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AbuJabal R, Ramakrishnan RK, Bajbouj K, Hamid Q. Role of IL-5 in asthma and airway remodelling. Clin Exp Allergy 2024. [PMID: 38938056 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Asthma is a common and burdensome chronic inflammatory airway disease that affects both children and adults. One of the main concerns with asthma is the manifestation of irreversible tissue remodelling of the airways due to the chronic inflammatory environment that eventually disrupts the whole structure of the airways. Most people with troublesome asthma are treated with inhaled corticosteroids. However, the development of steroid resistance is a commonly encountered issue, necessitating other treatment options for these patients. Biological therapies are a promising therapeutic approach for people with steroid-resistant asthma. Interleukin 5 is recently gaining a lot of attention as a biological target relevant to the tissue remodelling process. Since IL-5-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mepolizumab, reslizumab and benralizumab) are currently available for clinical use, this review aims to revisit the role of IL-5 in asthma pathogenesis at large and airway remodelling in particular, in addition to exploring its role as a target for biological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola AbuJabal
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rakhee K Ramakrishnan
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khuloud Bajbouj
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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2
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Gil-Martínez M, Rodrigo-Muñoz JM, Lorente-Sorolla C, de Castro ZG, Mínguez P, Cañas JA, Valverde-Monge M, Bernaola J, Pinillos-Robles EJ, Betancor D, Fernández-Nieto M, Sastre J, Rodríguez-Nieto MJ, Del Pozo V. Benralizumab reduces blood basophil percentage and activation in vitro without eliciting degranulation. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 38841822 DOI: 10.1111/all.16190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gil-Martínez
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Rodrigo-Muñoz
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Lorente-Sorolla
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Zahara García de Castro
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Mínguez
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Cañas
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela Valverde-Monge
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Bernaola
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Diana Betancor
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Fernández-Nieto
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Sastre
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodríguez-Nieto
- Pulmonology Unit, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario General de Villalba, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Del Pozo
- Immunoallergy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Yook HJ, Lee JH. Prurigo Nodularis: Pathogenesis and the Horizon of Potential Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5164. [PMID: 38791201 PMCID: PMC11121340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic pruritus that lasts for over 6 weeks can present in various forms, like papules, nodules, and plaque types, with prurigo nodularis (PN) being the most prevalent. The pathogenesis of PN involves the dysregulation of immune cell-neural circuits and is associated with peripheral neuropathies, possibly due to chronic scratching. PN is a persistent and challenging condition, involving complex interactions among the skin, immune system, and nervous system. Lesional skin in PN exhibits the infiltration of diverse immune cells like T cells, eosinophils, macrophages, and mast cells, leading to the release of inflammatory cytokines and itch-inducing substances. Activated sensory nerve fibers aggravate pruritus by releasing neurotransmitters, perpetuating a vicious cycle of itching and scratching. Traditional treatments often fail, but recent advancements in understanding the inflammatory and itch transmission mechanisms of PN have paved the way for innovative therapeutic approaches, which are explored in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, #222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Ridolo E, Barone A, Ottoni M, Peveri S, Montagni M, Nicoletta F. The New Therapeutic Frontiers in the Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Biological Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1702. [PMID: 38338983 PMCID: PMC10855546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a multifaceted disease characterized by a wide heterogeneity of clinical manifestations, endoscopic and histopathologic patterns, and responsiveness to therapy. From the perspective of an effective approach to the patient, the different inflammatory mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of EoE and biologics, in particular monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), targeting these pathways are needed. Currently, the most relevant is dupilumab, which interferes with both interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 pathways by binding IL-4 receptor α, and is the only mAb approved by the European Medicine Agency and US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of EoE. Other mAbs investigated include mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab (interfering with IL-5 axis), cendakimab and dectrekumab (anti-IL-13s), tezepelumab (anti-TSLP), lirentelimab (anti-SIGLEG-8), and many others. Despite the undeniable economic impact of biologic therapies, in the near future, there will be room for further reflection about the opportunity to prescribe biologic agents, not only as a last-line therapy in selected cases such as patients with comorbidities involving common pathways. Although recent findings are very encouraging, the road to permanent success in the treatment of EoE is still long, and further studies are needed to determine the long-term effects of mAbs and to discover new potential targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erminia Ridolo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Barone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Ottoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Peveri
- Departmental Unit of Allergology, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Marcello Montagni
- Departmental Unit of Allergology, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
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Zou F, Zhu C, Lou S, Cui Z, Wang D, Ou Y, Wang L, Chen J, Lan Y. A real-world pharmacovigilance study of mepolizumab in the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1320458. [PMID: 38186645 PMCID: PMC10771301 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1320458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mepolizumab is primarily used in the treatment of asthma, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, eosinophilia syndrome, and chronic rhinitis with nasal polyps. The information about its adverse drug reactions is mainly derived from clinical trials, and there is a shortage of real-world studies with extensive sample sizes. In this study, the U.S. FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database was analyzed to evaluate the side effects of mepolizumab. A total of 18,040 reports of mepolizumab-associated adverse events were identified from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database. Multiple disproportionality analysis algorithms were used to determine the significance of these AEs. The study identified 198 instances of mepolizumab-induced AEs, including some important AEs not mentioned in the product labeling. The time to onset of adverse reactions was also analyzed, with a median time of 109 days. Most AEs occurred within the first month of mepolizumab use, but some may still occur after 1 year of treatment. Gender-specific analysis showed different high-risk AEs for females (digestive and neurological side effects) and males (serious adverse effects leading to hospitalization and death). The findings mentioned provide valuable insights on optimizing the use of mepolizumab, enhancing its effectiveness, and minimizing potential side effects. This information will greatly contribute to the practical implementation of the drug in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Chengyu Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Siyu Lou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhiwei Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yingyong Ou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Junyou Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yuanbo Lan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Vultaggio A, Accinno M, Vivarelli E, Mecheri V, Maggiore G, Cosmi L, Parronchi P, Rossi O, Maggi E, Gallo O, Matucci A. Blood CD62L low inflammatory eosinophils are related to the severity of asthma and reduced by mepolizumab. Allergy 2023; 78:3154-3165. [PMID: 37792721 DOI: 10.1111/all.15909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophils have been divided into different subpopulations with distinct phenotypes based on CD62L expression. No data are available regarding the correlation between eosinophils subphenotypes and clinical severity of asthma, as well as the effect of anti-IL-5 therapy on these cells. The study investigates the correlation between blood CD62Llow inflammatory eosinophils (iEos) and clinical severity of severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) and evaluates the impact of mepolizumab on iEos. METHODS 112 patients were screened and were divided in two groups: biological-naive (n = 51) and biological-treated patients (n = 61). The Biological-naive patients were analyzed before treatment (Group A) and 19 out of 51 patients, were longitudinally analyzed before and after treatment with mepolizumab 100 mg s.c/4 weeks (Group B); 32 patients were excluded because they were being treated with other biological therapies. Blood eosinophils were analyzed by FACS and correlated with clinical scores. In vitro effect of IL-5 and mepolizumab on CD62L expression was assessed. RESULTS A significant correlation between blood CD62Llow cells and clinical scores of asthma and nasal polyps, as well as the number of asthma exacerbations in the last year was shown in untreated patients. In longitudinally studied patients we observed a marked reduction of CD62Llow cells paralleled by an increase in the proportion of CD62Lbright cells, associated with clinical improvement of asthma control. In vitro, CD62L expression on eosinophils is modulated by IL-5 and anti-IL-5. CONCLUSION A positive correlation between CD62Llow iEos and the baseline clinical features of SEA with CRSwNP was shown. Furthermore mepolizumab restores the healthy balance among eosinophils sub-phenotypes in SEA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Vultaggio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Accinno
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuele Vivarelli
- Immunology and Cellular Therapy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Mecheri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Maggiore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Otolaryngology Clinic, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cosmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Parronchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Olivero Rossi
- Immunoallergology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Maggi
- Translational Immunology Unit, Immunology Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Oreste Gallo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Otolaryngology Clinic, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Matucci
- Immunoallergology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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Shao Y, Wang D, Zhu Y, Xiao Z, Jin T, Peng L, Shen Y, Tang H. Molecular mechanisms of pruritus in prurigo nodularis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1301817. [PMID: 38077377 PMCID: PMC10701428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1301817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pruritus is the most common symptom of dermatological disorders, and prurigo nodularis (PN) is notorious for intractable and severe itching. Conventional treatments often yield disappointing outcomes, significantly affecting patients' quality of life and psychological well-being. The pathogenesis of PN is associated with a self-sustained "itch-scratch" vicious cycle. Recent investigations of PN-related itch have partially revealed the intricate interactions within the cutaneous neuroimmune network; however, the underlying mechanism remains undetermined. Itch mediators play a key role in pruritus amplification in PN and understanding their action mechanism will undoubtedly lead to the development of novel targeted antipruritic agents. In this review, we describe a series of pruritogens and receptors involved in mediating itching in PN, including cytokines, neuropeptides, extracellular matrix proteins, vasculogenic substances, ion channels, and intracellular signaling pathways. Moreover, we provide a prospective outlook on potential therapies based on existing findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Votto M, De Filippo M, Caimmi S, Indolfi C, Raffaele A, Tosca MA, Marseglia GL, Licari A. A Practical Update on Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1620. [PMID: 37892285 PMCID: PMC10605219 DOI: 10.3390/children10101620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an emerging atopic disease of unknown etiology limited to the esophagus. The pathogenesis is still understood and is likely characterized by type 2 inflammation. Food allergens are the primary triggers of EoE that stimulate inflammatory cells through an impaired esophageal barrier. In children and adolescents, clinical presentation varies with age and mainly includes food refusal, recurrent vomiting, failure to thrive, abdominal/epigastric pain, dysphagia, and food impaction. Upper-gastrointestinal endoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosing and monitoring EoE. EoE therapy aims to achieve clinical, endoscopic, and histological ("deep") remission; prevent esophageal fibrosis; and improve quality of life. In pediatrics, the cornerstones of therapy are proton pump inhibitors, topical steroids (swallowed fluticasone and viscous budesonide), and food elimination diets. In recent years, much progress has been made in understanding EoE pathogenesis, characterizing the clinical and molecular heterogeneity, and identifying new therapeutic approaches. Notably, clinical, molecular, endoscopic, and histological features reflect and influence the evolution of inflammation over time and the response to currently available treatments. Therefore, different EoE phenotypes and endotypes have recently been recognized. Dupilumab recently was approved by FDA and EMA as the first biological therapy for adolescents (≥12 years) and adults with active EoE, but other biologics are still under consideration. Due to its chronic course, EoE management requires long-term therapy, a multidisciplinary approach, and regular follow-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Votto
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.); (M.D.F.); (G.L.M.)
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Maria De Filippo
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.); (M.D.F.); (G.L.M.)
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Silvia Caimmi
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Cristiana Indolfi
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Raffaele
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | | | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.); (M.D.F.); (G.L.M.)
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Amelia Licari
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.V.); (M.D.F.); (G.L.M.)
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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Mihai IT, Rudzitis-Auth J, Menger MD, Laschke MW. The Presence of Pre-Existing Endometriotic Lesions Promotes the Growth of New Lesions in the Peritoneal Cavity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13858. [PMID: 37762161 PMCID: PMC10531296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease which is characterized by endometriotic lesions outside the uterine cavity. In this study, we investigated whether the presence of pre-existing endometriotic lesions promotes the development of new lesions due to the exchange of cells and an altered peritoneal environment. For this purpose, uterine tissue samples from FVB/N wild-type donor mice were transplanted simultaneously or time-delayed with samples from transgenic FVB-Tg(CAG-luc-GFP)L2G85Chco/J donor mice into the abdominal cavity of FVB/N wild-type recipient mice. The formation of endometriotic lesions was analyzed by means of high-resolution ultrasound, bioluminescence imaging, histology and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, immune cells and inflammatory factors in the peritoneal fluid were assessed by flow cytometry and a cytokine array. These analyses revealed that the growth of newly developing endometriotic lesions is promoted by the presence of pre-existing ones. This is not due to an exchange of cells between both lesion types but rather caused by peritoneal inflammation induced by already established lesions. These findings indicate that, among other pathogenic mechanisms, the chronic nature of endometriosis may be driven by a lesion-induced inflammatory milieu in the peritoneal cavity, which creates favorable conditions for the development of new lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthias W. Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (I.T.M.); (J.R.-A.); (M.D.M.)
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Fyles F, Nuttall A, Joplin H, Burhan H. Long-Term Real-World Outcomes of Mepolizumab and Benralizumab Among Biologic-Naive Patients With Severe Eosinophilic Asthma: Experience of 3 Years' Therapy. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:2715-2723. [PMID: 37245734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biologic therapies such as mepolizumab and benralizumab offer treatment options for severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA), although long-term real-world data on their use are limited. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of benralizumab and mepolizumab treatment among biologic-naive patients with SEA over 36 months and describe the incidence of super-response at 12 and 36 months, identifying potential predictive factors. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, single-center study of patients with SEA who were given mepolizumab or benralizumab from May 2017 to December 2019, and who completed 36 months of therapy. Baseline demographics, comorbidities, and medication use were described. Data on clinical outcomes, including maintenance oral corticosteroid (OCS) use, annual exacerbation rate (AER), mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-6), and eosinophil count were collected at baseline and at 12 and 36 months. Super-response was evaluated at 12 and 36 months. RESULTS A total of 81 patients were included. Maintenance OCS use significantly improved from baseline (5.3 mg/d) to 12 months (2.4 mg/d, P < .0001) and 36 months (0.6 mg/d; P < .0001). Annual exacerbation rate decreased from baseline (5.8) to 12 months (0.9; P < .0001) and 36 months (1.2; P < .0001). Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, ACQ-6, and eosinophil count significantly improved from baseline to 12 and 36 months. Twenty-nine patients demonstrated super-response at 12 months. Compared with those without a super-response, these patients had better baseline AER (4.7 vs 6.5; P = .009), mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (3.41 vs 2.54; P = .002), and ACQ-6 (3.38 vs 4.06; P = .03) scores. Most maintained a super-response up to 36 months. CONCLUSIONS Mepolizumab and benralizumab are associated with significant improvements in OCS use, AER, and asthma control in real-world cohorts for up to 36 months, providing insight into long-term use for SEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Fyles
- Liverpool University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Amy Nuttall
- Liverpool University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Joplin
- Liverpool University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Hassan Burhan
- Liverpool University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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11
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Wu H, Wang Z, Li X, Chen X, Li Y, Huang W, Chang L, Zhang G. IL-17A facilitates type 2 inflammation in a modified eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis mouse model. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2023; 13:1726-1737. [PMID: 36716409 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is predominantly characterized by nasal type 2 inflammation. The pathogenesis of this condition is complex. High levels of IL-17A are associated with eosinophil infiltration in some inflammatory diseases and contribute to the severity and insensitivity of corticosteroid therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis. METHODS In the first experiment, we constructed a modified ECRS mouse model using four groups of mice: phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-sensitized and nasal instillation (control); PBS-sensitized and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) nasal instillation after nasal tamponade (SEB group); ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and nasal instillation (OVA group); and OVA-sensitized combined with OVA and SEB nasal instillation after nasal tamponade (OVA + SEB group). In the second experiment, we examined the role of IL-17A by dividing the mice into four groups: control group; ECRS group; ECRS + anti-IL-17A group; and ECRS + IL-17A group. The latter two groups received intraperitoneal injections of anti-IL-17A antibody or IL-17A, respectively. RESULTS We constructed a modified ECRS mouse model (OVA + SEB group), where the IL-17A levels were upregulated in the nasal sinus of ECRS mice and the IL-17A levels were significantly correlated with eosinophil infiltration. We further demonstrated that IL-17A induced type 2 inflammation and eosinophil infiltration in the ECRS group of mice. In contrast, IL-17A neutralization attenuated type 2 inflammatory cytokine secretion and eosinophil infiltration. CONCLUSION OVA sensitization and unilateral nasal tamponade, combined with SEB and OVA alternate nasal instillation (OVA + SEB group), could be used to construct a more typical ECRS mouse model in which IL-17A enhanced the expression of type 2 cytokines and eosinophil infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqiang Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gehua Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Bachert C, Luong AU, Gevaert P, Mullol J, Smith SG, Silver J, Sousa AR, Howarth PH, Benson VS, Mayer B, Chan RH, Busse WW. The Unified Airway Hypothesis: Evidence From Specific Intervention With Anti-IL-5 Biologic Therapy. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:2630-2641. [PMID: 37207831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The unified airway hypothesis proposes that upper and lower airway diseases reflect a single pathological process manifesting in different locations within the airway. Functional, epidemiological, and pathological evidence has supported this well-established hypothesis for some time. However, literature on the pathobiologic roles/therapeutic targeting of eosinophils and IL-5 in upper and lower airway diseases (including asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps [CRSwNP], and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease) has recently emerged. This narrative review revisits the unified airway hypothesis by searching the scientific literature for recent learnings and clinical trial/real-world data that provide a novel perspective on its relevance for clinicians. According to the available literature, eosinophils and IL-5 have important pathophysiological roles in both the upper and lower airways, although the impact of eosinophils and IL-5 may vary in asthma and CRSwNP. Some differential effects of anti-IL-5 and anti-IL-5-receptor therapies in CRSwNP have been observed, requiring further investigation. However, pharmaceutical targeting of eosinophils and IL-5 in patients with upper, lower, and comorbid upper and lower airway inflammation has led to clinical benefit, supporting the hypothesis that these are linked conditions manifesting in different locations. Consideration of this approach may improve patient care and aid clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Bachert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Amber U Luong
- McGovern Medical School of the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Philippe Gevaert
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERES, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Jared Silver
- US Medical Affairs - Respiratory, GSK, Durham, NC
| | - Ana R Sousa
- Clinical Sciences - Respiratory, GSK, Brentford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter H Howarth
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom; Global Respiratory Franchise, GSK, Brentford, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria S Benson
- Epidemiology, Value Evidence and Outcomes, GSK, Brentford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert H Chan
- Clinical Sciences - Respiratory, GSK, Brentford, United Kingdom
| | - William W Busse
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis
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13
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Lay CS, Isidro-Llobet A, Kilpatrick LE, Craggs PD, Hill SJ. Characterisation of IL-23 receptor antagonists and disease relevant mutants using fluorescent probes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2882. [PMID: 37208328 PMCID: PMC10199020 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38541-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL-23 receptor with several auto-inflammatory diseases, led to the heterodimeric receptor and its cytokine-ligand IL-23, becoming important drug targets. Successful antibody-based therapies directed against the cytokine have been licenced and a class of small peptide antagonists of the receptor have entered clinical trials. These peptide antagonists may offer therapeutic advantages over existing anti-IL-23 therapies, but little is known about their molecular pharmacology. In this study, we use a fluorescent version of IL-23 to characterise antagonists of the full-length receptor expressed by living cells using a NanoBRET competition assay. We then develop a cyclic peptide fluorescent probe, specific to the IL23p19:IL23R interface and use this molecule to characterise further receptor antagonists. Finally, we use the assays to study the immunocompromising C115Y IL23R mutation, demonstrating that the mechanism of action is a disruption of the binding epitope for IL23p19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Lay
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
- Chemical Biology, Medicine Design, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | | | - Laura E Kilpatrick
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK
- Division of Bimolecular Science and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Peter D Craggs
- Chemical Biology, Medicine Design, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK.
- Crick-GSK Biomedical Linklabs, Medicine Design, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, UK.
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14
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Subsets of Eosinophils in Asthma, a Challenge for Precise Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065716. [PMID: 36982789 PMCID: PMC10052006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of eosinophils was documented histopathologically in the first half of the 19th century. However, the term “eosinophils” was first used by Paul Ehrlich in 1878. Since their discovery and description, their existence has been associated with asthma, allergies, and antihelminthic immunity. Eosinophils may also be responsible for various possible tissue pathologies in many eosinophil-associated diseases. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the understanding of the nature of this cell population has undergone a fundamental reassessment, and in 2010, J. J. Lee proposed the concept of “LIAR” (Local Immunity And/or Remodeling/Repair), underlining the extensive immunoregulatory functions of eosinophils in the context of health and disease. It soon became apparent that mature eosinophils (in line with previous morphological studies) are not structurally, functionally, or immunologically homogeneous cell populations. On the contrary, these cells form subtypes characterized by their further development, immunophenotype, sensitivity to growth factors, localization, role and fate in tissues, and contribution to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including asthma. The eosinophil subsets were recently characterized as resident (rEos) and inflammatory (iEos) eosinophils. During the last 20 years, the biological therapy of eosinophil diseases, including asthma, has been significantly revolutionized. Treatment management has been improved through the enhancement of treatment effectiveness and a decrease in the adverse events associated with the formerly ultimately used systemic corticosteroids. However, as we observed from real-life data, the global treatment efficacy is still far from optimal. A fundamental condition, “sine qua non”, for correct treatment management is a thorough evaluation of the inflammatory phenotype of the disease. We believe that a better understanding of eosinophils would lead to more precise diagnostics and classification of asthma subtypes, which could further improve treatment outcomes. The currently validated asthma biomarkers (eosinophil count, production of NO in exhaled breath, and IgE synthesis) are insufficient to unveil super-responders among all severe asthma patients and thus give only a blurred picture of the adepts for treatment. We propose an emerging approach consisting of a more precise characterization of pathogenic eosinophils in terms of the definition of their functional status or subset affiliation by flow cytometry. We believe that the effort to find new eosinophil-associated biomarkers and their rational use in treatment algorithms may ameliorate the response rate to biological therapy in patients with severe asthma.
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15
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Caminati M, Marcon A, Guarnieri G, Miotti J, Bagnasco D, Carpagnano GE, Pelaia G, Vaia R, Maule M, Vianello A, Senna G. Benralizumab Efficacy in Late Non-Responders to Mepolizumab and Variables Associated with Occurrence of Switching: A Real-Word Perspective. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051836. [PMID: 36902623 PMCID: PMC10002580 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Overlapping eligibility to different biologics for severe asthma is still challenging, especially when addressing the same target. We aimed to characterize severe eosinophilic asthma patients according to their maintained or reduced response to mepolizumab over time and to explore baseline variables significantly associated with the occurrence of switching to benralizumab. We performed a multicentre retrospective observational study evaluating OCS reduction, exacerbation rate, lung function, exhaled nitric oxide levels (FeNO), Asthma control test (ACT), and blood eosinophil concentrations at baseline and before and after switching occurrence among 43 female and 25 male patients with severe asthma aged 23 to 84 years. Younger age, higher OCS daily dose and lower blood eosinophils at baseline were associated with a significantly higher risk (odds) for switching occurrence. All the patients showed an optimal response to mepolizumab, up to six months. The need for switching, according to the above-mentioned criterion, occurred for 30 out of 68 patients after a median time of 21 months (Q1-Q3: 12-24) from mepolizumab initiation. At the follow-up time-point after the switch (median time: 31 months, Q-Q3: 22-35), all the outcomes substantially improved and no cases of poor clinical response to benralizumab were detected. Although the small sample size and the retrospective design represent major limitations, to our knowledge, our study provides the first real-word focus on clinical variables potentially predicting a better response to anti IL-5r in patients fully eligible for both mepolizumab and benralizumab and suggests that in late non responder patients to mepolizumab, more robustly targeting the IL-5 axis may be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Caminati
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandro Marcon
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriella Guarnieri
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35129 Padua, Italy
| | - Jessica Miotti
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Diego Bagnasco
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, University of Bari, Polyclinic University Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rachele Vaia
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Allergy Unit and Asthma Center, Verona University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Maule
- Allergy Unit and Asthma Center, Verona University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Vianello
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35129 Padua, Italy
| | - Gianenrico Senna
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Allergy Unit and Asthma Center, Verona University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy
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16
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Hilvering B, Koenderman L. Quality over quantity; eosinophil activation status will deepen the insight into eosinophilic diseases. Respir Med 2023; 207:107094. [PMID: 36572067 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2022.107094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophil associated diseases have gained much attention recently because of the introduction of specific eosinophil targeted therapies. These diseases range from acute parasitic infections to chronic inflammatory diseases such as eosinophilic asthma. In eosinophilic asthma an increased eosinophil cell count in peripheral blood is the gold standard for determination of the pheno-/endotype and severity of disease. Despite a broad consensus there is concern on validity of this simple measurement, because the eosinophil compartment is far from homogenous. Multiple tissues harbour non-activated cells under homeostatic conditions and other tissues, normally devoid of eosinophils, become infested with these cells under inflammatory conditions. It will, therefore, be clear that eosinophils become differentially (pre)-activated at different tissue sites in homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. This complexity should be investigated in detail as it is 1) far from clear what the long-term side effects are that are caused by application of eosinophil targeted therapies in a "one size fits all" concept and 2) real-world data of eosinophil targeted therapies in asthma shows a broad variety in the treatment response. This review will focus on complex mechanisms of eosinophil activation in vivo to create a better view on the dynamics of the eosinophil compartment in health and disease both to prevent collateral damage caused by aberrant activation of eosinophils ánd to improve effectiveness of eosinophil targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hilvering
- Dept. Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, the Netherlands.
| | - L Koenderman
- Dept. Respiratory Medicine and Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
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17
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Mechanisms and clinical management of eosinophilic oesophagitis: an overview. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:101-119. [PMID: 36253463 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00691-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the first description of eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) less than three decades ago, we have observed a striking increase in the number of patients diagnosed with EoE and the understanding of its clinical and immunopathogenic background. Nonetheless, a plethora of open questions await elucidation. In this Review, we discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms, particularly environmental factors and their interaction with genetic susceptibility. Subsequently, we discuss how to translate these factors into the diagnostic and therapeutic management of this chronic, immune-mediated disorder. Finally, we dissect the still long list of unmet needs, such as reasons for and handling refractory EoE and atypical clinical presentations. These open questions can guide us through future research steps and potentially foster reconsideration of the diagnostic guidelines of EoE.
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18
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David E, Ungar B, Renert-Yuval Y, Facheris P, Del Duca E, Guttman-Yassky E. The evolving landscape of biologic therapies for atopic dermatitis: Present and future perspective. Clin Exp Allergy 2023; 53:156-172. [PMID: 36653940 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common, chronic inflammatory skin diseases with a significant physical, emotional and socioeconomic burden. In recent years the understanding of AD pathogenesis has expanded from the Th2-centred perspective, with the recognition of the involvement of other immune axes. In different AD endotypes, influenced by environment, genetics and race, transcriptomic profiles have identified differing contributions of multiple immune axes such as, Th17, Th22 and Th1. The enriched pathogenic model of AD has catalysed the development of numerous biologic therapies targeting a range of key molecules implicated in disease progression. Currently, dupilumab and tralokinumab, which both target the Th2 pathway, are the only approved biologic therapies for AD in the United States and Europe. New biologic therapies in development, however, target different Th2-pathway molecules along with cytokines in other immune axes, including Th17 and Th22, offering promise for varied treatments for this heterogeneous disease. As the biologic pipeline advances, the integration into clinical practice and approval of these experimental biologics may provide more effective, tailored therapeutic solutions and illuminate on the pathologic processes of AD across a broader, more diverse patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden David
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin Ungar
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yael Renert-Yuval
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paola Facheris
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ester Del Duca
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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19
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Kaufmann T, Simon HU. Pharmacological Induction of Granulocyte Cell Death as Therapeutic Strategy. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:231-247. [PMID: 36028226 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051921-115130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is central for the maintenance of health. In the immune system, apoptosis guarantees proper development of immune cells and shutdown of immune reactions by the coordinated elimination of activated immune cells. Limitation of the life span of granulocytes is important, as overactivation of these cells is associated with chronic inflammation and collateral tissue damage. Consequently, targeted induction of granulocyte apoptosis may be beneficial in the course of respective immune disorders. Anti-inflammatory drugs such as glucocorticoids and monoclonal antibodies against IL-5Rα exert their function in part by triggering eosinophil apoptosis. Agonistic antibodies targeting Siglec-8 or death receptors are tested (pre)clinically. Moreover, a new class of inhibitors targeting antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins shows great promise for anticancer treatments. Because of their specificity and tolerable side effects, these so-called BH3 mimetics may be worthwhile to evaluate in inflammatory disorders. Here, we review past and recent data on pharmacological apoptosis induction of granulocytes and highlight respective therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; ,
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; , .,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
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20
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Pezeshki PS, Nowroozi A, Razi S, Rezaei N. Asthma and Allergy. Clin Immunol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818006-8.00002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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21
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Shim KS, Song HK, Hwang YH, Chae S, Kim HK, Jang S, Kim YH, Choo BK, Yang WK, Kim SH, Kim T, Kim KM. Ethanol extract of Veronica persica ameliorates house dust mite-induced asthmatic inflammation by inhibiting STAT-3 and STAT-6 activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113264. [PMID: 35696941 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Veronica persica is a flowering plant belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae. Here, we aimed to evaluate the pharmacological activity of the ethanol extract of Veronica persica (EEVP) in an airway inflammation model. We examined airway responsiveness to aerosolized methacholine, serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E levels, and total cell numbers in the lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Histological analysis of the lung tissue was performed using hematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome, or periodic acid-Schiff staining. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis in the lung and BALF was applied to clarify the changes in immune cell types. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were applied to investigate cytokine levels and gene expression related to airway inflammation. STAT-3/6 phosphorylation was examined in primary bronchial/tracheal epithelial cells using western blot analysis. EEVP significantly suppressed total IgE levels and methacholine-induced increase of Penh value in the HDM-challenged mouse model. EEVP also attenuated the severity of airway remodeling in lung tissues and decreased eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration in the lungs and BALF. EEVP significantly reduced the production of cytokines in BAL and splenocyte culture medium, and the expression of mRNAs related to airway inflammation in the lung tissue. EEVP suppressed IL-4/13-induced STAT-3/6 phosphorylation in the epithelial cells. We showed for the first time that EEVP effectively inhibits eosinophilic airway inflammation by suppressing the expression of inflammatory factors for T cell activation and polarization, and inhibits MCP-1 production of bronchial/tracheal epithelial cells by suppressing STAT-3/6 activation. EEVP may be a potential pharmacological agent to prevent inflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Shuk Shim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Song
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hwan Hwang
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; Korean Convergence Medicine Major KIOM, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; Korean Convergence Medicine Major KIOM, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kyoung Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol Jang
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kil Choo
- Department of Crop Science & Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Yang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesoo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Mo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; Korean Convergence Medicine Major KIOM, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Wu L, Zhao W, Tang S, Chen R, Ji M, Yang X. Role of ILC2s in Solid Tumors: Facilitate or Inhibit? Front Immunol 2022; 13:886045. [PMID: 35720302 PMCID: PMC9203687 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.886045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are important mediators of type 2 immunity and play an important role in allergic diseases, helminth infections, and tissue fibrosis. However, the role of ILC2s in tumor immunity requires further elucidation. Studies over the past decade have reported that ILC2s play a promoting or suppressing role in different tumors. Here we reviewed the role of ILC2s in solid tumors demonstrating that ILC2s act as a crucial regulator in tumor immunity. We proposed that ILC2s could be an important predictor for tumor prognosis and a new therapeutic target after immunotherapy resistance. In conclusion, our study shed new light on modifying and targeting ILC2s for anti-tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mei Ji
- *Correspondence: Mei Ji, ; Xin Yang,
| | - Xin Yang
- *Correspondence: Mei Ji, ; Xin Yang,
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23
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Zhou B, Li J, Liu R, Zhu L, Peng C. The Role of Crosstalk of Immune Cells in Pathogenesis of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. Front Immunol 2022; 13:879754. [PMID: 35711438 PMCID: PMC9193815 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.879754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is defined as recurrent episodes of spontaneous wheal development and/or angioedema for more than six weeks and at least twice a week. The core link in the pathogenesis of CSU is the activation of mast cells, T cells, eosinophils, and other immune cells infiltrating around the small venules of the lesion. Increased vascular permeability, vasodilatation, and recruitment of inflammatory cells directly depend on mast cell mediators’ release. Complex regulatory systems tightly influence the critical roles of mast cells in the local microenvironment. The bias toward Th2 inflammation and autoantibodies derived from B cells, histamine expressed by basophils, and initiation of the extrinsic coagulation pathway by eosinophils or monocytes exerts powerful modulatory influences on mast cells. Cell-to-cell interactions between mast cells and eosinophils/T cells also are regulators of their function and may involve CSU’s pathomechanism. This review summarizes up-to-date knowledge regarding the crosstalk between mast cells and other immune cells, providing the impetus to develop new research concepts and treatment strategies for CSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjing Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Runqiu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Cong Peng,
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Huguenot M, Bruhm AC, Essig M. Histological remission of eosinophilic esophagitis under asthma therapy with IL-5 receptor monoclonal antibody: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:4502-4508. [PMID: 35663093 PMCID: PMC9125258 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i14.4502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benralizumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting the IL-5 receptor used in the treatment of asthma. The use of benralizumab in other conditions is only emerging and could represent a therapeutic option for other eosinophil-associated diseases. Here, we report the case of a patient suffering from eosinophilic esophagitis and asthma who achieved histological remission of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) under benralizumab treatment for his asthma.
CASE SUMMARY Our patient was a 56-year-old white male with a history of eosinophilic esophagitis and severe asthma. After years of usual treatments, including topical steroids, biological treatment with mepolizumab, and standard asthma treatment, only poor control of both conditions was obtained. A control gastroscopy after the initiation of benralizumab showed complete histological remission of his EoE.
CONCLUSION Our case shows the effects of therapy with a novel agent not yet approved for this condition but for other diseases, with histological resolution of EoE after treatment. Complete clinical remission was not observed, which exemplifies the complex nature of EoE, its associated psychosomatic burden, and the chronification of the disease. Nevertheless, monoclonal antibodies targeting the Th2 response and, in our case, an IL5 receptor antagonist, achieved complete histological remission, which was not the case with an antibody against IL-5, which was also initiated to treat asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Huguenot
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Tiefenau Hospital, Bern 3004, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Catherine Bruhm
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Tiefenau Hospital, Bern 3004, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Essig
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Tiefenau Hospital, Bern 3004, Switzerland
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25
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Shang Q, Zhu L, Shang W, Zeng J, Qi Y. Dioscin exhibits protective effects on in vivo and in vitro asthma models via suppressing TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and AKT pathways. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23084. [PMID: 35481609 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dioscin is a natural product that possesses protective effects on multiple chronic injuries, but its effects on asthma are not fully understood. Herein, we evaluated its effects on asthmatic mice established by ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenges and further explored the mechanism. Inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) were analyzed using Diff-Quik staining. OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE)/IgG1 in serum and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 4[IL-4], IL-5, IL-13, and tumor necrosis factor-α) in BALFs and lung tissues were measured using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Kits. Hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, and immunohistochemistry staining showed histopathological changes in lung tissues. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells was assessed by immunofluorescence staining. Hydroxyproline content was used to evaluate collagen deposition. Polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were performed to measure messenger RNA and protein expression. We found that dioscin treatment (particularly at the dose of 80 mg/kg) significantly inhibited pulmonary inflammation in asthmatic mice, as evidenced by the decreased serum OVA-specific IgE/IgG1 and the reduced inflammatory cells and cytokines in BALFs and lung tissues. Moreover, dioscin effectively ameliorated the goblet cell hyperplasia, mucus hypersecretion, collagen deposition, and smooth muscle hyperplasia in the airways of asthmatic mice. Mechanistically, dioscin restrained the activated TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and protein kinase B (AKT) signal pathways in lung tissues and potently reversed the TGF-β1-induced EMT and phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and AKT in 16HBE cells. Collectively, dioscin displayed protective effects on OVA-induced asthmatic mice via adjusting TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and AKT signal pathways, supporting the fact that dioscin could be a candidate for chronic asthma prevention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Shang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weina Shang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jia Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yong Qi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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26
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Koga Y, Aoki-Saito H, Kamide Y, Sato M, Tsurumaki H, Yatomi M, Ishizuka T, Hisada T. Perspectives on the Efficacy of Benralizumab for Treatment of Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:865318. [PMID: 35359852 PMCID: PMC8960447 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.865318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Two types of interleukin (IL)-5 antibody biologics, anti-IL-5 antibodies (mepolizumab) and anti-IL-5α receptor antibodies (benralizumab), are indicated for severe asthma. While high-dose mepolizumab is also indicated for EGPA, benralizumab is indicated only for severe asthma. Benralizumab is characterized by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity activity, giving them specific and rapid anti-IL-5α receptor binding abilities and the ability to target a high number of eosinophils in tissues as well as peripheral blood. Recently, reports on the efficacy of benralizumab as a treatment for EGPA have been published, along with reports on some cases that are difficult to treat with existing oral corticosteroids and mepolizumab. Therefore, we focus on the perspective of the efficacy and safety of benralizumab as a treatment for EGPA patients with steroid dependence in this review. A total of 41 patients with EGPA were treated with benralizumab. After the introduction of benralizumab, oral corticosteroids could be reduced to 10 mg/day or less in all cases and to less than 5 mg/day in 80% or more of the cases. Discontinuation of oral corticosteroids was achieved in more than 40% of patients with EGPA. Benralizumab was effective in patients with mepolizumab-refractory EGPA and intractable cardiac and neuropathy complications. Efficient elimination of eosinophils is expected to improve the remission rate of EGPA with benralizumab treatment. Although the total number of patients was small, benralizumab was safe and tolerable in a wide range of age groups, suggesting efficacy in severe cases with EGPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Koga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yasuhiko Koga,
| | - Haruka Aoki-Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kamide
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Makiko Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tsurumaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Yatomi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Ishizuka
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hisada
- Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
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27
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Akkaya I, Oylumlu E, Ozel I, Uzel G, Durmus L, Ciraci C. NLRC4 Inflammasome-Mediated Regulation of Eosinophilic Functions. Immune Netw 2022; 21:e42. [PMID: 35036029 PMCID: PMC8733190 DOI: 10.4110/in.2021.21.e42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils play critical roles in the maintenance of homeostasis in innate and adaptive immunity. Although primarily known for their roles in parasitic infections and the development of Th2 cell responses, eosinophils also play complex roles in other immune responses ranging from anti-inflammation to defense against viral and bacterial infections. However, the contributions of pattern recognition receptors in general, and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) in particular, to eosinophil involvement in these immune responses remain relatively underappreciated. Our in vivo studies demonstrated that NLRC4 deficient mice had a decreased number of eosinophils and impaired Th2 responses after induction of an allergic airway disease model. Our in vitro data, utilizing human eosinophilic EoL-1 cells, suggested that TLR2 induction markedly induced pro-inflammatory responses and inflammasome forming NLRC4 and NLRP3. Moreover, activation by their specific ligands resulted in caspase-1 cleavage and mature IL-1β secretion. Interestingly, Th2 responses such as secretion of IL-5 and IL-13 decreased after transfection of EoL-1 cells with short interfering RNAs targeting human NLRC4. Specific induction of NLRC4 with PAM3CSK4 and flagellin upregulated the expression of IL-5 receptor and expression of Fc epsilon receptors (FcεR1α, FcεR2). Strikingly, activation of the NLRC4 inflammasome also promoted expression of the costimulatory receptor CD80 as well as expression of immunoregulatory receptors PD-L1 and Siglec-8. Concomitant with NLRC4 upregulation, we found an increase in expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, but not MMP-2. Collectively, our results present new potential roles of NLRC4 in mediating a variety of eosinopilic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgin Akkaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Ece Oylumlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Irem Ozel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Goksu Uzel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Lubeyne Durmus
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Ceren Ciraci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.,Inflammation Program, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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28
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Waśkiel-Burnat A, Osińska M, Salińska A, Blicharz L, Goldust M, Olszewska M, Rudnicka L. The Role of Serum Th1, Th2, and Th17 Cytokines in Patients with Alopecia Areata: Clinical Implications. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123397. [PMID: 34943905 PMCID: PMC8699846 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata is a type of non-scarring hair loss. The dysregulation of numerous systemic Th1 (IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF, IL-12, and IL-18), Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17E, IL-31 and IL-33) and Th17 (IL-17, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23 and TGF-β) cytokines was observed in patients with alopecia areata. Positive correlations between the severity of alopecia areata and an increased serum level of various cytokines including IL-2, TNF, IL-12, IL-17, and IL-17E were reported in the literature. An increased serum level of numerous cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-6, TNF, IL-12, IL-17E, and IL-22, was described as positively correlated with the duration of the disease. Moreover, it was shown that increased pre-treatment serum level of IL-12 was a positive, while increased serum levels of IL-4 and IL-13 were negative prognostic markers for the efficacy of diphenylcyclopropenone. In conclusion, alopecia areata is associated with the dysregulation of systemic Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokines with their role in the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and prognosis of the disease. Available data indicate the most significant role of serum IL-2, TNF, IL-12, IL-17, and IL-17E as markers of disease activity. The serum levels IL-4, IL-12 and IL-13 may be useful as potential predictors of diphenylcyclopropenone efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Waśkiel-Burnat
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Koszykowa 82A, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.-B.); (M.O.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Marta Osińska
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Koszykowa 82A, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.-B.); (M.O.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Anna Salińska
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Koszykowa 82A, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.-B.); (M.O.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Leszek Blicharz
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Koszykowa 82A, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.-B.); (M.O.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Mohamad Goldust
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55122 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Małgorzata Olszewska
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Koszykowa 82A, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.-B.); (M.O.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (M.O.)
| | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Koszykowa 82A, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.-B.); (M.O.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (M.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-502-13-24; Fax: +48-22-824-22-00
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29
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Lee Y, Hojjati M. Benralizumab as a Potential Adjunctive Therapy in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis. J Clin Rheumatol 2021; 27:S401-S402. [PMID: 32453217 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000001419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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30
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Rhyou HI, Han SH, Nam YH. Successful induction treatment of bullous pemphigoid using reslizumab: a case report. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2021; 17:117. [PMID: 34784964 PMCID: PMC8596938 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-021-00619-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a potentially life-threatening autoimmune blistering disease which is characterized by autoantibodies against hemidesmosomal proteins of the skin and mucous membranes. In recent years, the role of eosinophil and immunoglobulin E autoantibodies have been further elucidated in BP, and have been considered potential therapeutic targets.
Case presentations
A 67-year-old male presented with erythematous bullous eruption. The skin eruption was located on whole body, and suggested BP. Peripheral blood eosinophil count and total immunoglobulin E markedly elevated in initial laboratory findings. Topical and systemic steroid (methylprednisolone 2 mg/kg/day) treatment was started, and his skin symptoms worsened repeatedly, whenever systemic steroid were reduced. On admission day 29, reslizumab (anti-interleukin-5) 3.5 mg/kg was administered intravenously to the patients. The bullous skin lesion began to improve rapidly, and methylprednisolone (8 mg/day) was reduced without any worsening of symptoms during two doses of reslizumab.
Conclusions
We report a case of successful treatment response to reslizumab administration in a patient with BP. Further studies are needed to confirm the role of anti-interleukin-5 as a treatment for BP in the future.
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31
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Abstract
The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway was discovered more than a quarter-century ago. As a fulcrum of many vital cellular processes, the JAK/STAT pathway constitutes a rapid membrane-to-nucleus signaling module and induces the expression of various critical mediators of cancer and inflammation. Growing evidence suggests that dysregulation of the JAK/STAT pathway is associated with various cancers and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the composition, activation, and regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Moreover, we highlight the role of the JAK/STAT pathway and its inhibitors in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Maorong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China.
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China.
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32
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Hu X, Li J, Fu M, Zhao X, Wang W. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway: from bench to clinic. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:402. [PMID: 34824210 PMCID: PMC8617206 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 671] [Impact Index Per Article: 223.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway was discovered more than a quarter-century ago. As a fulcrum of many vital cellular processes, the JAK/STAT pathway constitutes a rapid membrane-to-nucleus signaling module and induces the expression of various critical mediators of cancer and inflammation. Growing evidence suggests that dysregulation of the JAK/STAT pathway is associated with various cancers and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the composition, activation, and regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Moreover, we highlight the role of the JAK/STAT pathway and its inhibitors in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Maorong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China.
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China.
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33
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Severe hypereosinophilic syndrome successfully treated with a monoclonal antibody against interleukin 5 receptor α - benralizumab. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 46:395-397. [PMID: 34764813 PMCID: PMC8574116 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2021.108259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a group of a rare diseases characterized by marked eosinophilia in blood or tissue and eosinophil-related clinical manifestations. Benralizumab is a humanized, monoclonal antibody against interleukin 5 (IL-5) receptor α, which is expressed on human eosinophils. Here, we present the case of a patient with severe HES in whom treatment with benralizumab, an anti-IL-5 receptor monoclonal antibody, was initiated 6 months ago. Prior to benralizumab administration, the patient was treated with glucocorticoids (GS) and mepolizumab. However, instead of the applied treatment and normal level of peripheral eosinophils the patient presented with fluctuating lower respiratory tract symptoms and recurrent exacerbations of HES. Treatment with benralizumab (30 mg s.c. every 4-6 weeks) was started, resulting in significant improvement of respiratory signs and symptoms, normalization of eosinophil count and significant reduction of the methylprednisolone dose (after 5 doses of benralizumab administration). No substantial side effects have been noted during treatment and 6-month follow-up. We argue that in the severe and relapsing course of HES, rescue treatment with benralizumab should be taken into account, particularly in cases of relative inefficacy of GS and mepolizumab.
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Transcriptional Regulation of the Human IL5RA Gene through Alternative Promoter Usage during Eosinophil Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910245. [PMID: 34638583 PMCID: PMC8549700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the IL-5 receptor alpha (IL5RA) gene is complicated, with two known promoters (P1 and P2) driving transcription, and two known isoforms (transmembrane and soluble) dichotomously affecting the signaling potential of the protein products. Here, we sought to determine the patterns of P1 and P2 promoter usage and transcription factor occupancy during primary human eosinophil development from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell progenitors. We found that during eosinophilopoiesis, both promoters were active but subject to distinct temporal regulation, coincident with combinatorial interactions of transcription factors, including GATA-1, PU.1, and C/EBP family members. P1 displayed a relatively constant level of activity throughout eosinophil development, while P2 activity peaked early and waned thereafter. The soluble IL-5Rα mRNA peaked early and showed the greatest magnitude fold-induction, while the signaling-competent transmembrane isoform peaked moderately. Two human eosinophilic cell lines whose relative use of P1 and P2 were similar to eosinophils differentiated in culture were used to functionally test putative transcription factor binding sites. Transcription factor occupancy was then validated in primary cultures by ChIP. We conclude that IL-5-dependent generation of eosinophils from CD34+ precursors involves complex and dynamic activity including both promoters, several interacting transcription factors, and both signaling and antagonistic protein products.
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35
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Camilleri AE, Nag S, Russo AR, Stiles KM, Crystal RG, Pagovich OE. Gene therapy for a murine model of eosinophilic esophagitis. Allergy 2021; 76:2740-2752. [PMID: 33748982 DOI: 10.1111/all.14822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophils are specialized granulocytic effector cells that store and release highly active mediators used in immune defense. Eosinophils are also implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic disorders, including eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), a chronic disorder characterized by infiltration of eosinophils into the esophagus and release of mediators that damage tissue, resulting in gastrointestinal morbidity, food impaction, and dysphagia. Treatment with elimination diets and/or topical corticosteroid therapy slow disease progression, but are complicated by adverse effects, limited compliance, and loss of response to therapy. We hypothesized that a single administration of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) coding for an anti-eosinophil monoclonal antibody that induces eosinophil clearance (anti-Siglec-F) would treat on a persistent basis a murine model of EoE. METHODS A mouse model of peanut-induced EoE that mimics the human disease was established by sensitization and challenge with peanut extract. After challenge, these mice exhibited an EoE phenotype demonstrated by elevated levels of blood eosinophils, infiltration of eosinophils in the esophagus with associated esophageal remodeling and food impaction. RESULTS The mice were treated with a single intravenous administration (1011 genome copies) of AAVrh.10mAnti-Eos, a serotype rh.10 AAV vector coding for an anti-Siglec-F monoclonal antibody. Vector administration resulted in persistent, high levels of anti-Siglec-F antibody expression. Administration of AAVrh.10mAnti-Eos to the mouse model of EoE reduced blood (P < 0.02) and esophageal eosinophil numbers (P < 0.002) protected from esophageal tissue remodeling and minimized food impaction. CONCLUSION These results suggest that a single treatment with AAVrh.10mAnti-Eos has the potential to provide persistent therapeutic benefit to patients with EoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Camilleri
- Department of Genetic Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA
| | - Saparja Nag
- Department of Genetic Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA
| | - Anthony R. Russo
- Department of Genetic Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA
| | - Katie M. Stiles
- Department of Genetic Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA
| | - Ronald G. Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA
| | - Odelya E. Pagovich
- Department of Genetic Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA
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Differential effects of short- and long-term treatment with mepolizumab on eosinophil kinetics in blood and sputum in eosinophilic asthma. iScience 2021; 24:102913. [PMID: 34409272 PMCID: PMC8361259 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mepolizumab (anti-IL-5) is a successful biological for treatment of T2/eosinophilic asthma by blocking the IL-5-eosinophil axis. The kinetics of human eosinophils in blood and sputum was determined to better understand the underlying mechanism(s). Pulse-chase labeling was performed with 6,6-2H2-glucose in patients with asthma after short term (4 days) and long term (84 days) treatment with mepolizumab (n = 10) or placebo (n = 10). The retention time of eosinophils in sputum was longer than in blood. Treatment with mepolizumab induced a fast and long-lasting eosinopenia with no reduction of eosinophil progenitors. The retention time of eosinophils in blood was delayed only after short-term treatment. This leads to the hypothesis that IL-5 increases the number of IL-5-responsive progenitors and potentiates homing to the tissues, leading to reactive eosinophilia. Long-term treatment is associated with low numbers of IL-5-independent eosinophils in blood and tissues. Therefore, long-term treatment with mepolizumab restores the kinetics of eosinophils as normally found in homeostasis. Anti-IL-5 (mepolizumab) treatment leads to inhibition of reactive eosinophilia Reactive blood eosinophils have a high retention time in the absence of IL-5 Eosinophils are long lived in the sputum of eosinophil asthmatics Anti-IL-5 reduces proliferating progenitors rather than inhibiting differentiation
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Gidaro A, Salvi E, Carraro MC, Rossi RS, Castelli R. Concomitant use of Tyrosine-kinase Inhibitor and Mepolizumab in Asthma secondary to Chronic Myeloid Leukemia with hypereosinophilia. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:389-393. [PMID: 34420510 DOI: 10.2174/1871523020999210820091109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma and hypereosinophilia have been treated with different therapeutics in the past. Some of them appear to be more effective in symptoms resolution and decreasing eosinophilic count. CASE PRESENTATION We report here an unusual case of asthma with hypereosinophilia secondary to Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) with high prevalence of eosinophilic infiltrate, treated simultaneously with an anti-IL-5 antibody (Mepolizumab) and Tyrosine-kinase Inhibitors (TKI: Imatinib and Bosutinib) for three years. The patient showed a promising reduction of pulmonary exacerbations and good control of CML without developing side effects. CONCLUSION We hope that this finding could inspire further studies on the efficacy and safety of the concomitant use of anti-IL-5 and TKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gidaro
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan. Italy
| | - Emanuele Salvi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan. Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Carraro
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan. Italy
| | - Roberta Simona Rossi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan. Italy
| | - Roberto Castelli
- University of Sassari Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Science University Hospital of Sassari. Italy
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Peterson K, Safroneeva E, Schoepfer A. Emerging Therapies for Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:3276-3281. [PMID: 34343695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Besides eosinophilic esophagitis, other eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs), such as eosinophilic gastritis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, and eosinophilic colitis, are increasingly diagnosed over the last decade. Whereas diagnosis and therapy of eosinophilic esophagitis have been standardized, the diagnosis and therapy of other EGIDs are areas of active research. Motivated by the increasing prevalence of these conditions, concerted efforts of different stakeholders have led to the evaluation of targeted biologic therapies for EGID management over the last couple of years, and several promising molecules are currently in the pipeline. This review article provides an overview of targeted biologic therapies for use in EGIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Peterson
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
| | - Ekaterina Safroneeva
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alain Schoepfer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Systemic hypereosinophilic syndromes: when autoimmunity is Th2 mediated. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 20:175-180. [PMID: 31985544 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Clinical conditions associated with hypereosinophilia represent a field of particular interest, taking into account the epidemiological impact of the different primary and secondary forms. In addition to a classical Th1 response, also Th2 cells can be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, among them eosinophilic forms such as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. RECENT FINDINGS In patients with severe asthma, recent evidence highlights the role of pathogenic autoantibodies against autologous eosinophil proteins (e.g. eosinophil peroxidase) suggest the role of autoimmune mechanisms, particularly in patients in which asthma is included in eosinophilic vasculitis with antineutrophilic autoantibody positivity. Is now evident that in addition to Th2 cells, also type 2 innate lymphoid cells and Th1/Th17 cells play a central role in the pathogenesis of hypereosinophilic syndrome. SUMMARY The definition of cellular and molecular mechanisms and the critical role of specific cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of hypereosinophilic syndrome open the way to new therapeutic strategies by using biological agents targeting these specific factors.
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Kaga M, Takeuchi H, Iwahara K, Ihara H. A case of hypereosinophilia with digital ischaemia successfully treated with intravenous prostaglandin E 1. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2021; 1:e32. [PMID: 35664976 PMCID: PMC9060027 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the therapeutic management of eosinophilic disorder, it is important to prevent hypereosinophilia (HE)-related organ damage even in the process of diagnosis. We describe here a unique clinical and histopathological findings of the patient with HE accompanied with digital ischaemia. Treatment with intravenous prostaglandin E1 was essential for digital ischaemia in our case while benralizumab, humanized monoclonal antibody against interleukin-5 receptorα, did not affect. Our case suggests an earlier intervention for digital ischaemia in the therapeutic management of eosiniphilic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kaga
- Division of DermatologyKoto HospitalTokyoJapan
- Department of Dermatology and AllergologyFaculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - H. Takeuchi
- Division of DermatologyKoto HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - K. Iwahara
- Division of DermatologyKoto HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - H. Ihara
- Division of Respiratory MedicineKoto HospitalTokyoJapan
- Department of Respiratory MedicineFaculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
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Koenderman L, Hassani M, Mukherjee M, Nair P. Monitoring eosinophils to guide therapy with biologics in asthma: does the compartment matter? Allergy 2021; 76:1294-1297. [PMID: 33301608 PMCID: PMC8246958 DOI: 10.1111/all.14700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Laboratory of Translational Immunology University of Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Marwan Hassani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Laboratory of Translational Immunology University of Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Manali Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine Division of Respirology McMaster University and St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Parameswaran Nair
- Department of Medicine Division of Respirology McMaster University and St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton ON Canada
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Shilovskiy IP, Nikolskii AA, Kurbacheva OM, Khaitov MR. Modern View of Neutrophilic Asthma Molecular Mechanisms and Therapy. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:854-868. [PMID: 33045947 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920080027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
For a long time asthma was commonly considered as a homogeneous disease. However, recent studies provide increasing evidence of its heterogeneity and existence of different phenotypes of the disease. Currently, classification of asthma into several phenotypes is based on clinical and physiological features, anamnesis, and response to therapy. This review describes five most frequently identified asthma phenotypes. Neutrophilic asthma (NA) deserves special attention, since neutrophilic inflammation of the lungs is closely associated with severity of the disease and with the resistance to conventional corticosteroid therapy. This review focuses on molecular mechanisms of neutrophilic asthma pathogenesis and on the role of Th1- and Th17-cells in the development of this type of asthma. In addition, this review presents current knowledge of neutrophil biology. It has been established that human neutrophils are represented by at least three subpopulations with different biological functions. Therefore, total elimination of neutrophils from the lungs can result in negative consequences. Based on the new knowledge of NA pathogenesis and biology of neutrophils, the review summarizes current approaches for treatment of neutrophilic asthma and suggests new promising ways to treat this type of asthma that could be developed in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P Shilovskiy
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology, Federal Medico-Biological Agency, Moscow, 115522, Russia.
| | - A A Nikolskii
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology, Federal Medico-Biological Agency, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - O M Kurbacheva
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology, Federal Medico-Biological Agency, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - M R Khaitov
- National Research Center - Institute of Immunology, Federal Medico-Biological Agency, Moscow, 115522, Russia
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Cavaliere C, Masieri S, Greco A, Lambiase A, Segatto M. Nasal expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors is reduced by mepolizumab in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021; 126:442-443. [PMID: 33465456 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cavaliere
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Segatto
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Pesche (Is), Italy
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Andreev D, Liu M, Kachler K, Llerins Perez M, Kirchner P, Kölle J, Gießl A, Rauber S, Song R, Aust O, Grüneboom A, Kleyer A, Cañete JD, Ekici A, Ramming A, Finotto S, Schett G, Bozec A. Regulatory eosinophils induce the resolution of experimental arthritis and appear in remission state of human rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 80:451-468. [PMID: 33148700 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Eosinophils possess pro-inflammatory functions in asthma. However, our recent studies have suggested that innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2s) and eosinophils have proresolving properties in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Nothing is known yet about the mechanisms determining the double-edged role of eosinophils. Therefore, we investigated whether asthma, a paradigm eosinophilic disease, can elicit resolution of chronic arthritis. METHODS Ovalbumin-triggered eosinophilic asthma was combined with K/BxN serum-induced arthritis, where lung and synovial eosinophil subsets were compared by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). To investigate the involvement of the ILC2-interleukin-5 (IL-5) axis, hydrodynamic injection (HDI) of IL-25 and IL-33 plasmids, IL-5 reporter mice and anti-IL-5 antibody treatment were used. In patients with RA, the presence of distinct eosinophil subsets was examined in peripheral blood and synovial tissue. Disease activity of patients with RA with concomitant asthma was monitored before and after mepolizumab (anti-IL-5 antibody) therapy. RESULTS The induction of eosinophilic asthma caused resolution of murine arthritis and joint tissue protection. ScRNA-seq revealed a specific subset of regulatory eosinophils (rEos) in the joints, distinct from inflammatory eosinophils in the lungs. Mechanistically, synovial rEos expanded on systemic upregulation of IL-5 released by lung ILC2s. Eosinophil depletion abolished the beneficial effect of asthma on arthritis. rEos were consistently present in the synovium of patients with RA in remission, but not in active stage. Remarkably, in patients with RA with concomitant asthma, mepolizumab treatment induced relapse of arthritis. CONCLUSION These findings point to a hitherto undiscovered proresolving signature in an eosinophil subset that stimulates arthritis resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Andreev
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mengdan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katerina Kachler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mireia Llerins Perez
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Kirchner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Kölle
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Gießl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Rauber
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rui Song
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Aust
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anika Grüneboom
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Kleyer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juan D Cañete
- Departamento de Reumatología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona e IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arif Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ramming
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Vultaggio A, Agache I, Akdis CA, Akdis M, Bavbek S, Bossios A, Bousquet J, Boyman O, Chaker AM, Chan S, Chatzipetrou A, Feleszko W, Firinu D, Jutel M, Kauppi P, Klimek L, Kolios A, Kothari A, Kowalski ML, Matucci A, Palomares O, Pfaar O, Rogala B, Untersmayr E, Eiwegger T. Considerations on biologicals for patients with allergic disease in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: An EAACI statement. Allergy 2020; 75:2764-2774. [PMID: 32500526 PMCID: PMC7300800 DOI: 10.1111/all.14407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of the SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic re‐shaped doctor‐patient interaction and challenged capacities of healthcare systems. It created many issues around the optimal and safest way to treat complex patients with severe allergic disease. A significant number of the patients are on treatment with biologicals, and clinicians face the challenge to provide optimal care during the pandemic. Uncertainty of the potential risks for these patients is related to the fact that the exact sequence of immunological events during SARS‐CoV‐2 is not known. Severe COVID‐19 patients may experience a “cytokine storm” and associated organ damage characterized by an exaggerated release of pro‐inflammatory type 1 and type 3 cytokines. These inflammatory responses are potentially counteracted by anti‐inflammatory cytokines and type 2 responses. This expert‐based EAACI statement aims to provide guidance on the application of biologicals targeting type 2 inflammation in patients with allergic disease. Currently, there is very little evidence for an enhanced risk of patients with allergic diseases to develop severe COVID‐19. Studies focusing on severe allergic phenotypes are lacking. At present, noninfected patients on biologicals for the treatment of asthma, atopic dermatitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, or chronic spontaneous urticaria should continue their biologicals targeting type 2 inflammation via self‐application. In case of an active SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, biological treatment needs to be stopped until clinical recovery and SARS‐CoV‐2 negativity is established and treatment with biologicals should be re‐initiated. Maintenance of add‐on therapy and a constant assessment of disease control, apart from acute management, are demanded.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Mubeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Sevim Bavbek
- Department of Chest Disease Division of Immunology and Allergy School of Medicine Ankara University Ankara Turkey
| | - Apostolos Bossios
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Centre for Allergy Research Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Charité Universitätsmedizin BerlinHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Berlin Institute of Health Comprehensive Allergy Center Berlin Germany
- MACVIA‐France Montpellier France
- CHU Monpellier Montpellier France
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Adam M. Chaker
- Department of Otolaryngology TUM School of Medicine Klinikumrechts der Isar Center for Allergy and EnvironmentTechnical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Susan Chan
- School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences United Kingdom King’s College London School of Life Course Sciences King’s Health PartnersGuy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - Alexia Chatzipetrou
- Allergy Unit 2 Department of Dermatology and Venereology Medical School National University of AthensUniversity General Hospital “ATTIKON” Athens Greece
| | - Wojciech Feleszko
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Pneumology Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - Davide Firinu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health University of Cagliari Monserrato Italy
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology Wroclaw Medical University Wrocław Poland
- ALL‐MED Medical Research Institute Wroclaw Poland
| | - Paula Kauppi
- Department of Allergy Inflammation Center Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University Helsinki Finland
| | | | - Antonios Kolios
- MACVIA‐France Montpellier France
- CHU Monpellier Montpellier France
- Department of Immunology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Akash Kothari
- Translational Medicine Program Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and LearningHospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
| | - Marek L. Kowalski
- Department of Immunology and Allergy Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Andrea Matucci
- Immunoallergology Unit Careggi University Hospital Florence Italy
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Chemistry School Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
| | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Section of Rhinology and Allergy University Hospital MarburgPhilipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Barbara Rogala
- Department of Internal Diseases Allergology & Clinical Immunology Medical University of Silesia Katowice Poland
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Thomas Eiwegger
- Translational Medicine Program Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and LearningHospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
- Departments of Paediatrics and Immunology Division of Immunology and Allergy Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program The Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Immunology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
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Liang W, Li J, Bai C, Chen Y, Li Y, Huang G, Wang X. Interleukin-5 deletion promotes sepsis-induced M1 macrophage differentiation, deteriorates cardiac dysfunction, and exacerbates cardiac injury via the NF-κB p65 pathway in mice. Biofactors 2020; 46:1006-1017. [PMID: 33043521 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in sepsis-induced cardiac injury. The purpose of this study was to determine whether interleukin-5 (IL-5) affected lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cardiac injury by regulating the inflammatory response. First, the expression level and source of cardiac IL-5 were examined, and the results showed that LPS treatment and cecal ligation decreased cardiac IL-5 expression in macrophages. In addition, LPS was used to establish a mouse sepsis model, and the effects of IL-5 deletion on cardiac injury, M1 macrophage differentiation and myocardial cell apoptosis were analyzed. The results showed that IL-5 deficiency significantly increased cardiac injury marker expression, worsened cardiac dysfunction, promoted M1 macrophage differentiation and exacerbated myocardial cell apoptosis in LPS-induced septic mice. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 pathway was inhibited by JSH-23, and the results showed that treatment with JSH-23 inhibited M1 macrophage differentiation and alleviated cardiac injury in LPS-treated IL-5-knockout mice. Furthermore, the effects of IL-5 deficiency on M1 macrophage differentiation and myocardial cell apoptosis were measured in vitro. The IL-5-mediated promotion of M1 macrophage differentiation was also reversed by S31-201, and the pro-apoptotic effect of IL-5 knockout on macrophage-mediated myocardial cell apoptosis was also reversed by JSH-23. In conclusion, we found that IL-5 knockout may exacerbate sepsis-induced cardiac injury by promoting M1 macrophage differentiation in mice. IL-5 may be a potential target for the clinical prevention of sepsis-related cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqian Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Caiyan Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yingen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Guotao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xuehui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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47
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Rucavado A, Escalante T, Kalogeropoulos K, Camacho E, Gutiérrez JM, Fox JW. Analysis of wound exudates reveals differences in the patterns of tissue damage and inflammation induced by the venoms of Daboia russelii and Bothrops asper in mice. Toxicon 2020; 186:94-104. [PMID: 32781076 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Clinical manifestations of envenomings by bites of the viperid snakes Bothrops asper and Daboia russelii show marked differences. Both venoms elicit the typical effects induced by viperid venoms (local tissue damage, bleeding, coagulopathies, shock). In addition, envenomings by D. russelii are characterized by a high incidence of acute kidney injury and by systemic capillary leak syndrome. The present investigation aimed to compare the local pathological and inflammatory events induced by the intramuscular injection of these venoms in a mouse model. B. asper venom induced stronger local hemorrhage, whereas D. russelii venom caused a higher extent of myonecrosis, and both venoms induced inflammation. Exudates collected from the site of tissue damage showed higher proteolytic activity in the case of samples from B. asper venom-treated mice. This activity was abrogated by antivenoms, indicating that it is the result of the action of venom proteinases. In addition, an increase in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) over time was detected in exudates induced by both venoms. Proteome analysis of exudates revealed higher abundance of extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived protein fragments in samples collected from B. asper venom-injected mice, whereas those from D. russelii venom-injected animals had higher amounts of intracellular proteins. Analysis of the subproteome of inflammatory mediators in exudates showed various patterns of change over time. Some mediators peaked at 180 min and decreased afterwards, whereas others increased and remained elevated during the 360 min observation period. Interestingly, various mediators (MIP-1α, MIP-1β, KC, MIP-2, GM-CSF, VEGF, and LIX) increased and then decreased in the case of B. asper venom, while they remained elevated at 360 min in the case of D. russelii venom. Our findings show that these venoms induce a different pattern of local tissue damage and suggest that the venom of D. russelii induces a more sustained inflammatory reaction, an observation that may have implications for the pathophysiology of envenomings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Rucavado
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501, Costa Rica.
| | - Teresa Escalante
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501, Costa Rica
| | - Konstantinos Kalogeropoulos
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Erika Camacho
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501, Costa Rica
| | - José María Gutiérrez
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501, Costa Rica
| | - Jay W Fox
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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48
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Mandlik DS, Mandlik SK. New perspectives in bronchial asthma: pathological, immunological alterations, biological targets, and pharmacotherapy. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:521-544. [PMID: 32938247 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1824238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is the most common, long-lasting inflammatory airway disease that affects more than 10% of the world population. It is characterized by bronchial narrowing, airway hyperresponsiveness, vasodilatation, airway edema, and stimulation of sensory nerve endings that lead to recurring events of breathlessness, wheezing, chest tightness, and coughing. It is the main reason for global morbidity and occurs as a result of the weakening of the immune system in response to exposure to allergens or environmental exposure. In asthma condition, it results in the activation of numerous inflammatory cells like the mast and dendritic cells along with the accumulation of activated eosinophils and lymphocytes at the inflammation site. The structural cells such as airway epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells release inflammatory mediators that promote the bronchial inflammation. Long-lasting bronchial inflammation can cause pathological alterations, viz. the improved thickness of the bronchial epithelium and friability of airway epithelial cells, epithelium fibrosis, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy of airway smooth muscle, angiogenesis, and mucus gland hyperplasia. The stimulation of bronchial epithelial cell would result in the release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that attract inflammatory cells into bronchial airways and plays an important role in asthma. Asthma patients who do not respond to marketed antiasthmatic drugs needed novel biological medications to regulate the asthmatic situation. The present review enumerates various types of asthma, etiological factors, and in vivo animal models for the induction of asthma. The underlying pathological, immunological mechanism of action, the role of inflammatory mediators, the effect of inflammation on the bronchial airways, newer treatment approaches, and novel biological targets of asthma have been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa S Mandlik
- Department of Pharmacology, Bharat Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandawane, India
| | - Satish K Mandlik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Vadgaon, Maharashtra, India
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49
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Klimek L, Pfaar O, Worm M, Eiwegger T, Hagemann J, Ollert M, Untersmayr E, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Vultaggio A, Agache I, Bavbek S, Bossios A, Casper I, Chan S, Chatzipetrou A, Vogelberg C, Firinu D, Kauppi P, Kolios A, Kothari A, Matucci A, Palomares O, Szépfalusi Z, Pohl W, Hötzenecker W, Rosenkranz AR, Bergmann KC, Bieber T, Buhl R, Buters J, Darsow U, Keil T, Kleine-Tebbe J, Lau S, Maurer M, Merk H, Mösges R, Saloga J, Staubach P, Jappe U, Rabe KF, Rabe U, Vogelmeier C, Biedermann T, Jung K, Schlenter W, Ring J, Chaker A, Wehrmann W, Becker S, Freudelsperger L, Mülleneisen N, Nemat K, Czech W, Wrede H, Brehler R, Fuchs T, Tomazic PV, Aberer W, Fink-Wagner AH, Horak F, Wöhrl S, Niederberger-Leppin V, Pali-Schöll I, Pohl W, Roller-Wirnsberger R, Spranger O, Valenta R, Akdis M, Matricardi PM, Spertini F, Khaltaev N, Michel JP, Nicod L, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Idzko M, Hamelmann E, Jakob T, Werfel T, Wagenmann M, Taube C, Jensen-Jarolim E, Korn S, Hentges F, Schwarze J, O´Mahony L, Knol EF, del Giacco S, Chivato Pérez T, Bousquet J, Bedbrook A, Zuberbier T, Akdis C, Jutel M. Use of biologicals in allergic and type-2 inflammatory diseases during the current COVID-19 pandemic: Position paper of Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA) A, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Klinische Immunologie (DGAKI) B, Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Allergologie und Umweltmedizin (GPA) C, Österreichische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (ÖGAI) D, Luxemburgische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (LGAI) E, Österreichische Gesellschaft für Pneumologie (ÖGP) F in co-operation with the German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups G, and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) H. Allergol Select 2020; 4:53-68. [PMID: 32915172 PMCID: PMC7480069 DOI: 10.5414/alx02166e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the treatment of patients with allergic and atopy-associated diseases has faced major challenges. Recommendations for "social distancing" and the fear of patients becoming infected during a visit to a medical facility have led to a drastic decrease in personal doctor-patient contacts. This affects both acute care and treatment of the chronically ill. The immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection is so far only insufficiently understood and could be altered in a favorable or unfavorable way by therapy with monoclonal antibodies. There is currently no evidence for an increased risk of a severe COVID-19 course in allergic patients. Many patients are under ongoing therapy with biologicals that inhibit type 2 immune responses via various mechanisms. There is uncertainty about possible immunological interactions and potential risks of these biologicals in the case of an infection with SARS-CoV-2. MATERIALS AND METHODS A selective literature search was carried out in PubMed, Livivo, and the internet to cover the past 10 years (May 2010 - April 2020). Additionally, the current German-language publications were analyzed. Based on these data, the present position paper provides recommendations for the biological treatment of patients with allergic and atopy-associated diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS In order to maintain in-office consultation services, a safe treatment environment must be created that is adapted to the pandemic situation. To date, there is a lack of reliable study data on the care for patients with complex respiratory, atopic, and allergic diseases in times of an imminent infection risk from SARS-CoV-2. Type-2-dominant immune reactions, as they are frequently seen in allergic patients, could influence various phases of COVID-19, e.g., by slowing down the immune reactions. Theoretically, this could have an unfavorable effect in the early phase of a SARS-Cov-2 infection, but also a positive effect during a cytokine storm in the later phase of severe courses. However, since there is currently no evidence for this, all data from patients treated with a biological directed against type 2 immune reactions who develop COVID-19 should be collected in registries, and their disease courses documented in order to be able to provide experience-based instructions in the future. CONCLUSION The use of biologicals for the treatment of bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and spontaneous urticaria should be continued as usual in patients without suspected infection or proven SARS-CoV-2 infection. If available, it is recommended to prefer a formulation for self-application and to offer telemedical monitoring. Treatment should aim at the best possible control of difficult-to-control allergic and atopic diseases using adequate rescue and add-on therapy and should avoid the need for systemic glucocorticosteroids. If SARS-CoV-2 infection is proven or reasonably suspected, the therapy should be determined by weighing the benefits and risks individually for the patient in question, and the patient should be involved in the decision-making. It should be kept in mind that the potential effects of biologicals on the immune response in COVID-19 are currently not known. Telemedical offers are particularly desirable for the acute consultation needs of suitable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Klimek
- Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie, Wiesbaden,
- Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)
- German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Oliver Pfaar
- HNO-Universitätsklinik Marburg, Sektion Rhinologie und Allergologie, Medizinische Fakultät Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg,
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Klinische Immunologie (DGAKI)
- German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Margitta Worm
- Comprehensive Allergy Centre Charité, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany,
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Klinische Immunologie (DGAKI)
| | - Thomas Eiwegger
- Translational Medicine Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Jan Hagemann
- Hals-, Nasen-, Ohrenklinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Germany
- Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxemburg,
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark,
- Luxemburgische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (LGAI)
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria,
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria,
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Alessandra Vultaggio
- Immunoallergology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy,
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Ioana Agache
- Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania,
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Sevim Bavbek
- Ankara University, School of Medicine, Department of Chest Disease, Division of, Immunology and Allergy, Ankara, Turkey,
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Apostolos Bossios
- Abteilung für Atemwegsmedizin und Allergie, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge und Abteilung für Medizin, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,
- Zentrum für Allergieforschung, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Ingrid Casper
- Zentrum für Rhinologie und Allergologie, Wiesbaden,
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland,
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland,
- Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)
| | - Susan Chan
- Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, United Kingdom, King’s College London School of Life Course Sciences & School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King’s Health Partners, United Kingdom,
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | | | - Christian Vogelberg
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, National University of Athens, Medical School, University General Hospital „ATTIKON“, Athen, Greece,
- Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Allergologie und Umweltmedizin (GPA)
| | - Davide Firinu
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Fachbereich Kinderpneumologie/Allergologie, Dresden, Germany
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Paula Kauppi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy,
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Antonios Kolios
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland,
- Abteilung für Allergie, Entzündungszentrum, Universitätsklinikum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Akash Kothari
- Translational Medicine Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Andrea Matucci
- Immunoallergology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy,
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Zsolt Szépfalusi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chemistry School, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain,
- Österreichische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (ÖGAI)
| | - Wolfgang Pohl
- Abteilung für Pädiatrische Pulmologie, Allergologie und Endokrinologie, Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medizinische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria,
- Österreichische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (ÖGAI)
| | - Wolfram Hötzenecker
- Abteilung für Atmungs- und Lungenerkrankungen, Krankenhaus Hietzing, Vienna, Austria,
- Österreichische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (ÖGAI)
| | - Alexander R. Rosenkranz
- Abteilung für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Kepler Universitätsklinikum, Linz, Austria,
- Österreichische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (ÖGAI)
| | - Karl-Christian Bergmann
- Comprehensive Allergy Centre Charité, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany,
- Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Klinische Immunologie (DGAKI)
| | - Thomas Bieber
- Klinische Abteilung für Nephrologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Austria,
- German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups
| | - Roland Buhl
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Universität Bonn, Bonn,
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Klinische Immunologie (DGAKI)
- Österreichische Gesellschaft für Pneumologie (ÖGP)
- German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups
| | - Jeroen Buters
- Schwerpunkt Pneumologie, III. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz,
- German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups
| | - Ulf Darsow
- Zentrum Allergie und Umwelt (ZAUM) Technische Universität und Helmholtz Zentrum München,
- German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups
| | - Thomas Keil
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie der Technischen Universität München,
- German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups
| | - Jörg Kleine-Tebbe
- Institut für Klinische Epidemiologie und Biometrie, Universität Würzburg,
- Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)
| | - Susanne Lau
- Allergie- und Asthma-Zentrum Westend, Berlin,
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Klinische Immunologie (DGAKI)
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Marcus Maurer
- ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Wrocław, Poland, and
- German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Hans Merk
- Klinik für Pädiatrie m.S. Pneumologie, Immunologie und Intensivmedizin, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin,
- Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)
| | - Ralph Mösges
- Abteilung Dermatologie und Allergologie, RWTH Universität, Aachen,
- Medizinische Fakultät der Universität zu Köln, Cologne
- CRI – Clinical Research International Ltd., Hamburg,
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Klinische Immunologie (DGAKI)
| | - Joachim Saloga
- ClinCompetence Cologne GmbH, Köln, Cologne
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Klinische Immunologie (DGAKI)
| | - Petra Staubach
- ClinCompetence Cologne GmbH, Köln, Cologne
- Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)
| | - Uta Jappe
- Hautklinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin Mainz,
- Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Klinische Immunologie (DGAKI)
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Klaus F. Rabe
- Forschungsgruppe Klinische und Molekulare Allergologie des Forschungszentrums Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Mitglied des Deutschen Zentrums für Lungenforschung (DZL); Interdisziplinäre Allergie-Ambulanz, Medizinische Klinik III, Universität zu Lübeck,
- German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups
| | - Uta Rabe
- Forschungsgruppe Klinische und Molekulare Allergologie des Forschungszentrums Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Mitglied des Deutschen Zentrums für Lungenforschung (DZL); Interdisziplinäre Allergie-Ambulanz, Medizinische Klinik III, Universität zu Lübeck,
- Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)
| | - Claus Vogelmeier
- Klinik für Allergologie, Johanniter-Krankenhaus im Fläming Treuenbrietzen GmbH, Treuenbrietzen,
- German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Zentrum Allergie und Umwelt (ZAUM) Technische Universität und Helmholtz Zentrum München,
- Klinik für Innere Medizin Schwerpunkt Pneumologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg,
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Klinische Immunologie (DGAKI)
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Kirsten Jung
- Einheit für Klinische Allergologie (EKA), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg,
- Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)
| | - Wolfgang Schlenter
- Praxis für Dermatologie, Immunologie und Allergologie, Erfurt,
- Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)
| | - Johannes Ring
- Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen, Dreieich,
- Haut- und Laserzentrum an der Oper, München, Munich,
- Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Klinische Immunologie (DGAKI)
| | - Adam Chaker
- Academia München,
- HNO-Klinik, Universitätsklinik TUM, München,
- Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Wolfgang Wehrmann
- ZAUM, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich
- Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)
| | - Sven Becker
- Praxis für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Münster,
- Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)
| | - Laura Freudelsperger
- Hals-, Nasen-, Ohrenklinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Germany
- Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)
| | - Norbert Mülleneisen
- Klinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universität Tübingen,
- Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)
| | - Katja Nemat
- Asthma und Allergiezentrum Leverkusen,
- Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)
| | - Wolfgang Czech
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden; Praxis für Kinderpenumologie/Allergologie am Kinderzentrum Dresden (Kid), Dresden,
- Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)
| | - Holger Wrede
- Praxis und Klinik für Dermatologie/Allergologie am Schwarzwald-Baar Klinikum, Villingen-Schwenningen,
- Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)
| | - Randolf Brehler
- Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenarzt, Nordrhein-Westfalen,
- Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)
| | - Thomas Fuchs
- Universitätsklinikum Münster, Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Ambulanz für Allergologie, Berufsdermatologie und Umweltmedizin, Münster,
- Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)
| | - Peter-Valentin Tomazic
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Werner Aberer
- Klinische Abteilung für allgemeine HNO, Medizinische Universität Graz, Austria,
- Österreichische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (ÖGAI)
| | - Antje-Henriette Fink-Wagner
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Medizinische Universität Graz, Austria,
- Österreichische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (ÖGAI)
| | - Fritz Horak
- Global Allergy and Airways Patient Platform GAAPP, Vienna, Austria,
- Österreichische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (ÖGAI)
- Österreichische Gesellschaft für Pneumologie (ÖGP)
| | - Stefan Wöhrl
- Allergiezentrum Wien West, Vienna, Austria,
- Österreichische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (ÖGAI)
| | | | - Isabella Pali-Schöll
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria,
- Universitätsklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenkrankheiten, Medizinische Universität Vienna, Austria,
- Komperative Medizin, Interdisziplinäres Messerli Forschungsinstitut, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Medizinische Universität Wien,
- German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups
| | - Wolfgang Pohl
- Institut für Pathophysiologie und Allergieforschung, Medizinische Universität Wien,
- German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups
| | - Regina Roller-Wirnsberger
- Abteilung für Atmungs- und Lungenerkrankungen, Krankenhaus Hietzing, Vienna, Austria,
- German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups
| | - Otto Spranger
- Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Austria,
- German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Österreichische Lungenunion, Vienna, Austria,
- Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMR-S 1168, Montigny le Bretonneux, France,
- Euforea, Brussels, Belgium,
- Berlin Institute of Health, Comprehensive Allergy Center, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
- German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups
| | - Mübecell Akdis
- Immunopathologie, Abteilung für Pathophysiologie und Allergieforschung, Zentrum für Pathophysiologie, Infektiologie und Immunologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Austria,
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Paolo M. Matricardi
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland,
- Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)
| | | | - Nicolai Khaltaev
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland,
| | | | - Larent Nicod
- Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Genf, Switzerland,
| | - Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier
- Clinic Cecil of Hirslanden Group of Lausanne; Centre Hôpitalier Universitaire du canton de Vaud Lausanne, Switzerland,
| | - Marco Idzko
- Allergiestation, Dermatologische Klinik, Universitätsspital Zürich, Switzerland,
- German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups
| | - Eckard Hamelmann
- Klinische Abteilung für Pneumologie, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin II, Medizinische Universität Wien, Austria,
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Klinische Immunologie (DGAKI)
| | - Thilo Jakob
- Kinderzentrum Bethel, Evangelisches Klinikum Bethel, Universitätsmedizin OWL der Universität Bielefeld,
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen, UKGM, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Gießen,
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Klinische Immunologie (DGAKI)
| | - Martin Wagenmann
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Venerologie Medizinische Hochschule Hannover,
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Klinische Immunologie (DGAKI)
| | - Christian Taube
- HNO-Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf,
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Klinische Immunologie (DGAKI)
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria,
- Universitätsklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenkrankheiten, Medizinische Universität Vienna, Austria,
- Österreichische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (ÖGAI)
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Stephanie Korn
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Universität Bonn, Bonn,
- Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)
| | - Francois Hentges
- Universitätsklinikum Essen (AöR), Germany
- Luxemburgische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (LGAI)
| | - Jürgen Schwarze
- Service Immunologie-Allergologie Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxemburg,
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Liam O´Mahony
- Kinderleben und Gesundheit, Universität von Edinburgh, United Kingdom,
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Edward F. Knol
- Medicine and Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland, Cork, Irland,
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Stefano del Giacco
- Departments of Immunology, Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands,
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Tomás Chivato Pérez
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy,
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Jean Bousquet
- University Foundation San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain,
- MACVIA-France, Fondation partenariale FMC VIA-LR, Montpellier, France,
- INSERM U 1168, VIMA: Ageing and chronic diseases Epidemiological and public health approaches, Villejuif, France,
- Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UMR-S 1168, Montigny le Bretonneux, France,
- Euforea, Brussels, Belgium,
- German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups
| | - Anna Bedbrook
- University Foundation San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain,
- German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Comprehensive Allergy Centre Charité, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany,
- German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Cezmi Akdis
- Immunopathologie, Abteilung für Pathophysiologie und Allergieforschung, Zentrum für Pathophysiologie, Infektiologie und Immunologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Austria,
- German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
| | - Marek Jutel
- Berlin Institute of Health, Comprehensive Allergy Center, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland,
- European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)
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Akdis CA, Arkwright PD, Brüggen MC, Busse W, Gadina M, Guttman‐Yassky E, Kabashima K, Mitamura Y, Vian L, Wu J, Palomares O. Type 2 immunity in the skin and lungs. Allergy 2020; 75:1582-1605. [PMID: 32319104 DOI: 10.1111/all.14318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There has been extensive progress in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation and immune regulation in allergic diseases of the skin and lungs during the last few years. Asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) are typical diseases of type 2 immune responses. interleukin (IL)-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin are essential cytokines of epithelial cells that are activated by allergens, pollutants, viruses, bacteria, and toxins that derive type 2 responses. Th2 cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILC) produce and secrete type 2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13. IL-4 and IL-13 activate B cells to class-switch to IgE and also play a role in T-cell and eosinophil migration to allergic inflammatory tissues. IL-13 contributes to maturation, activation, nitric oxide production and differentiation of epithelia, production of mucus as well as smooth muscle contraction, and extracellular matrix generation. IL-4 and IL-13 open tight junction barrier and cause barrier leakiness in the skin and lungs. IL-5 acts on activation, recruitment, and survival of eosinophils. IL-9 contributes to general allergic phenotype by enhancing all of the aspects, such as IgE and eosinophilia. Type 2 ILC contribute to inflammation in AD and asthma by enhancing the activity of Th2 cells, eosinophils, and their cytokines. Currently, five biologics are licensed to suppress type 2 inflammation via IgE, IL-5 and its receptor, and IL-4 receptor alpha. Some patients with severe atopic disease have little evidence of type 2 hyperactivity and do not respond to biologics which target this pathway. Studies in responder and nonresponder patients demonstrate the complexity of these diseases. In addition, primary immune deficiency diseases related to T-cell maturation, regulatory T-cell development, and T-cell signaling, such as Omenn syndrome, severe combined immune deficiencies, immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome, and DOCK8, STAT3, and CARD11 deficiencies, help in our understanding of the importance and redundancy of various type 2 immune components. The present review aims to highlight recent advances in type 2 immunity and discuss the cellular sources, targets, and roles of type 2 mechanisms in asthma and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
| | - Peter D. Arkwright
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Marie-Charlotte Brüggen
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - William Busse
- Department of Medicine School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA
| | - Massimo Gadina
- Translational Immunology Section Office of Science and Technology National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease NIH Bethesda MD USA
| | - Emma Guttman‐Yassky
- Department of Dermatology, and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology The Rockefeller University New York NY USA
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) and Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS) Singapore Singapore
| | - Yasutaka Mitamura
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Laura Vian
- Translational Immunology Section Office of Science and Technology National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease NIH Bethesda MD USA
| | - Jianni Wu
- Department of Dermatology, and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology The Rockefeller University New York NY USA
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Chemistry Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
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