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Frey A, Lunding LP, Wegmann M. The Dual Role of the Airway Epithelium in Asthma: Active Barrier and Regulator of Inflammation. Cells 2023; 12:2208. [PMID: 37759430 PMCID: PMC10526792 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic airway inflammation is the cornerstone on which bronchial asthma arises, and in turn, chronic inflammation arises from a complex interplay between environmental factors such as allergens and pathogens and immune cells as well as structural cells constituting the airway mucosa. Airway epithelial cells (AECs) are at the center of these processes. On the one hand, they represent the borderline separating the body from its environment in order to keep inner homeostasis. The airway epithelium forms a multi-tiered, self-cleaning barrier that involves an unstirred, discontinuous mucous layer, the dense and rigid mesh of the glycocalyx, and the cellular layer itself, consisting of multiple, densely interconnected cell types. On the other hand, the airway epithelium represents an immunologically highly active tissue once its barrier has been penetrated: AECs play a pivotal role in releasing protective immunoglobulin A. They express a broad spectrum of pattern recognition receptors, enabling them to react to environmental stressors that overcome the mucosal barrier. By releasing alarmins-proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines-AECs play an active role in the formation, strategic orientation, and control of the subsequent defense reaction. Consequently, the airway epithelium is of vital importance to chronic inflammatory diseases, such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Frey
- Division of Mucosal Immunology and Diagnostics, Research Center Borstel, 23845 Borstel, Germany;
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany;
| | - Lars P. Lunding
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany;
- Division of Lung Immunology, Research Center Borstel, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Michael Wegmann
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927 Großhansdorf, Germany;
- Division of Lung Immunology, Research Center Borstel, 23845 Borstel, Germany
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2
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Dy ABC, Girkin J, Marrocco A, Collison A, Mwase C, O'Sullivan MJ, Phung TKN, Mattes J, Koziol-White C, Gern JE, Bochkov YA, Bartlett NW, Park JA. Rhinovirus infection induces secretion of endothelin-1 from airway epithelial cells in both in vitro and in vivo models. Respir Res 2023; 24:205. [PMID: 37598152 PMCID: PMC10440034 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinovirus (RV) infection of airway epithelial cells triggers asthma exacerbations, during which airway smooth muscle (ASM) excessively contracts. Due to ASM contraction, airway epithelial cells become mechanically compressed. We previously reported that compressed human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells are a source of endothelin-1 (ET-1) that causes ASM contraction. Here, we hypothesized that epithelial sensing of RV by TLR3 and epithelial compression induce ET-1 secretion through a TGF-β receptor (TGFβR)-dependent mechanism. METHODS To test this, we used primary HBE cells well-differentiated in air-liquid interface culture and two mouse models (ovalbumin and house dust mite) of allergic airway disease (AAD). HBE cells were infected with RV-A16, treated with a TLR3 agonist (poly(I:C)), or exposed to compression. Thereafter, EDN1 (ET-1 protein-encoding gene) mRNA expression and secreted ET-1 protein were measured. We examined the role of TGFβR in ET-1 secretion using either a pharmacologic inhibitor of TGFβR or recombinant TGF-β1 protein. In the AAD mouse models, allergen-sensitized and allergen-challenged mice were subsequently infected with RV. We then measured ET-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) following methacholine challenge. RESULTS Our data reveal that RV infection induced EDN1 expression and ET-1 secretion in HBE cells, potentially mediated by TLR3. TGFβR activation was partially required for ET-1 secretion, which was induced by RV, poly(I:C), or compression. TGFβR activation alone was sufficient to increase ET-1 secretion. In AAD mouse models, RV induced ET-1 secretion in BALF, which positively correlated with AHR. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide evidence that RV infection increased epithelial-cell ET-1 secretion through a TGFβR-dependent mechanism, which contributes to bronchoconstriction during RV-induced asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alane Blythe C Dy
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, SPH1-315, USA
| | - Jason Girkin
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Antonella Marrocco
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, SPH1-315, USA
| | - Adam Collison
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Chimwemwe Mwase
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, SPH1-315, USA
| | - Michael J O'Sullivan
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, SPH1-315, USA
| | - Thien-Khoi N Phung
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, SPH1-315, USA
| | - Joerg Mattes
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | | | - James E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yury A Bochkov
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Jin-Ah Park
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, SPH1-315, USA.
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3
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Hua HS, Wen HC, Lee HS, Weng CM, Yuliani FS, Kuo HP, Chen BC, Lin CH. Endothelin-1 induces connective tissue growth factor expression in human lung fibroblasts by disrupting HDAC2/Sin3A/MeCP2 corepressor complex. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:40. [PMID: 37312162 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00931-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduction of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 2 expression and activity may contribute to amplified inflammation in patients with severe asthma. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a key mediator of airway fibrosis in severe asthma. However, the role of the HDAC2/Sin3A/methyl-CpG-binding protein (MeCP) 2 corepressor complex in the regulation of CTGF expression in lung fibroblasts remains unclear. METHODS The role of the HDAC2/Sin3A/MeCP2 corepressor complex in endothelin (ET)-1-stimulated CTGF production in human lung fibroblasts (WI-38) was investigated. We also evaluated the expression of HDAC2, Sin3A and MeCP2 in the lung of ovalbumin-induced airway fibrosis model. RESULTS HDAC2 suppressed ET-1-induced CTGF expression in WI-38 cells. ET-1 treatment reduced HDAC2 activity and increased H3 acetylation in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, overexpression of HDAC2 inhibited ET-1-induced H3 acetylation. Inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, or p38 attenuated ET-1-induced H3 acetylation by suppressing HDAC2 phosphorylation and reducing HDAC2 activity. Overexpression of both Sin3A and MeCP2 attenuated ET-1-induced CTGF expression and H3 acetylation. ET-1 induced the disruption of the HDAC2/Sin3A/MeCP2 corepressor complex and then prompted the dissociation of HDAC2, Sin3A, and MeCP2 from the CTGF promoter region. Overexpression of HDAC2, Sin3A, or MeCP2 attenuated ET-1-stimulated AP-1-luciferase activity. Moreover, Sin3A- or MeCP2-suppressed ET-1-induced H3 acetylation and AP-1-luciferase activity were reversed by transfection of HDAC2 siRNA. In an ovalbumin-induced airway fibrosis model, the protein levels of HDAC2 and Sin3A were lower than in the control group; however, no significant difference in MeCP2 expression was observed. The ratio of phospho-HDAC2/HDAC2 and H3 acetylation in the lung tissue were higher in this model than in the control group. Overall, without stimulation, the HDAC2/Sin3A/MeCP2 corepressor complex inhibits CTGF expression by regulating H3 deacetylation in the CTGF promoter region in human lung fibroblasts. With ET-1 stimulation, the HDAC2/Sin3A/MeCP2 corepressor complex is disrupted and dissociated from the CTGF promoter region; this is followed by AP-1 activation and the eventual initiation of CTGF production. CONCLUSIONS The HDAC2/Sin3A/MeCP2 corepressor complex is an endogenous inhibitor of CTGF in lung fibroblasts. Additionally, HDAC2 and Sin3A may be of greater importance than MeCP2 in the pathogenesis of airway fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Sheng Hua
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Ching Wen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Sheng Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Research Center of Thoracic Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Weng
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Research Center of Thoracic Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fara Silvia Yuliani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Han-Pin Kuo
- Division of Thoracic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center of Thoracic Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Chang Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- Research Center of Thoracic Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Huang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- Research Center of Thoracic Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Li L, Mac Aogáin M, Xu T, Jaggi TK, Chan LLY, Qu J, Wei L, Liao S, Cheng HS, Keir HR, Dicker AJ, Tan KS, De Yun W, Koh MS, Ong TH, Lim AYH, Abisheganaden JA, Low TB, Hassan TM, Long X, Wark PAB, Oliver B, Drautz-Moses DI, Schuster SC, Tan NS, Fang M, Chalmers JD, Chotirmall SH. Neisseria species as pathobionts in bronchiectasis. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1311-1327.e8. [PMID: 36108613 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neisseria species are frequently identified in the bronchiectasis microbiome, but they are regarded as respiratory commensals. Using a combination of human cohorts, next-generation sequencing, systems biology, and animal models, we show that bronchiectasis bacteriomes defined by the presence of Neisseria spp. associate with poor clinical outcomes, including exacerbations. Neisseria subflava cultivated from bronchiectasis patients promotes the loss of epithelial integrity and inflammation in primary epithelial cells. In vivo animal models of Neisseria subflava infection and metabolipidome analysis highlight immunoinflammatory functional gene clusters and provide evidence for pulmonary inflammation. The murine metabolipidomic data were validated with human Neisseria-dominant bronchiectasis samples and compared with disease in which Pseudomonas-, an established bronchiectasis pathogen, is dominant. Metagenomic surveillance of Neisseria across various respiratory disorders reveals broader importance, and the assessment of the home environment in bronchiectasis implies potential environmental sources of exposure. Thus, we identify Neisseria species as pathobionts in bronchiectasis, allowing for improved risk stratification in this high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Micheál Mac Aogáin
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Clinical Biochemistry Unit, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tengfei Xu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PRC
| | - Tavleen Kaur Jaggi
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louisa L Y Chan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Qu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lan Wei
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shumin Liao
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Sheng Cheng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Holly R Keir
- University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Medical School, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Alison J Dicker
- University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Medical School, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wang De Yun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mariko Siyue Koh
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thun How Ong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Albert Yick Hou Lim
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John A Abisheganaden
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Teck Boon Low
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Xiang Long
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniela I Drautz-Moses
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephan C Schuster
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - James D Chalmers
- University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Medical School, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
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Wongtrakool C, Ko J, Jang AJ, Grooms K, Chang S, Sylber C, Kosmider B, Bahmed K, Blackburn MR, Sutliff RL, Hart CM, Park C, Nyunoya T, Passineau MJ, Lu Q, Kang BY. MicroRNA-98 reduces nerve growth factor expression in nicotine-induced airway remodeling. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:18051-18064. [PMID: 33082140 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolving evidence suggests that nicotine may contribute to impaired asthma control by stimulating expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), a neurotrophin associated with airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness. We explored the hypothesis that nicotine increases NGF by reducing lung fibroblast (LF) microRNA-98 (miR-98) and PPARγ levels, thus promoting airway remodeling. Levels of NGF, miR-98, PPARγ, fibronectin 1 (FN1), endothelin-1 (EDN1, herein referred to as ET-1), and collagen (COL1A1 and COL3A1) were measured in human LFs isolated from smoking donors, in mouse primary LFs exposed to nicotine (50 μg/ml), and in whole lung homogenates from mice chronically exposed to nicotine (100 μg/ml) in the drinking water. In selected studies, these pathways were manipulated in LFs with miR-98 inhibitor (anti-miR-98), miR-98 overexpression (miR-98 mimic), or the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone. Compared with unexposed controls, nicotine increased NGF, FN1, ET-1, COL1A1, and COL3A1 expression in human and mouse LFs and mouse lung homogenates. In contrast, nicotine reduced miR-98 levels in LFs in vitro and in lung homogenates in vivo Treatment with anti-miR-98 alone was sufficient to recapitulate increases in NGF, FN1, and ET-1, whereas treatment with a miR-98 mimic significantly suppressed luciferase expression in cells transfected with a luciferase reporter linked to the putative seed sequence in the NGF 3'UTR and also abrogated nicotine-induced increases in NGF, FN1, and ET-1 in LFs. Similarly, rosiglitazone increased miR-98 and reversed nicotine-induced increases in NGF, FN1, and ET-1. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that nicotine-induced increases in NGF and other markers of airway remodeling are negatively regulated by miR-98.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry Wongtrakool
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Junsuk Ko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew J Jang
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kora Grooms
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah Chang
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cory Sylber
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Beata Kosmider
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karim Bahmed
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael R Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Roy L Sutliff
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - C Michael Hart
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Changwon Park
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Toru Nyunoya
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael J Passineau
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center/Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Bum-Yong Kang
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Veerati PC, Mitchel JA, Reid AT, Knight DA, Bartlett NW, Park JA, Grainge CL. Airway mechanical compression: its role in asthma pathogenesis and progression. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29:190123. [PMID: 32759373 PMCID: PMC8008491 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0123-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung is a mechanically active organ, but uncontrolled or excessive mechanical forces disrupt normal lung function and can contribute to the development of disease. In asthma, bronchoconstriction leads to airway narrowing and airway wall buckling. A growing body of evidence suggests that pathological mechanical forces induced by airway buckling alone can perpetuate disease processes in asthma. Here, we review the data obtained from a variety of experimental models, including in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo approaches, which have been used to study the impact of mechanical forces in asthma pathogenesis. We review the evidence showing that mechanical compression alters the biological and biophysical properties of the airway epithelium, including activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway, overproduction of asthma-associated mediators, goblet cell hyperplasia, and a phase transition of epithelium from a static jammed phase to a mobile unjammed phase. We also define questions regarding the impact of mechanical forces on the pathology of asthma, with a focus on known triggers of asthma exacerbations such as viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punnam Chander Veerati
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Mitchel
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Dept of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Reid
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Dept of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Research and Academic Affairs, Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Jin-Ah Park
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Dept of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chris L Grainge
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, Australia
- Dept of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
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7
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Akdis CA, Arkwright PD, Brüggen MC, Busse W, Gadina M, Guttman‐Yassky E, Kabashima K, Mitamura Y, Vian L, Wu J, Palomares O. Type 2 immunity in the skin and lungs. Allergy 2020; 75:1582-1605. [PMID: 32319104 DOI: 10.1111/all.14318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There has been extensive progress in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation and immune regulation in allergic diseases of the skin and lungs during the last few years. Asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) are typical diseases of type 2 immune responses. interleukin (IL)-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin are essential cytokines of epithelial cells that are activated by allergens, pollutants, viruses, bacteria, and toxins that derive type 2 responses. Th2 cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILC) produce and secrete type 2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13. IL-4 and IL-13 activate B cells to class-switch to IgE and also play a role in T-cell and eosinophil migration to allergic inflammatory tissues. IL-13 contributes to maturation, activation, nitric oxide production and differentiation of epithelia, production of mucus as well as smooth muscle contraction, and extracellular matrix generation. IL-4 and IL-13 open tight junction barrier and cause barrier leakiness in the skin and lungs. IL-5 acts on activation, recruitment, and survival of eosinophils. IL-9 contributes to general allergic phenotype by enhancing all of the aspects, such as IgE and eosinophilia. Type 2 ILC contribute to inflammation in AD and asthma by enhancing the activity of Th2 cells, eosinophils, and their cytokines. Currently, five biologics are licensed to suppress type 2 inflammation via IgE, IL-5 and its receptor, and IL-4 receptor alpha. Some patients with severe atopic disease have little evidence of type 2 hyperactivity and do not respond to biologics which target this pathway. Studies in responder and nonresponder patients demonstrate the complexity of these diseases. In addition, primary immune deficiency diseases related to T-cell maturation, regulatory T-cell development, and T-cell signaling, such as Omenn syndrome, severe combined immune deficiencies, immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome, and DOCK8, STAT3, and CARD11 deficiencies, help in our understanding of the importance and redundancy of various type 2 immune components. The present review aims to highlight recent advances in type 2 immunity and discuss the cellular sources, targets, and roles of type 2 mechanisms in asthma and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
| | - Peter D. Arkwright
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Marie-Charlotte Brüggen
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - William Busse
- Department of Medicine School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA
| | - Massimo Gadina
- Translational Immunology Section Office of Science and Technology National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease NIH Bethesda MD USA
| | - Emma Guttman‐Yassky
- Department of Dermatology, and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology The Rockefeller University New York NY USA
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) and Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS) Singapore Singapore
| | - Yasutaka Mitamura
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Laura Vian
- Translational Immunology Section Office of Science and Technology National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease NIH Bethesda MD USA
| | - Jianni Wu
- Department of Dermatology, and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology The Rockefeller University New York NY USA
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Chemistry Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
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Branchett WJ, O'Garra A, Lloyd CM. Transcriptomic analysis reveals diverse gene expression changes in airway macrophages during experimental allergic airway disease. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:101. [PMID: 32587903 PMCID: PMC7309452 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15875.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Airway macrophages (AMs) are the most abundant leukocytes in the healthy airway lumen and have a highly specialised but plastic phenotype that is governed by signals in the local microenvironment. AMs are thought to maintain immunological homeostasis in the steady state, but have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic airway disease (AAD). In this study, we aimed to better understand these potentially contrasting AM functions using transcriptomic analysis. Methods: Bulk RNA sequencing was performed on AMs (CD11c + Siglec F + CD64 + CD45 + SSC hi) flow cytometry sorted from C57BL/6 mice during experimental AAD driven by repeated house dust mite inhalation (AMs HDM), compared to control AMs from non-allergic mice. Differentially expressed genes were further analysed by hierarchical clustering and biological pathway analysis. Results: AMs HDM showed increased expression of genes associated with antigen presentation, inflammatory cell recruitment and tissue repair, including several chemokine and matrix metalloproteinase genes. This was accompanied by increased expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain subunit genes and the retinoic acid biosynthetic enzyme gene Raldh2. Conversely, AMs HDM displayed decreased expression of a number of cell cycle genes, genes related to cytoskeletal functions and a subset of genes implicated in antimicrobial innate immunity, such as Tlr5, Il18 and Tnf. Differential gene expression in AMs HDM was consistent with upstream effects of the cytokines IL-4 and IFN-γ, both of which were present at increased concentrations in lung tissue after HDM treatment. Conclusions: These data highlight diverse gene expression changes in the total AM population in a clinically relevant mouse model of AAD, collectively suggestive of contributions to inflammation and tissue repair/remodelling, but with decreases in certain steady state cellular and immunological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Branchett
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Anne O'Garra
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Clare M. Lloyd
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
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9
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Branchett WJ, O'Garra A, Lloyd CM. Transcriptomic analysis reveals diverse gene expression changes in airway macrophages during experimental allergic airway disease. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:101. [PMID: 32587903 PMCID: PMC7309452 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15875.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Airway macrophages (AMs) are the most abundant leukocytes in the healthy airway lumen and have a highly specialised but plastic phenotype that is governed by signals in the local microenvironment. AMs are thought to maintain immunological homeostasis in the steady state, but have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic airway disease (AAD). In this study, we aimed to better understand these potentially contrasting AM functions using transcriptomic analysis. Methods: Bulk RNA sequencing was performed on AMs flow cytometry sorted from C57BL/6 mice during experimental AAD driven by repeated house dust mite inhalation (AMs HDM), compared to control AMs from non-allergic mice. Differentially expressed genes were further analysed by hierarchical clustering and biological pathway analysis. Results: AMs HDM showed increased expression of genes associated with antigen presentation, inflammatory cell recruitment and tissue repair, including several chemokine and matrix metalloproteinase genes. This was accompanied by increased expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain subunit genes and the retinoic acid biosynthetic enzyme gene Raldh2. Conversely, AMs HDM displayed decreased expression of a number of cell cycle genes, genes related to cytoskeletal functions and a subset of genes implicated in antimicrobial innate immunity, such as Tlr5, Il18 and Tnf. Differential gene expression in AMs HDM was consistent with upstream effects of the cytokines IL-4 and IFN-γ, both of which were present at increased concentrations in lung tissue after HDM treatment. Conclusions: These data highlight diverse gene expression changes in the total AM population in a clinically relevant mouse model of AAD, collectively suggestive of contributions to inflammation and tissue repair/remodelling, but with decreases in certain steady state cellular and immunological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Branchett
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Anne O'Garra
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Clare M. Lloyd
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, W2 1NY, UK
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10
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Hu L, Li L, Zhang H, Li Q, Jiang S, Qiu J, Sun J, Dong J. Inhibition of airway remodeling and inflammatory response by Icariin in asthma. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:316. [PMID: 31744482 PMCID: PMC6862818 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Icariin (ICA) is the major active ingredient extracted from Chinese herbal medicine Epimedium, which has the effects of improving cardiovascular function, inducing tumor cell differentiation and increasing bone formation. It is still rarely reported that ICA can exert its therapeutic potential in asthma via anti-airway remodeling. The point of the study was to estimate the role of ICA in anti-. airway remodeling and its possible mechanism of action in a mouse ovalbumin. (OVA)-induced asthma model. METHODS Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining were performed for measuring airway remodeling related indicators. ELISA, Western blot and Immunohistochemistr-. y (IHC) were used for analyzing the level of protein. RT-PCR was used for analyzing the level of mRNA. RESULTS On days 1 and 8, mice were sensitized to OVA by intraperitoneal injection. From day 16 to day 43, previously sensitized mice were exposed to OVA once daily by nebulizer. Interventions were performed orally with ICA (ICA low, medium and high dose groups) or dexamethasone 1 h prior to each OVA exposure. ICA improves pulmonary function, attenuates pulmonary inflammation and airway remodeling in mice exposed to OVA. Histological and Western blot analysis of the lungs show that ICA suppressed transforming growth factor beta 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Increase in interleukin 13 and endothelin-1 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in OVA-induced asthmatic mice are also decreased by ICA. ICA attenuates airway smooth muscle cell proliferation, as well as key factors in the MAPK/Erk pathway. CONCLUSIONS The fact that ICA can alleviate OVA-induced asthma at least partly through inhibition of ASMC proliferation via MAPK/Erk pathway provides a solid theoretical basis for ICA as a replacement therapy for asthma. These data reveal the underlying reasons of the use of ICA-rich herbs in Traditional Chinese Medicine to achieve good results in treating asthma.
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11
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Guida G, Riccio AM. Immune induction of airway remodeling. Semin Immunol 2019; 46:101346. [PMID: 31734128 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Airway remodeling is accepted to be a determining component within the natural history of asthma. It is a phenomenon characterized by changes in the airways structures that marches in parallel with and can be influenced by airway inflammation, floating at the interface between both natural and adaptive immunity and physical and mechanical cells behavior. In this review we aimed to highlight the comprehensive, yet not exhaustive, evidences of how immune cells induce, regulate and adapt to the recognized markers of airway remodeling. Mucous cell hyperplasia, epithelial dysfunction and mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix protein synthesis and restructuration, fibroblast to myofibroblast transition, airway smooth muscle proliferation, bioactive and contractile properties, and vascular remodeling encompass complex physiopathological mechanisms that can be induced, suppressed or regulated by different cellular and molecular pathways. Growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules expressed or derived either from the immune network of cells infiltrating the asthmatic airways and involving T helper lymphocytes, immune lymphoid cells, dendritic cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, mast cells or by the structural components such as epithelial cells, fibroblasts, myocytes, airway smooth muscle cells concur with protein cellular matrix component and metalloproteases in modifying the airway structure in a detrimental way. The consequences in lung function decline, fixed airway obstruction and clinical severity of the disease suggest the possibility of identify among the immune molecular pathway of remodeling some biological parameters or signal pathway to be either a good tracer for monitoring the disease evolution or a target for hypothetical phenotypes and endotypes. In the era of personalized medicine, a biomarker of remodeling might predict a response to small-molecule inhibitors or biologicals potentially targeting a fundamental aspect of asthma pathogenesis that impacts on the low responsiveness to airway inflammation directed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Guida
- Allergology and Lung Pathology, Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, Cuneo - Antonio Carle Hospital, Via Antonio Carle 5, 12100, Confreria (CN), Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Riccio
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases - Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy.
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12
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Structural alterations and markers of endothelial activation in pulmonary and bronchial arteries in fatal asthma. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2019; 15:50. [PMID: 31485240 PMCID: PMC6714380 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-019-0363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is interest in better understanding vessel pathology in asthma, given the findings of loss of peripheral vasculature associated with disease severity by imaging and altered markers of endothelial activation. To date, vascular changes in asthma have been described mainly at the submucosal capillary level of the bronchial microcirculation, with sparse information available on the pathology of bronchial and pulmonary arteries. The aim of this study was to describe structural and endothelial activation markers in bronchial arteries (BAs) and pulmonary arteries (PAs) of asthma patients who died during a fatal asthma attack. Methods Autopsy lung tissue was obtained from 21 smoking and non-smoking patients who died of an asthma attack and nine non-smoking control patients. Verhoeff–Masson trichrome staining was used to analyse the structure of arteries. Using immuno-histochemistry and image analyses, we quantified extracellular matrix (ECM) components (collagen I, collagen III, versican, tenascin, fibronectin, elastic fibres), adhesion molecules [vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)] and markers of vascular tone/dysfunction [endothelin-1 (ET-1) and angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2)] in PAs and BAs. Results There were no significant differences in ECM components, ICAM-1, ET-1 or AT2 between asthma patients and controls. Smoking asthma patients presented with decreased content of collagen III in both BA (p = 0.046) and PA (p = 0.010) walls compared to non-smoking asthma patients. Asthma patients had increased VCAM-1 content in the BA wall (p = 0.026) but not in the PA wall. Conclusion Our data suggest that the mechanisms linking asthma and arterial functional abnormalities might involve systemic rather than local mediators. Loss of collagen III in the PA was observed in smoking asthma patients, and this was compatible with the degradative environment induced by cigarette smoking. Our data also reinforce the idea that the mechanisms of leukocyte efflux via adhesion molecules differ between bronchial and pulmonary circulation, which might be relevant to understanding and treating the distal lung in asthma.
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13
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Labram B, Namvar S, Hussell T, Herrick SE. Endothelin-1 mediates Aspergillus fumigatus-induced airway inflammation and remodelling. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:861-873. [PMID: 30737857 PMCID: PMC6563189 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the airways and patients sensitized to airborne fungi such as Aspergillus fumigatus have more severe asthma. Thickening of the bronchial subepithelial layer is a contributing factor to asthma severity for which no current treatment exists. Airway epithelium acts as an initial defence barrier to inhaled spores, orchestrating an inflammatory response and contributing to subepithelial fibrosis. OBJECTIVE We aimed to analyse the production of pro-fibrogenic factors by airway epithelium in response to A fumigatus, in order to propose novel anti-fibrotic strategies for fungal-induced asthma. METHODS We assessed the induction of key pro-fibrogenic factors, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, periostin and endothelin-1, by human airway epithelial cells and in mice exposed to A fumigatus spores or secreted fungal factors. RESULTS Aspergillus fumigatus specifically caused production of endothelin-1 by epithelial cells in vitro but not any of the other pro-fibrogenic factors assessed. A fumigatus also induced endothelin-1 in murine lungs, associated with extensive inflammation and airway remodelling. Using a selective endothelin-1 receptor antagonist, we demonstrated for the first time that endothelin-1 drives many features of airway remodelling and inflammation elicited by A fumigatus. CONCLUSION Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that elevated endothelin-1 levels contribute to subepithelial thickening and highlight this factor as a possible therapeutic target for difficult-to-treat fungal-induced asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briony Labram
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineFaculty of Biology Medicine and HealthSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| | - Sara Namvar
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineFaculty of Biology Medicine and HealthSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
- Environment and Life SciencesUniversity of SalfordGreater ManchesterUK
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR)University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Sarah E. Herrick
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineFaculty of Biology Medicine and HealthSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
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Park YH, Oh EY, Han H, Yang M, Park HJ, Park KH, Lee JH, Park JW. Insulin resistance mediates high-fat diet-induced pulmonary fibrosis and airway hyperresponsiveness through the TGF-β1 pathway. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-12. [PMID: 31133649 PMCID: PMC6536500 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0258-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior studies have reported the presence of lung fibrosis and enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in mice with high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity. This study evaluated the role of TGF-β1 in HFD-induced AHR and lung fibrosis in a murine model. We generated HFD-induced obesity mice and performed glucose and insulin tolerance tests. HFD mice with or without ovalbumin sensitization and challenge were also treated with an anti-TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody. AHR to methacholine, inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and histological features were evaluated. Insulin was intranasally administered to normal diet (ND) mice, and in vitro insulin stimulation of BEAS-2b cells was performed. HFD-induced obesity mice had increased insulin resistance, enhanced AHR, peribronchial and perivascular fibrosis, and increased numbers of macrophages in the BALF. However, they did not have meaningful eosinophilic or neutrophilic inflammation in the lungs compared with ND mice. The HFD enhanced TGF-β1 expression in the bronchial epithelium, but we found no differences in the expression of interleukin (IL)−4 or IL-5 in lung homogenates. Administration of the anti-TGF-β1 antibody attenuated HFD-induced AHR and lung fibrosis. It also attenuated goblet cell hyperplasia, but did not affect the AHR and inflammatory cell infiltration induced by OVA challenge. The intranasal administration of insulin enhanced TGF-β1 expression in the bronchial epithelium and lung fibrosis. Stimulating BEAS-2b cells with insulin also increased TGF-β1 production by 24 h. We concluded that HFD-induced obesity-associated insulin resistance enhances TGF-β1 expression in the bronchial epithelium, which may play an important role in the development of lung fibrosis and AHR in obesity. Insulin resistance may be an important causative factor underlying the increased risk of asthma and other respiratory issues in obese individuals. Obesity doubles the likelihood of developing asthma, with symptoms that are more difficult to control than in non-obese patients. The connection between these conditions is poorly understood, but researchers led by Jung-Won Park, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea, have identified a potential mechanism. They demonstrated that a signaling molecule called TGF-β1 contributes to airway sensitivity and tissue scarring in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Subsequent experiments showed that treatment with insulin also gives rise to increased TGF-β1 production in the mouse lung. Since insulin resistance is a common feature of obesity, resulting in abnormally high levels of circulating insulin, this could also account for the increased risk of respiratory problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Hee Park
- Institute for Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Yi Oh
- Institute for Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heejae Han
- Institute for Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Misuk Yang
- Institute for Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Park
- Institute for Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Institute for Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Won Park
- Institute for Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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15
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Regulatory cytokine function in the respiratory tract. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:589-600. [PMID: 30874596 PMCID: PMC7051906 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory tract is an important site of immune regulation; required to allow protective immunity against pathogens, while minimizing tissue damage and avoiding aberrant inflammatory responses to inhaled allergens. Several cell types work in concert to control pulmonary immune responses and maintain tolerance in the respiratory tract, including regulatory and effector T cells, airway and interstitial macrophages, dendritic cells and the airway epithelium. The cytokines transforming growth factor β, interleukin (IL-) 10, IL-27, and IL-35 are key coordinators of immune regulation in tissues such as the lung. Here, we discuss the role of these cytokines during respiratory infection and allergic airway disease, highlighting the critical importance of cellular source and immunological context for the effects of these cytokines in vivo.
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16
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Lan B, Mitchel JA, O’Sullivan MJ, Park CY, Kim JH, Cole WC, Butler JP, Park JA. Airway epithelial compression promotes airway smooth muscle proliferation and contraction. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L645-L652. [PMID: 30070589 PMCID: PMC6295502 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00261.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During acute bronchoconstriction, the airway epithelium becomes mechanically compressed, as airway smooth muscle contracts and the airway narrows. This mechanical compression activates airway epithelium to promote asthmatic airway remodeling. However, whether compressed airway epithelium can feed back on the cause of bronchoconstriction has remained an open question. Here we examine the potential for epithelial compression to augment proliferation and contraction of airway smooth muscle, and thus potentiate further bronchoconstriction and epithelial compression. Well-differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells maintained in air-liquid interface culture were mechanically compressed to mimic the effect of bronchoconstriction. Primary human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells were incubated with conditioned media collected from mechanically compressed HBE cells to examine the effect of epithelial-derived mediators on HASM cell proliferation using an EdU assay and HASM cell contraction using traction microscopy. An endothelin receptor antagonist, PD-145065, was employed to probe the role of HBE cell-derived endothelin-1 on the proliferation and contraction of HASM cells. Conditioned media from compressed HBE cells increased HASM cell proliferation, independent of the endothelin-1 signaling pathway. However, conditioned media from compressed HBE cells significantly increased HASM cell basal contraction and histamine-induced contraction, both of which depended on the endothelin-1 signaling pathway. Our data demonstrate that mechanical compression of bronchial epithelial cells contributes to proliferation and basal contraction of airway smooth muscle cells and that augmented contraction depends on epithelial cell-derived endothelin-1. By means of both airway smooth muscle remodeling and contractility, our findings suggest a causal role of epithelial compression on asthma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lan
- 1Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts,2Smooth Muscle Research Group and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Mitchel
- 1Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael J. O’Sullivan
- 1Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chan Young Park
- 1Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jae Hun Kim
- 1Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William C. Cole
- 2Smooth Muscle Research Group and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - James P. Butler
- 1Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts,3Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jin-Ah Park
- 1Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Boskabady M, Marefati N, Farkhondeh T, Shakeri F, Farshbaf A, Boskabady MH. The effect of environmental lead exposure on human health and the contribution of inflammatory mechanisms, a review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 120:404-420. [PMID: 30125858 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) pollution has been considered as a major threat for human health due to induction of inflammatory cascades in various tissues. The aim of present review is to summarize the literature on the effects of lead exposure on respiratory, neurologic, digestive, cardiovascular and urinary disorders and the role of inflammation as an underlying mechanism for these effects. Various databases such as ISI Web of Knowledge, Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Iran Medex, were searched from 1970 to November 2017 to gather the required articles using appropriate keywords such as lead, respiratory disorders, neurologic disorders, digestive disorders, cardiovascular disorders, urinary disorders and inflammation. Disorders of various body systems and the role of inflammation due to lead exposure has been proven by various studies. These studies indicate that lead exposure may cause respiratory, neurologic, digestive, cardiovascular and urinary diseases. The results were also indicated the increased inflammatory cells and mediators due to lead exposure including cytokines and chemokines due to lead exposure which suggested to be the cause various organ disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzie Boskabady
- Dental Materials Research Center, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narges Marefati
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Shakeri
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Alieh Farshbaf
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, Iran.
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18
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Abstract
Type 2 immunity is characterized by the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, and this immune response is commonly observed in tissues during allergic inflammation or infection with helminth parasites. However, many of the key cell types associated with type 2 immune responses - including T helper 2 cells, eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, type 2 innate lymphoid cells and IL-4- and IL-13-activated macrophages - also regulate tissue repair following injury. Indeed, these cell populations engage in crucial protective activity by reducing tissue inflammation and activating important tissue-regenerative mechanisms. Nevertheless, when type 2 cytokine-mediated repair processes become chronic, over-exuberant or dysregulated, they can also contribute to the development of pathological fibrosis in many different organ systems. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms by which type 2 immunity contributes to tissue regeneration and fibrosis following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Gieseck
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA
| | - Mark S Wilson
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852, USA
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19
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Ojiaku CA, Yoo EJ, Panettieri RA. Transforming Growth Factor β1 Function in Airway Remodeling and Hyperresponsiveness. The Missing Link? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:432-442. [PMID: 27854509 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0307tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of asthma includes a complex interplay among airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and remodeling. Current evidence suggests that airway structural cells, including bronchial smooth muscle cells, myofibroblasts, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells, mediate all three aspects of asthma pathogenesis. Although studies show a connection between airway remodeling and changes in bronchomotor tone, the relationship between the two remains unclear. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), a growth factor elevated in the airway of patients with asthma, plays a role in airway remodeling and in the shortening of various airway structural cells. However, the role of TGF-β1 in mediating airway hyperresponsiveness remains unclear. In this review, we summarize the literature addressing the role of TGF-β1 in airway remodeling and shortening. Through our review, we aim to further elucidate the role of TGF-β1 in asthma pathogenesis and the link between airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma and to define TGF-β1 as a potential therapeutic target for reducing asthma morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie A Ojiaku
- 1 Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and.,2 Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Edwin J Yoo
- 1 Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and.,2 Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- 2 Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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20
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Singh J, Shah R, Singh D. Inundation of asthma target research: Untangling asthma riddles. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2016; 41:60-85. [PMID: 27667568 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is an inveterate inflammatory disorder, delineated by the airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and airway wall remodeling. Although, asthma is a vague term, and is recognized as heterogenous entity encompassing different phenotypes. Targeting single mediator or receptor did not prove much clinical significant, as asthma is complex disease involving myriad inflammatory mediators. Asthma may probably involve a large number of different types of molecular and cellular components interacting through complex pathophysiological pathways. This review covers the past, present, and future therapeutic approaches and pathophysiological mechanisms of asthma. Furthermore, review describe importance of targeting several mediators/modulators and receptor antagonists involved in the physiopathology of asthma. Novel targets for asthma research include Galectins, Immunological targets, K + Channels, Kinases and Transcription Factors, Toll-like receptors, Selectins and Transient receptor potential channels. But recent developments in asthma research are very promising, these include Bitter taste receptors (TAS2R) abated airway obstruction in mouse model of asthma and Calcium-sensing receptor obliterate inflammation and in bronchial hyperresponsiveness allergic asthma. All these progresses in asthma targets, and asthma phenotypes exploration are auspicious in untangling of asthma riddles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Ramanpreet Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Dhandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India.
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21
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Regulation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Cytokine 2016; 87:1-8. [PMID: 27255596 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) exert critical roles in type 2 immune responses, epithelial repair at mucosal tissues and metabolic homeostasis. ILC2 rapidly provide large amounts of type 2 signature cytokines, thereby driving type 2 immune responses such as the defense against helminths. However, if deregulated, ILC2 facilitate tissue fibrosis and trigger unwanted type 2 immunopathologies such as allergies, asthma and atopic dermatitis. Therefore, ILC2 need to be tightly regulated and we are just beginning to understand which mediators activate or inhibit this rare but important cell population. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about positive and negative regulation of ILC2 and discuss its immunological consequences.
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22
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Denney L, Byrne AJ, Shea TJ, Buckley JS, Pease JE, Herledan GMF, Walker SA, Gregory LG, Lloyd CM. Pulmonary Epithelial Cell-Derived Cytokine TGF-β1 Is a Critical Cofactor for Enhanced Innate Lymphoid Cell Function. Immunity 2015; 43:945-58. [PMID: 26588780 PMCID: PMC4658339 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells orchestrate pulmonary homeostasis and pathogen defense and play a crucial role in the initiation of allergic immune responses. Maintaining the balance between homeostasis and inappropriate immune activation and associated pathology is particularly complex at mucosal sites that are exposed to billions of potentially antigenic particles daily. We demonstrated that epithelial cell-derived cytokine TGF-β had a central role in the generation of the pulmonary immune response. Mice that specifically lacked epithelial cell-derived TGF-β1 displayed a reduction in type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), resulting in suppression of interleukin-13 and hallmark features of the allergic response including airway hyperreactivity. ILCs in the airway lumen were primed to respond to TGF-β by expressing the receptor TGF-βRII and ILC chemoactivity was enhanced by TGF-β. These data demonstrate that resident epithelial cells instruct immune cells, highlighting the central role of the local environmental niche in defining the nature and magnitude of immune reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Denney
- Inflammation, Repair & Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Adam J Byrne
- Inflammation, Repair & Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Thomas J Shea
- Inflammation, Repair & Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - James S Buckley
- Inflammation, Repair & Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - James E Pease
- Inflammation, Repair & Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Gaelle M F Herledan
- Inflammation, Repair & Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Simone A Walker
- Inflammation, Repair & Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Lisa G Gregory
- Inflammation, Repair & Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- Inflammation, Repair & Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ UK.
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23
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Saglani S, Lloyd CM. Novel concepts in airway inflammation and remodelling in asthma. Eur Respir J 2015; 46:1796-804. [PMID: 26541520 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01196-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The hallmark pathological features of asthma include airway eosinophilic inflammation and structural changes (remodelling) which are associated with an irreversible loss in lung function that tracks from childhood to adulthood. In parallel with changes in function, pathological abnormalities occur early, during the pre-school years, are established by school age and subsequently remain (even though symptoms may remit for periods during adulthood). Given the equal importance of inflammation and remodelling in asthma pathogenesis, there is a significant disparity in studies undertaken to investigate the contribution of each. The majority focus on the role of inflammation, and although novel therapeutics such as those targeted against T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) mediators have arisen, it is apparent that targeting inflammation alone has not allowed disease modification. Therefore, unless airway remodelling is addressed for future therapeutic strategies, it is unlikely that we will progress towards a cure for asthma. Having acknowledged these limitations, the focus of this review is to highlight the gaps in our current knowledge about the mechanisms underlying airway remodelling, the relationships between remodelling, inflammation and function, remodelling and clinical phenotypes, and the importance of utilising innovative and realistic pre-clinical models to uncover effective, disease-modifying therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Saglani
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK Dept of Respiratory Paediatrics, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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24
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Aktar MK, Kido-Nakahara M, Furue M, Nakahara T. Mutual upregulation of endothelin-1 and IL-25 in atopic dermatitis. Allergy 2015; 70:846-54. [PMID: 25903653 DOI: 10.1111/all.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been reported to evoke histamine-independent pruritus in mammals. However, its association with pruritus or inflammation of atopic dermatitis (AD) has not been clarified. We sought to investigate the role of ET-1 in the skin inflammation of AD. METHODS To examine the role of ET-1 in AD, we investigated the expression of ET-1 and IL-25 in the skin of an AD mouse model and patients with AD and examined the mutual regulatory relationship between ET-1 and IL-25, one of the important cytokines in AD, using the human HaCaT keratinocyte cell line. RESULTS We immunohistochemically confirmed the upregulation of ET-1 and IL-25 expression in the epidermis of both the AD mouse model and patients with AD. In vitro, IL-25 upregulated ET-1 mRNA and protein expression in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion in HaCaT cells. This IL-25-induced ET-1 expression was inhibited by ERK1/2 or JNK inhibitor. In a reciprocal manner, ET-1 also induced IL-25 upregulation. The enhancing effect of ET-1 on IL-25 was inhibited by an endothelin A receptor antagonist, ERK1/2 inhibitor, or p38 inhibitor, but not by an endothelin B receptor antagonist or JNK inhibitor. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that mutual upregulation of ET-1 and IL-25 takes place in the epidermis of AD, which may be a future target for antipruritic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. K. Aktar
- Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - M. Kido-Nakahara
- Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - M. Furue
- Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
- Division of Skin Surface Sensing; Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - T. Nakahara
- Division of Skin Surface Sensing; Department of Dermatology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
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25
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Gosens R, Grainge C. Bronchoconstriction and airway biology: potential impact and therapeutic opportunities. Chest 2015; 147:798-803. [PMID: 25732446 DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work has demonstrated that mechanical forces occurring in the airway as a consequence of bronchoconstriction are sufficient to not only induce symptoms but also influence airway biology. Animal and human in vitro and in vivo work demonstrates that the airways are structurally and functionally altered by mechanical stress induced by bronchoconstriction. Compression of the airway epithelium and mechanosensing by the airway smooth muscle trigger the activation and release of growth factors, causing cell proliferation, extracellular matrix protein accumulation, and goblet cell differentiation. These effects of bronchoconstriction are of major importance to asthma pathophysiology and appear sufficient to induce remodeling independent of the inflammatory response. We review these findings in detail and discuss previous studies in light of this new evidence regarding the influence of mechanical forces in the airways. Furthermore, we highlight potential impacts of therapies influencing mechanical forces on airway structure and function in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinoud Gosens
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Chris Grainge
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Yao X, Wang W, Li Y, Huang P, Zhang Q, Wang J, Wang W, Lv Z, An Y, Qin J, Corrigan CJ, Huang K, Sun Y, Ying S. IL-25 induces airways angiogenesis and expression of multiple angiogenic factors in a murine asthma model. Respir Res 2015; 16:39. [PMID: 25889697 PMCID: PMC4390095 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Th2-promoting cytokine IL-25 might contribute to bronchial mucosal vascular remodelling in asthma through its receptor expressed by vascular endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Methods By utilising a newly established chronic asthma murine model induced by direct exposure of the airways to IL-25 alone, we examined effects of IL-25 on angiogenesis, vascular remodelling and expression of angiogenic factors, compared changes with those in a “classical” ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine asthma model. IL-25 and OVA were intranasally instilled into the airways of BALB/c mice for up to 55 days. Airways vessels and angiogenic factors, including Von Willebrand Factor (vWF), amphiregulin, angiogenin, endothelin-1, transcription factor ERG, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in lung sections, homogenates and BAL fluid were detected and quantified by immunostaining or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An in house assay was also utilised to compare the effects of IL-25 and other Th2-cytokines on angiogenesis by human vascular endothelial cells. Results Repetitive intranasal challenge with IL-25 alone or OVA alone in OVA-presensitised animals significantly increased peribronchial vWF + vessels in the murine airways, which was associated with remarkably elevated expression of amphiregulin, angiogenin, endothelin-1, bFGF, EGF, IGF-1, VEGF and ERG. IL-25, but not Th-2-cytokines induced human angiogenesis in vitro. Conclusions The data suggest that chronic exposure of murine airways to IL-25 alone is able to reproduce a local angiogenic milieu. Thus, blocking IL-25 may attenuate vascular remodelling and improve outcomes in asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University & Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University & Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhe Lv
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunqing An
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianguo Qin
- Dongfang Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chris J Corrigan
- King's College London, MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, London, UK.
| | - Kewu Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University & Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongchang Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sun Ying
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,King's College London, MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, London, UK.
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27
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Xu XF, Hu QY, Liang LF, Wu L, Gu WZ, Tang LL, Fu LC, Du LZ. Epigenetics of hyper-responsiveness to allergen challenge following intrauterine growth retardation rat. Respir Res 2014; 15:137. [PMID: 25391516 PMCID: PMC4233040 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-014-0137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have revealed that intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) or low birth weight is linked to the later development of asthma. Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms play an important role in the fetal origins of adult disease. However, little is known regarding the correlation between epigenetic regulation and the development of asthma following IUGR. Methods An IUGR and ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitization/challenge rat model was used to study whether epigenetic mechanisms play a role in the development of asthma following IUGR. Results Maternal nutrient restriction increased histone acetylation levels of the endothelin-1 (ET-1) gene promoter in lung tissue of offspring, but did not cause significant alterations of DNA methylation. The effect was maintained until 10 weeks after birth. Furthermore, these epigenetic changes may have induced IUGR individuals to be highly sensitive to OVA challenge later in life, resulting in more significant changes related to asthma. Conclusions These findings suggest that epigenetic mechanisms might be closely associated with the development of asthma following IUGR, providing further insight for improved prevention of asthma induced by environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiong-Yao Hu
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling-Fang Liang
- Department of Pediatric ICU, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Zhong Gu
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Li Tang
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin-Chen Fu
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Zhong Du
- Department of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China.
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