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Delgado J, Navarro A, Álvarez-Gutiérrez FJ, Cisneros C, Domínguez-Ortega J. [Unmet Needs in Severe Allergic Asthma]. OPEN RESPIRATORY ARCHIVES 2023; 5:100282. [PMID: 38053757 PMCID: PMC10694599 DOI: 10.1016/j.opresp.2023.100282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe asthma affects 3%-10% of the world's population, according to estimates by the Global Initiative for ASTHMA (GINA). Allergic asthma is one of the most common phenotypes of severe asthma and it is characterized by allergen-induced type 2 inflammation in which immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a key mediator, making it an important therapeutic target. The introduction of targeted biological therapies or treatments has entered the management for severe asthma in the era of precision medicine, and the goal of treatment is clinical remission of the disease. There is a significant percentage of patients with severe allergic asthma who do not respond to treatments and whose symptoms are not controlled. In this paper, a group of experts in the management of severe allergic asthma reviewed and evaluated the most relevant evidence regarding the pathophysiology and phenotypes of severe allergic asthma, the role of IgE in allergic inflammation, allergen identification, techniques, biomarkers and diagnostic challenges, available treatments and strategies for disease management, with a special focus on biological treatments. From this review, recommendations were developed and validated through a Delphi consensus process with the aim of offering improvements in the management of severe allergic asthma to the professionals involved and identifying the unmet needs in the management of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Delgado
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica, Alergología, Hospital Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, España
| | - Ana Navarro
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica, Alergología, Hospital Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, España
| | | | - Carolina Cisneros
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, España
| | - Javier Domínguez-Ortega
- Servicio de Alergia, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Instituto de Investigación IDiPAZ, Madrid, España
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2
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Magnan A, Nicolas JF, Caimmi D, Vocanson M, Haddad T, Colas L, Scurati S, Mascarell L, Shamji MH. Deciphering Differential Behavior of Immune Responses as the Foundation for Precision Dosing in Allergen Immunotherapy. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020324. [PMID: 36836557 PMCID: PMC9964800 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Like in many fields of medicine, the concept of precision dosing has re-emerged in routine practice in allergology. Only one retrospective study on French physicians' practice has addressed this topic so far and generated preliminary data supporting dose adaptation, mainly based on experience, patient profile understanding and response to treatment. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors shape the individual immune system response to allergen immunotherapy (AIT). Herein, we focus on key immune cells (i.e., dendritic cells, innate lymphoid cells, B and T cells, basophils and mast cells) involved in allergic disease and its resolution to further understand the effect of AIT on the phenotype, frequency or polarization of these cells. We strive to discriminate differences in immune responses between responders and non-responders to AIT, and discuss the eligibility of a non/low-responder subset for dose adaptation. A differential behavior in immune cells is clearly observed in responders, highlighting the importance of conducting clinical trials with large cohorts of well-characterized subjects to decipher the immune mechanism of AIT. We conclude that there is a need for designing new clinical and mechanistic studies to support the scientific rationale of dose adaptation in the interest of patients who do not properly respond to AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Magnan
- INRAe UMR 0892, Hôpital Foch, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin, Paris-Saclay, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Jean-François Nicolas
- CIRI-International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM U1111, Lyon1 University, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5308, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Davide Caimmi
- Allergy Unit, Department Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, University Hospital of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Vocanson
- CIRI-International Center for Infectiology Research, INSERM U1111, Lyon1 University, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5308, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Haddad
- Dermatology, Allergology and Vascular Medicine, Tenon Hospital, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Luc Colas
- Plateforme Transversale d’Allergologie, Clinique Dermatologique, CHU de Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
- UMR 1064, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, INSERM, Nantes Université, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Silvia Scurati
- Stallergenes Greer, 92160 Antony, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-6-12-88-40-93
| | | | - Mohamed H. Shamji
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London W2 1NY, UK
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3
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Sesé L, Mahay G, Barnig C, Guibert N, Leroy S, Guilleminault L. [Markers of severity and predictors of response to treatment in severe asthma]. Rev Mal Respir 2022; 39:740-757. [PMID: 36115752 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a multifactorial disease with complex pathophysiology. Knowledge of its immunopathology and inflammatory mechanisms is progressing and has led to the development over recent years of increasingly targeted therapeutic strategies. The objective of this review is to pinpoint the different predictive markers of asthma severity and therapeutic response. Obesity, nasal polyposis, gastroesophageal reflux disease and intolerance to aspirin have all been considered as clinical markers associated with asthma severity, as have functional markers such as bronchial obstruction, low FEV1, small daily variations in FEV1, and high FeNO. While sinonasal polyposis and allergic comorbidities are associated with better response to omalizumab, nasal polyposis or long-term systemic steroid use are associated with better response to antibodies targeting the IL5 pathway. Elevated total IgE concentrations and eosinophil counts are classic biological markers regularly found in severe asthma. Blood eosinophils are predictive biomarkers of response to anti-IgE, anti-IL5, anti-IL5R and anti-IL4R biotherapies. Dupilumab is particularly effective in a subgroup of patients with marked type 2 inflammation (long-term systemic corticosteroid therapy, eosinophilia≥150/μl or FENO>20 ppb). Chest imaging may help to identify severe patients by seeking out bronchial wall thickening and bronchial dilation. Study of the patient's environment is crucial insofar as exposure to tobacco, dust mites and molds, as well as outdoor and indoor air pollutants (cleaning products), can trigger asthma exacerbation. Wider and more systematic use of markers of severity or response to treatment could foster increasingly targeted and tailored approaches to severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sesé
- AP-HP, service de physiologie, hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - G Mahay
- Service de pneumologie, oncologie thoracique et soins intensifs respiratoires, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - C Barnig
- INSERM, EFS BFC, LabEx LipSTIC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Service de pneumologie, oncologie thoracique et allergologie respiratoire, CHRU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - N Guibert
- AP-HP, service de physiologie, hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - S Leroy
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, CNRS UMR 7275-FHU OncoAge, service de pneumologie oncologie thoracique et soins intensifs respiratoires, CHU de Nice, hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France
| | - L Guilleminault
- AP-HP, service de physiologie, hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France; Institut Toulousain des maladies infectieuses et inflammatoires (Infinity) inserm UMR1291-CNRS UMR5051-université Toulouse III, CRISALIS F-CRIN, Toulouse, France.
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4
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Identification of Key Genes Related to the Obesity Patients with Osteoarthritis Based on Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA). COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8953807. [PMID: 35860189 PMCID: PMC9293492 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8953807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. Increasing evidence has suggested that obesity affects the occurrence and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the underlying molecular mechanism that obesity affects the course of OA is not fully understood and remains to be studied. Methods. The gene expression profiles of the GSE117999 and GSE98460 datasets were derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Firstly, we explored the correlation between obesity and OA using chi-square test. Next, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was executed to identify obesity patients with OA- (obesity OA-) related genes in the GSE117999 dataset by “WGCNA” package. Moreover, differential expression analysis was performed to select the hub genes by “limma” package. Furthermore, ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) and functional enrichment analysis (“clusterProfiler” package) were conducted to investigate the functions of genes. Finally, the regulatory networks of hub genes and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were created by the Cytoscape 3.5.1 software and STRING. Results. A total of 15 differentially expressed obesity OA-related genes, including 9 lncRNAs and 6 protein coding genes, were detected by overlapping 66 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal BMI samples and obesity OA samples and 451 obesity OA-related genes. Moreover, CCR10, LENG8, QRFPR, UHRF1BP1, and HLA-DRB4 were identified as hub genes. IPA results indicated that the hub genes were noticeably enriched in antimicrobial response, inflammatory response, and humoral immune response. PPI network showed that CCR10 interacted more with other proteins. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated that the hub genes were related to protein translation, cancer, chromatin modification, antigen processing, and presentation. Conclusion. Our results further demonstrated the role of obesity in OA and might provide new targets for the treatment of obesity OA.
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Cristiani CM, Capone M, Garofalo C, Madonna G, Mallardo D, Tuffanelli M, Vanella V, Greco M, Foti DP, Viglietto G, Ascierto PA, Spits H, Carbone E. Altered Frequencies and Functions of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Melanoma Patients Are Modulated by Immune Checkpoints Inhibitors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:811131. [PMID: 35173725 PMCID: PMC8841353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.811131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints improved clinical outcome of patients with malignant melanoma. However, the mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Since immune check-point receptors are also expressed by helper innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), we investigated the capability of immune checkpoints inhibitors to modulate ILCs in metastatic melanoma patients as well as melanoma cells effects on ILC functions. Here, we demonstrated that, compared to healthy donors, patients showed a higher frequency of total peripheral ILCs, lower percentages of CD117+ ILC2s and CD117+ ILCs as well as higher frequencies of CD117- ILCs. Functionally, melanoma patients also displayed an impaired TNFα secretion by CD117- ILCs and CD117+ ILCs. Nivolumab therapy reduced the frequency of total peripheral ILCs but increased the percentage of CD117- ILC2s and enhanced the capability of ILC2s and CD117+ ILCs to secrete IL-13 and TNFα, respectively. Before Nivolumab therapy, high CCL2 serum levels were associated with longer Overall Survival and Progression Free Survival. After two months of treatment, CD117- ILC2s frequency as well as serum concentrations of IL-6, CXCL8 and VEGF negatively correlated with both the parameters. Moreover, melanoma cells boosted TNFα production in all ILC subsets and increased the number of IL-13 producing ILC2s in vitro. Our work shows for the first time that PD-1 blockade is able to affect ILCs proportions and functions in melanoma patients and that a specific subpopulation is associated with the therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Maria Cristiani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Costanza Maria Cristiani, ; Paolo Antonio Ascierto,
| | - Mariaelena Capone
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Cinzia Garofalo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gabriele Madonna
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Domenico Mallardo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Vito Vanella
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marta Greco
- Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniela Patrizia Foti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paolo Antonio Ascierto
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
- *Correspondence: Costanza Maria Cristiani, ; Paolo Antonio Ascierto,
| | - Hergen Spits
- Department of Experimental Immunology, University Medical Centres (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ennio Carbone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
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Gomes AMC, Farias GB, Dias‐Silva M, Laia J, Trombetta AC, Godinho‐Santos A, Rosmaninho P, Santos DF, Conceição CM, Costa‐Reis R, Adão‐Serrano M, Mota C, Almeida ARM, Sousa AE, Fernandes SM. SARS-CoV2 pneumonia recovery is linked to expansion of innate lymphoid cells type 2 expressing CCR10. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:3194-3201. [PMID: 34564853 PMCID: PMC8646914 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Accelerate lung repair in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia is essential for pandemic handling. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are likely players, given their role in mucosal protection and tissue homeostasis. We studied ILC subpopulations at two time points in a cohort of patients admitted in the hospital due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. COVID-19 patients with moderate/severe respiratory failure featured profound depletion of circulating ILCs at hospital admission, in agreement with overall lymphocyte depletion. However, ILCs recovered in direct correlation with lung function improvement as measured by oxygenation index and in negative association with inflammatory and lung/endothelial damage markers like RAGE. While both ILC1 and ILC2 expanded, ILC2 showed the most striking phenotype changes, with CCR10 upregulation in strong correlation with these parameters. Overall, CCR10+ ILC2 emerge as relevant contributors to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- André M. C. Gomes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo AntunesFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
- Clínica Universitária de Medicina IntensivaFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Guilherme B. Farias
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo AntunesFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Manuel Dias‐Silva
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo AntunesFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Joel Laia
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo AntunesFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental ChangesFaculdade de Ciências, Universidade de LisboaLisboa1749‐016Portugal
| | - Amelia C. Trombetta
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo AntunesFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Ana Godinho‐Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo AntunesFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Pedro Rosmaninho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo AntunesFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Diana F. Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo AntunesFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Carolina M. Conceição
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo AntunesFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Renato Costa‐Reis
- Serviço de Medicina IntensivaCentro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa NorteLisboaPortugal
| | - Maria Adão‐Serrano
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo AntunesFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
- Serviço de Medicina IntensivaCentro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa NorteLisboaPortugal
| | - Catarina Mota
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo AntunesFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
- Serviço de Medicina IIHospital de Santa MariaCentro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa NorteLisboaPortugal
| | - Afonso R. M. Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo AntunesFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Ana E. Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo AntunesFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Susana M. Fernandes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo AntunesFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
- Clínica Universitária de Medicina IntensivaFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
- Serviço de Medicina IntensivaCentro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa NorteLisboaPortugal
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Hsu AT, Gottschalk TA, Tsantikos E, Hibbs ML. The Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Chronic Respiratory Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:733324. [PMID: 34630416 PMCID: PMC8492945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.733324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung is a vital mucosal organ that is constantly exposed to the external environment, and as such, its defenses are continuously under threat. The pulmonary immune system has evolved to sense and respond to these danger signals while remaining silent to innocuous aeroantigens. The origin of the defense system is the respiratory epithelium, which responds rapidly to insults by the production of an array of mediators that initiate protection by directly killing microbes, activating tissue-resident immune cells and recruiting leukocytes from the blood. At the steady-state, the lung comprises a large collection of leukocytes, amongst which are specialized cells of lymphoid origin known as innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). ILCs are divided into three major helper-like subsets, ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3, which are considered the innate counterparts of type 1, 2 and 17 T helper cells, respectively, in addition to natural killer cells and lymphoid tissue inducer cells. Although ILCs represent a small fraction of the pulmonary immune system, they play an important role in early responses to pathogens and facilitate the acquisition of adaptive immunity. However, it is now also emerging that these cells are active participants in the development of chronic lung diseases. In this mini-review, we provide an update on our current understanding of the role of ILCs and their regulation in the lung. We summarise how these cells and their mediators initiate, sustain and potentially control pulmonary inflammation, and their contribution to the respiratory diseases chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy T Hsu
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy A Gottschalk
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Evelyn Tsantikos
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margaret L Hibbs
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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8
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Zhang P, Liu Z, Peng L, Zhou J, Wang M, Li J, Lu H, Hu C, Zhao L, Yang H, Wang Q, Fei Y, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Zeng X, Zhang W. Phenotype, function and clinical significance of innate lymphoid cells in immunoglobulin G4-related disease. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:2197-2209. [PMID: 34554231 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Innate immune system participates in immunoglobulin G4 related disease (IgG4-RD). While the role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in IgG4-RD remains to be elucidated, we aimed to evaluate the phenotype, function and clinical significance of ILCs in IgG4-RD patients. METHODS Sixty-seven untreated IgG4-RD patients, age and sex matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Circulating and tissue infiltration of ILCs were detected by flow cytometry. Serum suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) was detected by ELISA and membrane-bound ST2 (ST2L) was detected by flow cytometry. Tissue infiltration of IL-33 was measured by immunohistochemistry staining. RT-qPCR was performed to analyze the expression pattern of ILC2 associated genes between HCs and IgG4-RD patients. In addition, correlation analysis was performed in order to evaluate clinical significance of ILCs in IgG4-RD. RESULTS The frequency of circulating pan ILCs in IgG4-RD patients was lower than in HCs. ILC2s was higher in IgG4-RD compared with HCs, whereas ILC1s was lower in IgG4-RD. sST2 and ST2L were increased in IgG4-RD than HC. Infiltration of ILC1s in submandibular glands of IgG4-RD was more prominent than ILC2s. Intracellular secretion of IL-9 was increased in ILC2s of IgG4-RD than in HCs. Circulating ILC2s correlated positively with Treg cells, the surface expression of CD154, PD-1 and CXCR5 in ILC2s correlated positively with CD19+B cells, serum IgG4 level and serum IgE, respectively. CONCLUSION ILCs and their subsets were significantly altered in IgG4-RD. We demonstrated the dysfunction of ILC2s in IgG4-RD by phenotype, correlation analysis, and function investigation, revealing ILC2s participated in the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Linyi Peng
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Mu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jieqiong Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Chaojun Hu
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Lidan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Huaxia Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Yunyun Fei
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
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9
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Wirtz S, Schulz-Kuhnt A, Neurath MF, Atreya I. Functional Contribution and Targeted Migration of Group-2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Inflammatory Lung Diseases: Being at the Right Place at the Right Time. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688879. [PMID: 34177944 PMCID: PMC8222800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, group-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have been discovered and successfully established as crucial mediators of lung allergy, airway inflammation and fibrosis, thus affecting the pathogenesis and clinical course of many respiratory diseases, like for instance asthma, cystic fibrosis and chronic rhinosinusitis. As an important regulatory component in this context, the local pulmonary milieu at inflammatory tissue sites does not only determine the activation status of lung-infiltrating ILC2s, but also influences their motility and migratory behavior. In general, many data collected in recent murine and human studies argued against the former concept of a very strict tissue residency of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and instead pointed to a context-dependent homing capacity of peripheral blood ILC precursors and the inflammation-dependent capacity of specific ILC subsets for interorgan trafficking. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the so far described molecular mechanisms underlying the pulmonary migration of ILC2s and thereby the numeric regulation of local ILC2 pools at inflamed or fibrotic pulmonary tissue sites and discuss their potential to serve as innovative therapeutic targets in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wirtz
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Schulz-Kuhnt
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergic asthma reflects the interplay between inflammatory mediators and immune, airway epithelial, and other cells. This review summarizes key insights in these areas over the past year. RECENT FINDINGS Key findings over the past year demonstrate that epithelial cells mediate tight junction breakdown to facilitate the development of asthma-like disease in mice. Innate lymph lymphoid cells (ILC), while previously shown to promote allergic airway disease, have now been shown to inhibit the development of severe allergic disease in mice. Fibrinogen cleavage products (previously shown to mediate allergic airway disease and macrophage fungistatic immunity by signaling through Toll-like receptor 4) have now been shown to first bind to the integrin Mac-1 (CD11c/CD18). Therapeutically, recent discoveries include the development of the antiasthma drug PM-43I that inhibits the allergy-related transcription factors STAT5 and STAT6 in mice, and confirmatory evidence of the efficacy of the antifungal agent voriconazole in human asthma. SUMMARY Studies over the past year provide critical new insight into the mechanisms by which epithelial cells, ILC, and coagulation factors contribute to the expression of asthma-like disease and further support the development antiasthma drugs that block STAT factors and inhibit fungal growth in the airways.
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11
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Bartemes KR, Kita H. Roles of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in allergic diseases: The 10-year anniversary for ILC2s. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1531-1547. [PMID: 33965091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the 12 years since the discovery of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), our knowledge of their immunobiology has expanded rapidly. Group 2 ILCs (ILC2s) respond rapidly to allergen exposure and environmental insults in mucosal organs, producing type 2 cytokines. Early studies showed that epithelium-derived cytokines activate ILC2s, resulting in eosinophilia, mucus hypersecretion, and remodeling of mucosal tissues. We now know that ILC2s are regulated by other cytokines, eicosanoids, and neuropeptides as well, and interact with both immune and stromal cells. Furthermore, ILC2s exhibit plasticity by adjusting their functions depending on their tissue environment and may consist of several heterogeneous subpopulations. Clinical studies show that ILC2s are involved in asthma, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, food allergy, and eosinophilic esophagitis. However, much remains unknown about the immunologic mechanisms involved. Beneficial functions of ILCs in maintenance or restoration of tissue well-being and human health also need to be clarified. As our understanding of the crucial functions ILCs play in both homeostasis and disease pathology expands, we are poised to make tremendous strides in diagnostic and therapeutic options for patients with allergic diseases. This review summarizes discoveries in immunobiology of ILCs and their roles in allergic diseases in the past 5 years, discusses controversies and gaps in our knowledge, and suggests future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R Bartemes
- Division of Allergic Diseases and Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn; Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology and Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz.
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12
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Rodriguez-Rodriguez N, Gogoi M, McKenzie AN. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells: Team Players in Regulating Asthma. Annu Rev Immunol 2021; 39:167-198. [PMID: 33534604 PMCID: PMC7614118 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-110119-091711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immunity helps protect the host from infection, but it also plays key roles in tissue homeostasis, metabolism, and repair. Unfortunately, inappropriate type 2 immune reactions may lead to allergy and asthma. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the lungs respond rapidly to local environmental cues, such as the release of epithelium-derived type 2 initiator cytokines/alarmins, producing type 2 effector cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in response to tissue damage and infection. ILC2s are associated with the severity of allergic asthma, and experimental models of lung inflammation have shown how they act as playmakers, receiving signals variously from stromal and immune cells as well as the nervous system and then distributing cytokine cues to elicit type 2 immune effector functions and potentiate CD4+ T helper cell activation, both of which characterize the pathology of allergic asthma. Recent breakthroughs identifying stromal- and neuronal-derived microenvironmental cues that regulate ILC2s, along with studies recognizing the potential plasticity of ILC2s, have improved our understanding of the immunoregulation of asthma and opened new avenues for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noe Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QH. UK
| | - Mayuri Gogoi
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QH. UK
| | - Andrew N.J. McKenzie
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QH. UK,Corresponding author:
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13
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De Pasquale C, Campana S, Bonaccorsi I, Carrega P, Ferlazzo G. ILC in chronic inflammation, cancer and targeting with biologicals. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 80:100963. [PMID: 33726947 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery, Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC) have emerged as important effector cells, serving multiple roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding to tissue insults. As such, dysregulations of their function and distribution have been observed in a variety of immune-mediated diseases, suggesting a specific role for ILC in the pathophysiology of several disorders including chronic inflammation and cancer. Here, we provide an updated view on ILC biology dissecting their pathological or protective contribution in chronic inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and COPD, atherosclerosis, also exploring ILC role in tumor surveillance and progression. Throughout the review, we will also highlight how the potential dual role of these cells for protective or pathogenic immunity in many inflammatory diseases makes them interesting targets for the development of novel therapeutic strategies, particularly promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia De Pasquale
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Stefania Campana
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Bonaccorsi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Cell Factory Center and Division of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital Policlinico G.Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Carrega
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Guido Ferlazzo
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Cell Factory Center and Division of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital Policlinico G.Martino, Messina, Italy.
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14
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van der Ploeg EK, Golebski K, van Nimwegen M, Fergusson JR, Heesters BA, Martinez-Gonzalez I, Kradolfer CMA, van Tol S, Scicluna BP, de Bruijn MJW, de Boer GM, Tramper-Stranders GA, Braunstahl GJ, van IJcken WFJ, Nagtegaal AP, van Drunen CM, Fokkens WJ, Huylebroeck D, Spits H, Hendriks RW, Stadhouders R, Bal SM. Steroid-resistant human inflammatory ILC2s are marked by CD45RO and elevated in type 2 respiratory diseases. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/55/eabd3489. [PMID: 33514640 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd3489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) orchestrate protective type 2 immunity and have been implicated in various immune disorders. In the mouse, circulatory inflammatory ILC2s (iILC2s) were identified as a major source of type 2 cytokines. The human equivalent of the iILC2 subset remains unknown. Here, we identify a human inflammatory ILC2 population that resides in inflamed mucosal tissue and is specifically marked by surface CD45RO expression. CD45RO+ ILC2s are derived from resting CD45RA+ ILC2s upon activation by epithelial alarmins such as IL-33 and TSLP, which is tightly linked to STAT5 activation and up-regulation of the IRF4/BATF transcription factors. Transcriptome analysis reveals marked similarities between human CD45RO+ ILC2s and mouse iILC2s. Frequencies of CD45RO+ inflammatory ILC2 are increased in inflamed mucosal tissue and in the circulation of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis or asthma, correlating with disease severity and resistance to corticosteroid therapy. CD45RA-to-CD45RO ILC2 conversion is suppressed by corticosteroids via induction of differentiation toward an immunomodulatory ILC2 phenotype characterized by low type 2 cytokine and high amphiregulin expression. Once converted, however, CD45RO+ ILC2s are resistant to corticosteroids, which is associated with metabolic reprogramming resulting in the activation of detoxification pathways. Our combined data identify CD45RO+ inflammatory ILC2s as a human analog of mouse iILC2s linked to severe type 2 inflammatory disease and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmee K van der Ploeg
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Korneliusz Golebski
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Joannah R Fergusson
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Balthasar A Heesters
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Itziar Martinez-Gonzalez
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chantal M A Kradolfer
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sophie van Tol
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Brendon P Scicluna
- Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Geertje M de Boer
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerdien A Tramper-Stranders
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Neonatology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Braunstahl
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F J van IJcken
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Center for Biomics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Paul Nagtegaal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis M van Drunen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wytske J Fokkens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Hergen Spits
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ralph Stadhouders
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands. .,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M Bal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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15
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Cevhertas L, Ogulur I, Maurer DJ, Burla D, Ding M, Jansen K, Koch J, Liu C, Ma S, Mitamura Y, Peng Y, Radzikowska U, Rinaldi AO, Satitsuksanoa P, Globinska A, Veen W, Sokolowska M, Baerenfaller K, Gao Y, Agache I, Akdis M, Akdis CA. Advances and recent developments in asthma in 2020. Allergy 2020; 75:3124-3146. [PMID: 32997808 DOI: 10.1111/all.14607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss recent publications on asthma and review the studies that have reported on the different aspects of the prevalence, risk factors and prevention, mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of asthma. Many risk and protective factors and molecular mechanisms are involved in the development of asthma. Emerging concepts and challenges in implementing the exposome paradigm and its application in allergic diseases and asthma are reviewed, including genetic and epigenetic factors, microbial dysbiosis, and environmental exposure, particularly to indoor and outdoor substances. The most relevant experimental studies further advancing the understanding of molecular and immune mechanisms with potential new targets for the development of therapeutics are discussed. A reliable diagnosis of asthma, disease endotyping, and monitoring its severity are of great importance in the management of asthma. Correct evaluation and management of asthma comorbidity/multimorbidity, including interaction with asthma phenotypes and its value for the precision medicine approach and validation of predictive biomarkers, are further detailed. Novel approaches and strategies in asthma treatment linked to mechanisms and endotypes of asthma, particularly biologicals, are critically appraised. Finally, due to the recent pandemics and its impact on patient management, we discuss the challenges, relationships, and molecular mechanisms between asthma, allergies, SARS-CoV-2, and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacin Cevhertas
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
- Department of Medical Immunology Institute of Health Sciences, Bursa Uludag University Bursa Turkey
| | - Ismail Ogulur
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Marmara University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Debbie J. Maurer
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Daniel Burla
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Mei Ding
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
- Department of Allergology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Kirstin Jansen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Jana Koch
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics (SIB) Davos Switzerland
| | - Chengyao Liu
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Beijing TongRen HospitalCapital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Beijing TongRen HospitalCapital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Yasutaka Mitamura
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Yaqi Peng
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Otorhinolaryngology HospitalThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Urszula Radzikowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok Poland
| | - Arturo O. Rinaldi
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Pattraporn Satitsuksanoa
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | - Anna Globinska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Willem Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Katja Baerenfaller
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics (SIB) Davos Switzerland
| | - Ya‐dong Gao
- Department of Allergology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine Transylvania University Brasov Romania
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE) Davos Switzerland
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16
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Hong H, Liao S, Chen F, Yang Q, Wang D. Role of IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP in triggering united airway diseases toward type 2 inflammation. Allergy 2020; 75:2794-2804. [PMID: 32737888 DOI: 10.1111/all.14526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Under the concept of "united airway diseases," the airway is a single organ wherein upper and lower airway diseases are commonly comorbid. The upper and lower airways are lined with respiratory epithelium that plays a vital role in immune surveillance and modulation as the first line of defense to various infective pathogens, allergens, and physical insults. Recently, there is a common hypothesis emphasizing epithelium-derived cytokines, namely IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP, as key regulatory factors that link in immune-pathogenic mechanisms of allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and asthma, mainly involving in type 2 inflammatory responses and linking innate and adaptive immunities. Herein, we review studies that elucidated the role of epithelium-derived triple cytokines in both upper and lower airways with the purpose of expediting better clinical treatments and managements of AR, CRS, asthma, and other associated allergic diseases via applications of the modulators of these cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Hong
- Department of Otolaryngology Allergy Center The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Zhuhai China
- Department of Otolaryngology National University of Singapore National University Health System Singapore Singapore
| | - Shumin Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology Allergy Center The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Zhuhai China
| | - Fenghong Chen
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Qintai Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - De‐Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology National University of Singapore National University Health System Singapore Singapore
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17
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Kucuksezer UC, Ozdemir C, Cevhertas L, Ogulur I, Akdis M, Akdis CA. Mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy and allergen tolerance. Allergol Int 2020; 69:549-560. [PMID: 32900655 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the mainstay treatment for the cure of allergic disorders, with depicted efficacy and safety by several trials and meta-analysis. AIT impressively contributes to the management of allergic rhinitis, asthma and venom allergies. Food allergy is a new arena for AIT with promising results, especially via novel administration routes. Cell subsets with regulatory capacities are induced during AIT. IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β are the main suppressor cytokines, in addition to surface molecules such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) within the micro milieu. Modified T- and B-cell responses and antibody isotypes, increased activity thresholds for eosinophils, basophils and mast cells and consequent limitation of inflammatory cascades altogether induce and maintain a state of sustained allergen-specific unresponsiveness. Established tolerance is reflected into the clinical perspectives as improvement of allergy symptoms together with reduced medication requirements and evolved disease severity. Long treatment durations, costs, reduced patient compliance and risk of severe, even life-threatening adverse reactions during treatment stand as major limiting factors for AIT. By development of purified non-allergenic, highly-immunogenic modified allergen extracts, and combinational usage of them with novel adjuvant molecules via new routes may shorten treatment durations and possibly reduce these drawbacks. AIT is the best model for custom-tailored therapy of allergic disorders. Better characterization of disease endotypes, definition of specific biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy follow-up, as well as precision medicine approaches may further contribute to success of AIT in management of allergic disorders.
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergen immunotherapy is the only treatment modality which alters the natural course of allergic diseases by restoring immune tolerance against allergens. Deeper understanding of tolerance mechanisms will lead to the development of new vaccines, which target immune responses and promote tolerance. RECENT FINDINGS Successful allergen immunotherapy (AIT) induces allergen-specific peripheral tolerance, characterized mainly by the generation of allergen-specific Treg cells and reduction of Th2 cells. At the early phase, AIT leads to a decrease in the activity and degranulation of mast cells and basophils and a decrease in inflammatory responses of eosinophils in inflamed tissues. Treg cells show their effects by secreting inhibitory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor-β, interfering with cellular metabolisms, suppressing antigen presenting cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and by cytolysis. AIT induces the development of regulatory B cells producing IL-10 and B cells expressing allergen-specific IgG4. Recent investigations have demonstrated that AIT is also associated with the formation of ILC2reg and DCreg cells which contribute to tolerance induction. SUMMARY Research done so far, has shown that multiple molecular and cellular factors are dysregulated in allergic diseases and modified by AIT. Studies should now focus on finding the best target and ideal biomarkers to identify ideal candidates for AIT.
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19
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Shi R, Bian X, Feng S, Yang X, Zhao T, Guo M. The Involvement of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Airway Inflammation of Asthma. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2020; 40:188-194. [PMID: 32150691 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway inflammatory response is closely associated with asthma. The purpose of this article was to study the roles of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the process of airway inflammatory response in asthma. We established the asthmatic mice model with intraperitoneal injected ovalbumin medium, then with the flow cytometry analysis, we detected the ILCs and their surface proteins in the mice blood samples, besides, we analyzed the amounts of inflammatory cytokines and secreted proteins in the mice bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood serum. Moreover, Western blot analyzed the proteins in the mice bronchial epithelial tissues. The ILC2 amounts were obviously increased in young asthmatic mice model. And, the proteins CD25 and CCR10 were highly expressed in the sorted ILC2s. Besides, the cytokines interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, IL-33, CCL22, and CCL27 were abundant in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatic mice model. And, the secretion of IL-5, IL-13, IL-33, TSLP, and CCL22 in blood serum was much more in asthmatic mice model than in the normal control mice, whereas the secretion of PGD2 was suppressed in asthmatic mice bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood serum. Additionally, the guanine nucleotide-binding proteins Gα12 and Gα13 were upregulated in asthmatic mice bronchial tissues, and the protein SERCA2 was downregulated; moreover, the proteins NFAT, IRF4, and its downstream signal STAT6 were all upregulated in the asthmatic mice bronchial tissues. ILC2s were involved in the response of airway inflammation through secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines to dysregulate the Ca2+ homeostasis in airway in the process of asthma. [Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiming Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuhua Bian
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuang Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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20
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Liu S, Sirohi K, Verma M, McKay J, Michalec L, Sripada A, Danhorn T, Rollins D, Good J, Gorska MM, Martin RJ, Alam R. Optimal identification of human conventional and nonconventional (CRTH2 -IL7Rα -) ILC2s using additional surface markers. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:390-405. [PMID: 32032632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are identified by coupled detection of CRTH2 and IL7Rα on lineage negative (Lin-) cells. Type 2 cytokine production by CRTH2-IL7Rα- innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) is unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify CRTH2-IL7Rα- type 2 cytokine-producing ILCs and their disease relevance. METHODS We studied human blood and lung ILCs from asthmatic and control subjects by flow cytometry, ELISA, RNA sequencing, quantitative PCR, adoptive transfer to mice, and measurement of airway hyperreactivity by Flexivent. RESULTS We found that IL-5 and IL-13 were expressed not only by CRTH2+ but also by CRTH2-IL7Rα+ and CRTH2-IL7Rα- (double-negative [DN]) human blood and lung cells. All 3 ILC populations expressed type 2 genes and induced airway hyperreactivity when adoptively transferred to mice. The frequency of type 2 cytokine-positive IL7Rα and DN ILCs were similar to that of CRTH2 ILCs in the blood and lung. Their frequency was higher in asthmatic patients than in disease controls. Transcriptomic analysis of CRTH2, IL7Rα, and DN ILCs confirmed the expression of mRNA for type 2 transcription factors in all 3 populations. Unexpectedly, the mRNA for GATA3 and IL-5 correlated better with mRNA for CD30, TNFR2, ICOS, CCR4, and CD200R1 than for CRTH2. By using a combination of these surface markers, especially CD30/TNFR2, we identified a previously unrecognized ILC2 population. CONCLUSIONS The commonly used surface markers for human ILC2s leave a majority of type 2 cytokine-producing ILC2s unaccounted for. We identified top GATA3-correlated cell surface-expressed genes in human ILCs by RNA sequencing. These new surface markers, such as CD30 and TNFR2, identified a previously unrecognized human ILC2 population. This ILC2 population is likely to contribute to asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucai Liu
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Denver, Colo
| | - Kapil Sirohi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Denver, Colo
| | - Mukesh Verma
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Denver, Colo
| | - Jerome McKay
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Denver, Colo
| | - Lidia Michalec
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Denver, Colo
| | - Anand Sripada
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Denver, Colo
| | - Tomas Danhorn
- Center for Genes and Environment, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Donald Rollins
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver, Colo; School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colo
| | - James Good
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver, Colo; School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colo
| | - Magdalena M Gorska
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Denver, Colo; School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colo
| | - Richard J Martin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Denver, Colo; School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colo
| | - Rafeul Alam
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Denver, Colo; School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colo.
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