginate-encapsulated pancreatic islets to treat type 1 diabetes has been hindered by inconsistent long-term efficacy. This loss of graft function can be partially attributed to islet dysfunction associated with the destruction of extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions during the islet isolation process as well as immunosuppression-associated side effects. This study aims at recapitulating islet-ECM interactions by the direct functionalization of alginate with the ECM-derived peptides RGD, LRE, YIGSR, PDGEA, and PDSGR. Peptide functionalization is controlled in a concentration-dependent manner and its presentation is found to be homogeneous across the microcapsule environment. Preweaned porcine islets are encapsulated in peptide-functionalized alginate microcapsules, and those encapsulated in RGD-functionalized alginate displays enhanced viability and glucose-stimulated insulin release. Effects are RGD-specific and not observed with its scrambled control RDG nor with LRE, YIGSR, PDGEA, and PDSGR. This study supports the sustained presentation of ECM-derived peptides in helping to maintain health of encapsulated pancreatic islets and may aid in prolonging longevity of encapsulated islet grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Medina
- Biomedical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Michael Alexander
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine at UC Irvine, Irvine 333 City Boulevard West, Suite 1600, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Michael D Hunckler
- Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Marc A Fernández-Yagüe
- Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - María M Coronel
- Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Alexandra M Smink
- Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan R Lakey
- Surgery and Biomedical Engineering at UC Irvine, 333 City Boulevard West, Suite 1600, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Paul de Vos
- Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Andrés J García
- Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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White AM, Shamul JG, Xu J, Stewart S, Bromberg JS, He X. Engineering Strategies to Improve Islet Transplantation for Type 1 Diabetes Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:2543-2562. [PMID: 33299929 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks insulin-producing beta cells of pancreatic islets. Type 1 diabetes can be treated with islet transplantation; however, patients must be administered immunosuppressants to prevent immune rejection of the transplanted islets if they are not autologous or not engineered with immune protection/isolation. To overcome biological barriers of islet transplantation, encapsulation strategies have been developed and robustly investigated. While islet encapsulation can prevent the need for immunosuppressants, these approaches have not shown much success in clinical trials due to a lack of long-term insulin production. Multiple engineering strategies have been used to improve encapsulation and post-transplantation islet survival. In addition, more efficient islet cryopreservation methods have been designed to facilitate the scaling-up of islet transplantation. Other islet sources have been identified including porcine islets and stem cell-derived islet-like aggregates. Overall, islet-laden capsule transplantation has greatly improved over the past 30 years and is moving towards becoming a clinically feasible treatment for type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa M White
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - James G Shamul
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jiangsheng Xu
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Samantha Stewart
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jonathan S Bromberg
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201.,Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Xiaoming He
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201.,Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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