1
|
Steenackers K, Hanning N, Bruckers L, Desombere I, Marchant A, Ariën KK, Georges D, Soentjens P, D'Onofrio V, Hites M, Berens-Riha N, De Coster I, Damme PV. Humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 after adapted COVID-19 vaccine schedules in healthy adults: The IMCOVAS randomized clinical trial. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00773-4. [PMID: 39019657 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To overcome supply issues of COVID-19 vaccines, this partially single blind, multi-centric, vaccine trial aimed to evaluate humoral immunogenicity using lower vaccine doses, intradermal vaccination, and heterologous vaccine schedules. Also, the immunity after a booster vaccination was assessed. METHODOLOGY 566 COVID-19-naïve healthy adults were randomized to 1 of 8 treatment arms consisting of combinations of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and ChAdOx1-S. Anti-Receptor-Binding Domain immunoglobulin G (RBD IgG) titers, neutralizing antibody titres, and avidity of the anti-RBD IgGs was assessed up to 1 year after study start. RESULTS Prolonging the interval between vaccinations from 28 to 84 days and the use of a heterologous BNT162b2 + mRNA-1273 vaccination schedule led to a non-inferior immune response, compared to the reference schedule. A low dose of mRNA-1273 was sufficient to induce non-inferior immunity. Non-inferiority could not be demonstrated for intradermal vaccination. For all adapted vaccination schedules, anti-RBD IgG titres measured after a first booster vaccination were non-inferior to their reference schedule. CONCLUSION This study suggests that reference vaccine schedules can be adapted without jeopardizing the development of an adequate immune response. Immunity after a booster vaccination did not depend on the dose or brand of the booster vaccine, which is relevant for future booster campaigns. The trial is registered in the European Union Clinical Trials Register (number 2021-001993-52) and on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06189040).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Steenackers
- Centre for Evaluation of Vaccination, University of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 663, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Nikita Hanning
- Centre for Evaluation of Vaccination, University of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 663, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Bruckers
- Data Science Institute, UHasselt, Agoralaan Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Desombere
- Laboratory Immune Response, Department of Infectious Diseases in Humans, Sciensano, Rue Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Marchant
- European Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Rte de Lennik 900, 1070 Anderlecht, Belgium
| | - Kevin K Ariën
- Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Daphnée Georges
- European Plotkin Institute for Vaccinology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Rte de Lennik 900, 1070 Anderlecht, Belgium; Laboratory of Enzymology and Protein Folding, Centre for Protein Engineering, InBioS, University of Liège, Bât.B6c Quartier Agora, allée du six Août 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Patrick Soentjens
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Kronenburgstraat 43, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Valentino D'Onofrio
- Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maya Hites
- Université libre de Bruxelles, Av. Franklin Roosevelt 50, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Nicole Berens-Riha
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Kronenburgstraat 43, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ilse De Coster
- Centre for Evaluation of Vaccination, University of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 663, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Centre for Evaluation of Vaccination, University of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 663, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hollstein MM, Dierks S, Schön MP, Groß U, Thiele K, Leha A, Zautner AE, Fischer A, Erpenbeck L, Schnelle M. Anti-rubella IgG serum levels predict risk for SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 38979807 DOI: 10.1111/all.16232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz M Hollstein
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sascha Dierks
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary UMG Laboratory, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael P Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Lower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Groß
- Interdisciplinary UMG Laboratory, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karin Thiele
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary UMG Laboratory, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Leha
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas E Zautner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary UMG Laboratory, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Luise Erpenbeck
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Moritz Schnelle
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary UMG Laboratory, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mallory M, Munt JE, Narowski TM, Castillo I, Cuadra E, Pisanic N, Fields P, Powers JM, Dickson A, Harris R, Wargowsky R, Moran S, Allabban A, Raphel K, McCaffrey TA, Brien JD, Heaney CD, Lafleur JE, Baric RS, Premkumar L. COVID-19 point-of-care tests can identify low-antibody individuals: In-depth immunoanalysis of boosting benefits in a healthy cohort. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi1379. [PMID: 38865463 PMCID: PMC11168476 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The recommended COVID-19 booster vaccine uptake is low. At-home lateral flow assay (LFA) antigen tests are widely accepted for detecting infection during the pandemic. Here, we present the feasibility and potential benefits of using LFA-based antibody tests as a means for individuals to detect inadequate immunity and make informed decisions about COVID-19 booster immunization. In a health care provider cohort, we investigated the changes in the breadth and depth of humoral and T cell immune responses following mRNA vaccination and boosting in LFA-positive and LFA-negative antibody groups. We show that negative LFA antibody tests closely reflect the lack of functional humoral immunity observed in a battery of sophisticated immune assays, while positive results do not necessarily reflect adequate immunity. After booster vaccination, both groups gain depth and breadth of systemic antibodies against evolving SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses. Our findings show that LFA-based antibody tests can alert individuals about inadequate immunity against COVID-19, thereby increasing booster shots and promoting herd immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mallory
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Chapel Hill School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Munt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Chapel Hill School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tara M. Narowski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Izabella Castillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Edwing Cuadra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nora Pisanic
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - John M. Powers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Chapel Hill School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexandria Dickson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rohan Harris
- Department Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard Wargowsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Seamus Moran
- Department Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ahmed Allabban
- Department Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kristin Raphel
- Department Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Timothy A. McCaffrey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James D. Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christopher D. Heaney
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John E. Lafleur
- Department Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Chapel Hill School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lakshmanane Premkumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Messina NL, Germano S, McElroy R, Bonnici R, Grubor-Bauk B, Lynn DJ, McDonald E, Nicholson S, Perrett KP, Pittet LF, Rudraraju R, Stevens NE, Subbarao K, Curtis N. Specific and off-target immune responses following COVID-19 vaccination with ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 vaccines-an exploratory sub-study of the BRACE trial. EBioMedicine 2024; 103:105100. [PMID: 38663355 PMCID: PMC11058726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic led to the rapid development and deployment of several highly effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Recent studies suggest that these vaccines may also have off-target effects on the immune system. We sought to determine and compare the off-target effects of the adenovirus vector ChAdOx1-S (Oxford-AstraZeneca) and modified mRNA BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccines on immune responses to unrelated pathogens. METHODS Prospective sub-study within the BRACE trial. Blood samples were collected from 284 healthcare workers before and 28 days after ChAdOx1-S or BNT162b2 vaccination. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were measured using ELISA, and whole blood cytokine responses to specific (SARS-CoV-2) and unrelated pathogen stimulation were measured by multiplex bead array. FINDINGS Both vaccines induced robust SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody and cytokine responses. ChAdOx1-S vaccination increased cytokine responses to heat-killed (HK) Candida albicans and HK Staphylococcus aureus and decreased cytokine responses to HK Escherichia coli and BCG. BNT162b2 vaccination decreased cytokine response to HK E. coli and had variable effects on cytokine responses to BCG and resiquimod (R848). After the second vaccine dose, BNT162b2 recipients had greater specific and off-target cytokine responses than ChAdOx1-S recipients. INTERPRETATION ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 vaccines alter cytokine responses to unrelated pathogens, indicative of potential off-target effects. The specific and off-target effects of these vaccines differ in their magnitude and breadth. The clinical relevance of these findings is uncertain and needs further study. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, National Health and Medical Research Council, Swiss National Science Foundation and the Melbourne Children's. BRACE trial funding is detailed in acknowledgements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Messina
- Infectious Diseases Group, Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Susie Germano
- Infectious Diseases Group, Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca McElroy
- Infectious Diseases Group, Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhian Bonnici
- Infectious Diseases Group, Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Branka Grubor-Bauk
- Viral Immunology Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David J Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Ellie McDonald
- Infectious Diseases Group, Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Suellen Nicholson
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirsten P Perrett
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Population Allergy Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Laure F Pittet
- Infectious Diseases Group, Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rajeev Rudraraju
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie E Stevens
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Infectious Diseases Group, Infection, Immunity and Global Health Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Infectious Diseases, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hollstein MM, Dierks S, Schön MP, Bergmann A, Abratis A, Eidizadeh A, Kaltenbach S, Schanz J, Groß U, Leha A, Kröger A, Andag R, Zautner AE, Fischer A, Erpenbeck L, Schnelle M. Humoral and cellular immune responses in fully vaccinated individuals with or without SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection: Results from the CoV-ADAPT cohort. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29122. [PMID: 37787583 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in prophylactic vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 infections continue to cause significant morbidity. A better understanding of immune response differences between vaccinated individuals with and without later SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection is urgently needed. CoV-ADAPT is a prospective long-term study comparing humoral (anti-spike-RBD-IgG, neutralization capacity, avidity) and cellular (spike-induced T-cell interferon-γ [IFN-γ] release) immune responses in individuals vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 at four different time points (three before and one after third vaccination). In this cohort study, 62 fully vaccinated individuals presented with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections vs 151 without infection 3-7 months following third vaccination. Breakthrough infections significantly increased anti-spike-RBD-IgG (p < 0.01), but not spike-directed T-cell IFN-γ release (TC) or antibody avidity. Despite comparable surrogate neutralization indices, the functional neutralization capacity against SARS-CoV-2-assessed via a tissue culture-based assay-was significantly higher following breakthrough vs no breakthrough infection. Anti-spike-RBD-IgG and antibody avidity decreased with age (p < 0.01) and females showed higher anti-spike-RBD-IgG (p < 0.01), and a tendency towards higher antibody avidity (p = 0.051). The association between humoral and cellular immune responses previously reported at various time points was lost in subjects after breakthrough infections (p = 0.807). Finally, a machine-learning approach based on our large immunological dataset (a total of 49 variables) from different time points was unable to predict breakthrough infections (area under the curve: 0.55). In conclusion, distinct differences in humoral vs cellular immune responses in fully vaccinated individuals with or without breakthrough infection could be demonstrated. Breakthrough infections predominantly drive the humoral response without boosting the cellular component. Breakthrough infections could not be predicted based on immunological data, which indicates a superior role of environmental factors (e.g., virus exposure) in individualized risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz M Hollstein
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sascha Dierks
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary UMG Laboratory, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael P Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Lower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Armin Bergmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Abratis
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary UMG Laboratory, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Abass Eidizadeh
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary UMG Laboratory, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Kaltenbach
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary UMG Laboratory, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julie Schanz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Groß
- Interdisciplinary UMG Laboratory, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Leha
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Kröger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group Innate Immunity and Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Reiner Andag
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary UMG Laboratory, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas E Zautner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary UMG Laboratory, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Luise Erpenbeck
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Moritz Schnelle
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary UMG Laboratory, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim WJ, Roberts CC, Song JY, Yoon JG, Seong H, Hyun HJ, Lee H, Gil A, Oh Y, Park JE, Lee JE, Jeon B, Kane D, Spruill S, Kudchodkar SB, Muthumani K, Park YK, Kwon I, Maslow JN. Immune response enhancement with GLS-5310 DNA primary vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 followed by administration of an mRNA vaccine heterologous boost. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00683-7. [PMID: 37296017 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heterologous boost regimens are being increasingly considered against SARS-CoV-2. We report results for the 32 of 45 participants in the Phase 1 CoV2-001 clinical trial (Kim et al., Int J Iinfect Dis 2023, 128:112-120) who elected to receive an EUA-approved SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine 6 to 8 months following a two-dose primary vaccination with the GLS-5310 bi-cistronic DNA vaccine given intradermally and followed by application of suction using the GeneDerm device. Receipt of EUA-approved mRNA vaccines after GLS-5310 vaccination was well-tolerated, with no reported adverse events. Immune responses were enhanced such that binding antibody titers, neutralizing antibody titers, and T-cell responses increased 1,187-fold, 110-fold, and 2.9-fold, respectively. This paper is the first description of the immune responses following heterologous vaccination with a DNA primary series and mRNA boost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Joo Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Guro Hospital, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Joon Young Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Guro Hospital, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gu Yoon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Guro Hospital, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Guro Hospital, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Jun Hyun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Guro Hospital, Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Lee
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Areum Gil
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeeun Oh
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Park
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Lee
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyun Jeon
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deborah Kane
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Susan Spruill
- Applied Statistics and Consulting, Spruce Pine, NC, USA
| | | | - Kar Muthumani
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young K Park
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ijoo Kwon
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joel N Maslow
- GeneOne Life Science, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mallory M, Munt JE, Narowski TM, Castillo I, Cuadra E, Pisanic N, Fields P, Powers JM, Dickson A, Harris R, Wargowsky R, Moran S, Allabban A, Raphel K, McCaffrey TA, Brien JD, Heaney CD, Lafleur JE, Baric RS, Premkumar L. Longitudinal Analysis of Humoral and Cellular Immune Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Supports Utilizing Point-Of-Care Tests to Enhance COVID-19 Booster Uptake. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.04.03.23287498. [PMID: 37066219 PMCID: PMC10104219 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.03.23287498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with weaker neutralizing responses show reduced protection with SARS-CoV-2 variants. Booster vaccines are recommended for vaccinated individuals, but the uptake is low. We present the feasibility of utilizing point-of-care tests (POCT) to support evidence-based decision-making around COVID-19 booster vaccinations. Using infectious virus neutralization, ACE2 blocking, spike binding, and TCR sequencing assays, we investigated the dynamics of changes in the breadth and depth of blood and salivary antibodies as well as T-cell clonal response following mRNA vaccination in a cohort of healthcare providers. We evaluated the accuracy of two POCTs utilizing either blood or saliva to identify those in whom humoral immunity was inadequate. >4 months after two doses of mRNA vaccine, SARS-CoV-2 binding and neutralizing Abs (nAbs) and T-cell clones declined 40-80%, and 2/3rd lacked Omicron nAbs. After the third mRNA booster, binding and neutralizing Abs increased overall in the systemic compartment; notably, individuals with previously weak nAbs gained sharply. The third dose failed to stimulate secretory IgA, but salivary IgG closely tracked systemic IgG levels. Vaccine boosting increased Ab breadth against a divergent bat sarbecovirus, SHC014, although the TCR-beta sequence breadth was unchanged. Post 3rd booster dose, Ab avidity increased for the Wuhan and Delta strains, while avidity against Omicron and SHC014 increased to levels seen for Wuhan after the second dose. Negative results on POCTs strongly correlated with a lack of functional humoral immunity. The third booster dose helps vaccinees gain depth and breadth of systemic Abs against evolving SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses. Our findings show that POCTs are useful and easy-to-access tools to inform inadequate humoral immunity accurately. POCTs designed to match the circulating variants can help individuals with booster vaccine decisions and could serve as a population-level screening platform to preserve herd immunity. One Sentence Summary SARS-CoV-2 point-of-care antibody tests are valuable and easy-to-access tools to inform inadequate humoral immunity and to support informed decision-making regarding the current and future booster vaccination.
Collapse
|
8
|
IgA antibody dynamics in healthcare workers after CoronaVac® vaccination and heterologous Comirnaty® booster dose. Braz J Microbiol 2023:10.1007/s42770-023-00935-1. [PMID: 36862369 PMCID: PMC9978283 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is aimed at calculating the IgA antibody dynamic range in healthcare workers (HCWs) after immunization with CoronaVac® and Comirnaty® booster dose. METHODS A total of 118 HCW serum samples from Southern Brazil were collected the day before the first vaccine dose (day 0) and + 20, + 40, + 110, + 200 days following the vaccine's first dose, and + 15 days after a Comirnaty® booster dose. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) was quantified using immunoassays for anti-S1 (spike) protein antibodies (Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany). RESULTS Seroconversion for the S1 protein occurred in 75 (63.56%) and 115 (97.47%) HCWs by day + 40 and day + 15 after the booster dose, respectively. There was an absence of IgA antibodies after the booster dose in two (1.69%) HCWs undergoing biannual rituximab administration and one (0.85%) HCW for no apparent reason. CONCLUSION Complete vaccination showed a significant IgA antibody production response, and the booster dose considerably increased this response.
Collapse
|
9
|
Hartley GE, Edwards ESJ, O’Hehir RE, van Zelm MC. New insights into human immune memory from SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Allergy 2022; 77:3553-3566. [PMID: 36048132 PMCID: PMC9538469 DOI: 10.1111/all.15502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Since early 2020, the world has been embroiled in an ongoing viral pandemic with SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants resulting in mass morbidity and an estimated 6 million deaths globally. The scientific community pivoted rapidly, providing unique and innovative means to identify infected individuals, technologies to evaluate immune responses to infection and vaccination, and new therapeutic strategies to treat infected individuals. Never before has immunology been so critically at the forefront of combatting a global pandemic. It has now become evident that not just antibody responses, but formation and durability of immune memory cells following vaccination are associated with protection against severe disease from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, the emergence of variants of concern (VoC) highlight the need for immunological markers to quantify the protective capacity of Wuhan-based vaccines. Thus, harnessing and modulating the immune response is key to successful vaccination and treatment of disease. We here review the latest knowledge about immune memory generation and durability following natural infection and vaccination, and provide insights into the attributes of immune memory that may protect from emerging variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma E. Hartley
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Emily S. J. Edwards
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Robyn E. O’Hehir
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology ServiceAlfred HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Menno C. van Zelm
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology ServiceAlfred HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abdelhafiz AS, Ali A, Kamel MM, Ahmed EH, Sayed DM, Bakry RM. Sinopharm's BBIBP-CorV Vaccine and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine Are Associated with a Comparable Immune Response against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091462. [PMID: 36146540 PMCID: PMC9502803 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected millions of people worldwide. During the early stages of vaccination in Egypt, the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BBIBP-CorV vaccines were the most distributed. The aim of this study was to compare the immune responses and short-term efficacies of these two vaccines. We recruited adults who received two doses of either vaccine. Samples were collected after the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-1 and after the second dose of both vaccines. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 antigens were measured using LABScreen™ COVID Plus kits, and cell-mediated immune responses were assessed using flow cytometry. Of the 109 recruited subjects, 60 (55%) received the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, and the remainder received the BBIBP-CorV vaccine. The total antibody level did not significantly differ between the two groups. The level of the anti-spike subunit 2 (S2) antibody was significantly higher in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group. The percentages of both total T cells and B cells were unaffected by the type of vaccination. However, the ChAdOx1 nCoV-1 vaccine was significantly associated with a higher percentage of CD8+ cells. The vaccines did not significantly differ in the number or severity of infections postvaccination. None of the participants were admitted to the hospital or died of COVID-19 infection. In conclusion, the BBIBP-CorV vaccine is associated with an immune response and protection against infection that is comparable to that of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-1 vaccine. Follow-up is needed to study the long-term protective effects of both vaccines. Inactivated vaccines are easier to manufacture in developing countries and their limited side effects may lead to better economic benefits by limiting the number of absences from work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Samir Abdelhafiz
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Kasr Al-Aini Street, El-Khalig Square, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Ali
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Abbassia Chest Hospital, MOH, Cairo 11517, Egypt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mahmoud M. Kamel
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Kasr Al-Aini Street, El-Khalig Square, Cairo 11796, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +201-000-219-408
| | - Eman Hasan Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Douaa M. Sayed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Rania M. Bakry
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Antibody Avidity and Neutralizing Response against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant after Infection or Vaccination. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:4813199. [PMID: 36093434 PMCID: PMC9453088 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4813199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant exhibits several mutations on the spike protein, enabling it to escape the immunity elicited by natural infection or vaccines. Avidity is the strength of binding between an antibody and its specific epitope. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binds to its cellular receptor with high affinity and is the primary target of neutralizing antibodies. Therefore, protective antibodies should show high avidity. This study aimed at investigating the avidity of receptor-binding domain (RBD) binding antibodies and their neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients and vaccinees. Methods Samples were collected from 42 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients during the first pandemic wave, 50 subjects who received 2 doses of mRNA vaccine before the Omicron wave, 44 subjects who received 3 doses of mRNA vaccine, and 35 subjects who received heterologous vaccination (2 doses of adenovirus-based vaccine plus mRNA vaccine) during the Omicron wave. Samples were tested for the avidity of RBD-binding IgG and neutralizing antibodies against the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus and the Omicron variant. Results In patients, RBD-binding IgG titers against the wild-type virus increased with time, but remained low. High neutralizing titers against the wild-type virus were not matched by high avidity or neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant. Vaccinees showed higher avidity than patients. Two vaccine doses elicited the production of neutralizing antibodies, but low avidity for the wild-type virus; antibody levels against the Omicron variant were even lower. Conversely, 3 doses of vaccine elicited high avidity and high neutralizing antibodies against both the wild-type virus and the Omicron variant. Conclusions Repeated vaccination increases antibody avidity against the spike protein of the Omicron variant, suggesting that antibodies with high avidity and high neutralizing potential increase cross-protection against variants that carry several mutations on the RBD.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zurac S, Vladan C, Dinca O, Constantin C, Neagu M. Immunogenicity evaluation after BNT162b2 booster vaccination in healthcare workers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12716. [PMID: 35882871 PMCID: PMC9321272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Waning of the immune response upon vaccination in SARS-CoV-2 infection is an important subject of evaluation in this pandemic, mostly in healthcare workers (HCW) that are constantly in contact with infected samples and patients. Therefore, our study aimed to establish the specific humoral response of specific IgG and IgA antibodies upon vaccination, during the second year of pandemic and evaluating the booster shot with the same vaccine type. A group of 103 HCW with documented exposure to the virus were monitored for specific IgG and IgA levels prior to vaccination, after the first vaccination round, during the following 8 months and after the booster shot with the same vaccine type. After 8 months post-vaccination the humoral response in both IgG and IgA decreased, 2.4 times for IgG, and 2.7 times for IgA. Although the antibodies levels significantly decreased, no documented infection was registered in the group. After the booster shot, the entire group, displayed IgG increased levels, immediately after booster followed by the increase in specific IgA. IgG levels post-second round of vaccination are statistically higher compared to the first round, while IgA is restored at the same levels. Within the vaccination or booster routine for a multiple waves' pandemic that is generating new virus variants, populational immunity remains an important issue for future implementation of prevention/control measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Zurac
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Vladan
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- "Prof. Dr. Dan Theodorescu" Clinical Hospital for Oro-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octavian Dinca
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- "Prof. Dr. Dan Theodorescu" Clinical Hospital for Oro-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
- Department of Immunology, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Monica Neagu
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- "Prof. Dr. Dan Theodorescu" Clinical Hospital for Oro-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Bucharest, Romania
- Doctoral School, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hollstein MM, Münsterkötter L, Schön MP, Bergmann A, Husar TM, Abratis A, Eidizadeh A, Dierks S, Schaffrinski M, Zachmann K, Schmitz A, Holsapple JS, Stanisz‐Bogeski H, Schanz J, Fischer A, Groß U, Leha A, Zautner AE, Schnelle M, Erpenbeck L. Long-term effects of homologous and heterologous SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on humoral and cellular immune responses. Allergy 2022; 77:2560-2564. [PMID: 35567394 PMCID: PMC9348463 DOI: 10.1111/all.15373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz M. Hollstein
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Lennart Münsterkötter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Michael P. Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Lower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Armin Bergmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Thea M. Husar
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Anna Abratis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Abass Eidizadeh
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Sascha Dierks
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Meike Schaffrinski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Karolin Zachmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Anne Schmitz
- Department of Dermatology University of Münster Münster Germany
| | | | - Hedwig Stanisz‐Bogeski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Julie Schanz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Uwe Groß
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Andreas Leha
- Department of Medical Statistics University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Andreas E. Zautner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene Medical Faculty, Otto‐von‐Guericke University Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany
| | - Moritz Schnelle
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Luise Erpenbeck
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Department of Dermatology University of Münster Münster Germany
| |
Collapse
|