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Fan HL, Han ZT, Gong XR, Wu YQ, Fu YJ, Zhu TM, Li H. Macrophages in CRSwNP: Do they deserve more attention? Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112236. [PMID: 38744174 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) represents a heterogeneous disorder primarily characterized by the persistent inflammation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. The subtype known as chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is distinguished by a significantly elevated recurrence rate and augmented challenges in the management of nasal polyps. The pathogenesis underlying this subtype remains incompletely understood. Macrophages play a crucial role in mediating the immune system's response to inflammatory stimuli. These cells exhibit remarkable plasticity and heterogeneity, differentiating into either the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype or the anti-inflammatory and reparative M2 phenotype depending on the surrounding microenvironment. In CRSwNP, macrophages demonstrate reduced production of Interleukin 10 (IL-10), compromised phagocytic activity, and decreased autophagy. Dysregulation of pro-resolving mediators may occur during the inflammatory resolution process, which could potentially hinder the adequate functioning of anti-inflammatory macrophages in facilitating resolution. Collectively, these factors may contribute to the prolonged inflammation observed in CRSwNP. Additionally, macrophages may enhance fibrin cross-linking through the release of factor XIII-A (FAXIII), promoting fibrin deposition and plasma protein retention. Macrophages also modulate vascular permeability by releasing Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Moreover, they may disrupt the balance between Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases (TIMPs), which favors extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, edema formation, and pseudocyst development. Accumulating evidence suggests a close association between macrophage infiltration and CRSwNP; however, the precise mechanisms underlying this relationship warrant further investigation. In different subtypes of CRSwNP, different macrophage phenotypic aggregations trigger different types of inflammatory features. Increasing evidence suggests that macrophage infiltration is closely associated with CRSwNP, but the mechanism and the relationship between macrophage typing and CRSwNP endophenotyping remain to be further explored. This review discusses the role of different types of macrophages in the pathogenesis of different types of CRSwNP and their contribution to polyp formation, in the hope that a better understanding of the role of macrophages in specific CRSwNP will contribute to a precise and individualized understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Fan
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhou-Tong Han
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin-Ru Gong
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu-Qi Wu
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi-Jie Fu
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tian-Min Zhu
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hui Li
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Bai J, Tan BK, Kato A. Endotypic heterogeneity and pathogenesis in chronic rhinosinusitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 24:1-8. [PMID: 37966157 PMCID: PMC10873077 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to provide updates in realms of endotypic heterogeneity, pathogenesis at the molecular level, potential of biomarkers, and cutting-edge scope of biologics in CRS. RECENT FINDINGS High-dimensional analyses, such as transcriptomes, and machine learning, have significantly enhanced CRS endotyping, uncovering diverse pathogenetic mechanisms contributing to its heterogeneity. The dynamic process of epithelial remodeling in CRS pathogenesis has gained more clarity and support as exemplified by IL-13 and oncostatin M (OSM) that are shown intricately linked to epithelial barrier dysfunction. Moreover, anti-dsDNA autoantibody, BAFF, periostin, and cystatin SN show promise as potentials biomarkers, offering diagnostic and prognostic value for CRS. SUMMARY The identification of inflammatory molecules involved in endotype specific signaling pathways provides insights into the underlying mechanisms and verifiable biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of disease severity. More comprehensive clinical studies should be conducted to facilitate biologics from bench to bedside in treating CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqin Bai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Bruce K. Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Zhong B, Sun S, Tan KS, Ong HH, Du J, Liu F, Liu Y, Liu S, Ba L, Li J, Wang DY, Liu J. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α activates the NLRP3 inflammasome to regulate epithelial differentiation in chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:1444-1459.e14. [PMID: 37777019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an upper airway inflammation disease associated with hypoxia-mediated inflammation. The effect of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) on NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in the pathogenesis of sinonasal mucosa is unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect and mechanism of HIF-1α on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the primary human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs). METHODS We measured the expression levels of HIF-1α and the NLRP3 inflammasome in nasal biopsy samples and hNECs derived from negative controls (healthy) and patients with CRS with and without nasal polyps, then further analyzed the specific mechanism of HIF-1α regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its effect on hNEC differentiation. RESULTS Increased mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF-1α and the NLRP3 inflammasome were found in all CRS biopsy samples. HIF-1α enhanced expression of phosphorylated NLRP3 (S295) in both HEK293T cells and hNECs; it also promoted recruitment of caspase-1 and apoptotic speck-like protein containing caspase recruitment domain (aka ASC) by NLRP3. HIF-1α also improved NLRP3's stability by preventing NLRP3 degradation caused by hypoxia-mediated inflammation. In addition, HIF-1α could also increase expression of Mucin5AC and decrease expression of α-tubulin by promoting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in hNECs. In addition, HIF-1α could also directly promote P63 expression in hNECs. CONCLUSION HIF-1α could potentially induce cilia loss and enhance the proliferation of goblet cells, possibly mediated by the regulation of NLRP3 phosphorylation in CRS inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhong
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Silu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Biosafety Level 3 Core Facility, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hsiao Hui Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jintao Du
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yafeng Liu
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shixi Liu
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Luo Ba
- Department of Otolaryngology, People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Liao S, Huang Y, Zhang J, Xiong Q, Chi M, Yang L, Zhang J, Li L, Fan Y. Vitamin D promotes epithelial tissue repair and host defense responses against influenza H1N1 virus and Staphylococcus aureus infections. Respir Res 2023; 24:175. [PMID: 37407993 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early studies indicated that vitamin D (VD) exerted pleiotropic extra-skeletal effects in the airway, but the definite linkage between VD deficiency and airway host responses remains unclear. METHODS 142 cases of clinical data from Department of Otolaryngology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, were collected to characterize the relationship between VD deficiency and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Based on the clinical observations, 2.5-D airway epithelial organoids cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI) were used to simulate the effects of VD treatment in the development of airway epithelium and the modulation of the host responses against influenza H1N1 virus (representing viral infections) and Staphylococcus aureus (representing bacterial infections) infections in the airway. The intrinsic mechanisms of VD deficiency underlying epithelial remodeling were mapped by transcriptomic as well as proteomic analyses. RESULTS In this study we observed prevailing VD deficiency among inpatients suffering from CRS, a common disease predominantly characterized by epithelial impairment and remodeling. Relative to control organoids cultured without VD, long-term incubation with VD accelerated basal cell proliferation during nasal epithelial development. Under infectious conditions, VD treatment protected the organoids against influenza H1N1 virus and Staphylococcus aureus invasions by reinforcing the respiratory host defenses, including upregulation of LL37, suppression (or inhibition) of proinflammatory cytokines, strengthening of epithelial integrity, and mucociliary clearance. In silico analysis of transcriptomics and proteomics suggested that VD modulated the epithelial development and remodeling, involving epithelial cell proliferation/differentiation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cytokine signaling in the immune system, as well as responses to microbe, cell junction organization, and extracellular matrix organization via PTEN signaling, independent of TGF-β signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our findings emphasize the importance of managing VD deficiency in clinical settings for the sake of alleviating pathological epithelial remodeling. Vitamin D promotes epithelial tissue repair and host defense responses against influenza H1N1 and Staphylococcus aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanhong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinxiu Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qinglan Xiong
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengshi Chi
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junhang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yunping Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
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5
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Zhong B, Seah JJ, Liu F, Ba L, Du J, Wang DY. The role of hypoxia in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergy 2022; 77:3217-3232. [PMID: 35603933 DOI: 10.1111/all.15384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal cavity characterized by excessive nasal mucus secretion and nasal congestion. The development of CRS is related to pathological mechanisms induced by hypoxia. Under hypoxic conditions, the stable expression of both Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) α and HIF-2α are involved in the immune response and inflammatory pathways of CRS. The imbalance in the composition of nasal microbiota may affect the hypoxic state of CRS and perpetuate existing inflammation. Hypoxia affects the differentiation of nasal epithelial cells such as ciliated cells and goblet cells, induces fibroblast proliferation, and leads to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tissue remodeling. Hypoxia also affects the proliferation and differentiation of macrophages, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells in sinonasal mucosa, and thus influences the inflammatory state of CRS by regulating T cells and B cells. Given the multifactorial nature in which HIF is linked to CRS, this study aims to elucidate the effect of hypoxia on the pathogenic mechanisms of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhong
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Jie Seah
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Feng Liu
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Luo Ba
- Department of Otolaryngology, People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, China
| | - Jintao Du
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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6
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Jiao J, Hu P, Zhuang M, Li Y, Cai C, Wang X, Zhang L. Transcriptome sequencing reveals altered ciliogenesis under hypoxia in nasal epithelial cells from chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Clin Transl Allergy 2022; 12:e12168. [PMID: 35702726 PMCID: PMC9174880 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia is considered a key factor in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). However, the specific mechanism driving polypogenesis under hypoxic conditions is unclear. This study aimed to explore hypoxia-induced alterations in the transcriptome of human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) in vitro. Methods HNECs derived from the tissue of patients with CRSwNP were established as air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures. Confluent cultures were kept submerged or treated with cobalt chloride (CoCl2) to induce hypoxia. Transcriptome analysis was used to identify key mRNAs involved in this process. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR), Western blotting, and immunofluorescence were used to observe the effects of hypoxia on ciliogenesis. Results Numerous genes, biological processes and pathways were altered under submerged culture conditions or after CoCl2 treatment. Analysis of the results under both hypoxic conditions revealed that the transcriptional program responsible for ciliogenesis was significantly impaired. Downregulation of cilia-related genes and inhibition of ciliated cell differentiation under hypoxia were confirmed by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. Conclusion Hypoxia impairs ciliogenesis and ciliary function in HNECs, which might play a role in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryBeijing TongRen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal DiseasesBeijing Institute of OtolaryngologyBeijingChina
| | - Puqi Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryBeijing TongRen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal DiseasesBeijing Institute of OtolaryngologyBeijingChina
- Department of OtolaryngologyBeijing You'an HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Mengyan Zhuang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryBeijing TongRen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal DiseasesBeijing Institute of OtolaryngologyBeijingChina
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryBeijing TongRen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal DiseasesBeijing Institute of OtolaryngologyBeijingChina
| | - Chao Cai
- Department of OtolaryngologyBeijing You'an HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryBeijing TongRen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal DiseasesBeijing Institute of OtolaryngologyBeijingChina
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryBeijing TongRen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal DiseasesBeijing Institute of OtolaryngologyBeijingChina
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7
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Kato A, Schleimer RP, Bleier BS. Mechanisms and pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1491-1503. [PMID: 35245537 PMCID: PMC9081253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by local inflammation of the upper airways and is historically divided into 2 main phenotypes: CRS with nasal polyps and CRS without nasal polyps. Inflammation in CRS is mainly characterized by 3 endotypes based on elevation of canonical lymphocyte cytokines: type (T) 1 (T1) by TH1 cytokine IFN-γ, T2 by TH2 cutokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, and T3 by TH17 cytokines including IL-17. Inflammation in both CRS without nasal polyps and CRS with nasal polyps is highly heterogeneous, and the frequency of various endotypes varies geographically around the world. This finding complicates establishment of a unified understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis in CRS. Sinonasal epithelium acts as a passive barrier, and epithelial barrier dysfunction is a common feature in CRS induced by endotype-specific cytokines directly and indirectly. The sinonasal epithelium also participates in both innate immunity via recognition by innate pattern-recognition receptors and promotes and regulates adaptive immunity via release of chemokines and innate cytokines including thymic stromal lymphopoietin. The purpose of this review was to discuss the contribution of the epithelium to CRS pathogenesis and to update the field regarding endotypic heterogeneity and various mechanisms for understanding pathogenesis in CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kato
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago.
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Benjamin S Bleier
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston
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Zhong B, Du J, Liu F, Liu Y, Liu S, Xie L, Wang DY, Ba L. Activation of the mTOR/HIF-1α/VEGF axis promotes M1 macrophage polarization in non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Allergy 2022; 77:643-646. [PMID: 34390596 DOI: 10.1111/all.15050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhong
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Jintao Du
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Feng Liu
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yafeng Liu
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Shixi Liu
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Lifeng Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region Lhasa China
| | - De yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore, National University Health System Singapore Singapore
| | - Luo Ba
- Department of Otolaryngology People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region Lhasa China
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9
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Ogulur I, Pat Y, Ardicli O, Barletta E, Cevhertas L, Fernandez‐Santamaria R, Huang M, Bel Imam M, Koch J, Ma S, Maurer DJ, Mitamura Y, Peng Y, Radzikowska U, Rinaldi AO, Rodriguez‐Coira J, Satitsuksanoa P, Schneider SR, Wallimann A, Zhakparov D, Ziadlou R, Brüggen M, Veen W, Sokolowska M, Baerenfaller K, Zhang L, Akdis M, Akdis CA. Advances and highlights in biomarkers of allergic diseases. Allergy 2021; 76:3659-3686. [PMID: 34519063 PMCID: PMC9292545 DOI: 10.1111/all.15089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
During the past years, there has been a global outbreak of allergic diseases, presenting a considerable medical and socioeconomical burden. A large fraction of allergic diseases is characterized by a type 2 immune response involving Th2 cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, eosinophils, mast cells, and M2 macrophages. Biomarkers are valuable parameters for precision medicine as they provide information on the disease endotypes, clusters, precision diagnoses, identification of therapeutic targets, and monitoring of treatment efficacies. The availability of powerful omics technologies, together with integrated data analysis and network‐based approaches can help the identification of clinically useful biomarkers. These biomarkers need to be accurately quantified using robust and reproducible methods, such as reliable and point‐of‐care systems. Ideally, samples should be collected using quick, cost‐efficient and noninvasive methods. In recent years, a plethora of research has been directed toward finding novel biomarkers of allergic diseases. Promising biomarkers of type 2 allergic diseases include sputum eosinophils, serum periostin and exhaled nitric oxide. Several other biomarkers, such as pro‐inflammatory mediators, miRNAs, eicosanoid molecules, epithelial barrier integrity, and microbiota changes are useful for diagnosis and monitoring of allergic diseases and can be quantified in serum, body fluids and exhaled air. Herein, we review recent studies on biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma, chronic urticaria, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, food allergies, anaphylaxis, drug hypersensitivity and allergen immunotherapy. In addition, we discuss COVID‐19 and allergic diseases within the perspective of biomarkers and recommendations on the management of allergic and asthmatic patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
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10
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Xu X, Reitsma S, Wang DY, Fokkens WJ. Highlights in the advances of chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergy 2021; 76:3349-3358. [PMID: 33948955 DOI: 10.1111/all.14892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a complex upper airway inflammatory disease with a broad spectrum of clinical variants. As our understanding of the disease pathophysiology evolves, so too does our philosophy towards the approach and management of CRS. Endotyping is gaining favour over phenotype-based classifications, owing to its potential in prognosticating disease severity and delivering precision treatment. Endotyping is especially useful in challenging CRS with nasal polyposis cases, for whom novel treatment options such as biologicals are now available. The latest European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (EPOS2020) reflects these changes with updated rhinosinusitis classifications and new integrated care pathways. With the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, physicians and rhinologists have to balance the responsibility of managing their patients' upper airway while adequately protecting themselves from droplet and aerosol transmission. This review summarises the key updates from EPOS2020, endotype-based classification and biomarkers. The role of biologicals in CRS and the lessons we can draw from their use in severe asthma will be examined. Finally, the principles of CRS management during COVID-19 will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinni Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology ‐ Head & Neck Surgery National University Hospital Singapore Singapore
| | - Sietze Reitsma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Wytske J. Fokkens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC Amsterdam The Netherlands
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11
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Zhang L, Akdis CA. The inspirational journey of Chinese scholars in the field of allergy. Allergy 2021; 76:422-424. [PMID: 33251625 DOI: 10.1111/all.14676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Beijing TongRen HospitalCapital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
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