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Müller L, Dabbiru VAS, Schönborn L, Greinacher A. Therapeutic strategies in FcγIIA receptor-dependent thrombosis and thromboinflammation as seen in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT). Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:281-294. [PMID: 38465524 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2328241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fcγ-receptors (FcγR) are membrane receptors expressed on a variety of immune cells, specialized in recognition of the Fc part of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. FcγRIIA-dependent platelet activation in platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibody-related disorders have gained major attention, when these antibodies were identified as the cause of the adverse vaccination event termed vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT) during the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. With the recognition of anti-PF4 antibodies as cause for severe spontaneous and sometimes recurrent thromboses independent of vaccination, their clinical relevance extended far beyond heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and VITT. AREAS COVERED Patients developing these disorders show life-threatening thromboses, and the outcome is highly dependent on effective treatment. This narrative literature review summarizes treatment options for HIT and VITT that are currently available for clinical application and provides the perspective toward new developments. EXPERT OPINION Nearly all these novel approaches are based on in vitro, preclinical observations, or case reports with only limited implementation in clinical practice. The therapeutic potential of these approaches still needs to be proven in larger cohort studies to ensure treatment efficacy and long-term patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Müller
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Venkata A S Dabbiru
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Linda Schönborn
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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2
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Ahumada V, Zakzuk J, Aglas L, Coronado S, Briza P, Regino R, Ferreira F, Caraballo L. Comparison of Antibody Responses against Two Molecules from Ascaris lumbricoides: The Allergen Asc l 5 and the Immunomodulatory Protein Al-CPI. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1340. [PMID: 37887050 PMCID: PMC10604738 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Immunity to Ascaris lumbricoides influences the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Antibody responses to its proteins have been found to be associated with asthma presentation; however, helminth products that induce immunosuppression have been reported, which also raise specific antibodies. We aimed to evaluate antibody responses (IgE, IgG4 and IgG) to two A. lumbricoides molecules, Asc l 5 and Al-CPI (an anti-inflammatory Cysteine Protease Inhibitor), in an endemic population, exploring their relationships with the infection and asthma. The two molecules were produced as recombinant proteins in E. coli expression systems. Specific antibodies were detected by ELISA. Lower human IgE, but higher IgG4 and IgG antibody levels were observed for Al-CPI than for rAsc l 5. The IgE/IgG4 isotype ratio was significantly higher for Asc l 5 than for Al-CPI. In humans Al-CPI did not induce basophil activation as has been previously described for Asc l 5. In mice, Al-CPI induced fewer IgE responses, but more IgG2a antibody titers than rAsc l 5. Our results suggest that these molecules elicit different patterns of immune response to A. lumbricoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velky Ahumada
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias 130012, Colombia; (V.A.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (R.R.)
| | - Josefina Zakzuk
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias 130012, Colombia; (V.A.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (R.R.)
| | - Lorenz Aglas
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.A.); (P.B.); (F.F.)
| | - Sandra Coronado
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias 130012, Colombia; (V.A.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (R.R.)
| | - Peter Briza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.A.); (P.B.); (F.F.)
| | - Ronald Regino
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias 130012, Colombia; (V.A.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (R.R.)
| | - Fátima Ferreira
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.A.); (P.B.); (F.F.)
| | - Luis Caraballo
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias 130012, Colombia; (V.A.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (R.R.)
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3
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O'Sullivan JA, Youngblood BA, Schleimer RP, Bochner BS. Siglecs as potential targets of therapy in human mast cell- and/or eosinophil-associated diseases. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101799. [PMID: 37413923 PMCID: PMC10528103 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Siglecs (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) are a family of vertebrate glycan-binding cell-surface proteins. The majority mediate cellular inhibitory activity once engaged by specific ligands or ligand-mimicking molecules. As a result, Siglec engagement is now of interest as a strategy to therapeutically dampen unwanted cellular responses. When considering allergic inflammation, human eosinophils and mast cells express overlapping but distinct patterns of Siglecs. For example, Siglec-6 is selectively and prominently expressed on mast cells while Siglec-8 is highly specific for both eosinophils and mast cells. This review will focus on a subset of Siglecs and their various endogenous or synthetic sialoside ligands that regulate eosinophil and mast cell function and survival. It will also summarize how certain Siglecs have become the focus of novel therapies for allergic and other eosinophil- and mast cell-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A O'Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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4
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Roboubi A, Audousset C, Fréalle É, Brun AL, Laurent F, Vitte J, Mortuaire G, Lefevre G, Cadranel J, Chenivesse C. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: A multidisciplinary review. J Mycol Med 2023; 33:101392. [PMID: 37172543 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2023.101392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a rare disease characterized by a complex allergic inflammatory reaction of airways against Aspergillus affecting patients with chronic respiratory diseases (asthma, cystic fibrosis). Exacerbation is often the way to diagnose ABPA and marks its evolution by its recurrent character leading to cortico-requirement or long-term antifungal treatment. Early diagnosis allows treatment of ABPA at an initial stage, preventing recurrence of exacerbations and long-term complications, mainly represented by bronchiectasis. This review of the literature aims to present the current state of the art in terms of diagnosis and treatment of ABPA from a multidisciplinary perspective. As there is no clinical, biological nor radiological specific sign, diagnostic criteria are regularly revised. They are mainly based on the elevation of total and specific IgE against Aspergillus fumigatus and the presence of suggestive CT abnormalities such as mucoid impaction and consolidations. ABPA management includes eviction of mold and pharmacological therapy. Exacerbations are treated in first line with a moderate dose of oral corticosteroids. Azole antifungal agents represent an alternative for the treatment of exacerbations and are the preferential strategy to reduce the future risk of exacerbations and for corticosteroids sparing. Asthma biologics may be of interest; however, their place remains to be determined. Avoiding complications of ABPA while limiting the side effects of systemic drugs remains a major challenge of ABPA management. Several drugs, including new antifungals and asthma biologics, are currently being tested and may be useful in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camille Audousset
- CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Émilie Fréalle
- CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Univ. Lille, ULR 4515-LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Anne-Laure Brun
- Hôpital Foch, Service de radiologie diagnostique et interventionnelle, Suresnes, France
| | - François Laurent
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, CIC1401, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Joana Vitte
- Aix-Marseille Univ, MEPHI, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Desbrest Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health IDESP, Univ Montpellier, INSERM UA 11, Montpellier, France
| | - Geoffrey Mortuaire
- CHU de Lille, Service d'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, Lille 59000, France; Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU de Lille, U1286, INFINITE-Institute for translational research in inflammation, Lille 59000, France
| | - Guillaume Lefevre
- Univ Lille, U1286 INFINITE - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jacques Cadranel
- Sorbonne Université, APHP-Hopital Tenon, GRC04 Theranoscan Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Chenivesse
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France; CRISALIS (Clinical Research Initiative in Severe Asthma: a Lever for Innovation & Science), F-CRIN Network, INSERM US015, Toulouse, France.
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5
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Riechert V, Hein S, Visser M, Zimmermann M, Wesche J, Adams PA, Theuerkauf SA, Jamali A, Wangorsch A, Reuter A, Pasternak AO, Hartmann J, Greinacher A, Herrera-Carrillo E, Berkhout B, Cichutek K, Buchholz CJ. FcγRIIA-specific DARPins as novel tools in blood cell analysis and platelet aggregation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104743. [PMID: 37100283 PMCID: PMC10209026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fc receptors are involved in a variety of physiologically and disease-relevant responses. Among them, FcγRIIA (CD32a) is known for its activating functions in pathogen recognition and platelet biology, and, as potential marker of T lymphocytes latently infected with HIV-1. The latter has not been without controversy due to technical challenges complicated by T-B cell conjugates and trogocytosis as well as a lack of antibodies distinguishing between the closely related isoforms of FcγRII. To generate high-affinity binders specific for FcγRIIA, libraries of designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) were screened for binding to its extracellular domains by ribosomal display. Counterselection against FcγRIIB eliminated binders cross-reacting with both isoforms. The identified DARPins bound FcγRIIA with no detectable binding for FcγRIIB. Their affinities for FcγRIIA were in the low nanomolar range and could be enhanced by cleavage of the His-tag and dimerization. Interestingly, complex formation between DARPin and FcγRIIA followed a two-state reaction model, and discrimination from FcγRIIB was based on a single amino acid residue. In flow cytometry, DARPin F11 detected FcγRIIA+ cells even when they made up less than 1% of the cell population. Image stream analysis of primary human blood cells confirmed that F11 caused dim but reliable cell surface staining of a small subpopulation of T lymphocytes. When incubated with platelets, F11 inhibited their aggregation equally efficient as antibodies unable to discriminate between both FcγRII isoforms. The selected DARPins are unique novel tools for platelet aggregation studies as well as the role of FcγRIIA for the latent HIV-1 reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Riechert
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Sascha Hein
- Division of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Mayken Visser
- Division of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Mathias Zimmermann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Wesche
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Philipp A Adams
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Samuel A Theuerkauf
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Arezoo Jamali
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Andrea Wangorsch
- Department of Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Andreas Reuter
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Alexander O Pasternak
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jessica Hartmann
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Andreas Greinacher
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elena Herrera-Carrillo
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ben Berkhout
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Klaus Cichutek
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Christian J Buchholz
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany.
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6
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Benito‐Villalvilla C, de la Rocha‐Muñoz A, López‐Abente J, Eggel A, Bottoli I, Severin T, Woisetschläger M, Palomares O. Ligelizumab impairs
IgE
‐binding to plasmacytoid dendritic cells more potently than omalizumab and restores
IFN
‐α production and
FOXP3
+
Treg generation. Allergy 2022; 78:1060-1072. [PMID: 36315052 DOI: 10.1111/all.15567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ligelizumab is an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody binding IgE with higher affinity than omalizumab that is under clinical investigation for several IgE-mediated diseases. We previously showed that omalizumab removes IgE bound to FcεRI on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and restores their ability to produce IFN-α and regulatory T cells (Tregs). The aim of this work is to investigate the capacity of ligelizumab to regulate functional properties of pDCs in comparison with omalizumab. METHODS pDCs were isolated from atopic donors and IgE was detached from FcεRI on pDCs with designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin) bi53-79. pDCs were resensitized with IgE alone or in the presence of ligelizumab or omalizumab prior to IgE-FcεRI crosslinking and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) stimulation. Flow cytometry, ELISA, coculture experiments and intranuclear staining were performed to determine cytokine production and Treg generation. An antigen-specific model of resensitization and IgE-crosslinking was also performed. RESULTS The levels of serum total free IgE show a non-linear positive correlation with the frequency of IgE+ pDCs displaying IgE bound to FcεRI within the 43 individual donors included in the study. Ligelizumab displays stronger capacity than omalizumab to block the binding of free IgE to FcεRI on human pDCs, resulting in a greater restoration of TLR9-L-induced IFN-α production. Ligelizumab also restores the ability of pDCs to generate FOXP3+ Tregs as previously reported for omalizumab. CONCLUSIONS The uncovered novel molecular mechanisms of ligelizumab to regulate functional properties of pDCs from atopic donors might have important clinical implications for anti-IgE treatments in different IgE-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrés de la Rocha‐Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Chemistry Complutense University Madrid Spain
- Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Jacobo López‐Abente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Chemistry Complutense University Madrid Spain
| | - Alexander Eggel
- Department of BioMedical Research University of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology University Hospital of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Chemistry Complutense University Madrid Spain
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7
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Zinkhan S, Thoms F, Augusto G, Vogel M, Bachmann MF. On the role of allergen-specific IgG subclasses for blocking human basophil activation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:892631. [PMID: 36275723 PMCID: PMC9582512 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.892631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful treatment of IgE mediated allergies by allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) usually correlates with the induction of allergen-specific IgG4. However, it is not clear whether IgG4 prevents the allergic reaction more efficiently than other IgG subclasses. Here we aimed to compare allergen-specific monoclonal IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies in their capacity to inhibit type I allergic reactions by engaging FcγRIIb. We found that IgG1, which is the dominant subclass induced by viruses, binds with a similar affinity to the FcγRIIb as IgG4 and is comparable at blocking human basophil activation from allergic patients; both by neutralizing the allergen as well as engaging the inhibitory receptor FcγRIIb. Hence, the IgG subclass plays a limited role for the protective efficacy of AIT even if IgG4 is considered the best correlate of protection, most likely simply because it is the dominant subclass induced by classical AITs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Zinkhan
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Gilles Augusto
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Monique Vogel
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin F. Bachmann
- Department of Immunology, University Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Martin F. Bachmann,
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8
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Burchett JR, Dailey JM, Kee SA, Pryor DT, Kotha A, Kankaria RA, Straus DB, Ryan JJ. Targeting Mast Cells in Allergic Disease: Current Therapies and Drug Repurposing. Cells 2022; 11:3031. [PMID: 36230993 PMCID: PMC9564111 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of allergic disease has grown tremendously in the past three generations. While current treatments are effective for some, there is considerable unmet need. Mast cells are critical effectors of allergic inflammation. Their secreted mediators and the receptors for these mediators have long been the target of allergy therapy. Recent drugs have moved a step earlier in mast cell activation, blocking IgE, IL-4, and IL-13 interactions with their receptors. In this review, we summarize the latest therapies targeting mast cells as well as new drugs in clinical trials. In addition, we offer support for repurposing FDA-approved drugs to target mast cells in new ways. With a multitude of highly selective drugs available for cancer, autoimmunity, and metabolic disorders, drug repurposing offers optimism for the future of allergy therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John J. Ryan
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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9
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Xie H, Chen L, Zhang H, Wang J, Zang Y, Zhan M, Gu F, Wang S, He S. Increased expressions of CD123, CD63, CD203c, and Fc epsilon receptor I on blood leukocytes of allergic asthma. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:907092. [PMID: 36032674 PMCID: PMC9403487 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.907092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Altered basophil identification markers have been discovered to associate with allergic asthma (AA) in recent years. However, little is known about the expression of basophil markers in blood granulocytes. Aim: To parallel test blood basophils in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and granulocyte populations of patients with AA and AA combined with allergic rhinitis (ARA) Methods: The expressions of surface molecules were determined via flow cytometry. CD123 expressing cells in blood were isolated using a cell sorting technique, and mouse AA models were employed for in vivo study. Results: The numbers of CD123+HLA-DR− cells in the granulocytes of AA and ARA patients markedly increased. However, only 49.7% of CD123+HLA-DR− cells in granulocytes and 99.0% of CD123+HLA-DR− cells in PBMCs were basophils. Almost all CD123+HLA-DR− cells expressed CD63 regardless in granulocytes or PBMC. The numbers of CD63, Fc epsilon receptor I (FcεRI), and CD203c expressing cells markedly enhanced in CD123+HLA-DR− granulocytes of AA and ARA patients. Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD63 and CD203c expressions on CD123+HLA-DR− PBMC and granulocytes of AA and ARA patients dramatically elevated. House dust mite extract (HDME) and Artemisia sieversiana wild allergen extract (ASWE) enhanced the numbers of CD63+CD123+HLA-DR− granulocytes and PBMC and the MFI of CD203c expression on CD123+HLA-DR− granulocyte of AA and ARA patients. Histamine, tryptase, and PGD2 enhanced proportions of CD123+ KU812 cells. ASWE- and HDME-induced AA mice showed upregulated CD63 expression on basophils. In conclusion, upregulated expressions of CD123, CD203c, CD63, and FcεRIα in PBMC and granulocytes of patients with AA and ARA suggest that CD123+HLA-DR− cells may contribute to the development of AA and ARA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xie
- The PLA Center of Respiratory and Allergic Disease Diagnosing Management, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Translational Medicine Institute, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Senyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Huiyun Zhang
- Translational Medicine Institute, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zang
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhan
- Translational Medicine Institute, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangqiu Gu
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Shunlan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Shaoheng He
- The PLA Center of Respiratory and Allergic Disease Diagnosing Management, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shaoheng He,
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10
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Islam M, Arlian BM, Pfrengle F, Duan S, Smith SA, Paulson JC. Suppressing Immune Responses Using Siglec Ligand-Decorated Anti-receptor Antibodies. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9302-9311. [PMID: 35593593 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) are expressed predominantly on white blood cells and participate in immune cell recognition of self. Most Siglecs contain cytoplasmic inhibitory immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs characteristic of inhibitory checkpoint co-receptors that suppress cell signaling when they are recruited to the immunological synapse of an activating receptor. Antibodies to activatory receptors typically activate immune cells by ligating the receptors on the cell surface. Here, we report that the conjugation of high affinity ligands of Siglecs to antibodies targeting activatory immune receptors can suppress receptor-mediated activation of immune cells. Indeed, B-cell activation by antibodies to the B-cell receptor IgD is dramatically suppressed by conjugation of anti-IgD with high affinity ligands of a B-cell Siglec CD22/Siglec-2. Similarly, degranulation of mast cells induced by antibodies to IgE, which ligate the IgE/FcεR1 receptor complex, is suppressed by conjugation of anti-IgE to high affinity ligands of a mast cell Siglec, CD33/Siglec-3 (CD33L). Moreover, the anti-IgE-CD33L suppresses anti-IgE-mediated systemic anaphylaxis of sensitized humanized mice and prevents anaphylaxis upon subsequent challenge with anti-IgE. The results demonstrate that attachment of ligands of inhibitory Siglecs to anti-receptor antibodies can suppress the activation of immune cells and modulate unwanted immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maidul Islam
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Britni M Arlian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Fabian Pfrengle
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Shiteng Duan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Scott A Smith
- Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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11
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Arthur GK, Cruse G. Regulation of Trafficking and Signaling of the High Affinity IgE Receptor by FcεRIβ and the Potential Impact of FcεRIβ Splicing in Allergic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020788. [PMID: 35054974 PMCID: PMC8776166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident immune cells that function in both innate and adaptive immunity through the release of both preformed granule-stored mediators, and newly generated proinflammatory mediators that contribute to the generation of both the early and late phases of the allergic inflammatory response. Although mast cells can be activated by a vast array of mediators to contribute to homeostasis and pathophysiology in diverse settings and contexts, in this review, we will focus on the canonical setting of IgE-mediated activation and allergic inflammation. IgE-dependent activation of mast cells occurs through the high affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI, which is a multimeric receptor complex that, once crosslinked by antigen, triggers a cascade of signaling to generate a robust response in mast cells. Here, we discuss FcεRI structure and function, and describe established and emerging roles of the β subunit of FcεRI (FcεRIβ) in regulating mast cell function and FcεRI trafficking and signaling. We discuss current approaches to target IgE and FcεRI signaling and emerging approaches that could target FcεRIβ specifically. We examine how alternative splicing of FcεRIβ alters protein function and how manipulation of splicing could be employed as a therapeutic approach. Targeting FcεRI directly and/or IgE binding to FcεRI are promising approaches to therapeutics for allergic inflammation. The characteristic role of FcεRIβ in both trafficking and signaling of the FcεRI receptor complex, the specificity to IgE-mediated activation pathways, and the preferential expression in mast cells and basophils, makes FcεRIβ an excellent, but challenging, candidate for therapeutic strategies in allergy and asthma, if targeting can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greer K. Arthur
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;
| | - Glenn Cruse
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-919-515-8865
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12
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Agache I, Akdis CA, Akdis M, Brockow K, Chivato T, Giacco S, Eiwegger T, Eyerich K, Giménez‐Arnau A, Gutermuth J, Guttman‐Yassky E, Maurer M, Ogg G, Ong PY, O’Mahony L, Schwarze J, Warner A, Werfel T, Palomares O, Jutel M. EAACI Biologicals Guidelines-Omalizumab for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria in adults and in the paediatric population 12-17 years old. Allergy 2022; 77:17-38. [PMID: 34324716 DOI: 10.1111/all.15030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) imposes a significant burden on patients, families and healthcare systems. Management is difficult, due to disease heterogeneity and insufficient efficacy of classical drugs such as H1 R-antihistamines. Better understanding of the mechanisms has enabled a stratified approach to the management of CSU, supporting the use of targeted treatment with omalizumab. However, many practical issues including selection of responders, the definition of response, strategies to enhance the responder rate, the duration of treatment and its regimen (in the clinic or home-based) and its cost-effectiveness still require further clarification. The EAACI Guidelines on the use of omalizumab in CSU follow the GRADE approach in formulating recommendations for each outcome. In addition, future therapeutic approaches and perspectives as well as research priorities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine Transylvania University Brasov Romania
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine‐Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE Davos Switzerland
| | - Mubeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Knut Brockow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology Biederstein School of Medicine Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Tomas Chivato
- School of Medicine University CEU San Pablo Madrid Spain
| | - Stefano Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy
| | - Thomas Eiwegger
- Translational Medicine Program, Research InstituteHospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Immunology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences Krems Austria
- Department of Paediatrics University Hospital St. Pölten Pölten Austria
| | - Kilian Eyerich
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Ana Giménez‐Arnau
- Department of Dermatology Hospital del Mar‐ Institut Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Jan Gutermuth
- Department of Dermatology Universitair Ziekenhuis BrusselVrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB Brussels Belgium
| | - Emma Guttman‐Yassky
- Department of DermatologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Dermatological Allergology Allergie‐Centrum‐Charité Department of Dermatology and Allergy Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Graham Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Peck Y. Ong
- Division of Clinical Immunology & Allergy Children’s Hospital Los Angeles Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Liam O’Mahony
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology APC Microbiome Ireland University College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - Jürgen Schwarze
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Child Life and Health The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | | | - Thomas Werfel
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research Department of Dermatology and Allergy Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Chemistry School Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology Wrocław Medical University Wroclaw Poland
- All‐MED Medical Research Institute Wroclaw Poland
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13
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Bispecific T-Cell Engagers Targeting Membrane-Bound IgE. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111568. [PMID: 34829798 PMCID: PMC8615095 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased incidence of allergies and asthma has sparked interest in IgE, the central player in the allergic response. Interaction with its high-affinity receptor FcεRI leads to sensitization and allergen presentation, extracellular membrane-proximal domain in membrane IgE can act as an antigen receptor on B cells, and the interaction with low-affinity IgE receptor CD23 additionally influences its homeostatic range. Therapeutic anti-IgE antibodies act by the inhibition of IgE functions by interfering with its receptor binding or by the obliteration of IgE-B cells, causing a reduction of serum IgE levels. Fusion proteins of antibody fragments that can act as bispecific T-cell engagers have proven very potent in eliciting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-mediated killing. We have tested five anti-IgE Fc antibodies, recognizing different epitopes on the membrane-expressed IgE, for the ability to elicit specific T-cell activation when expressed as single-chain Fv fragments fused with anti-CD3ε single-chain antibody. All candidates could specifically stain the cell line, expressing the membrane-bound IgE-Fc and bind to CD3-positive Jurkat cells, and the specific activation of engineered CD3-overexpressing Jurkat cells and non-stimulated CD8-positive cells was demonstrated for 8D6- and ligelizumab-based bispecific antibodies. Thus, such anti-IgE antibodies have the potential to be developed into agents that reduce the serum IgE concentration by lowering the numbers of IgE-secreting cells.
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14
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Lewington-Gower E, Chan L, Shah A. Review of current and future therapeutics in ABPA. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2021; 12:20406223211047003. [PMID: 34729149 PMCID: PMC8543630 DOI: 10.1177/20406223211047003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is an allergic pulmonary condition caused by hypersensitivity to antigens of Aspergillus sp. found most commonly in patients with underlying asthma or cystic fibrosis. Host factors which alter the innate and adaptive immune responses to this abundant airborne fungus contribute to the development of chronic airway inflammation, bronchiectasis, and fibrosis. Traditionally, treatment has focussed on reducing fungal burden and immune response to fungal antigens. However, a significant proportion of patients continue to suffer recurrent exacerbations with progressive lung damage, and the side effect burden of existing treatments is high. New treatments including novel antifungal agents, monoclonal antibodies against aspects of the adaptive immune response as well as targeted immunotherapies may be better tolerated and achieve improved outcomes but have not yet been studied in large-scale randomised control trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Lewington-Gower
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ley Chan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anand Shah
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6NP, UK
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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15
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Pennington LF, Gasser P, Brigger D, Guntern P, Eggel A, Jardetzky TS. Structure-guided design of ultrapotent disruptive IgE inhibitors to rapidly terminate acute allergic reactions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:1049-1060. [PMID: 33991582 PMCID: PMC8502201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaphylaxis represents one of the most severe and fatal forms of allergic reactions. Like most other allergies, it is caused by activation of basophils and mast cells by allergen-mediated cross-linking of IgE bound to its high-affinity receptor, FcεRI, on the cell surface. The systemic release of soluble mediators induces an inflammatory cascade, rapidly causing symptoms with peak severity in minutes to hours after allergen exposure. Primary treatment for anaphylaxis consists of immediate intramuscular administration of adrenaline. OBJECTIVE While adrenaline alleviates life-threatening symptoms of an anaphylactic reaction, there are currently no disease-modifying interventions available. We sought to develop potent and fast-acting IgE inhibitors with the potential to rapidly terminate acute allergic reactions. METHODS Using affinity maturation by yeast display and structure-guided molecular engineering, we generated 3 optimized disruptive IgE inhibitors based on designed ankyrin repeat proteins and assessed their ability to actively remove IgE from allergic effector cells in vitro as well as in vivo in mice. RESULTS The engineered IgE inhibitors rapidly dissociate preformed IgE:FcεRI complexes, terminate IgE-mediated signaling in preactivated human blood basophils in vitro, and shut down preinitiated allergic reactions and anaphylaxis in mice in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Fast-acting disruptive IgE inhibitors demonstrate the feasibility of developing kinetically optimized inhibitors for the treatment of anaphylaxis and the rapid desensitization of allergic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke F Pennington
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy Research at Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Pascal Gasser
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Brigger
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Guntern
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Eggel
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Theodore S Jardetzky
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy Research at Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.
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16
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Tontini C, Bulfone-Paus S. Novel Approaches in the Inhibition of IgE-Induced Mast Cell Reactivity in Food Allergy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:613461. [PMID: 34456900 PMCID: PMC8387944 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.613461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergy is an IgE-dependent type-I hypersensitivity reaction that can lead to life-threatening systemic symptoms such as anaphylaxis. In the pathogenesis of the allergic response, the common upstream event is the binding of allergens to specific IgE, inducing cross-linking of the high-affinity FcεRI on mast cells, triggering cellular degranulation and the release of histamine, proteases, lipids mediators, cytokines and chemokines with inflammatory activity. A number of novel therapeutic options to curb mast cell activation are in the pipeline for the treatment of severe allergies. In addition to anti-IgE therapy and allergen-specific immunotherapy, monoclonal antibodies targeted against several key Th2/alarmin cytokines (i.e. IL-4Rα, IL-33, TSLP), active modification of allergen-specific IgE (i.e. inhibitory compounds, monoclonal antibodies, de-sialylation), engagement of inhibitory receptors on mast cells and allergen-specific adjuvant vaccines, are new promising options to inhibit the uncontrolled release of mast cell mediators upon allergen exposure. In this review, we critically discuss the novel approaches targeting mast cells limiting allergic responses and the immunological mechanisms involved, with special interest on food allergy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tontini
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Bulfone-Paus
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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17
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Rajani HF, Shahidi S, Gomari MM. Protein and Antibody Engineering: Suppressing Degranulation of the Mast Cells and Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 21:831-841. [PMID: 32392111 DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666200511094717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
With an increase in atopic cases and owing to a significant role of mast cells in type I hypersensitivity, a therapeutic need to inhibit degranulation of mast cells has risen. Mast cells are notorious for IgE-mediated allergic response. Advancements have allowed researchers to improve clinical outcomes of already available therapies. Engineered peptides and antibodies can be easily manipulated to attain desired characteristics as per the biological environment. A number of these molecules are designed to target mast cells in order to regulate the release of histamine and other mediators, thereby controlling type I hypersensitivity response. The aim of this review paper is to highlight some of the significant molecules designed for the purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda Fatima Rajani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Shahidi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahmoudi Gomari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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A monoclonal antibody to Siglec-8 suppresses non-allergic airway inflammation and inhibits IgE-independent mast cell activation. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:366-376. [PMID: 32814824 PMCID: PMC7946634 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00336-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In addition to their well characterized role in mediating IgE-dependent allergic diseases, aberrant accumulation and activation of mast cells (MCs) is associated with many non-allergic inflammatory diseases, whereby their activation is likely triggered by non-IgE stimuli (e.g., IL-33). Siglec-8 is an inhibitory receptor expressed on MCs and eosinophils that has been shown to inhibit IgE-mediated MC responses and reduce allergic inflammation upon ligation with a monoclonal antibody (mAb). Herein, we evaluated the effects of an anti-Siglec-8 mAb (anti-S8) in non-allergic disease models of experimental cigarette-smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bleomycin-induced lung injury in Siglec-8 transgenic mice. Therapeutic treatment with anti-S8 inhibited MC activation and reduced recruitment of immune cells, airway inflammation, and lung fibrosis. Similarly, using a model of MC-dependent, IL-33-induced inflammation, anti-S8 treatment suppressed neutrophil influx, and cytokine production through MC inhibition. Transcriptomic profiling of MCs further demonstrated anti-S8-mediated downregulation of MC signaling pathways induced by IL-33, including TNF signaling via NF-κB. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that ligating Siglec-8 with an antibody reduces non-allergic inflammation and inhibits IgE-independent MC activation, supporting the evaluation of an anti-Siglec-8 mAb as a therapeutic approach in both allergic and non-allergic inflammatory diseases in which MCs play a role.
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19
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Zhang YF, Shu ZD, Liu QM, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Liu H, Cao MJ, Yang XW, Gu W, Liu GM. Nevadensin relieves food allergic responses and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice through inhibiting the expression of c-Kit receptors. Food Funct 2020; 11:10375-10385. [PMID: 33226057 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02398a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Nevadensin (NEV), a natural flavonoid compound derived from Lysionotus pauciflorus Maxim, has numerous biological activities. However, few researchers have examined its potential impact on alleviating allergies. In the present study, NEV was found to upregulate rectal temperature, suppress the development of diarrhea, and decrease the levels of serum specific immunoglobulin E, histamine and mouse MC protease-1 in ovalbumin-allergic mice. Moreover, NEV also alleviated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reactions and inhibited the release of β-hexosaminidase and histamine in bone marrow-derived mast cells. Furthermore, we provide the first demonstration that NEV decreases the expression of c-Kit and suppresses the proliferation of bone marrow-derived mast cells and accelerates their apoptosis. These findings indicated that L. pauciflorus-derived NEV might have the potential to alleviate food hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fen Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University, 43 Yindou Road, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, P.R. China.
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20
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21
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Abstract
Bispecific therapeutics target two distinct antigens simultaneously and provide novel functionalities that are not attainable with single monospecific molecules or combinations of them. The unique potential of bispecific therapeutics is driving extensive efforts to discover synergistic dual targets, design molecular formats to integrate bispecific elements, and accelerate successful clinical translation. In particular, the past decade has witnessed a boom in the design and development of bispecific antibody formats with more than 100 collections to date. Despite the remarkable progress that has been made to expand the number of formats, qualitative fine-tuning of bispecific formats is needed to achieve optimal dual-target engagement based on understanding of the spatiotemporal interdependence of the two physically linked binding specificities and the complex target biology associated with bispecific approaches. This review provides insights into the design parameters - including affinity, valency, and geometry - that need to be considered at an early stage of development in order to take the best advantage of bispecific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung In Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Yongso-ro 45, Nam-gu, Busan, South Korea.
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22
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Storni F, Zeltins A, Balke I, Heath MD, Kramer MF, Skinner MA, Zha L, Roesti E, Engeroff P, Muri L, von Werdt D, Gruber T, Cragg M, Mlynarczyk M, Kündig TM, Vogel M, Bachmann MF. Vaccine against peanut allergy based on engineered virus-like particles displaying single major peanut allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:1240-1253.e3. [PMID: 31866435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut allergy is a severe and increasingly frequent disease with high medical, psychosocial, and economic burden for affected patients and wider society. A causal, safe, and effective therapy is not yet available. OBJECTIVE We sought to develop an immunogenic, protective, and nonreactogenic vaccine candidate against peanut allergy based on virus-like particles (VLPs) coupled to single peanut allergens. METHODS To generate vaccine candidates, extracts of roasted peanut (Ara R) or the single allergens Ara h 1 or Ara h 2 were coupled to immunologically optimized Cucumber Mosaic Virus-derived VLPs (CuMVtt). BALB/c mice were sensitized intraperitoneally with peanut extract absorbed to alum. Immunotherapy consisted of a single subcutaneous injection of CuMVtt coupled to Ara R, Ara h 1, or Ara h 2. RESULTS The vaccines CuMVtt-Ara R, CuMVtt-Ara h 1, and CuMVtt-Ara h 2 protected peanut-sensitized mice against anaphylaxis after intravenous challenge with the whole peanut extract. Vaccines did not cause allergic reactions in sensitized mice. CuMVtt-Ara h 1 was able to induce specific IgG antibodies, diminished local reactions after skin prick tests, and reduced the infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract by eosinophils and mast cells after oral challenge with peanut. The ability of CuMVtt-Ara h 1 to protect against challenge with the whole extract was mediated by IgG, as shown via passive IgG transfer. FcγRIIb was required for protection, indicating that immune complexes with single allergens were able to block the allergic response against the whole extract, consisting of a complex allergen mixture. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that vaccination using single peanut allergens displayed on CuMVtt may represent a novel therapy against peanut allergy with a favorable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Storni
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Andris Zeltins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ina Balke
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | | | | | | | - Lisha Zha
- International Immunology Center of Anhui Agricultural Center, Anhui, China
| | - Elisa Roesti
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paul Engeroff
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Muri
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Diego von Werdt
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Gruber
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mark Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thomas M Kündig
- Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monique Vogel
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin F Bachmann
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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23
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Storni F, Cabral-Miranda G, Roesti E, Zha L, Engeroff P, Zeltins A, Cragg M, Vogel M, Bachmann MF. A Single Monoclonal Antibody against the Peanut Allergen Ara h 2 Protects against Systemic and Local Peanut Allergy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2020; 181:334-341. [PMID: 32155619 PMCID: PMC7265771 DOI: 10.1159/000505917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut allergy is the most prevalent and dangerous food allergy. Peanuts consist of a large number of different allergens and peanut-allergic patients are frequently sensitized to multiple allergens. Hence, conventional desensitization approaches aim at targeting as many allergens as possible. METHODS The monoclonal anti-Ara h 2 antibody (mAb) was produced by hybridoma cells derived from WT BALB/c mice after immunization with a vaccine based on virus-like particles coupled to Ara h 2. BALB/c mice were sensitized intraperitoneally with peanut extract absorbed to alum and mAbs were applied i.v. Challenge was performed the next day with the whole peanut extract intravenously and via skin prick test. RESULTS Here we show in peanut-allergic mice that a single high-affinity mAb specific for Ara h 2 is able to block systemic and local allergic reactions induced by the complex peanut extract. We confirm in vitro binding of the mAb to the inhibitory low-affinity FcγRIIb receptor using a sensitive biosensor and demonstrate in vivo that protection was dependent on FcγRIIb. CONCLUSION A single mAb specific for Ara h 2 is able to improve local and systemic allergic symptoms induced by the whole allergen mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Storni
- Immunology, RIA, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,
| | - Gustavo Cabral-Miranda
- Immunology, RIA, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Roesti
- Immunology, RIA, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lisha Zha
- International Immunology Center of Anhui Agricultural Center, Anhui, China
| | - Paul Engeroff
- Immunology, RIA, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andris Zeltins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre (BRSC), Riga, Latvia
| | - Mark Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Monique Vogel
- Immunology, RIA, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin F Bachmann
- Immunology, RIA, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Physiology (CCMP), The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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The mechanistic and functional profile of the therapeutic anti-IgE antibody ligelizumab differs from omalizumab. Nat Commun 2020; 11:165. [PMID: 31913280 PMCID: PMC6949303 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13815-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting of immunoglobulin E (IgE) represents an interesting approach for the treatment of allergic disorders. A high-affinity monoclonal anti-IgE antibody, ligelizumab, has recently been developed to overcome some of the limitations associated with the clinical use of the therapeutic anti-IgE antibody, omalizumab. Here, we determine the molecular binding profile and functional modes-of-action of ligelizumab. We solve the crystal structure of ligelizumab bound to IgE, and report epitope differences between ligelizumab and omalizumab that contribute to their qualitatively distinct IgE-receptor inhibition profiles. While ligelizumab shows superior inhibition of IgE binding to FcεRI, basophil activation, IgE production by B cells and passive systemic anaphylaxis in an in vivo mouse model, ligelizumab is less potent in inhibiting IgE:CD23 interactions than omalizumab. Our data thus provide a structural and mechanistic foundation for understanding the efficient suppression of FcεRI-dependent allergic reactions by ligelizumab in vitro as well as in vivo. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays a central role in allergic responses, yet therapeutic targeting of IgE with antibodies such as omalizumab is met with various limitations. Here the authors characterize the molecular properties and crystal structure of a new anti-IgE antibody, ligelizumab, for mechanistic insights related to its enhanced suppression activity.
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25
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Eiwegger T, Hung L, San Diego KE, O'Mahony L, Upton J. Recent developments and highlights in food allergy. Allergy 2019; 74:2355-2367. [PMID: 31593325 DOI: 10.1111/all.14082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The achievement of long-lasting, safe treatments for food allergy is dependent on the understanding of the immunological basis of food allergy. Accurate diagnosis is essential for management. In recent years, data from oral food challenges have revealed that routine allergy testing is poor at predicting clinical allergy for tree nuts, almonds in particular. More advanced antigen-based tests including component-resolved diagnostics and epitope reactivity may lead to more accurate diagnosis and selection of therapeutic intervention. Additional diagnostic accuracy may come from cellular tests such as the basophil activation test or mast cell approaches. In the context of clinical trials, cellular tests have revealed specific T-cell and B-cell populations that are more abundant in food-allergic individuals with distinct mechanistic features. Awareness of clinical markers, such as the ability to eat baked forms of milk and egg, continues to inform the understanding of natural tolerance development. Mouse models have allowed for investigation into multiple mechanisms of food allergy including modification of epithelial metabolism, and the induction of regulatory cell subsets and the microbiome. Increasing numbers of children who underwent food immunotherapy enlarged the body of evidence on mechanisms and predictors of treatment success. Experimental immunological markers in conjunction with clinical determinants such as lower age and lower initial specific IgE appear to be of benefit. More research on the optimal dose, preparation, and route of application integrating a high-level safety and efficacy is demanded. Alternatively, biologics blocking TSLP, IL-33, IL-4 and IL-13, or IgE may help to achieve that.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eiwegger
- Translational Medicine Program Research Institute Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Immunology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program Departments of Paediatrics The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Lisa Hung
- Translational Medicine Program Research Institute Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Immunology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | | | - Liam O'Mahony
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology APC Microbiome Ireland National University of Ireland Cork Ireland
| | - Julia Upton
- Translational Medicine Program Research Institute Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program Departments of Paediatrics The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
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Breiteneder H, Diamant Z, Eiwegger T, Fokkens WJ, Traidl‐Hoffmann C, Nadeau K, O’Hehir RE, O’Mahony L, Pfaar O, Torres MJ, Wang DY, Zhang L, Akdis CA. Future research trends in understanding the mechanisms underlying allergic diseases for improved patient care. Allergy 2019; 74:2293-2311. [PMID: 31056763 PMCID: PMC6973012 DOI: 10.1111/all.13851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The specialties of allergy and clinical immunology have entered the era of precision medicine with the stratification of diseases into distinct disease subsets, specific diagnoses, and targeted treatment options, including biologicals and small molecules. This article reviews recent developments in research and patient care and future trends in the discipline. The section on basic mechanisms of allergic diseases summarizes the current status and defines research needs in structural biology, type 2 inflammation, immune tolerance, neuroimmune mechanisms, role of the microbiome and diet, environmental factors, and respiratory viral infections. In the section on diagnostic challenges, clinical trials, precision medicine and immune monitoring of allergic diseases, asthma, allergic and nonallergic rhinitis, and new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of drug hypersensitivity reactions are discussed in further detail. In the third section, unmet needs and future research areas for the treatment of allergic diseases are highlighted with topics on food allergy, biologics, small molecules, and novel therapeutic concepts in allergen‐specific immunotherapy for airway disease. Unknowns and future research needs are discussed at the end of each subsection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heimo Breiteneder
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Institute for Clinical Science, Skane University Hospital Lund University Lund Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Thomayer Hospital Prague Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Eiwegger
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program The Department of Pediatrics The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
- Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Translational Medicine Program Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Immunology The University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Wytske J. Fokkens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Location AMC Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Traidl‐Hoffmann
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine UNIKA‐T, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München Augsburg Germany
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research Stanford University Stanford California
| | - Robyn E. O’Hehir
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology Service Alfred Health Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Liam O’Mahony
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland National University of Ireland Cork Ireland
| | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy University Hospital Marburg, Philipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Maria J. Torres
- Allergy Unit Regional University Hospital of MalagaIBIMA‐UMA‐ARADyAL Malaga Spain
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and Department of Allergy Beijing Tongren Hospital Beijing China
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University Zurich Davos Switzerland
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27
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Gebauer M, Skerra A. Engineering of binding functions into proteins. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 60:230-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhang K, Elias M, Zhang H, Liu J, Kepley C, Bai Y, Metcalfe DD, Schiller Z, Wang Y, Saxon A. Inhibition of Allergic Reactivity through Targeting FcεRI-Bound IgE with Humanized Low-Affinity Antibodies. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2777-2790. [PMID: 31636239 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Options for effective prevention and treatment of epidemic allergic diseases remain limited, and particularly so for IgE-mediated food allergies. We previously found that mouse low-affinity anti-human IgE mAbs with KD in the 10-6-10-8 M range were capable of blocking allergic reactivity without triggering immediate allergic mediator release. In this study, we humanized three parent low affinity allergic response inhibitor (LARI) mouse anti-human IgE mAbs and characterized their biological and immunological features, refined the lead candidate for further clinical development, examined their safety profiles, determined their therapeutic efficiency, and explored the mechanism of action potentially responsible for their therapeutic effects. LARI profoundly blocked cat- and peanut-allergic IgE-mediated basophil activation, inhibited acute release of both prestored and newly synthesized mediator from human mast cells, suppressed peanut-specific IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, and attenuated dansyl IgE-mediated systemic anaphylaxis in human FcεRIα transgenic mice. Safety testing demonstrated that concentrations of LARI well above therapeutic levels failed to trigger immediate release of prestored and newly synthesized allergic mediators, failed to promote robust cytokine/chemokine production from allergic effector cells, and did not elicit allergic reactivity in an animal model of cutaneous and systemic anaphylaxis. Mechanistic studies revealed that LARI downregulated surface FcεRI receptors and IgE via internalization of the IgE/FcεRI, promoted a partial mediator depletion pathway leading to slow release of small amount of mediators, and functioned as a partial antagonist to inhibit FcεRI signaling phosphorylation of Syk, Akt, Erk, and p38 MAPK. These studies demonstrate that targeting surface-bound IgE with LARI profoundly suppresses human allergic reactivity while displaying an excellent safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Elias
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401
| | | | | | - Christopher Kepley
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401
| | - Yun Bai
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Dean D Metcalfe
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Zachary Schiller
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA 02126
| | - Yang Wang
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA 02126
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29
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Shilovskiy IP, Dyneva ME, Kurbacheva OM, Kudlay DA, Khaitov MR. The Role of Interleukin-37 in the Pathogenesis of Allergic Diseases. Acta Naturae 2019; 11:54-64. [PMID: 31993235 PMCID: PMC6977961 DOI: 10.32607/20758251-2019-11-4-54-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family play an important role in the realization of the protective functions of innate immunity and are the key mediators involved in the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases, including various manifestations of allergy. The IL-1 family includes more than 11 members. However, the functions of many of them remain to be elucidated. Recently, new members of the IL-1 family have been discovered. In 2000, several independent research groups reported the discovery of a new interleukin of this family, which was named IL-37, or IL-1F7 (according to the new nomenclature). IL-37 was assigned to the IL-1 family based on its structural similarity with other members of this family. The study of its biological properties showed that its activity changes in inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, as well as allergic diseases (allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, and atopic dermatitis). However, unlike most members of the IL-1 family, IL-37 acts as a negative regulator of inflammation. Activation of IL-37 suppresses inflammation, resulting in the suppression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which in turn prevents infiltration of pro-inflammatory cells, mainly eosinophils and neutrophils. The exact molecular and cellular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effect of IL-37 in the development of allergic diseases (AD) have not been fully studied. This review summarizes and analyzes the accumulated experimental data on the role of IL-37 in the pathogenesis of AD, such as allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, and atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. P. Shilovskiy
- National Research Center – Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, 115522 Russia
| | - M. E. Dyneva
- National Research Center – Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, 115522 Russia
| | - O. M. Kurbacheva
- National Research Center – Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, 115522 Russia
| | - D. A. Kudlay
- National Research Center – Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, 115522 Russia
| | - M. R. Khaitov
- National Research Center – Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, 115522 Russia
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30
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Shilova ON, Deyev SM. DARPins: Promising Scaffolds for Theranostics. Acta Naturae 2019; 11:42-53. [PMID: 31993234 PMCID: PMC6977956 DOI: 10.32607/20758251-2019-11-4-42-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are the classical basis for targeted therapy, but the development of alternative binding proteins has made it possible to use non-immunoglobulin proteins as targeting modules. The advantages of DARPins, scaffold proteins based on ankyrin repeats, over antibodies are as follows: small size, stability over a wide range of temperatures and pH values, low aggregation tendency, and ease of production in heterologous expression systems. The differences in the structure of the paratope of DARPin and antibodies broaden the spectrum of target molecules, while the ease of creating hybrid fusion proteins allows one to obtain bispecific and multivalent constructs. In this article, we summarize recent data on the development of therapeutic and imaging compounds based on DARPins.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. N. Shilova
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
| | - S. M. Deyev
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
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31
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Tracing IgE-Producing Cells in Allergic Patients. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090994. [PMID: 31466324 PMCID: PMC6769703 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is the key immunoglobulin in the pathogenesis of IgE associated allergic diseases affecting 30% of the world population. Recent data suggest that allergen-specific IgE levels in serum of allergic patients are sustained by two different mechanisms: inducible IgE production through allergen exposure, and continuous IgE production occurring even in the absence of allergen stimulus that maintains IgE levels. This assumption is supported by two observations. First, allergen exposure induces transient increases of systemic IgE production. Second, reduction in IgE levels upon depletion of IgE from the blood of allergic patients using immunoapheresis is only temporary and IgE levels quickly return to pre-treatment levels even in the absence of allergen exposure. Though IgE production has been observed in the peripheral blood and locally in various human tissues (e.g., nose, lung, spleen, bone marrow), the origin and main sites of IgE production in humans remain unknown. Furthermore, IgE-producing cells in humans have yet to be fully characterized. Capturing IgE-producing cells is challenging not only because current staining technologies are inadequate, but also because the cells are rare, they are difficult to discriminate from cells bearing IgE bound to IgE-receptors, and plasma cells express little IgE on their surface. However, due to the central role in mediating both the early and late phases of allergy, free IgE, IgE-bearing effector cells and IgE-producing cells are important therapeutic targets. Here, we discuss current knowledge and unanswered questions regarding IgE production in allergic patients as well as possible therapeutic approaches targeting IgE.
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32
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Li X, Wang N, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Species Specificity on Interaction between IgE and FcεRI. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:690-695. [PMID: 31258078 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190619122325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases are one of the most prevalent diseases at present, it is imperative to understanding the pathophysiology and treatment strategies for allergic diseases. In this process, the binding of IgE and FcεRI on effector cells plays a critical role in triggering allergic reactions. However, the species specificity of the interaction between IgE and FcεRI has not been clearly explained. This review described the characteristics and the interaction mechanism in the allergic reaction of IgE and FcεRI and summarized the species specificity between IgE and FcεRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yanfen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China.,Offices of Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhongcheng Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
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33
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Mucosal IgE immune responses in respiratory diseases. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 46:100-107. [PMID: 31220711 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
IgE is the less abundant immunoglobulin isotype in serum and displays higher affinity for its cognate Fc receptor (FcεRI) than the rest of antibody isotypes. Moreover, the class switch recombination and the generation of memory responses remarkably differ between IgE and other isotypes. Importantly, class switch recombination to IgE can occur in the mucosae, preferentially through the sequential switching from IgG. Therefore, resident effector cells get rapidly sensitized, and free IgE can be found in mucosal secretions. All these aspects explain the involvement of IgE in respiratory diseases. In allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma, the IgE-sensitization to environmental allergens triggers an eosinophilic inflammation of the airway mucosa of atopic patients. In recent years, growing evidence indicates that some non-atopic patients with nasal reactivity to allergens display nasal eosinophilic inflammation, which could be triggered by the local production of allergen-specific IgE. This phenotype has been termed local allergic rhinitis. Mucosal IgE is also implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, even though the mechanisms for IgE synthesis might differ in this case. The role of IgE as mediator of airway diseases identify this marker as a therapeutic target. Some biologicals antagonize IgE-mediated inflammation of the airway mucosa, but they have not shown a beneficial long-term effect after discontinuation. In contrast, allergen immunotherapy does not only control the symptoms of airway allergy, but it also induces a long-lasting effect after discontinuation, thus modifying the natural course of the disease.
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Duan S, Koziol-White CJ, Jester WF, Smith SA, Nycholat CM, Macauley MS, Panettieri RA, Paulson JC. CD33 recruitment inhibits IgE-mediated anaphylaxis and desensitizes mast cells to allergen. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1387-1401. [PMID: 30645205 DOI: 10.1172/jci125456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy for patients with allergies begins with weekly escalating doses of allergen under medical supervision to monitor and treat IgE mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis. There is currently no treatment to safely desensitize mast cells to enable robust allergen immunotherapy with therapeutic levels of allergen. Here, we demonstrated that liposomal nanoparticles bearing an allergen and a high-affinity glycan ligand of the inhibitory receptor CD33 profoundly suppressed IgE-mediated activation of mast cells, prevented anaphylaxis in Tg mice with mast cells expressing human CD33, and desensitized mice to subsequent allergen challenge for several days. We showed that high levels of CD33 were consistently expressed on human skin mast cells and that the antigenic liposomes with CD33 ligand prevented IgE-mediated bronchoconstriction in slices of human lung. The results demonstrated the potential of exploiting CD33 to desensitize mast cells to provide a therapeutic window for administering allergen immunotherapy without triggering anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiteng Duan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Cynthia J Koziol-White
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, USA
| | - William F Jester
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Scott A Smith
- Department of Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Corwin M Nycholat
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, USA
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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35
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Gomez G. Current Strategies to Inhibit High Affinity FcεRI-Mediated Signaling for the Treatment of Allergic Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:175. [PMID: 30792720 PMCID: PMC6374298 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergies and asthma are a major cause of chronic disease whose prevalence has been on the rise. Allergic disease including seasonal rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, anaphylaxis, and asthma, are associated with activation of tissue-resident mast cells and circulating basophils. Although these cells can be activated in different ways, allergic reactions are normally associated with the crosslinking of the high affinity Fc receptor for Immunoglobulin E, FcεRI, with multivalent antigen. Inflammatory mediators released from cytoplasmic granules, or biosynthesized de novo, following FcεRI crosslinking induce immediate hypersensitivity reactions, including life-threatening anaphylaxis, and contribute to prolonged inflammation leading to chronic diseases like asthma. Thus, inappropriate or unregulated activation of mast cells and basophils through antigenic crosslinking of FcεRI can have deleterious, sometimes deadly, consequences. Accordingly, FcεRI has emerged as a viable target for the development of biologics that act to inhibit or attenuate the activation of mast cells and basophils. At the forefront of these strategies are (1) Anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, namely omalizumab, which has the secondary effect of reducing FcεRI surface expression, (2) Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins (DARPins), which take advantage of the most common structural motifs in nature involved in protein-protein interactions, to inhibit FcεRI-IgE interactions, and (3) Fusion proteins to co-aggregate FcεRI with the inhibitory FcγRIIb. This review presents the published research studies that support omalizumab, DARPins, and fusion proteins as, arguably, the three most currently viable strategies for inhibiting the expression and activation of the high affinity FcεRI on mast cells and basophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Gomez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
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36
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Hober S, Lindbo S, Nilvebrant J. Bispecific applications of non-immunoglobulin scaffold binders. Methods 2019; 154:143-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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37
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Li R, Kang G, Hu M, Huang H. Ribosome Display: A Potent Display Technology used for Selecting and Evolving Specific Binders with Desired Properties. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 61:60-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-018-0133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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38
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Zha L, Leoratti FMS, He L, Mohsen MO, Cragg M, Storni F, Vogel M, Bachmann MF. An unexpected protective role of low-affinity allergen-specific IgG through the inhibitory receptor FcγRIIb. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1529-1536.e6. [PMID: 29391255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induction of allergen-specific IgG antibodies is a critical parameter for successful allergen-specific immunotherapy. IgG antibodies can inhibit IgE-mediated mast cell activation through direct allergen neutralization or through the inhibitory receptor FcγRIIb. The affinity of IgE antibodies to the allergen has been shown to be critical for cellular activation. OBJECTIVE Here we addressed the question of affinity thresholds of allergen-specific IgG antibodies for inhibition of mast cell activation using 2 different mAbs against the major cat allergen Fel d 1 both in vitro and in vivo in mice. METHODS Sequences of the 2 high-affinity mAbs were back-mutated to germline, resulting in low-affinity (10-7 mol/L) antibodies of the exact same specificity. RESULTS Using these newly generated recombinant antibodies, we demonstrate that low-affinity antibodies are still able to inhibit mast cell activation through FcγRIIb but do not neutralize the allergen. CONCLUSION Antibody affinity dictates the mechanism of mast cell inhibition, and IgG antibodies triggering the inhibitory FcγRIIb pathway can show a broader cross-reactivity pattern than previously thought. This indicates that allergen-specific immunotherapy generates a larger protective umbrella of inhibitory IgG antibodies than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Zha
- Immunology, RIA, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Lichun He
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mona O Mohsen
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Storni
- Immunology, RIA, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Monique Vogel
- Immunology, RIA, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Martin F Bachmann
- Immunology, RIA, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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